2021年高考英語調(diào)研大一輪復(fù)習(xí)課時作業(yè)28Unit3AhealthylifeB卷

課時作業(yè)28AhealthylifeⅠ.閱讀理解(陜西西安中學(xué)檢測)Adecade-longstudy,alsothefirstmajorresearchintoairpollutionanddiseasehasshownthatlivingnearamainroadincreasestheriskofdementia(癡呆).Thestudyof6.6millionpeoplefoundthatoneintendementiadeathsinpeoplelivingwithin50metresofabusyroadwasduetowastegasandnoise.Airpollutionisalreadyknowntocontributetothedeathsofaround40,000peopleinBritaineachyearbyworseningbreathingandheartconditions,whilepreviousresearchshowedemissions(排放物)cancausebrainshrinkage.ButthenewstudybyCanadianpublichealthscientistsisthefirsttofindalinkbetweenlivingclosetoheavytrafficandtheincreasingofdementia,adiscoverydescribedas“believable”and“impressive”byBritishexperts.DrHongChensaid,“Ourstudysuggeststhatbusyroadscouldbeasourceofenvironmentalstressorsthatcouldgiverisetotheonsetofdementia.Populationgrowthandurbanizationhaveplacedmanypeopleclosetoheavytraffic,andwithwidespreadexposuretoheavytrafficandgrowingratesofdementia,evenamodesteffectfromnear-roadexposurecouldcausealargepublichealthburden.Moreresearchtounderstandingthislinkisneeded,particularlyintotheeffectsofdifferentaspectsoftraffic,suchasairpollutantsandnoise.”Inthenewstudy,theteamtrackedalladultsagedbetween20and85livinginOntarioformorethanadecadefrom2001to2012.Theyusedpostcodestodeterminehowclosepeoplelivedtoamainroadandanalysedmedicalrecordstoseeiftheywentontodevelopdementia,Parkinson'sdiseaseormultiplesclerosis(多發(fā)性硬化)．WhiletherewasnocorrelationbetweenlivingneararoadandParkinson'sdiseaseormultiplesclerosis,dementiariskreducedaspeoplelivedfurtherfromamainroad,withasevenpercenthigherriskindevelopingdementiaamongthoselivingwithin50metres;afourpercenthigherriskat50—100metresandatwopercenthigherriskat101—200metres.After200metrestherewasnoincrease.Researchersbelievethatnoiseoftrafficmayalsoplayaroleintheraisedriskaswellasotherurbanpollution,whichisoftenpresentnearbusyroads.本文是一篇說明文。研究表明：居住在主道路附近的居民由于受空氣污染和噪聲影響患癡呆的風(fēng)險較高。1．WhatcanweknowaboutCanadian'snewstudy?A．Britishexpertsthinkhighlyofit.B．Itbringsbenefitstodementiapatients.C．Itshowsthatairpollutionisveryserious.D．Itshowsthatairpollutioncancausebrainshrinkage.答案：A解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“ButthenewstudybyCanadianpublichealth...describedas‘believable’and‘impressive’byBritishexperts.”可知，英國專家很看重這項研究。故選A項。2．WhatDrHongChensaidshowedthat________.A．peoplearediagnosedwithdementiamainlyduetoairpollutionB．widespreadexposuretotrafficwillreducetheriskofhavingdementiaC．thelinkbetweenlivingnearroadsandhavingdementiawasnotobviousD．busyroadscouldbeasourceofenvironmentalstressorsthatcauseddementiatoincrease答案：D解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“DrHongChensaid,‘Ourstudysuggeststhatbusyroadscouldbeasourceofenvironmentalstressorsthatcouldgiverisetotheonsetofdementia.’”可知，DrHongChen認(rèn)為繁忙的道路是一種環(huán)境壓力源，會使患癡呆癥的風(fēng)險升高。故選D項。3．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“correlation”mean?A．Change. B．Improvement.C．Association. D．Secret.答案：C解析：詞義猜測題。雖然生活在道路附近與帕金森病或多發(fā)性硬化癥之間沒有相關(guān)性，但隨著人們遠(yuǎn)離主干道，患癡呆癥的風(fēng)險降低了。correlation與association同義，意為“相關(guān)，關(guān)聯(lián)”。故選C項。Ⅱ.閱讀填句(河北灤南一中檢測)Snow-blind—it'safrighteningword.Thankfully,it'saconditionthatistotallypreventable.Snow-blindnessisapainful,temporarylossofvisionduetooverexposuretothesun'sUVrays.Essentially,snow-blindnessiscausedbyasunburnedeye.__1__Thoughitiscommonlycalledsnow-blindness,theconditioncan(andoftendoes)occurintheabsenceofsnow.Theterms“snow-blind”and“snow-blindness”havebecomepopularbecausesnowishighlyreflectiveofultravioletradiation.__2__Also,skiing,mountainclimbingandsnowboardingusuallytakeplaceatrelativelyhighaltitudes,wherethesun'sUVraysarestronger.Combined,thesefactorscandoubleyourriskofgettingsunburnedeyes,comparedwithbeingoutdoorsatloweraltitudesinthesummertime.__3__TelevisionjournalistAndersonCooperexperiencedsnow-freesnow-blindnessfirst-handafewyearsagowhenhespentacoupleofhoursonaboatinPortugalwithoutsunglassesandendedup“blindfor36hours，”accordingtohisreportoftheincident.Notonlycanyoubecomesnow-blindwithoutsnow—itcanhappenwithoutsunlight,too!__4__Forexample,sunlampscancausetemporarysnow-blindnessifpropereyeprotectionisnotused.__5__Torelievepainordiscomfortfromsnow-blindness,stayindoorsandwearsunglasses.Keepyoureyeswell-moistenedwithartificialtears.Foradditionalrelief,useover-the-counterpainrelievers.Besuretouseonlypainrelieversyouknowyoucantakewithoutworryofanallergicreaction.Youalsomayfindthatplacingacool,dampenedwashclothoveryourclosedeyelidsiscomforting.A．Youdon'tneedsnowtobecomesnow-blind.B．Itwilllikelyaffectthosetravellinginsnowyconditions.C．Topreventsnow-blindnessontheslopes,wearsunglasses.D．Sometimesitoccursfromman-madesourcesofultravioletradiation.E．Infact,snowcanreflectover80percentoftheUVraysthatfalluponit.F．Snow-blindnessisscary,butusuallyit'stemporary,andtherearewaystorelievethediscomfort.G．Butwaterandwhitesandalsoarehighlyreflectiveofthesun'sUVrays,thusincreasingtherisk.本文是一篇說明文?！把┟ぁ笔且患芸膳碌氖虑?，在沒有雪的情況下也會發(fā)生，文章介紹了幾種可以預(yù)防“雪盲”發(fā)生的方法。1．解析：根據(jù)后面的句子“Thoughitiscommonlycalledsnow-blindness,theconditioncan(andoftendoes)occurintheabsenceofsnow.”可知，雖然這詞被叫作“雪盲”，但是在沒有雪的地方也會發(fā)生，故選A。2．解析：根據(jù)上一句的介紹“Theterms‘snow-blind’and‘snow-blindness’havebecomepopularbecausesnowishighlyreflectiveofultravioletradiation.”可知，這個術(shù)語很流行，因為雪能高度反射紫外線，所以“...snowcanreflectover80percentoftheUVraysthatfalluponit.”這句話說明雪能反射80%的紫外線，起到承上啟下的作用，故選E。3．解析：根據(jù)后一句話“TelevisionjournalistAndersonCooperexperiencedsnow-freesnow-blindnessfirst-handafewyearsago...”可知，人們在沒有雪的地方也會經(jīng)歷“雪盲”，可見，水和白沙也會反射紫外線，增加了這種風(fēng)險，故選G。4．解析：根據(jù)下句“...sunlampscancausetemporarysnow-blindnessifpropereyeprotectionisnotused.”可知，太陽燈也能造成暫時的“雪盲”，故一些人造的東西也能反射紫外線，故選D。5．解析：此空位于段首，根據(jù)這段的內(nèi)容介紹可知，本段主要介紹了幾種減少“雪盲”發(fā)生的方法，故選F。Ⅲ.語法填空(福建廈門一中檢測)FriendshipDayinIndiafallson__1__firstSundayofAugusteveryyear.Itiscelebratedwithmanyactivities.YoungpeopleinIndiaspendthedaywiththeirclosestfriendsandhave__2__(funny)together.MostyoungstersinIndiaplanamovieorlunchwithfriends.Alargegroupoffriendsmayalsogoonadrivetotouristplacesormakeaplan__3__camping.Somefriendsgotothesupermarketstodosomeshopping.OnFriendshipDaymoststoresofferdiscountedpricesfor__4__(customer)anditistheperfectdaytobuysomethingforfriends.Somefriendsgotoparties__5__(organize)bymanyrestaurantsinordertoattractyoungsters.Suchpartiesareveryenjoyable.Youcangetfoodatadiscountedprice.Somefriendsjustdecidetomeetupatsomeone'shomeandtalkabout__6__(they)happypasttime.Thetimegoodfriendsspend__7__(sit)togetherandtalkingoveracupofcoffeeispreciousand__8__(forget)．Longdistancefriendscallupeachotheronthisday__9__wisheachotherwithwarmfeelings.Someofthemevenplantomeetuponthisparticularday.Yetsomeothersplana__10__(surprise)visitjusttoseetheirfriendgaspinpleasantshock!本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹了“印度友誼日”的相關(guān)情況。1．解析：友誼日是每年八月的第一個星期天，有序數(shù)詞，因此與定冠詞the連用。2．解析：這里說的是年輕人跟最親密的朋友一起，玩得很開心。havefun“玩得開心，過得愉快”，為固定搭配。3．解析：許多朋友可能開車去旅游景點或者指定野營計劃。makeaplanfor“為……制訂計劃”。4．解析：這個句子的主語是stores，商店會降價銷售他們的商品給顧客們。5．解析：一些朋友會參加由許多餐館為了吸引年輕人而組織的聚會。parties與organize之間是動賓關(guān)系，因此需用被動形式，且此處句子已經(jīng)有了謂語，又在此作定語修飾parties，所以用過去分詞短語作后置定語。6．解析：句子的主語為somefriends，且此處作定語修飾time，因此用形容詞性物主代詞。7．解析：句中的goodfriendsspendsittingtogetherandtalkingoveracupofcoffee是定語從句，先行詞為thetime，因此此處是spendtimedoing...的結(jié)構(gòu)。8．解析：依據(jù)語境可知，此處是說時光很寶貴和難忘，因此用unforgettable表示“難忘的”。9．解析：遠(yuǎn)地方的朋友會打電話，祝福彼此，因此為并列關(guān)系，用and連接。10．解析：修飾名詞visit，且作定語，因此用surprising，表示“令人吃驚的”。Ⅳ.短文改錯(山西太原十二中檢測)DearSusan，I'mverygladtohearyouwerecomingtovisitmethenextFriday.Unfortunately,Iwon'tbeabletomeetyouattheairportalthoughIhaveclassesintheafternoon.Youwon'tfinddifficulttogettothecityconcert.Theairportbusleavesevery30minuteandwilltakeyourightlytotheFriendshipHotel.MyclasswillbeoverbythenorIwillpickyouupthere.Iwilltakeyoutogethertoahot-potrestaurantfordinnerandwe'lltalkwithourplanfortheweekendoverdinner.HavingapleasanttripandseeyouonFriday.Yours，ZhangMing答案與解析1．were→are考查時態(tài)。youarecoming用現(xiàn)在進行時表示將來的動作。2．去掉next前面的the考查冠詞。這里不是間接引語，不需要加the。nextFriday“下星期五”。3．a(chǎn)lthough→because考查連詞。此處Ihaveclasses是Iwon'tbeabletomeetyouattheairport的原因。4．find后加it考查動詞后的賓語。it是形式賓語，代替togettothecityconcert。5．minute→minutes考查名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式。minute是可數(shù)名詞，前面有30，故用復(fù)數(shù)。6．rightly→right考查副詞。此處right是副詞，意為“直接地”。rightly意