高考英語(yǔ) 閱讀理解之詞義猜測(cè)題

閱讀理解（詞義猜測(cè)題）刷大題、提能力1.（2023·廣東深圳·高三統(tǒng)考期末）Ontheoutside,12-year-oldLunaseemslikeyouraveragekid.It'snotuntilyougettoknowherthatyoulearnthatLunaisanythingbutaverage.Bomwithaheartdefect(缺陷)calleddextrocardia,Lunahashadthreeopen-heartoperationsandcontinuestopursueherinterestsinartandfashion.ButwhenLunawasapproachedbyathleticshoecompanySauconytodesignashoeforsaleacrossthecountry,itcameasquiteasurprise.“Thisissoincredible.IgottousemyartandcreativityforsomethingnewthatI'dneverthoughtI'dbeabletodesign,“Lunasaid.SheisoneofsixpatientsfromBostonChildren'sHospital(BCH)whohavepartneredwithSauconytodesigntheirownshoetolaunchtheShoeswithSoulcampaign.“Ratherthanjustadonation,wewantedtocreateanexperienceandamomentthatwouldnotonlyraisemoney,butalsoawarenesstohighlightalltheamazingworkthat'sbeingdoneatBCH,“saysChris,Saucony'svicepresident.“Specifically,wewantedtogivesomeoftheBCHkidsanopportunitytosharetheirstoryandtheirtalentswiththeworld.”Luna'sdesignisfashion.uOnthetongue,theydigitalizedoneofmydrawings,andthenonbottomit'sareallybrightpinkcolor,andontheinside,thesoleoftheshoeisactuallyanotherdrawingIdidofasunset,“shesaid."Thinkingaboutkidseverywherearoundtheworldwearingmyshoeisamazing.Itblowsmymind.”TheincomefromtheshoesaleswillbenefittheBostonChildren'sHospitalCardiacFitnessProgram,whichencourageskidsto“findyourpossible"throughpersonalizedexerciseprogramstailoredforeachindividualpatient'sheartcondition.“Itfeelsreallygoodtohelppeopleandit'sreallysomethingIcanrelateto,“saysLuna.“TheadviceIwouldgiveakidorsomeonelikemeisnevergiveup.Therearealotofkidsouttherewithyourconditionandyou'renotalone.”1．WhatcanwelearnfromChris'words?A．It'sunwisetoraisemoney.B．It'soptionaltoseekdonations.C．It'swonderfultostudyart.D．It'snecessarytoshowkids'talents.2．WhatdoesLunameanby“Itblowsmymind"inparagraph5?A．I'moverjoyed. B．['mveryserious.C．Mymindgoesblank. D．Mymindisracing.3．WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesLuna?A．Giftedanddetermined. B．Generousandserious.C．Gratefulandhelpful. D．Creativeandsensitive.4．Whatisthetextmainlyintendedtodo?A．Tellusastoryofadisabledgirl.B．Setagoodexampletothedisabled.C．LaunchSaucony'snewbrandshoes.D．Introduceacampaignwithkidpatients.【答案】1．D2．A3．A4．D【分析】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了一個(gè)有著先天性心臟缺損的12歲孩子Luna沒(méi)有選擇放棄，而是與Saucony公司合作，用自己的藝術(shù)天賦和堅(jiān)持，設(shè)計(jì)出了自己的鞋子，發(fā)起“Shoeswithsoul（有靈魂的鞋子）”活動(dòng)，最終通過(guò)這項(xiàng)活動(dòng)來(lái)幫助其他患有心臟疾病的人。1．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段“Ratherthanjustadonation,wewantedtocreateanexperienceandamomentthatwouldnotonlyraisemoney,butalsoawarenesstohighlightalltheamazingworkthat'sbeingdoneatBCH”（不僅僅是捐款，我們想創(chuàng)造一種體驗(yàn)和時(shí)刻，不僅是為了籌集資金，也是為了讓人們意識(shí)到BCH正在做的所有了不起的工作）和“Specifically,wewantedtogivesomeoftheBCHkidsanopportunitytosharetheirstoryandtheirtalentswiththeworld.”（特別地，我們想給BCH的孩子們一個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)，與世界分享他們的故事和他們的才能。）可知，展示孩子的才能是必要的。故選D。2．詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)文章第五段Luna的話(huà)“Thinkingaboutkidseverywherearoundtheworldwearingmyshoeisamazing.”（想到世界各地的孩子都穿著我的鞋，真是太棒了。）可找到關(guān)鍵詞amazing，表示“驚人的，了不起的”，可知，Luna覺(jué)得若是每個(gè)孩子都能穿上她設(shè)計(jì)的鞋子，是一件令她高興驚喜的事。因此推斷“Itblowsmymind”表明Luna是極為高興的。故選A。3．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段的“continuestopursueherinterestsinartandfashion”（繼續(xù)追求她在藝術(shù)和時(shí)尚方面的興趣）、第三段的“Igottousemyartandcreativityforsomethingnew”（我開(kāi)始用我的藝術(shù)和創(chuàng)造力去做一些新的事情）以及第四段的“sharetheirstoryandtheirtalents”（分享他們的故事和他們的天賦）可以看出Luna是有才華，有天賦的（talented/gifted），又根據(jù)文章第二段“Lunahashadthreeopen-heartoperationsandcontinuestopursueherinterestsinartandfashion.”（Luna做過(guò)三次心臟手術(shù)，并繼續(xù)追求她對(duì)藝術(shù)和時(shí)尚的興趣。）以及最后一段“TheadviceIwouldgiveakidorsomeonelikemeisnevergiveup.”（我給孩子或像我這樣的人的建議是永遠(yuǎn)不要放棄。）可以看出Luna是意志堅(jiān)定的（determined）。故選A。4．主旨大意題。全文圍繞“Luna是如何參與到這個(gè)活動(dòng)的？”“這個(gè)活動(dòng)是什么內(nèi)容？”“活動(dòng)的目的是什么？”以及“活動(dòng)有什么重要意義？”“Luna想通過(guò)這個(gè)活動(dòng)傳遞什么？”來(lái)講述。因此推斷D項(xiàng)：Introduceacampaignwithkidpatients.（介紹一項(xiàng)針對(duì)兒童患者的活動(dòng)）是文章的目的。故選D。2.（2023·吉林長(zhǎng)春·高三階段練習(xí)）Haveyoueverbeenfacedwithtryingtostaypositivewhenothersaroundyouarenegative?Anegativepersoncanbringyoudownandthrowyourpositiveplansoutofthewindow.Whetheryoudealwithafamilymember,friendorco-workerwhoisnegative,therearethingsyoucandotoremainpositiveinthefaceofnegativity?Whateveryoudo,don’targuewithanegativeperson.Arguingonlyaddsfueltothefire.Ihavenoticedwhenmychildrenarecrabby,itisbesttoavoidtryingtoconvincethemtoanalyzeandadjusttheirattitude.AssoonasItaketheapproachofbeinginoppositiontothem,thesituationgetsworsebeforeitgetsbetter.Sometimesthebestthingtodoisremainsilentandletnegativitypass.Youknowhowdifficultitcanbetogiveloveandpositiveattentiontonegativepeople.Unfortunately,thatisoftenexactlywhattheyneed.Anegativepersonisusuallyafraidheisunlovable.Howdoyoushowlovewhensomeoneisnegative?Youmustlistentowhatheistryingtotellyou.Acknowledgethefeelingshehasbysayingsomethinglike,“Yousoundveryangryrightnow.”Howmightyouhelpanegativeperson?Offerahugevenifyougetrejected.Anegativepersonoftenhasdifficultyacceptinglovefromothers.Ifyouhavenegativepeopleonyourlifewhoareaffectingyourmentalandphysicalhealth,youneedtodecidewhetherornotyouwantthesepeopleinyourlife.Somepeoplearesonegativethatyouhavenootherchoicebuttoremovethemfromyourlife.However,somepeople,suchasyourchildren,aredifficulttoremovefromyourlife,inthiscase,professionalcounseling(咨詢(xún))maybetheanswer.5．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“crabby”inPara.2mean?A．Quiteexcited. B．Verylonely.C．Easilyannoyed. D．Highlyoptimistic.6．What’sthemainideaofPara.3?A．Negativepeopleneedcare.B．Negativepeoplemakeushappy..C．Negativepeoplecanbehurteasily.D．Negativepeoplearehardtogetalongwith.7．Whatdoestheauthorsuggestdoing?A．Focusingonpositivethings.B．Tryingtochangenegativethoughts.C．Controllingourownnegativethoughts.D．Stayingawayfromsomenegativepeople.8．Inwhichsectionofamagazinecanwemostprobablyreadthetext?A．Health B．RelationshipsC．Lifestyles D．Entertainment.【答案】5．C6．A7．D8．B【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。作者建議“遠(yuǎn)離一些消極的人?！碑?dāng)你周?chē)娜硕己芟麡O的時(shí)候，你有沒(méi)有試著保持積極?一個(gè)消極的人會(huì)把你打倒，把你的積極計(jì)劃扔出窗外。無(wú)論你面對(duì)的是消極的家人、朋友還是同事，你都可以做些事情來(lái)保持積極的心態(tài)。5．詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)上文Whateveryoudo,don’targuewithanegativeperson.Arguingonlyaddsfueltothefire.可知，不管你做什么，不要和消極的人爭(zhēng)論。爭(zhēng)論只會(huì)添油加醋。因此推斷劃線句意：Ihavenoticedwhenmychildrenarecrabby,itisbesttoavoidtryingtoconvincethemtoanalyzeandadjusttheirattitude.（我注意到，當(dāng)我的孩子脾氣暴躁時(shí)，最好不要試圖說(shuō)服他們?nèi)シ治龊驼{(diào)整自己的態(tài)度。）由此推知?jiǎng)澗€詞的意思是“很容易生氣”。故選C。6．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段中Youknowhowdifficultitcanbetogiveloveandpositiveattentiontonegativepeople.Unfortunately,thatisoftenexactlywhattheyneed.（你知道給予消極的人愛(ài)和積極的關(guān)注是多么困難。不幸的是，這往往正是他們所需要的。）可知第三段講述的是“消極的人需要關(guān)心。”故選A。7．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中Somepeoplearesonegativethatyouhavenootherchoicebuttoremovethemfromyourlife.（有些人是如此消極，以至于你別無(wú)選擇，只能把他們從你的生活中移除。）可知，作者建議“遠(yuǎn)離一些消極的人?！惫蔬xD。8．推理判斷題。根據(jù)全文內(nèi)容可知，本文主要講了如果你周?chē)幸恍┫麡O的人，面對(duì)他們消極的態(tài)度，你如何保持積極的心態(tài)，怎樣去對(duì)待他們。我們最可能在雜志的“人際關(guān)系”欄目閱讀這篇文章。故選B。3.（2023·海南省直轄縣級(jí)·統(tǒng)考一模）GPShascompletelytransformedhowwegetaround.Butotheranimalshavelonghadtheirnavigation(領(lǐng)航)systemsbuiltrightin.“Weknowtheireyesarequitesensitivetopolarized(偏振的)lightandtheskyhasaparticularpatternofpolarizedlightrelativetothepositionofthesun,”BarbaraWebb,aresearcherattheUniversityofEdinburgh,says.Youcanseepolarizedlightfirsthandifyoutakeapairofpolarizedsunglassesandspinthemagainstthesky-thelightpassingthroughtheglasseschanges.Webbsaystheinsectshavepolarizationlikethatbuiltintotheirmanyeyes.“Youcanthinkofitashavinglotsofsunglassespointingindifferentdirections.”ButWebbwascuriouswhetherthere’sreallyenoughinformationintheskytogiveinsectsanaccuratesenseofdirection.Soherteambuiltasensor(傳感器)modeledafteradesertanteyeandputitunderartificiallightmeanttosimulatethesky.Theythenputthatsensorintoamodelmeanttomodelthebrainsofdesertantsandotherinsects.Andtheyfoundthatwiththeinsects’sensingandprocessingequipment,theycanlikelysensedirectiondowntojustacoupledegreesoferror.Asystembasedonthatofinsectscouldsomedaybeacheap,low-energychoicetoGPS.Insectshaveverytinybrains.Abrainthesizeofapinheadthat’susinghardlyanyenergy.Andyetthey’restillabletonavigatebetterthanwecanwithGPS,whichissurprising.Webbisnowworkingonbuildingarobotthatcanuselighttogetitsdirections.9．Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?A．GPSisnotaccurateenough.B．Insectshavebettereyesthanhumans.C．Lightchangespassingthroughpolarizedsunglasses.D．Insectshavetinybrainsthatusenoenergy.10．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“simulate”inparagraph4probablymean?A．Pretend. B．Cover.C．Block. D．See.11．WhatdidWebb’sresearchfind?A．Insectscan’tfindtheirwaysduringnights.B．Insectscanfinddirectionswithlittlemistakes.C．Insectsalwaysmakemistakesfindingdirections.D．Insectshavesensingandprocessingequipmentintheireyes.12．Whichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeinsects’navigationability?A．Disappointing. B．Interesting.C．Amazing. D．Confusing.【答案】9．C10．A11．B12．C【分析】本文是說(shuō)明文。文章告訴我們，研究發(fā)現(xiàn)昆蟲(chóng)擁有與生俱來(lái)的導(dǎo)航能力。9．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章第三段“Youcanseepolarizedlightfirsthandifyoutakeapairofpolarizedsunglassesandspinthemagainstthesky-thelightpassingthroughtheglasseschanges.”可知當(dāng)把一副偏振光太陽(yáng)鏡放在太陽(yáng)底下旋轉(zhuǎn)的時(shí)候，你就能親眼看到偏振光了。光穿過(guò)偏振玻璃的時(shí)候會(huì)發(fā)生改變。選項(xiàng)C意為“光線在穿過(guò)偏振玻璃的時(shí)候會(huì)發(fā)生改變。”符合文意。故選C項(xiàng)。10．詞義猜測(cè)題。文章第四段“Soherteambuiltasensor(傳感器)modeledafteradesertanteyeandputitunderartificiallightmeanttosimulatethesky.”可知，她的團(tuán)隊(duì)模擬沙漠螞蟻的眼睛制作了傳感器，然后把它放到人造光下。人造光是來(lái)模擬天空的。本段Webb在模擬天空和沙漠螞蟻的大腦來(lái)研究天空是如何給予昆蟲(chóng)方向感的。本段一直出現(xiàn)的詞是model即模擬?？赏茢噙@里把人造光源當(dāng)做天空。A項(xiàng)意為“假裝”，符合文意。故選A項(xiàng)。11．推理判斷題。由文章第四段“Andtheyfoundthatwiththeinsects’sensingandprocessingequipment,theycanlikelysensedirectiondowntojustacoupledegreesoferror.”可知他們發(fā)現(xiàn)昆蟲(chóng)通過(guò)自己的感知和處理設(shè)備，可以很好的識(shí)別方向且誤差還比較小。B項(xiàng)意為“昆蟲(chóng)可以找到方向且很少有誤差?！狈衔囊?。故選B項(xiàng)。12．推理判斷題。由文章最后一段“Andyetthey’restillabletonavigatebetterthanwecanwithGPS,whichissurprising.”可知昆蟲(chóng)的導(dǎo)航能力比我們用GPS的導(dǎo)航能力還要好，這一點(diǎn)讓人很驚奇。文章對(duì)動(dòng)物的導(dǎo)航能力是感到驚嘆的。C項(xiàng)符合文意。故選C項(xiàng)。4.（2023·甘肅酒泉·統(tǒng)考三模）Someyearsago,Michel-AndrefoundhimselfstaringatthebodyofadeadwhaleonabeachintheCanaryIslands.Itwasobviousthattheanimalhadbeenstruckviolentlybyaship——butwhy?Onlylater,aftersurveyingthewhaleswhichlivedintheareaandmeasuringtheincreaseofsoundpollutionfromshipsdiditbecomeclearthattherewasalink.Thewhaleshadbecomedesensitisedtothenoiseofapproachingboatsandwerebeingstruckbythem,oftenseriously.“Weneverthoughtthatthiscouldbesomethingthatcouldkill,”recalls(回憶)Andre,whoisthedirectoroftheLaboratoryofAppliedBioacousticsattheTechnicalUniversityofCatalonia,Barcelona.Andrehasspent20yearsdevelopinganadvancedsystemtobetterunderstandwhyincidentslikethishappen.Hisunderwatermicrophoneshaveexposedaworldofdeafeningsoundandanimalcommunicationneverobservedwithsuchclarity(清晰)before.Itwasnotaneasytask.Soundwavesdon'ttravelthroughwaterintheuniform,predictablewaytheydothroughtheair.Instead,thetemperature,salinity(鹽度)and,flowofwaterhavegreateffectsontheirpath.Whatcanbedone?Onesolutionistochangeshippingroutestocourseswhereshipsarestatisticallylesslikelytomeetanimals.It’salsopossibletoslowshipsdownto18km/horless,whichislesslikelytoseriouslyinjureawhale.Asfordealingwiththerootcauseoftheproblem,theUN’sInternationalMaritimeOrganisationhasalreadypublishedguidelinesonhowtoquietenships,butitwillbeawhilebeforetheeffectsofsuchchangesmightbeobserved.“Theoceanisnotourworld,”commentsAndre.Butitisourstolookafter.Andthankstohiswork,wecanbetterunderstandtheeffectsofsubseasoundpollution.13．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“desensitised”inParagraph2mean?A．Stubborn. B．Flexible. C．Dull. D．Friendly.14．What’sonewaytosolvetheproblemaccordingtothetext?A．Tolowerthespeedofships.B．Toreducethenumberofships.C．Tosetuppreservesunderthesea.D．Togivetheinjuredanimalstimelytreatment.15．Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardswhatMichelAndrehasdone?A．Doubtful. B．Disapproving. C．Positive. D．Uncaring.16．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A．Agreatexpert. B．Noiseinthesea.C．Animalsinthesea. D．Seaexplorationtechnology.【答案】13．C14．A15．C16．B【分析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要講述了海底噪音對(duì)海洋生物的影響以及如何降低海底噪音的問(wèn)題。13．詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線詞后的thenoiseofapproachingboatsandwerebeingstruckbythem,oftenseriously可知，鯨魚(yú)被靠近的船只碰撞，因?yàn)樗鼈兛赡苁菍?duì)船只所產(chǎn)生的噪音比較“遲鈍”。故可知?jiǎng)澗€部分單詞意思為“遲鈍的”。A.Stubborn.固執(zhí)的；B.Flexible.靈活的；C.Dull.遲鈍的；D.Friendly.友好的。故選C。14．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段中的It’salsopossibletoslowshipsdownto18km/horless,whichislesslikelytoseriouslyinjureawhale.（也有可能將船只減速到每小時(shí)18公里或更少，這樣就不太可能?chē)?yán)重傷害鯨魚(yú)。）可知，降低船只速度是文中提到的一種解決辦法。故選A。15．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的Andthankstohiswork,wecanbetterunderstandtheeffectsofsubseasoundpollution.（由于他的工作，我們可以更好地了解海底聲音污染的影響。）可知，作者對(duì)MichelAndre所做的工作十分認(rèn)可。故選C。16．主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，文章主要講述了海底噪音對(duì)海洋生物的影響以及如何降低海底噪音的問(wèn)題，故B項(xiàng)最符合文章主旨。5.（2024屆浙江省強(qiáng)基聯(lián)盟高三仿真模擬卷）WilliamLindesay,renownedGreatWallexpertandconservationist,andhiswifeWuQihavetraveledacrosstheglobebythebackpaths,providingtheirsonsJimmyandTommyauniqueenvironmentforpersonalgrowth.Sunhats,backpacks,sneakersandtrekkingpoles—thesearetheday-to-daymust-havesofthefamily.ThisEast-meets-Westcouplestartedtravelingwhiletheiryoungersonwasstillinnappiesin2003.Mostoftheirtrips,mostofwhicharefarfromthehotspotsrecommendedbytravelguidebooks,seemmorerigorousthanleisurely—heritagestudyintheMongoliandeserts,a53-kilometerhikingtourofNewZealand,aone-dayclimbofthreeEnglishsummitsandasix-daytrainridefromBeijingtoMoscow.“Realtravelmaybehard,uncertain,uncomfortable,butthere’safeel-goodfactorwhenyoupassatestofsomekind,”Lindesaywroteinthefamily’snewlypublishedtravelmemoirPagesofDiscovery.Lindesayattachesgreatimportancetolearningoutoftheclassroom,sayingthatchildrenmightscorewellonschooltests,butthatexperienceoftheworldoutside,indistantlands,withdifferentlanguages,scripts,politicalstructures,andreligiousbeliefs,istherealtestingground.Childreninthisinternationalfamilydidnothavethesamepressuretoperformonschooltests,buttheyhad“homework”ontheroad.Wuaskedhersonstowritetraveldiaries,collecttickets,drawmapsandsummarizetraveltips.Shesayssuchhabits,thoughtheymightnotdirectlyimprovetestscores,willpaydividendsinlaterlife.Theseexperiencescertainlyshapedtheirsons’charactersandinfluencedtheirchosenstudyatuniversity.Onereadworldhistory,theotherinternationalrelations.Thetwobrothersalsoshareaninterestinhistoricalmonuments,andtheGreatWallinparticular.Theyarenowplanningtofollowintheirfather’sfootstepswithanew4,500-kmhikeontheGreatWall.“Myparentsviewtheworldasabigclassroom,andmybrotherandIarethebiggestbeneficiaries,”Jimmysays.17．Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheirtripsacrosstheworld?A．Hardandrisky. B．Uniqueyetstressful.C．Challengingandeducational. D．Leisurelyyetrewarding.18．Whatcanweinferaboutthecouplefromthetext?A．Theythinklittleofschooleducation.B．Theybelievetravelprovidesrealeducation.C．Theyasktheirsonstofollowtheircareerpath.D．Theyrequiretheirsonstoperformwellonschooltests.19．Whatdotheunderlinedwords“paydividends”meaninparagraph5?A．Bringadvantages. B．Payaprice.C．Improvescores. D．Makemistakes.20．Whatdoesthefamily’sstorytellus?A．Goodcompanyontheroadistheshortestcut.B．Goodhabitsformedatyouthmakeallthedifference.C．Ajourneyofathousandmilesbeginswithasinglestep.D．Itisbettertotravel10,000milesthantoread10,000books.【答案】17．C18．B19．A20．D【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇記敘文，文章講述了WilliamLindesay是著名的長(zhǎng)城專(zhuān)家和自然環(huán)境保護(hù)主義者，他和妻子帶著孩子走遍世界各地，用實(shí)際行動(dòng)踐行了“讀萬(wàn)卷書(shū)不如行萬(wàn)里路”。17．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中“Mostoftheirtrips,mostofwhicharefarfromthehotspotsrecommendedbytravelguidebooks,seemmorerigorousthanleisurely—heritagestudyintheMongoliandeserts,a53-kilometerhikingtourofNewZealand,aone-dayclimbofthreeEnglishsummitsandasix-daytrainridefromBeijingtoMoscow.(他們的大部分旅行都遠(yuǎn)離旅游指南推薦的熱門(mén)景點(diǎn)，似乎比在蒙古沙漠中學(xué)習(xí)遺產(chǎn)、在新西蘭徒步旅行53公里、在英國(guó)攀登三座山峰一天以及從北京到莫斯科的六天火車(chē)旅行等悠閑的旅行要嚴(yán)格得多)”和第三段中“Realtravelmaybehard,uncertain,uncomfortable(真正的旅行可能是艱難的、不確定的、不舒服的)”可知，他們的很多旅行是具有挑戰(zhàn)性的；根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“Theseexperiencescertainlyshapedtheirsons’charactersandinfluencedtheirchosenstudyatuniversity.Onereadworldhistory,theotherinternationalrelations.Thetwobrothersalsoshareaninterestinhistoricalmonuments,andtheGreatWallinparticular.(這些經(jīng)歷無(wú)疑塑造了他們兒子的性格，并影響了他們選擇在大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)。一個(gè)讀世界歷史，另一個(gè)讀國(guó)際關(guān)系。這兩兄弟還對(duì)歷史遺跡，尤其是長(zhǎng)城很感興趣)”可知，這些旅行經(jīng)歷對(duì)孩子來(lái)說(shuō)有教育意義，故選C。18．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“Lindesayattachesgreatimportancetolearningoutoftheclassroom,sayingthatchildrenmightscorewellonschooltests,butthatexperienceoftheworldoutside,indistantlands,withdifferentlanguages,scripts,politicalstructures,andreligiousbeliefs,istherealtestingground.(Lindesay非常重視課堂外的學(xué)習(xí)，他說(shuō)，孩子們可能在學(xué)?？荚囍腥〉煤贸煽?jī)，但在遙遠(yuǎn)的地方，在不同的語(yǔ)言、文字、政治結(jié)構(gòu)和宗教信仰的外部世界的經(jīng)歷，才是真正的試驗(yàn)場(chǎng))”和第五段中“Wuaskedhersonstowritetraveldiaries,collecttickets,drawmapsandsummarizetraveltips.Shesayssuchhabits,thoughtheymightnotdirectlyimprovetestscores,willpaydividendsinlaterlife.(Wu讓她的兒子們寫(xiě)旅行日記，收集車(chē)票，繪制地圖，總結(jié)旅行小貼士。她說(shuō)，這樣的習(xí)慣雖然可能不會(huì)直接提高考試成績(jī)，但會(huì)在以后的生活中帶來(lái)好處)”可知，這對(duì)夫婦認(rèn)為旅行能提供真正的教育，故選B。19．詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第五段中“Wuaskedhersonstowritetraveldiaries,collecttickets,drawmapsandsummarizetraveltips.(Wu讓她的兒子們寫(xiě)旅行日記，收集車(chē)票，繪制地圖，總結(jié)旅行小貼士)”可知，Wu讓兒子這樣做應(yīng)是對(duì)他們有好處，結(jié)合畫(huà)線詞所在句中“Shesayssuchhabits,thoughtheymightnotdirectlyimprovetestscores(她說(shuō)，這樣的習(xí)慣雖然可能不會(huì)直接提高考試成績(jī))”中though表達(dá)的讓步語(yǔ)氣可知，此處指這樣的習(xí)慣雖然可能不會(huì)直接提高考試成績(jī)，但會(huì)在以后的生活中帶來(lái)好處，paydividends意為“帶來(lái)好處”，故選A。20．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“Lindesayattachesgreatimportancetolearningoutoftheclassroom,sayingthatchildrenmightscorewellonschooltests,butthatexperienceoftheworldoutside,indistantlands,withdifferentlanguages,scripts,politicalstructures,andreligiousbeliefs,istherealtestingground.(Lindesay非常重視課堂外的學(xué)習(xí)，他說(shuō)，孩子們可能在學(xué)校考試中取得好成績(jī)，但在遙遠(yuǎn)的地方，在不同的語(yǔ)言、文字、政治結(jié)構(gòu)和宗教信仰的外部世界的經(jīng)歷，才是真正的試驗(yàn)場(chǎng))”和最后一段中“Myparentsviewtheworldasabigclassroom,andmybrotherandIarethebiggestbeneficiaries(我的父母把世界看作一個(gè)大教室，我和哥哥是最大的受益者)”可知，Lindesay非常重視課堂外的學(xué)習(xí)，讓孩子們?cè)诼眯兄惺芤妫蔬@家人的故事告訴我們“讀萬(wàn)卷書(shū)不如行萬(wàn)里路”，故選D。6.（2023·四川成都·高三成都七中?？伎荚嚕〧orthosewhocanstomachit,workingoutbeforebreakfastmaybemorebeneficialforhealththaneatingfirst,accordingtoastudyofmealtimingandphysicalactivity.Athletesandscientistshavelongknownthatmealtimingaffectsperformance.However,farlesshasbeenknownabouthowmealtimingandexercisemightaffectgeneralhealth.Tofindout,Britishscientistsconductedastudy.Theyfirstfound10overweightandinactivebutotherwisehealthyyoungmen,whoselifestylesare,forbetterandworse,representativeofthoseofmostofus.Theytestedthemen’sfitnessandrestingmetabolic(新陳代謝的)ratesandtooksamples(樣品)oftheirbloodandfattissue.Then,ontwoseparatemorningvisitstothescientists’lab,eachmanwalkedforanhouratanaveragespeedthat,intheory,shouldallowhisbodytorelymainlyonfatforfuel.Beforeoneoftheseworkouts,themenskippedbreakfast,meaningthattheyexercisedonacompletelyemptystomachafteralongovernightfast(禁食).Ontheotheroccasion,theyatearichmorningmealabouttwohoursbeforetheystartedwalking.Justbeforeandanhouraftereachworkout,thescientiststookadditionalsamplesofthemen’sbloodandfattissue.Thentheycomparedthesamples.Therewereconsiderabledifferences.Mostobviously,themendisplayedlowerbloodsugarlevelsatthestartoftheirworkoutswhentheyhadskippedbreakfastthanwhentheyhadeaten.Asaresult,theyburnedmorefatduringwalksonanemptystomachthanwhentheyhadeatenfirst.Ontheotherhand,theyburnedslightlymorecalories(卡路里),onaverage,duringtheworkoutafterbreakfastthanafterfasting.Butitwastheeffectsdeepwithinthefatcellsthatmayhavebeenthemostsignificant,theresearchersfound.Multiplegenesbehaveddifferently,dependingonwhethersomeonehadeatenornotbeforewalking.Manyofthesegenesproduceproteins(蛋白質(zhì))thatcanimprovebloodsugarregulationandinsulin(胰島素)levelsthroughoutthebodyandsoareassociatedwithimprovedmetabolichealth.Thesegenesweremuchmoreactivewhenthemenhadfastedbeforeexercisethanwhentheyhadbreakfasted.Theimplicationoftheseresultsisthattogainthegreatesthealthbenefitsfromexercise,itmaybewisetoskipeatingfirst.21．Theunderlinedexpression“stomachit”inParagraph1mostprobablymeans“______”.A．digestthemealeasily B．managewithoutbreakfastC．decidewiselywhattoeat D．eatwhateverisoffered22．Whywerethe10peoplechosenfortheexperiment?A．Theirlifestylesweretypicalofordinarypeople.B．Theirlackofexerciseledtooverweight.C．Theycouldwalkatanaveragespeed.D．Theyhadslowmetabolicrates.23．Whathappenedtothosewhoatebreakfastbeforeexercise?A．Theysuccessfullylostweight. B．Theyconsumedabitmorecalories.C．Theyburnedmorefatonaverage. D．Theydisplayedhigherinsulinlevels.24．Whatcouldbelearnedfromtheresearch?A．Aworkoutafterbreakfastimprovesgeneperformances.B．Toomuchworkoutoftenslowsmetabolicrates.C．Lifestyleisnotasimportantasmorningexercise.D．Physicalexercisebeforebreakfastisbetterforhealth.【答案】21．B22．A23．B24．D【分析】本文是說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了一項(xiàng)研究，結(jié)果表明對(duì)于那些能忍受的人來(lái)說(shuō)，不吃早餐鍛煉可能對(duì)健康更有益。21．詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)下文workingoutbeforebreakfastmaybemorebeneficialforhealththaneatingfirst可知，早餐前鍛煉可能比先吃飯?jiān)馘憻拰?duì)健康更有益，因此推斷這里說(shuō)的是那些不吃早飯先鍛煉的人，因此推斷劃線詞與B項(xiàng)“不吃早飯能應(yīng)付”意思相近。故選B。22．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的Theyfirstfound10overweightandinactivebutotherwisehealthyyoungmen,whoselifestylesare,forbetterandworse,representativeofthoseofmostofus.可知，他們首先找到了10個(gè)超重的，不活躍但健康的年輕人，他們的生活方式可以說(shuō)更好，也可以說(shuō)更糟，代表了我們大多數(shù)人。因此可知，實(shí)驗(yàn)時(shí)選擇的10個(gè)人的生活方式代表了普通人。故選A。23．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第六段的Asaresult,theyburnedmorefatduringwalksonanemptystomachthanwhentheyhadeatenfirst.Ontheotherhand.theyburnedslightlymorecalories(卡路里),onaverage,duringtheworkoutafterbreakfastthanafterfasting.可知，結(jié)果，他們空腹散步時(shí)燃燒的脂肪比他們首先吃東西時(shí)所燃燒的脂肪要多。另一方面。平均而言，他們?cè)谠绮秃箦憻挄r(shí)燃燒的卡路里略多于禁食后。因此可知，鍛煉前吃早飯消耗更多一點(diǎn)的熱量。故選B。24．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段Theimplicationoftheseresultsisthattogainthegreatesthealthbenefitsfromexercise,itmaybewisetoskipeatingfirst.可知，這些結(jié)果的暗示，為了從運(yùn)動(dòng)中獲得最大的健康益處，先不吃東西可能更明智。因此推斷早飯前的體育鍛煉對(duì)健康更有益。故選D。7.（2023·四川省綿陽(yáng)南山中學(xué)?？奸_(kāi)學(xué)考試）Mymotheralwaystoldme,“Youshouldexploreyourowncountrybeforesteppingoutintotheworld.”However,itseemslikeatoughmissiontotravelallacrossitsexpansivesurfaces.Butluckilyforme,ViaRailCanadaofferedyouthsbetweentheagesof18and25thechancetoridethetrainacrossCanadaforthemonthofJuly.Theticketwasabargain$150.MybestfriendsTrevor,JoelandJeremyandIimmediatelyjumpedattheopportunityandsecuredfourticketsonthegreatCanadianrailroad.Foragroupof20-year-olds,thiswaslikethefirstflightofyoungbirdsfromthenest.Whenweapproachedthetrainstationinthemorning,our22-dayadventurefromSudburytoVancouverwastobegin.Eyesbaggyfromlackofsleep,wejumpedonboardasifitwasthetraintoHogwartsinHarryPotter.Althoughthethoughtofthreefulldaysonthosetrackscoveringcloseto3,000kilometrescrushedourspiritsalittle,whathappenednextcaughtusbysurprise.Thethreedaysonboardturnedintoasummercamponrails.Atnight,wewouldclimbuptheglass-domedtraincar,whichgaveusascenicviewofthestarrynightsky,untouchedbytheharmfullightpollution.Beforeweknewit,thewarmsunraysbeatingdownonourfaceswokeusupforanotherdayontherails.Tomysurprise,aseaofgoldengrainfieldsdominatedthelandscapewewereintheCanadianPrairies.Anotherdayslippedawayandwesetupforanothernightinthedome.Andthistimeweweregreetedbynightskypaintedbyafantasticthunderstorm.Lightningwasstrikingatanincrediblerate.Thespectacularandmemorablelightshowlefteveryoneintheglassbubbleincompletedisbelief.ArrivingintheRockyMountainswasoneofthemostsurrealexperiencesofmylife.Beforethetrainadventure,ifIcouldhaveskippedthetravelandarrivedatthedestination,Iwouldhave.Thatisnolongertrue.I’velearnedthatthejourneycanbemoreenjoyablethanthedestination.25．Whathasmadetheauthor’strainadventureacrossCanadaareality?A．Theencouragementgivenbyhismother. B．Theappealofthescenicviewsinthecountry.C．ThediscountticketofferedbyViaRailCanada. D．Hisgreatcouragetochallengeatoughmission.26．WhatcanweinferabouttheyoungpeoplefromParagraph2?A．Theywereexcitedaboutthecomingtrainjourney.B．Theylefttheirparentsforthefirsttimeintheirlife.C．Theyneverthoughtofhavingatrainadventure.D．TheywerehookedbythemagicstoryofHarryPotter.27．Whatdoes“theglassbubble”inthefourthparagraphreferto?A．Abraininlackofimagination. B．Theglass-domedtraincar.C．Asummercamponthetrain. D．Thesightseeingbus.28．WhatdidtheauthorlearnfromthetrainadventureacrossCanada?A．Opportunitiesarehardtoget. B．Enjoyingajourneycountsalot.C．Splendidsceneryattractsyoungpeople. D．Thetravelingexperienceisnotrealtohim.【答案】25．C26．A27．B28．B【分析】這是一篇記敘文。主要記敘了作者和朋友乘坐火車(chē)穿越加拿大的經(jīng)歷，描述了他們?cè)诼吠局械乃?jiàn)所聞和感受。25．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中However,itseemslikeatoughmissiontotravelallacrossitsexpansivesurfaces.Butluckilyforme,ViaRailCanadaofferedyouthsbetweentheagesof18and25thechancetoridethetrainacrossCanadaforthemonthofJuly.Theticketwasabargain$150.可知然而，穿越它廣闊的表面似乎是一項(xiàng)艱巨的任務(wù)。但對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)幸運(yùn)的是，ViaRailCanada為18至25歲的年輕人提供了在7月份乘坐火車(chē)穿越加拿大的機(jī)會(huì)。票價(jià)便宜到150美元。由此可知，是加拿大Via鐵路公司提供的折扣票讓作者穿越加拿大的火車(chē)冒險(xiǎn)變成了現(xiàn)實(shí)。故選C。26．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中Foragroupof20-year-olds,thiswaslikethefirstflightofyoungbirdsfromthenest.Whenweapproachedthetrainstationinthemorning,our22-dayadventurefromSudburytoVancouverwastobegin.Eyesbaggyfromlackofsleep,wejumpedonboardasifitwasthetraintoHogwar