高一語法總結(jié)

高一英語必修一、二【北師大版】語法匯總定語從句

1.定語從句的結(jié)構(gòu)及理解

2.定語從句的關(guān)系詞的使用

3.定語從句的簡化表達(dá)知識(shí)總結(jié)歸納

（一）定語從句的結(jié)構(gòu)：在復(fù)合句中，修飾某個(gè)名詞或代詞的句子（做這個(gè)名詞或代詞的定語）叫定語從句，定語從句一般放在被修飾的名詞或代詞后面，被修飾的名詞或代詞叫做定語從句的先行詞，它與定語從句之間要有一個(gè)詞連接，這個(gè)詞指代先行詞的內(nèi)容叫做關(guān)系詞（關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞：that,which,who,whose,when,where,why）。先行詞在定語從句中充當(dāng)主語，賓語，時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)，原因狀語。

結(jié)構(gòu)：先行詞+關(guān)系詞+定語從句。

1.Thereshesawawallofwaterthatwasquicklyadvancingtowardsher.

2.InJapan,someonewhoseesanotherpersonmakingthegesturewillthinkitmeansmoney.

3.Athemeparkisacollectionofrides,exhibitionsorotherattractionsthatarebasedonacommontheme.

4.TheparkhasaconservationcenterthathelpsprotectmarineanimalsandtheirhabitatsintheriversandcoastalwatersofAsia.

5.Visitorscangoonexcitingrideswheretheycanfeelwhatitisliketodothethingstheyhaveseentheirheroesdointhemovie.

6.OprahWinfreyisablackwomanwhoserisetofameisaninspiringstory.（二）定語從句分為限定性定語從句和非限定性定語從句：

限定性定語從句：從句對(duì)先行詞進(jìn)行必要的描述或說明，缺少它，則句義顯得不完整，從句與先行詞緊密相連。

非限定性定語從句：對(duì)先行詞進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說明，解釋，它與先行詞之間有逗號(hào)隔開。

1.Beforeshecouldmove,sheheardaloudnoise,whichgrewtoaterribleroar.

2.Treeaftertreewentdown,cutdownbythewater,whichmusthavebeenthreemetersdeep.

3.Flora,whosebeautifulhairanddresswereallcoldandwet,startedcrying.

4.Theirtalkincludesrhythmandrhymingwordsaswellastonguetwisters,whichoftenmaketheaudienceapplaud.（三）關(guān)系詞前面可以根據(jù)定語從句的內(nèi)容加上一些介詞，這些關(guān)系詞在介詞后面常用which或whom.

1.TherewasamanwithwhomIwouldhavetoworktogetherandfinallythemanagerofthecompany.

2.Manypeoplewhosawthefilmwereafraidtoswimintheseawhentheyrememberedthescenesinwhichpeoplewereeatenbytheshark.知識(shí)重點(diǎn)與難點(diǎn)

（一）當(dāng)先行詞有最高級(jí)，序數(shù)詞修飾，是不定代詞，或是all,no,only等形式時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞一般用that，而不能用which。

1.TheTitanicwasthelargestshipthathadeverbeenbuiltatthattime.

2.Thereisonethingthatkeepsworryingme.（二）當(dāng)先行詞是表示時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)，原因的詞時(shí)，關(guān)系詞用when,where,why還有which,that

1.I’mverygladtoreturntomyhometownwhereIhadlivedfor10years.

2.ThisismyhometownwhichIusedtotalkabouttoyou.

3.IthinkIcanunderstandthereasonwhyhedidn’ttellthetruthtome.

4.Noonebelievesthereasonthathegaveusabouthisabsenceatthemeeting.PPT中關(guān)于定語從句有詳細(xì)解釋（三）定語從句的簡化表達(dá)：

1.ThemanwhoissittingontheplatformisaprofessorfromWuhanUniversity.

2.Theletterthatwasmailedlastnightwillreachhimtomorrow.

3.Thequestionthatisbeingdiscussedisveryimportant.

4.Youarewelcometoapartytobegiveninourclassat7:45.

說明：以上的定語從句部分可以用更加簡單的非謂語形式表達(dá)出來：

1.ThemansittingontheplatformisaprofessorfromWuhanUniversity.

2.Thelettermailedlastnightwillreachhimtomorrow.

3.Thequestionbeingdiscussedisveryimportant.

4.Youarewelcometoapartytobegiveninourclassat7:45.

說明：修飾一個(gè)名詞除了后面用定語從句以外，還可以用非謂語動(dòng)詞形式：doing短語，done短語，beingdone短語，tobedone短語修飾。其結(jié)構(gòu)和意思如下：

1.被修飾名詞+doing短語：正在做….的人/正在發(fā)生的事。

2.被修飾名詞+done短語：被…..的人/事

3.被修飾名詞+beingdone短語：正在被…..的人/事

4.被修飾名詞+tobedone短語：將要被…..的人/事

（1）Doyouknowthemantalkingtomysister?

（2）The“crazy”gesture,movingtheindexfingerinacircleinfrontoftheear,means“youhaveaphonecall”inBrazil.

（3）Didyouseethatcarbeingrepaired?

（4）Inacamera,thelensmustbefocusedontheobjecttobephotographed.

（5）Thestudentstoattendthemeetingwillarriveheretomorrow.

（6）GoodsimportedfromabroadarenotalwaysbetterthanthosemadeinChina.

（7）TheYellowRiver,saidtobe“themotherriver”runsacrossChinalikeahugedragon.

總結(jié)：以上做定語的那些短語就是英語語法中所說的分詞，不定式的各種形式作定語。

1.這些短語作定語應(yīng)放在被修飾名詞的后面。如果單獨(dú)一個(gè)V-ing或V-ed形式作定語，則可以放在被修飾名詞前面。

2.分詞作定語時(shí)，其動(dòng)作應(yīng)與全句動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。V-ing表示主動(dòng)意義和正在做，V-ed表示被動(dòng)意義。beingdone表示正在被做的

3.不定式作定語表示將要發(fā)生的，tobedone表示將要被做的

【典型例題】

[例1]Friendshipisneededbyall,_____playsanimportantroleinpeople’slives.

A.whichB.thatC.whoD.it

分析：_____playsanimportantroleinpeople’slives為非限定性定語從句修飾先行詞Friendship用which連接定語從句。

答案：A[例2]UncleLi_____Iworkedthreeyearsagohasretirednow.

A.whoB.whomC.withwhomD.towhom

分析：_____Iworkedthreeyearsago作為定語從句修飾先行詞UncleLi，從句完整的表達(dá)是：IworkedwithUncleLithreeyearsago.所以關(guān)系詞前應(yīng)加上介詞with。

答案：C[例3]Isthisthereason_____atthemeetingforhiscarelessnessinhiswork?

A.heexplainedB.whatheexplainedC.howheexplainedD.whyheexplained

分析：定語從句_____atthemeetingforhiscarelessnessinhiswork修飾先行詞thereason指“他在會(huì)上就他工作中的粗心解釋的原因。先行詞在從句中做賓語。

答案：A[例4]Teachers,_____workisratherhard,arebeingbetterpaidthanbefore.

A.whoB.thatC.whichD.whose

分析：非限定性定語從句_____workisratherhard修飾先行詞teachers,它與從句中的work是從屬關(guān)系，關(guān)系詞用whose

答案：D[例5]TheOlympicGames,_____in776BC,didn’tincludedwomenplayersuntil1912.

A.firstplayingB.tobefirstplayed

C.firstplayedD.tobefirstplaying

分析：公元前776年被首次舉行的奧運(yùn)會(huì)，直到1912年才容納女運(yùn)動(dòng)員。_____in776BC做定語修飾TheOlympicGames，指過去的內(nèi)容，表示被動(dòng)。用done做定語。

答案：C[例6]Thehouses_____fortheteachersandtheconstructionworkwillstartsoon.

A.builtB.tobebuiltC.tobuildD.beingbuilt

分析：根據(jù)句意房子即將開工。_____fortheteachersandtheconstructionwork修飾Thehouses應(yīng)為ThehousesThehouses將要為教師和施工修建的房子。

答案：B[例7]Howmanyofus_____,ameetingthatisnotimportanttouswouldbeinterestedinthediscussion?

A.attendedB.attendingC.toattendD.haveattended

分析：根據(jù)句意：比如說，我們當(dāng)中參加一個(gè)對(duì)我們毫不重要的會(huì)議的人會(huì)有多少人對(duì)這個(gè)討論感興趣呢？_____,say,ameetingthatisnotimportanttous修飾Howmanyofus做定語。與全句動(dòng)作同步.

答案：B[例8]Shehasthreechildren,_____isworkinginAustralia.

A.whoB.oneofwhomC.oneofthemD.noneofthem

分析：非限定性定語從句__isworkinginAustralia修飾先行詞threechildren，根據(jù)從句中的is判斷，是說：三個(gè)孩子中的一個(gè)在澳大利亞工作。

答案：B【模擬試題】

1.Susanistheverygirl_____thegooddeed.

A.whomIthinkdidB.whomIthinkshedid

C.whoIthinkdidD.Ithinkwhodid

2.Luckily,thepoorboyhadenoughmoney_____hecouldbuyatrainticket.

A.bywhichB.onwhichC.withwhichD.forwhich

3.Thebook_____hedevotedmuchtimeistocomeoutnextmonth.

A.whereB.whichC.towhichD.onwhich

4.Thedaycamefinally_____Iwasgivenanopportunitytoactintheplay.

A.whenB.inthatC.whichD.inwhich

5.1.Don’tyouthinkthequestion_____tomorrowisofgreatimportance.

A.beingdiscussedB.discussed

C.tobediscussedD.todiscuss

6.Thefood_____atthemomentisforthedinnerparty.

A.cookedB.tobecookedC.isbeingcookedD.beingcooked

7.Doyouknowtheteacher_____underthebigtree?

A.readB.readsC.readingD.beingread【試題答案】

1.CSusan正是我認(rèn)為作了好事的那位女孩。先行詞theverygirl在從句中做think的賓語，同時(shí)又是后面賓語從句didthegooddeed.的主語，所以關(guān)系詞不能用whom

2.C定語從句_____hecouldbuyatrainticket.修飾先行詞money：用這筆錢買火車票。關(guān)系詞前面需要加介詞：with

3.C定語從句_____hedevotedmuchtime意思是：他把大量的時(shí)間都投入在這本書上了。devote….tosth.關(guān)系詞前加介詞：to

4.A定語從句_____Iwasgivenanopportunitytoactintheplay修飾先行詞theday：先行詞theday在從句中做時(shí)間狀語：在這一天我得到了扮演一個(gè)角色的機(jī)會(huì)。

5.C短語_____tomorrow做定語修飾thequestion，根據(jù)表達(dá)的內(nèi)容：明天即將被討論的問題。應(yīng)當(dāng)用不定式的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)做定語。

6.D短語_____atthemoment做thefood的定語,表示：正在做的食物。Beingdone做定語表示：正在被……的……。

7.C現(xiàn)在分詞短語readingunderthebigtree做定語修飾theteacher表示：正在大樹下看書的那位老師。

情態(tài)動(dòng)詞1.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的推測表達(dá)

2.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表達(dá)虛擬語氣

3.某些情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的特殊用法知識(shí)重點(diǎn)與難點(diǎn)總結(jié)

知識(shí)重點(diǎn)：

情態(tài)動(dòng)詞在表達(dá)推測意義的句子中的運(yùn)用：

（一）用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表達(dá)事實(shí)的推測。can，could，might，may，must可以用來表達(dá)對(duì)事實(shí)的推測。根據(jù)說話人對(duì)事實(shí)的把握性大小，must表示“肯定…”，may/might/can/could表示“可能……”，must只用于肯定句中，may/might的否定式maynot/mightnot表示“可能不……”,而can/could可以用于疑問句，表示“可能，可能……嗎?”，其否定式can’t/couldn’t表示“不可能”。用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞可以對(duì)現(xiàn)在或過去的事實(shí)進(jìn)行推測。對(duì)不同的時(shí)間內(nèi)容推測有不同的結(jié)構(gòu)。（二）對(duì)現(xiàn)在的事實(shí)進(jìn)行推測：

主要結(jié)構(gòu)：…must/may/might+動(dòng)詞原形

be+名詞/形容詞/介詞短語

be+doing

例句：

1.YoumustbeJeanne.I’mMathildeLoisel.Weusedtoknoweachotherverywell.

2.Theymustbeinbedalreadyatthistimeofthenight.

3.Theteachermustbejoking.

4.Fredaisn’tinclass.Shemustbesick.

5.Theremustbesomethingwrong.

6.Shemightbeveryclever,butshehasn’tgotmuchcommonsense.

7.Hemaybearrivingthisevening.

8.Hemaybetravelingaroundtheworld.

9.Thekeyscan’tbeintheroom.Ihavejustsearcheditverycarefully.

10.Canthenewsbetrue?（三）對(duì)過去的事實(shí)進(jìn)行推測：結(jié)構(gòu)：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+havedone/been+名詞/形容詞/介詞短語

例句：

1.Mrs.Longmansmusthavebeenaprettygirlinheryouth.

2.Hecouldn’thaveseenAnnayesterday.She’sgoneabroad.

3.IthinkImusthaveleftmyglassesinthelibrary.

4.Hemighthaveoversleptagain.

5.WherecanTomhavegone?

情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表達(dá)虛擬語氣：表達(dá)“本來…”，“不然早就…”。這是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的一種虛擬語氣用法。表示說話人所講的與所發(fā)生的事實(shí)相反。表達(dá)了說話人的埋怨，后悔的語氣。其結(jié)構(gòu)是在一些情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面加havedone結(jié)構(gòu)。根據(jù)要表達(dá)的意思，有如下結(jié)構(gòu)：

shouldhavedone/oughttohavedone：本應(yīng)該……

shouldn’thavedone/oughtn’ttohavedone：本不該……

couldhavedone：本來可以……

needn’thavedone：本來沒必要……

wouldliketohavedone：本來很想……

wouldrathernothavedone:本來不愿意……

could/might/havedone:不然早就……

例句：

1.Youshouldn’thavelaughedathismistakes.

2.Youcouldhavetoldusearlier.

3.Ioughttohaveboughtthatdictionarylastweek.

4.Yououghtnottohavespentsomuchtimeinreadingnovels.

5.Weneednothavebeeninatearinghurrytocatchthetrain.

6.Theywouldliketohaveseenthatfilmlastfilm.

7.Ifhehadgivenmehisnumber,Icouldhavetelephonedhim.

8.Theymighthavebeenfrozentodeathbutfortherescueintime.知識(shí)難點(diǎn)：

某些情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的特殊用法：

need和dare的兩種形式的用法

need和dare可以用做實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，后面接不定式（todo）結(jié)構(gòu)，在疑問句和否定句中，加助動(dòng)詞do/does/did/或don’t/doesn’t/didn’t。作為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞使用時(shí)，主要用于疑問句和否定句中。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞needn’t（沒有必要，不必）相當(dāng)于don’thaveto

例句：

1.Itiscold,youneedtowearsomewarmclothes.

2.NeedIstayherewithyouforawhile?Thankyou,youneedn’t.

3.Howdareyouspeaktoparentslikethat?

注意：

句型Idaresay+從句。意思是：我肯定……=I’msure或Thereisnodoubtthat+從句。

例句：

IdaresaythatmyunclewillgetthemoneyifIdie.

will和would

表示“意志”或“愿意”，would則指過去愿意做……

例句：

1.Hesaidthathewouldhelpus.

2.Youmaytelephoneifyouwillacceptthisjob.

would可以表達(dá)“過去習(xí)慣做……”類似于“usedtodo”

例句：

1.Whenwewerechildren,wewouldgoswimmingeverysummerinthatriver.

表示請(qǐng)求，固定的句型：Will/Wouldyoupleasedo…?/Wouldyouliketodo…?

例句：Will/Wouldyoupleasegivehimamessagewhenyouseehim?

shall

1.用于第一，三人稱，表示“請(qǐng)求”；“建議”或“推薦”

例句：

1.Shallwestartthemeetingnow?

2.ShallIwatchTVnow?

3.Shallmysoncarrythecaseforyou?

2.用于第二人稱，表示“命令，“要求”，“許諾”

例句：

1.Youshalltakewhateveryoulike.

2.Youshallnotgotothepartywithmeifyoumakesomuchnoiseagain.

在表示推測的否定句或疑問句中，常用can/can’t/could/couldn’t表示，意思是：“可能…嗎?”；“…不可能…”。而不能使用mustn’t或must等詞。【典型例題】

1.—Doyouthinkhewilldomeafavor?

—AsfarasIknow,heisthelastonetohelpothers.He_____bepreparedtogiveyouahand,though.

A.mightB.mustC.canD.should

分析：本題考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞推測性用法。根據(jù)heisthelastonetohelpothers.（他是最不可能幫助別人的人），既然如此，那么“幫助你”的可能性也就最小了。答案為A

2.—Look,someoneiscoming.Guesswhoit____be?

—Ithinkit___beTom.

—Idon’tthinkit___be____.

A.can;must;can;heB.may;can;must;him

C.must;can;must;hisD.might;must;can;himself

分析：根據(jù)備選答案。can表示推測時(shí)用于疑問句或否定句中。本題首句就應(yīng)該是Guesswhocanitbe?第二句應(yīng)該是IthinkitmustbeTom.（說話人十分肯定）。第三句表達(dá)了說話人對(duì)前一個(gè)人的否定。即：Idon’tthinkitcanbehim/he.（不可能是他）。答案為A

3.—DoyouknowMs.Wanglikeswalkingaftersupper?

—Sure.She____aroundthecampusnow.

A.mustbewalkingB.mustwalk

C.maywalkD.maybewalking

分析：關(guān)鍵詞Sure告訴我們說話人的口氣十分肯定。根據(jù)句子語境：她此刻肯定正在校園散步呢。mustbedoing表示肯定正在做。答案為A

4.—IstayedatahotelinNewYork.

—Oh,didyou?You_____withBarbara.

A.couldhavestayedB.couldstayC.wouldsayD.musthavestayed

分析：首句說：我在紐約住在一家賓館里。在此ahotel是泛指。所以D選項(xiàng)不合題意。第二句在說：你本來可以和Barbara.住在一起的。Couldhavedone表示：本來可以。答案為A

5.Whydidn’tyoutellmetherewasnomeetingtoday?I_____allthewayherethroughtheheavysnow.

A.needn’thavedrivenB.can’thavedriven

C.mustn’thavedrivenD.shouldn’thavedriven

分析：根據(jù)句意：你為什么不告訴我今天沒有會(huì)？我本來沒必要冒著大雪開車跑這么多路。Needn’thavedone表示本來沒必要。答案為A

6.Iwasreallyanxiousaboutyou.You_____homewithoutaword.

A.mustn’tleaveB.shouldn’thaveleft

C.couldn’thaveleftD.needn’tleave

分析：根據(jù)句意：我真的很擔(dān)心你，你真不應(yīng)該一句話都不說就離開家。“離開家”已經(jīng)發(fā)生了。Shouldhavedone正好表達(dá)了本句的意思。答案為B

7.A：AreyoucomingtoJeff’sparty?

B：I’mnotsure.I_____gototheconcertinstead.

A.mustB.wouldC.shouldD.might

分析：根據(jù)B的回答：我不一定去，我有可能去聽音樂會(huì)。Might表示推測：可能。答案為D

8.A：Ipromisethatshe____getanicepresentonherbirthday.

B：Willitbeabigsurprisetoher?

A.shouldB.mustC.wouldD.shall

分析：A說：“我答應(yīng)她在生日聚會(huì)上她會(huì)得到一份生日禮物。shall表示許諾。答案為D高一英語語法復(fù)習(xí)試卷（北師大版）1.Hisparentswouldn’tlethimmarryanyone______familywaspoor.A.ofwhomB.whomC.ofwhoseD.whose2.Sheheardaterriblenoise,_______broughtherheartintohermouth.A.itB.whichC.thisD.that3.Inthedarkstreet,therewasn’tasingleperson_____shecouldturnforhelp.A.thatB.whoC.fromwhomD.towhom4.Hemadeanotherwonderfuldiscovery,____ofgreatimportancetoscience.A.whichIthinkisB.whichIthinkitisC.whichIthinkitD.Ithinkwhichis5.AfterlivinginParisforfiftyyearshereturnedtothesmalltown____hegrewupasachild.A.whichB.whereC.thatD.when6.Ihadneitheraraincoatnoranumbrella._______Igotwetthrough.A.It’sthereasonB.That’swhyC.There’swhyD.It’show7.Onthewallhungapicture,_____colorisblue.A.whoseB.ofwhichC.whichD.its8.Heistheonlyoneofthethree_____gotthenewidea.A.whohave B.whomhaveC.whohas D.whosehad9.----Howaboutthegames?----Veryinteresting,andtheones_________theyoungmencompetedwerereallyexciting.A.whatB.forwhomC.whereD.inwhich10.Thehouse_______thecapitalistusedtoliveinisnowanursery.A.thatB.whereC.whatD.when11.Goandgetyourcoat.It's_______youleftit.A.there B.where C.therewere D.wherethere12.Fathermadeapromise_______Ipassedtheexaminationhewouldbuymeabicycle.A.that B.if C.whether D.thatif13.WhatIwanttoknowis______helikesthegiftgivenbyus.A.that B.if C.whether D.不填14.Hewantedtomakesure__________.A.howwewenttherebybus B.wheredidwegoC.whatdidwegothere D.whenwewentthere15._____theywonthegamewas______wehadexpected.A.That;which B.Whether;that C.What;that D.That;what16.Thatis____papercameintouseinChina.A.how B.that C.what D.which17.Itlooks____weshallhavetodotheworkourselves.A.that B.like C.seeming D.asthough18.____isnotknownyet.A.Whenshehasgone B.WhereshehasgoneC.Howdidsheleave D.Whydidshego19.Hissuggestion____toseetheexhibitioninterestedeveryoneofus.A.thatwego B.whichweshouldgoC.thatwewouldgo D.whenweshouldgo20.I’vegottomake____hetoldalie.A.thatclear B.itclearthat C.quiteclear D.thisclearthat21.Iremember_______thisusedtobeaquietvillage.A.how B.when C.where D.what22．_____eitherheorItoleaveforAmerica?A.IsB.AmC.AreD.Will23.Noonehasfinishedhishomework,________?A.havetheyB.haven’ttheyC.hasheD.hasn’the24.Eachsoldierandsailor_____givenariflewhentheshiplanded.A.wereB.wasC.areD.is25.Morethanoneperson_____involvedinthcase.A.isB.areC.hasD.have26.Heisateacherbuthiswifeisadoctor,_______?A.isn’tsheB.isn’titC.aren’ttheyD.isn’the27.ItoldSallyhowtogethere,butperhapsI________forher.A.hadtowriteitoutB.musthavewrittenitoutC.shouldhavewrittenitoutD.oughttowriteitout28.－CanIhelpyou,sir?－Yes,Iboughtthisradiohereyesterday,butit______.A.didn’tworkB.couldn’tworkC.can’tworkD.doesn’twork29.－ShallItellJohnaboutit?－No,you_________.I’vetoldhimalready.A.needn’tB.wouldn’tC.mustn’tD.shoudn’t30.Whereismypen?I_____it.A.shouldhavelostB.musthavelostC.wouldhavelostD.mightlose31.－Whydidn’tyouanswerwhenIcalledyou?－I_____butyoudidn’thearme.A.hadtoB.couldn’tC.didn’tanswerD.did32.He_____therenow,butIamnotsure.A.maybeB.maybeC.mayhavebeenD.mighthavebeen33.Theflowerisdead.I_____itmorewater.A.willgiveB.mustgiveC.shouldhavegivenD.wouldhavegiven34.－DoesTomwanttogotothefilm?－Yes,buthesays_____tonight.A.he’dnotrathergoB.he’llrathernotgoC.hewon’trathergoD.he’drathernotgo35.－MustItakeataxi?－No,you_____.Youcanwalkfromhere.A.don’tB.mustnotC.don’thavetoD.hadbetternotto36.Therestofthelecture_____interesting.A.isB.areD.maybeD.sound37.Oneandahalfbananas____eatenbythelittleboy.A.wereB.was