新概念英語第四冊Lesson+11+How+to+grow+old+講義

Lesson11Howtogrowold如何安度晚年What,accordingtotheauthor,isthebestwaytoovercomethefearofdeathasyougetolder?Someoldpeopleareoppressedbythefearofdeath.Intheyoungthereisajustification1forthisfeeling.Youngmenwhohavereasontofearthattheywillbekilledinbattlemayjustifiably2feelbitterinthethoughtthattheyhavecheatedofthebestthingsthatlifehastooffer.Butinanoldmanwhohasknownhumanjoysandsorrows,andhasachievedwhateverworkitwasinhimtodo,thefearofdeathissomewhatabject3andignoble4.Thebestwaytoovercomeit--soatleastitseemstome--istomakeyourinterestsgraduallywiderandmoreimpersonal5,untilbitbybitthewallsoftheego6recede7,andyourlifebecomesincreasinglymerged8intheuniversallife.Anindividualhumanexistenceshouldbelikeariver--smallatfirst,narrowlycontainedwithinitsbanks,andrushingpassionately9pastboulders10andoverwaterfalls.Graduallytherivergrowswider,thebanksrecede,thewatersflowmorequietly,andintheend,withoutanyvisiblebreak,theybecomemergedinthesea,andpainlesslylosetheirindividualbeing.Themanwho,inoldage,canseehislifeinthisway,willnotsufferfromthefearofdeath,sincethethingshecaresforwillcontinue.Andif,withthedecayofvitality11,wearinessincreases,thethoughtofrestwillbenotunwelcome.Ishouldwishtodiewhilestillatwork,knowingthatotherswillcarryonwhatIcannolongerdo,andcontentinthethoughtthatwhatwaspossiblehasbeendone.BERTRANDRUSSELLHowtogrowoldfromPortraitsfromMemoryNewwordsandexpressions生詞和短語oppressv.憂郁，壓抑justificationn.正當理由justifiablyadv.無可非議地cheatv.欺騙abjectadj.可憐的ignobleadj.不體面的，可恥的impersonaladj.超脫個人感情影響的egon.自我receded12v.退去increasingadv.日益，不斷passionatelyadv.激昂地painlesslyadv.毫無痛苦地vitalityn.精力wearinessn.疲憊感參考譯文有些老年人因為怕死而感到煩惱。青年人有這種感覺是情有可原的。有理由害怕自己會死在戰(zhàn)場上的年輕人，想到自己被剝奪了生活所能給予的最美好的東西時，感到痛苦，這是可以理解的?？墒抢夏耆艘呀?jīng)飽嘗了人間的甘苦，一切能做的都做了，如果怕死，就有點兒可憐又可鄙?？朔滤赖淖詈棉k法--至少在我看來是這樣--就是逐漸使自己的興趣更加廣泛，逐漸擺脫個人狹小的圈子，直到自我的圍墻一點一點地倒塌下來，自己的生活慢慢地和整個宇宙的生活融合在一起。個人的存在應該像一條河流，開始很小，被緊緊地夾在兩岸中間，接著熱情奔放地沖過巨石，飛下瀑布。然后河面漸漸地變寬，兩岸后撤，河水流得平緩起來，最后連綿不斷地匯入大海，毫無痛苦地失去了自我的存在。上了年紀的人這樣看待生命，就不會有懼怕死亡的心情了，因為自己關心的一切事件都會繼續(xù)下去。再者，隨著精力的衰退，老年人的疲憊會增長，有長眠的愿望未嘗不是一件好事情，我希望工作到死為止，明白了有人會繼續(xù)我的未竟事業(yè)，想到能做的事都做了，也就坦然了。新概念英語正版圖書購買點擊收聽單詞發(fā)音

1justification

n.正當?shù)睦碛桑晦q解的理由參考例句：There'snojustificationfordividingthecompanyintosmallerunits.沒有理由把公司劃分成小單位。Intheyoungthereisajustificationforthisfeeling.在年輕人中有這種感覺是有理由的。2justifiably

adv.無可非議地參考例句：ThereGeneralWalterswouldcomeaboardtogreetme,justifiablybeamingwithprideathisarrangement.在那兒沃爾特斯將軍會登上飛機來接我，理所當然為他們的安排感到洋洋得意。來自辭典例句TheChineseseemedjustifiablyproudoftheireconomicachievements.中國人似乎為他們的經(jīng)濟成就感到自豪，這是無可非議的。來自互聯(lián)網(wǎng)3abject

adj.極可憐的，卑屈的參考例句：Thispolicyhasturnedouttobeanabjectfailure.這一政策最后以慘敗而告終。HehadbeenobligedtoofferanabjectapologytoMr.Alleyneforhisimpertinence.他不得不低聲下氣，為他的無禮舉動向艾萊恩先生請罪。4ignoble

adj.不光彩的，卑鄙的；可恥的參考例句：There'ssomethingcowardlyandignobleaboutsuchanattitude.這種態(tài)度有點怯懦可鄙。Someverygreatmenhavecomefromignoblefamilies.有些偉人出身低微。5impersonal

adj.無個人感情的，與個人無關的，非人稱的參考例句：Evenhischildrenfoundhimstrangelydistantandimpersonal.他的孩子們也認為他跟其他人很疏遠，沒有人情味。Hismannerseemedratherstiffandimpersonal.他的態(tài)度似乎很生硬冷淡。6ego

n.自我，自己，自尊參考例句：Heisabsoluteegoinallthing.在所有的事情上他都絕對自我。Shehasbeenonanegotripsinceshesangontelevision.她上電視臺唱過歌之后就一直自吹自擂。7recede

vi.退(去)，漸漸遠去；向后傾斜，縮進參考例句：Thecollegeswouldrecedeinimportance.大學的重要性會降低。Hesawthatthedirtywaterhadbeguntorecede.他發(fā)現(xiàn)那污濁的水開始往下退了。8merged

（使）混合(merge的過去式和過去分詞)；相融；融入；漸漸消失在某物中參考例句：Turfwarsareinevitablewhentwodepartmentsaremerged.兩個部門合并時總免不了爭爭權限。Thesmallshopsweremergedintoalargemarket.那些小商店合并成為一個大商場。9passionately

ad.熱烈地，激烈地參考例句：Shecouldhateaspassionatelyasshecouldlove.她能恨得咬牙切齒，也能愛得一往情深。Hewaspassionatelyaddictedtopopmusic.他酷愛流行音樂。10boulders

n.卵石(boulder的名詞復數(shù))；巨礫；（受水或天氣侵蝕而成的）巨石；漂礫參考例句：Sealsbaskedonbouldersinaflatcalm.海面風平浪靜，海豹在巨石上曬太陽。來自《簡明英漢詞典》Therivertakesaheadlongplungeintoamaelstromofrocksandboulders.河水急流而下，入一個漂礫的漩渦中。來自《簡明英漢詞典》11vitality

n.活力，生命力，效力參考例句：Hecamebackfromhisholidayburstingwithvitalityandgoodhealth.他度假歸來之后，身強體壯，充滿活力。Heisanambitiousyoun