初高中英語銜接語法句子成分和基本句型

句子成分與基本句型課堂引入Class-Leading句式成分01難度：★★★☆☆I(lǐng)loveyou.主語謂語賓語舉個例子知識講解組成句子的各個部分叫句子成分。根據(jù)各部分在句子中所起的作用，可以把句子分為主語、謂語、賓語、表語、定語、狀語和賓語補足語等。主語：句子所陳述的對象。e.g.Shesmiles.主語為shee.g.Iamastudent.主語為Ie.g.Helikesplayingfootball.主語為He謂語：主語所發(fā)出的動作。一般是有動作意義的動詞（即實義動詞）。e.g.Hewenttoschool.謂語為went（原形為go）e.g.Iwantagift.謂語為wante.g.Shecried.謂語為cried（原形為cry）賓語：分為動詞賓語和介詞賓語，屬于動作的承受者。e.g.ShelikesEnglish.賓語為Englishe.g.Iwantagift.賓語為agifte.g.Hewaswaitingforagirl.賓語為agirl知識講解三大基本成分主語：句子所陳述的對象。e.g.Shesmiles.主語為shee.g.MyEnglishteachersteppedintotheclassroom.主語為MyEnglishteachere.g.Zeroisanumberwhichmeansnothing.主語為Zeroe.g.Playingtheviolinisnotashardasyouthink.主語為Playingthevioline.g.It'sverynicetomeetyou.主語為tomeete.g.（必修一Unit4Section1）Whatweseeonsocialmediaisofennotthewholetruthaboutaperson.主語為Whatweseeonsocialmedia知識講解通常用名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、v-ing、動詞不定式或從句等充當，多位于句首謂語：主語所發(fā)出的動作。一般是有動作意義的動詞（即實義動詞）。e.g.Hewenttoschool.謂語為went（原形為go）e.g.Iwantagift.謂語為wante.g.Shecried.謂語為cried（原形為cry）知識講解通常用行為動詞（短語）等充當，位于主語之后賓語：分為動詞賓語和介詞賓語，屬于動作的承受者。e.g.ShelikesEnglish.賓語為Englishe.g.Iwantagift.賓語為agifte.g.Hewaswaitingforagirl.賓語為agirle.g.Idecidedtoseeamovietodo不定式作賓語e.g.Heenjoysreading.動詞ing作賓語知識講解通常用名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、動詞不定式（短語）、v-ing（短語）、句子等充當，位于及物動詞或介詞之后例題1下列選項中可以作為主語的是（）A.ThegirlwhocalledLilyB.HeC.ThebusD.TomE.WhatIsaytoyou√ABCDE例題2分析下面句子成分1.Ireplied.主語是____________，謂語是_____________。2.Isawawhite-hairedman.主語是________，謂語是________，賓語是________________。3.Wehadallintroducedourselves.主語是_________，謂語是__________，賓語是____________IrepliedIsawwhite-hairedmanweintroducedourselves變式1對下面句子成分的分析，不正確的是（）Cookinguptogethergivesusachancetorelaxandcatchuponeachother'sdays.A.Cookinguptogether是本句的主語B.gives是本句的謂語C.us和achance是本句的賓語D.catchup是本句的謂語D變式2下面劃線處為賓語的是（）A,Formom,apersonwhogivesuslife.IwanttosayThankyou!B.Thehousewherehelivesisneartheriver.C.Shesaysthatshewillhavetoclosetheshop.D.Youcanpayweeklyormonthly.(多選)AC謂語：主語所發(fā)出的動作。一般是有動作意義的動詞（即實義動詞）。e.g.Hewenttoschool.謂語為went（原形為go）e.g.Iwantagift.謂語為wante.g.Shecried.謂語為cried（原形為cry）知識講解謂語、賓語的種類簡單謂語He

writes

alettertoagirl.Idecided

toexploreabit.復(fù)合謂語Mymomislookingthroughthenewspaper.Youshouldkeepitnexttoyoursoul.知識講解簡單謂語He

writes

alettertoagirl.Idecided

toexploreabit.由行為動詞或行為動詞短語構(gòu)成知識講解復(fù)合謂語Mymomislookingthroughthenewspaper.Youshouldkeepitnexttoyoursoul.（歌曲MountainTop)由“情態(tài)動詞或助動詞+行為動詞”構(gòu)成除了基本式do外，bedoing,havedone,havebeendoing,bedone,willdo,情態(tài)動詞+do整體都是謂語知識講解復(fù)合謂語Thefilmisinteresting.Sheisaseniorhighschoolstudent.由“（連）系動詞+表語”構(gòu)成補充找出下面是系動詞+表語的復(fù)合謂語形式1.Byday,RobertTittertonisalawyer.2.Fifteenyearsago,Itookasummervacation.3.Hewasaquietmanwhorarelyshowedaffection.4.Iseeyourmonsters,Iseeyourpain.5.Applepiesoundsnice.沒錯，你懵了知識講解表語：緊跟系動詞后面的成分。e.g.Ithasbecomeacommonpracticetopaytips.e.g.Thebiggestobstacleisnervous.e.g.ThetroubleisthatIarguedwithher.四種補充成分由名詞、代詞、形容詞、數(shù)詞、副詞、介詞短語、動詞不定式（短語）、v-ing（短語）、分詞或從句等充當，位于系動詞后。沒錯，你又懵了知識講解五種基本句式（連）系動詞：說明主語的性質(zhì)、特征、品性或狀態(tài)，起連接作用。我好像悟了知識講解五種基本句式常見的系動詞1.Be動詞Youareagreatswimmer.2.感官動詞Whatbeautifulflowers!Andtheysmellnicetoo.如be/am/is/are/was/were如look（看起來）、sound（聽起來）、smell（聞起來）、taste（嘗起來）、feel（摸起來、感覺）3.變化類動詞Itgetswarmerandwarmer,andthedaysgetlongerandlonger.如become,come,fall,get,go,grow,turn知識講解五種基本句式4.保持類動詞Theclassroomkeepsquietforafewminutes.如keep,remain,stay知識講解五種基本句式5.好像類動詞(電影HarryPotterandtheDeathlyHallowsPart2)Itseems,despiteyourexhaustivedefensivestrategies,youstillhaveabitofasecurityproblem,headmaster.如seem,appear(歌曲Sparkle)(It)Seemsliketheworld'sstilltryingtotameme.6.證明類動詞Thisprovesnothing.如prove，turnout我悟了知識講解四種補充成分定語：修飾限制名詞或代詞。Heisahandsomeman.定語為handsomeHelloWorldisaloveanimation.定語為loveIwanttoknowthedifferencebetweenspokenEnglishandwrittenEnglish定語為spoken和writtenThebestmoviewhichisdirectedbyJiaLingisHi,Mom.定語是________________________想不到吧...給你留一手...一般由形容詞、名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、名詞所有格、介詞短語、動詞不定式短語、分詞短語或從句充當位于名詞前或名詞后Best和whichisdirectedbyJiaLing知識講解四種補充成分狀語：修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或整個句子?？杀硎緯r間、地點、原因、目的、結(jié)果、方式、伴隨、條件、讓步，程度、頻率等似曾相識的狀語從句Ioftengetupat6:30sothatIcangettoschoolearlier,becauseIhavethedutytomakesureourclassroomiscleanandtidy.Althoughitistiring,Ifeelhappyifmyclassroomisjustlikemyhome,whentheheadmasterpraisedourclassatschool.Howexcitedweare!通常由副詞、介詞短語、動詞不定式、分詞或從句等充當，可能出現(xiàn)在句首，句中，句末。解鎖你的專屬名稱主語S，謂語V，賓語O，定語A，表語P，狀語A知識講解四種補充成分例題3確定下面句子劃線成分1.ThecampuswasstillquietwhenIarrived.（）2.I,whoamyourclosefriend,willtrymybesttohelpyououtoftrouble.（）3.Iseeagirlplayingtheviolin（）4.Tomissoindependentthatheneveraskshisparents'opinionunlesshewantstheirsupport.（）P定C狀例題4下面成分不是狀語的是A.Shelookedafterhersisterpatiently.B.Hetalkedloudly.C.Hewrotealongletter.D.Shesmiledlikeanangel.例題4下面句子劃線部分做什么成分I?had?always?been?delighted?at?how?much?my?daughter?noticed?in?herworld.A.表語B.定語C.賓語D.同位語五種基本句型02難度：★★★☆☆知識講解五種基本句型1.主語+謂語（S+V）E.g.I'mcoming.E.g.

Ireplied.E.g.Shecried.動詞只要表意足夠完整，無需補充通常會使用不及物動詞在英語中按動詞后可否直接跟賓語，可以把動詞分成兩種：及物動詞（vt.）與不及物動詞（vi.）。及物動詞后面可直接加賓語，而不及物動詞后面不可直接加賓語，一般要先加介詞后再接賓語。不及物動詞沒有被動形式很多動詞既是及物動詞也是不及物動詞舉例：begin,start,answer,sing,close等知識講解五種基本句型2.主語+謂語+賓語（S+V+O）知識講解五種基本句型E.g.Iwaslookingatthephotos.E.g.Lawyershelppeople.E.g.Whoknowstheanswer?謂語動詞有實際的意思，都是主語產(chǎn)生的動作，但不能表達完整的意思，后面必須有一個賓語，才能使意思完整。你也可以用最簡單的Iloveyou舉例子知識講解五種基本句型回顧一個搭配：系動詞+表語3.主語+系動詞+表語（S+V+P）E.g.ItwasmysonMatthew'slastnightathomebeforegoingtocollege.E.g.I'mgladtobeback.E.g.Theyearmydadturned80.該句式側(cè)重說明主語的特征、身份等。知識講解五種基本句型補語：用于補全句意。多位于賓語之后。E.g.Youmakemehappy.E.g.Hiswordmademealotmorerelaxed.E.g.WecalltheYangziRiverourcountry'ssymbol.可由名詞（短語）、形容詞、副詞、不定式短語、分詞（短語）或介詞短語等充當。主語+謂語+賓語+賓語補足語（S+V+O+C）謂語動詞雖然是及物動詞，但是只跟一個賓語不能表達完整的意思，必須要加上一個補充成分說明賓語，才能使其意思完整。主語S，謂語V，賓語O，定語A，表語P，狀語A補語C知識講解五種基本句型?知識講解五種基本句型間接賓語(IO)和直接賓語(DO)表示人的賓語是間接賓語，表物的賓語是直接賓語，即“人間物直”E.g.Heboughtmeacar.E.g.Shetoldmehowtosolvetheproblem.E.g.Hegavemeasmile.主語+謂語+間賓+直賓（S+V+IO+DO）有些謂語動詞必須跟兩個賓語才能表達完整的意思。知識講解五種基本句型區(qū)分主謂雙賓和主謂賓賓補方法：賓語和后面的那個成分相連，看是否構(gòu)成句子E.g.Youmakemehappy.me與happy間加系動詞可構(gòu)成句子E.g.Hegavemeasmile.me與asmile間加系動詞也無法構(gòu)成句子知識講解五種基本句型主謂雙賓常見的謂語動詞有tell，send，buy，give，lend.主謂賓賓補常見的謂語動詞有make，find，call，name，elect.例題5下面句子分析不正確的是A.Theforeignershere是主語，areimpressed是謂語B.thefact是賓語C.fromallwalksoflife是修飾