現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)專項(xiàng)學(xué)案人教版英語八年級(jí)下冊(cè)

ThePresentPerfectTense現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)專項(xiàng)No.1ReviewOfKnowledgePoint【W(wǎng)hatisthePresentPerfectTense】ReadastoryandtrytocirclethePresentPerfectTenseMr.andMrs.Greenhaveownedthishouseforfiftyyears.Mr.andMrs.Greenhaveownedthishouseforfiftyyears.Theymovedinontheirweddingdayandtheyhavelivedhereeversince.Thevillagehaschangedalotduringthattime.Thevillagehaschangedalotduringthattime.ButMr.andMrs.Greenstillloveit.Theyhaveneverwantedtoliveanywhereelse.ButMr.andMrs.Greenstillloveit.Theyhaveneverwantedtoliveanywhereelse.1.概念：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過去發(fā)生的或已經(jīng)完成的某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，也可以表示過去已經(jīng)開始，一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。2.構(gòu)成：助動(dòng)詞have/has+過去分詞3.句型：句型構(gòu)成肯定句主語＋have/has+過去分詞十其他。否定句主語＋have/has+not+過去分詞十其他。一般疑問句Have/Has+主語十過去分詞十其他？肯定回答：Yes,主語＋have/has.否定回答：No,主語＋haven't/hasn't.特殊疑問句特殊疑問詞十一般疑問句？肯定句；IhaveseentheprogramRunningMen.我看過《奔跑吧兄弟》這檔節(jié)目。否定句：Tomhasn'tfinishedhishomeworkyet.湯姆還沒有完成他的家庭作業(yè)。一般疑問句：Haveyoueverclimbedthatmountain?你爬過那座山嗎？肯定回答Yes,Ihave.否定回答No.Ihaven't.是的，我爬過。／不，我沒有。特殊疑問句：HowlonghaveyouworkedinChongqing?你在重慶工作多長時(shí)間了？【strikewhileironishot】（）1.IlikenovelswrittenbyJ.K.Rowling.SofarI______allherworksaboutHarryPotter.A.havereadB.readC.amreadingD.reads（）2.______you______Frankyet?Yes,I______himamomentago.A.Will;call;called B.Have;called;calledC.Did;call;havecalled D.Have;called;havecalled（）3.Ihavenevergotaletterfromhim______heleft.A.assoonasB.whenC.eversinceD.while（）4.WhatgreatprogressHuawei______inrecentyears!Nowonderitiswidelyknowninallpartsoftheworld.A.ismakingB.hasmadeC.makesD.made（）5.Howtimeflies!We______inChinaforsolong.A.workB.workedC.willworkD.haveworked【HowtousethePresentPerfectTense1】1.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的“已完成”用法：強(qiáng)調(diào)不久前完成的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的影響，謂語一般用非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，常用already,yet等作狀語。yet一般用于否定句和疑問句。Hehasalreadyphonedmeaboutthetheft.他已經(jīng)給我來說過有關(guān)盜竊的事了。Ihaven'taskedhimyet.我還沒有問他。HasEdmondarrivedyet?埃德蒙到了嗎？2.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示經(jīng)歷的用法：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示直到現(xiàn)在為止的生活經(jīng)歷，常用never（從不），ever（曾經(jīng)）（用于否定句和疑問句），（only）once（一次），twice（兩次），threetimes（三次）等作狀語，可以用howmanytimes提問。Ihaveneverseenher.我從未見過她。HowmanytimeshaveyoueverbeentoEngland?你曾經(jīng)去過英國幾次？只去過一次。3.【辨析】havebeento，havegoneto與havebeeninhavebeento“曾經(jīng)去過”，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)回來了，常與ever和never連用。havegoneto“已經(jīng)去了”，在去某地的路上或在某地，現(xiàn)在還沒有回來。havebeenin“已經(jīng)在（某地）”，常與一段時(shí)間連用。IhavebeentoTibetforthreetimes.我去過西藏三次。（現(xiàn)在不在西藏，強(qiáng)調(diào)曾經(jīng)去過）ShehasgonetoTibet.她去了西藏（現(xiàn)在還未回來）IhavebeeninTibetforthreeyears.我在西藏已經(jīng)三年了。（三年來一直在西藏）注意：havebeento，havegoneto與havebeenin后接表示地點(diǎn)的副詞there，here等時(shí)，介詞to和in常省略?！緎trikewhileironishot】一.用havebeento，havebeenin或havegoneto的適當(dāng)形式填空。1.Isyourfatherathome?No,he_____________Canada.2._____________youever_____________Australia?Yes,I_____________Australiatwice.【HowtousethePresentPerfectTense2】1.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的“未完成”用法：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的“未完成”用法表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)從過去某時(shí)開始，一直延續(xù)至今，還可能繼續(xù)下去。常用forsince...等時(shí)間狀語，謂語用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，可以用howlong提問。Tinahasbeenawayfromhomefor5years.蒂娜離開家已經(jīng)5年了。Ihavebeenverysadsincelastmonth.從上個(gè)月開始，我一直很傷心。2．現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法小結(jié)1：用法例句表示不久前完成的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的影響，常與just，already·yet（常用于否定句和疑問句）連用。Haveyouheardthenewsyet?你聽過這個(gè)消息嗎？表示到現(xiàn)在為止生活經(jīng)歷，常與never，ever（常用于否定句和疑問句），once，twice等連用，可以用howmanytimes提問。HowmanytimeshaveyouevervisitedtheGreatWall?你已經(jīng)參觀過多少次長城了？表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)從過去某時(shí)開始，一直延續(xù)至今，可能剛剛結(jié)束，也可能繼續(xù)下去，常與“for＋時(shí)間段”，“since＋時(shí)間點(diǎn)”等時(shí)間狀語連用，可以用howlong提問。Howlonghaveyoulivedhere?一你在這里住了多久了？Ihavelivedhereforaboutten我在這里住了大約十年了。3．現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法小結(jié)2：常見的時(shí)間狀語：before：以前（單獨(dú)使用，放句末）Ihaveneverheardofthesongbefore.sofar:至今Ihavereadthebookthreetimessofar.lately/recently:最近Ihaven'tseenherlately/recently.uptonow/uptillnow:到現(xiàn)在為止Uptonow,hehaslivedherefortwoyears.in/duringthepast/lastfewyears:Myhometownhaschangedalotinthepastfewyears.4.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)的區(qū)別：時(shí)態(tài)構(gòu)成用法現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)主語＋have／has＋動(dòng)詞的過去分詞十其他.強(qiáng)調(diào)過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響，常與一個(gè)時(shí)間段連用。一般過去時(shí)主語十動(dòng)詞的過去式十其他.表示過去某時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，常與具體的表示過去的時(shí)間狀語連用。HelivedinChongqingin2010.他2010年住在重慶。（目前住在哪里不清楚）HehaslivedinChongqingsince2010.他自從2010年就住在重慶。（目前仍住在重慶）【strikewhileironishot】一.用since或for填空。1.Thechildhasbeencrying_______hermotherleft.2.Wehavebeenplayingtennis_______fiveyears,3.Thegirlhasbeenreading_______anhour.4.Ithasbeenraining_______awholeday.5.Wehavebeenfriendswitheachother_______wewerechildren.【UsefulExpressions】1.Itis/hasbeen+時(shí)間段+since或一段時(shí)間+haspassedsinceItis/It's/Ithasbeen3yearssinceIleftmyhometown.=ThreeyearshaspassedsinceIleftmyhometown.2.Itisthefirst/secondtimethat＋現(xiàn)在完成的句子ItisthethirdtimethatIhavemethim.這是我第三次遇見那個(gè)人。3.主語＋be動(dòng)詞＋the形容詞最高級(jí)＋名詞單數(shù)＋that＋現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)句子ThisisthemostinterestingmoviethatIhaveeverseen.Ellenisthemostbeautifulteacherthathasevertaughtme.【LearningMore】瞬間動(dòng)詞和延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞可以分為兩類：瞬間動(dòng)詞/非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞/短暫性動(dòng)詞，指動(dòng)作一發(fā)生就結(jié)束，不能持續(xù)下去。所以這種動(dòng)詞后面不能跟表示一段時(shí)間的時(shí)間狀語。如：e,arrive,finish,stop,leave,go,get,die,marry,begin,getto,getup，buy,borrow等。延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞表示一種延續(xù)性的動(dòng)作。后面可以跟表示一段時(shí)間的時(shí)間狀語。如：work,live,study,sleep,wait,watch,eat,play等。瞬間動(dòng)詞和延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的轉(zhuǎn)換buy→hadborrow→keepputon→wearbegin→beonleave→beawayleavesp→beawayfromspjoin→beindied→bedeadarrivein/at,getto,reach,eto,goto,moveto→beinspreturnto,eback,goback→bebacke/goout→beoutbee→beclose→beclosedopen→beopengetup→beupmarry→bemarriedfinish/end→beoverfallasleep/gettosleep→beasleepstart/begintodo→docatchacold→haveaclodlose→nothavejointheleague/party/army→beintheleague/party/army→beamemberoftheleague/party/army→bealeaguemember/apartymember/asoldier注意：瞬間動(dòng)詞的否定式可以和一段時(shí)間狀語連用eg：Ihaven'tboughtclothesfor2years.我兩年沒買衣服了。eg：Ihaven'tleftmyroomfor3days.我三天沒出屋了?！緎trikewhileironishot】FunTime：一個(gè)意思，五種表達(dá)Iboughtthebike3yearsago.→Ihavehadthebikefor3years.→Ihavehadthebikesince3yearsago.→It's/Itis/Ithasbeen3yearssinceIboughtthebike.→ThreeyearshaspassedsinceIboughtthebike.寫作表達(dá)通知(二）亮點(diǎn)詞匯搭配1.表示引起注意attentionn.注意，留心 announcementn.通知2.表示意愿decidev.決定 hopev.希望mindv.介意 makeupone'smindto...下決心……3.與活動(dòng)相關(guān)payavisitto參觀；看望 holdv.舉辦activityn.活動(dòng) spendv.度過，花（時(shí)間）inmemoryof紀(jì)念 introducev.介紹celebratev.慶祝 partyn.聚會(huì)經(jīng)典句子背誦：開頭句1.MayIhaveyourattention,please?請(qǐng)注意啦！2.Attentionplease.Ihaveanannouncementtomake.請(qǐng)大家注意，我有一個(gè)通知要宣讀。3.Ihavesomethingimportant/new/bad/interestingtotellyou.我有重要的/新的/不好的/有趣的消息要告訴你們。4.Ihavethehonorofannouncingthat...我很榮幸地通知大家……中間句1.Wearehavinga(n)...about...我們將有一個(gè)關(guān)于……的……2.Thereisgoingtobeanimportanttalkontheplaygroundat14:30onMay20.5月20日下午兩點(diǎn)半在操場上將有一場重要的講座。3.Inmemoryof...,a(n)...willbeheld.為紀(jì)念……，將舉行……4.Wewillpayavisitto...我們將會(huì)參觀……5.TheBritishMuseumhasalonghistorywhichhascollectionofover13millionobjects.大英博物館歷史悠久，擁有超過130萬件藏品。6.Donotforgettotake...becausewewill...不要忘記帶著……，因?yàn)槲覀円?.Theexpertwillgiveatalkon...專家會(huì)就……話題進(jìn)行演講。結(jié)尾句1.Dobepresentontime!請(qǐng)務(wù)必按時(shí)參加！2.Ihopeyoucantakeanactivepartin...我希望你（們）能積極參與……3.That’sall.Thanksforyourattention.就是這些，感謝傾聽。（一）（2022·吉林長春·中考真題）本周日，同學(xué)們將去民俗博物館（theFolkloreMuseum）參觀。假如你是學(xué)生會(huì)主席，請(qǐng)根據(jù)下面要點(diǎn)和要求，用英文向你校國際交換生發(fā)布一則不少于40詞的通知。要點(diǎn)：1.早8:00在學(xué)校集合；2.帶筆和筆記本；3.館內(nèi)有英文導(dǎo)游；4.做好記錄，為參觀后的討論做準(zhǔn)備。要求：要點(diǎn)齊全；表述通順；簡潔得體。____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】例文Dearstudents,

ThisSundaywewillgototheFolkloreMuseum.Wewillmeetat8:00amattheschoolgate.Pleasedon’tbelate.Youhadbetterbringapenandanotebook.TherearesomeEnglishguidesinthemuseum.Ifyouhaveanyquestion,youcanaskherforhelp.Youshouldtakenotescarefully,andgetreadyforfurtherdiscussion.

Hopeyouwillhaveagoodtime.StudentUnion【詳解】1.題干解讀：本文是一則通知。介紹去民俗博物館的注意事項(xiàng)。2.寫作指導(dǎo)：本文采用一般將來時(shí)，人稱以第一人稱和第二人稱為主。分為兩段式：第一段介紹集合的時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)以及需要帶的物品；最后一段表達(dá)祝愿。寫作時(shí)保持主謂一致性，做到無語法和標(biāo)點(diǎn)錯(cuò)誤。No.2ConsolidationAndImprovement一、單項(xiàng)選擇1．—________yourfatherever________toTibet?—Yes.He________therelastyear.A．Has;been;hasbeen B．Has;been;wentC．Did;go;went D．Did;went;hasbeen2．—Where’sMary?—She________toHubei.A．hasbeen B．hasgone C．went D．goes3．Mr.Fan________thiswatchin2012.He________itfor10years.A．bought;hashad B．bought;hasC．hasbought;hashad D．hasbought;had4．I________readingthebook.CanIkeepitalittlelonger?A．haven’tfinished B．didn’tfinishedC．havefinished D．finished5．—Look!Thatwomanlookslikeourteacher.

—It_________beher.She________Australia.A．can’t；hasbeento B．maynot；hasbeentoC．can’t；hasgoneto D．mustn’t；hasgoneto6．—Whendidthegirl________theboy?—Theyhave________fortenyears.A．getmarriedto;beenmarried B．getmarriedto;gotmarriedC．getmarriedwith;beenmarried D．getmarriedwith;gotmarried7．—Howlonghasyoursisterstudiedinthiscollege?—She________herefor3yearsandshewillgraduatefromthiscollegenextyear.A．hasstudied B．studied C．willstudy D．wasstudying8．—WhereisMillie?

—She________toNewYorkonbusiness.She________theairportatfiveinthemorning.A．hasgone;hasleftfor B．hasbeen;hasleftforC．hasgone;leftfor D．hasbeen;leftfor9．It________over10yearssincemygrandpa________.A．was;died B．was;hasbeendead C．hasbeen;died D．is;hasdied10．TheGreenshavebeenaway________.A．lastmonth B．foramonth C．a(chǎn)monthago D．inamonthNo.3ExtensionOfKnowledge一、完形填空閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)A、B、C、D中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。MydaughterTaylinaskedmeifshecouldcelebrateher10thbirthdaywithafewfriends.I____1____andsaidIwouldmakepreparations.IplannedtostartphoningaroundbytheendofMarch,____2____thenCOVID19came.Isuggestedwewaitandsee____3____wouldhappen.Asthingswenton,Irealizedthather____4____mightnotberealized.IcameupwithaplanB．ThenIaskedherifwecouldmakeherabirthdaycakeallby____5____andwealldressupandjustkeepitsimple,andsheagreed.Whileplanningit,Taylin____6____hermind.“Leavethecakeandgiftsandletmetakethemoneytobuythingsforthe____7____whodon’thave,”shesaid.“Iwantgirlsonlyandtheyshouldbe9turning10orjustturned10thisyear.Iwanttogivethemsugars,chips,chocolateandgiftsthattheycanuseastheirown.”Iknewthiswas____8____tofinish,soIalmosttriedtostopher.ThenextdayIgottoworkandcalledmyfriendfor____9____.Sheanswered,“Don’tworry.Iwill____10____andgiveherafewthingsthatshecouldsend.”Theshortnoticeplanningandrunningaroundstartedatonce.Myfearwas“HowandwheredoI____11____thegirlsofherage”,andthenIknockedfromdoortodoorwithamask(口罩).____12____afewdoorsopened.Taylin____13____allherthings.2ndJulycamethedayofmy____14____birthday.Iwishedherahappybirthday____15____agiftorevenabirthdaycake.MyheartwasalittleheavybutIwassoproudofher.It’sbettertogivethantoreceive(接受),isn’tit?1．A．counted B．a(chǎn)greed C．feared D．succeeded2．A．so B．if C．or D．but3．A．what B．who C．when D．where4．A．nature B．secret C．idea D．page5．A．yourself B．ourselves C．himself D．itself6．A．opened B．hid C．changed D．lost7．A．visitors B．teachers C．workers D．children8．A．honest B．hard C．opposite D．patient9．A．expression B．protection C．progress D．a(chǎn)dvice10．A．help B．leave C．shine D．improve11．A．sell B．find C．make D．paint12．A．Easily B．Loudly C．Clearly D．Luckily13．A．gaveout B．talkedto C．thoughtof D．cutdown14．A．cousin’s B．mother’s C．daughter’s D．sister’s15．A．without B．under C．between D．a(chǎn)gainst二、語法選擇I’vebeeninanAustralianschoolforjustoverthreeweeksnow.I’mhereaspartof____16____educationalexchangewithmyschoolinChina.I’venoticedthatAustralianpeopleandChinesepeoplehaveverydifferentideasabouteducation.InChina,studentsareoftenveryquietinclass.Theyseldomdisturbtheteacherorshoutoutanswers____17____questions.MyAustralianclassmateshavetheoppositeidea.Theyareoftenquiteloudinclassandliketogivetheiropinionstotheteacher.Atfirst,I____18____abitnervousabout____19____Englishinfrontofsomanypeople.IwasworriedthatImightsay____20____.It’sbeenhardforme,butI’verealized____21____thisissimplythewaypeopleareinAustralia.Australianpeoplearefortablewhentheyaretalkingtostrangers.Itisveryeasyforpeople____22____aconversationwitheachother,eveniftheyarejustwaitingforabusorsittinginacafe.____23____I’mtryingtobemorelikethem.YesterdayImetagirlinthesupermarket!____24____nameisShirley.Sheaskedmefor____25____onwhatChinesefoodtobuyandwetalkedforanhour.Australiaisreallyfantastic.16．A．a(chǎn)n B．a(chǎn) C．the D．/17．A．for B．to C．of D．with18．A．feel B．feeling C．felt D．feels19．A．spoken B．tospeak C．speaks D．speaking20．A．somethingsilly B．sillysomething C．a(chǎn)nythingsilly D．sillyanything21．A．what B．which C．that D．how22．A．tostart B．start C．starts D．starting23．A．Or B．But C．Because D．So24．A．Her B．She C．Hers D．Herself25．A．a(chǎn)nadvice B．someadvices C．a(chǎn)dvices D．a(chǎn)dvice三、閱讀單選Howfitareyourteeth?Areyoulazyaboutbrushingthem?Neverfear:Aninventorisonthecase.Anelectrictoothbrushsenseshowlongandhowwellyoubrush,anditletsyoutrack(追蹤)yourperformanceonyourphone.TheKolibreetoothbrushwasexhibitedattheInternationalConsumerElectronicsShowinLasVegasthisweek.ItsenseshowitismovedandcansendtheinformationtoanAndroidphoneoriPhoneviaaBluetoothwirelessconnection.Thetoothbrushwillbeabletoteachyoutobrushright(don’tforgettheinsidesoftheteeth!)andmakesureyou’rebrushinglongenough.“It’skindoflikehavingadentistactuallywatchyourbrushingonadaytodaybasis,”saysThomasServal,theFrenchinventor.Thetoothbrushwillalsobeabletotalktootherprogramsonyourphone,sodeveloperscould,forexample,createagamecontrolledbyyourtoothbrush.Youcouldscorepointsforbeatingmonstersamongyourteeth.“Wetrytomakeitsmartbutalsofun,”Servalsays.Servalsayshewasinspired(受到啟發(fā)的)byhisexperienceasafather.Hewouldehomefromworkandaskhiskidsiftheyhadbrushedtheirteeth.Theysaid“yes”,butServalwouldfindtheirtoothbrushheadsdry.Hedecidedheneededabrushthatreallytoldhimhowwellhischildrenbrushed.ThepanysaystheKolibreewillgoonsalethissummer,from$99to$199,dependingonfeatures.TheU.S.isthefirsttargetmarket.Servalsaysthatoneday,it’llbepossibletoreplacethebrushonthehandle(把手)withabrushingunitthatalsohasacamera.Thecameracanevenexamineholesinyourteethwhileyoubrush.26．WhichstatementabouttheKolibreetoothbrushistrue?A．Itcantalkwithus.B．Itlookslikeadentist.C．Itcansendtheinformationtoyourphone.D．Ithasacamerathatcanexamineholesinyourteeth.27．WhydidServaldecidetoinventthetoothbrush?A．Becausehecouldscorepointsingameswh