2017年考研英語二真題資料

2017年全國碩士研究生入學(xué)統(tǒng)一考試英語二

SectionIUseofEnglish

Directions:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,C

orDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)

Peoplehavespeculatedforcenturiesaboutafuturewithoutwork.Todayisnodifferent,with

academics,writers,andactivistsonceagain]thattechnologybereplacinghumanworkers.Some

imaginethatthecomingwork-freeworldwillbedefinedby2Afewwealthypeoplewillownall

thecapital,andthemasseswillstruggleinanimpoverishedwasteland.

Adifferentandnotmutuallyexclusive3holdsthatthefuturewillbeawastelandofadifferent

sort,one4bypurposelessness:Withoutjobstogivetheirlives5,peoplewillsimplybecome

lazyanddepressed.6,today9sunemployeddon'tseemtobehavingagreattime.OneGalluppoll

foundthat20percentofAmericanswhohavebeenunemployedforatleastayearreporthaving

depression,doubletheratefor7Americans.Also,someresearchsuggeststhatthe8for

risingratesofmortality,mental-healthproblems,andaddicting9poorly-educatedmiddle-aged

peopleisshortageofwell-paidjobs.Perhapsthisiswhymany10theagonizingdullnessofa

joblessfuture.

Butitdoesn'tHfollowfromfindingslikethesethataworldwithoutworkwouldbefilled

withunease.Suchvisionsarebasedonthe12ofbeingunemployedinasocietybuiltonthe

conceptofemployment.Inthe13ofwork,asocietydesignedwithotherendsinmindcould14

strikinglydifferentcircumstancesforthefutureoflaborandleisure.Today,the15ofworkmaybe

abitoverblown."Manyjobsareboring,degrading,unhealthy,andawasteofhumanpotential,99saysJohn

Danaher,alecturerattheNationalUniversityofIrelandinGalway.

Thesedays,becauseleisuretimeisrelatively16formostworkers,peopleusetheirfreetime

tocounterbalancetheintellectualandemotional17oftheirjobs."WhenIcomehomefromahard

day'swork,Ioftenfeel18JDanahersays,adding,"InaworldinwhichIdon'thavetowork,I

mightfeelratherdifferent^^一perhapsdifferentenoughtothrowhimself19ahobbyorapassion

projectwiththeintensityusuallyreservedfor20matters.

1.[A]boasting[B]denying[C]warning[D]ensuring

2.[A]inequality[B]instability[C]unreliability[D]uncertainty

3.[A]policy[B]guideline[C]resolution[D]prediction

4.[A]characterized[B]divided[C]balanced[D]measured

5.[A]wisdom[B]meaning[C]glory[D]freedom

6.[A]Instead[B]Indeed[C]Thus[D]Nevertheless

7.[A]rich[B]urban[C]working[D]educated

8.[A]explanation[B]requirement[C]compensation[D]substitute

9.[A]under[B]beyond[C]alongside[D]among

10.[A]leavebehind[B]makeup[C]worryabout[D]setaside

11.[A]statistically[B]occasionally[C]necessarily[D]economically

12.[A]chances[B]downsides[C]benefits[D]principles

13.[A]absence[B]height[C]face[D]course

14.[A]disturb[B]restore[C]exclude[D]yield

15.[A]model[B]practice[C]virtue[D]hardship

16.[A]tricky[B]lengthy[C]mysterious[D]scarce

17.[A]demands[B]standards[C]qualities[D]threats

18.[A]ignored[B]tired[C]confused[D]starved

19.[A]off[B]against[C]behind[D]into

20.[A]technological[B]professional[C]educational[D]interpersonal

SectionIIReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.

MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)

Text1

EverySaturdaymorning,at9am,morethan50,000runnerssetofftorun5kmaroundtheirlocal

park.TheParkrunphenomenonbeganwithadozenfriendsandhasinspired400eventsintheUKand

moreabroad.Eventsarefree,staffedbythousandsofvolunteers.Runnersrangefromfouryearsoldto

grandparents;theirtimesrangefromAndrewBaddeley'sworldrecord13minutes48secondsuptoan

hour.

ParkrunissucceedingwhereLondon'sOlympic"legacy“isfailing.TenyearsagoonMonday,itwas

announcedthattheGamesofthe30thOlympiadwouldbeinLondon.Planningdocumentspledgedthat

thegreatlegacyoftheGameswouldbetolevelanationofsportloversawayfromtheircouches.The

populationwouldbefitter,healthierandproducemorewinners.Ithasnothappened.Thenumberof

adultsdoingweeklysportdidrise,bynearly2millionintherun-upto2012—butthegeneralpopulation

wasgrowingfaster.Worse,thenumbersarenowfallingatanacceleratingrate.Theoppositionclaims

primaryschoolpupilsdoingatleasttwohoursofsportaweekhavenearlyhalved.Obesityhasrisen

amongadultsandchildren.OfficialretrospectionscontinueastowhyLondon2012failedtouinspirea

generation.^^ThesuccessofParkrunoffersanswers.

Parkunisnotaracebutatimetrial:Youronlycompetitoristheclock.Theethoswelcomesanybody.

Thereisasmuchjoyoverapuffed-outfirst-timerbeingclappedoverthelineasthereisabouttoptalent

shining.TheOlympicbidders,bycontrast,wantedtogetmorepeopledoingsportsandtoproducemore

eliteathletes.Thedualaimwasmixedup:Thestressonsuccessovertakingpartwasintimidatingfor

newcomers.

Indeed,thereissomethingalittleabsurdinthestategettinginvolvedintheplanningofsucha

fundamentally“grassroots”,conceptascommunitysportsassociations.Ifthereisaroleforgovernment,it

shouldreallybegettinginvolvedinprovidingcommongoods-makingsurethereisspaceforplaying

fieldsandthemoneytopavetennisandnetballcourts,andencouragingtheprovisionofallthese

activitiesinschools.Butsuccessivegovernmentshavepresidedoversellinggreenspaces,squeezing

moneyfromlocalauthoritiesanddecliningattentiononsportineducation.Insteadofwordy,worthy

strategies,futuregovernmentsneedtodomoretoprovidetheconditionsforsporttothrive.Oratleastnot

makethemworse.

21.AccordingtoParagraph1,Parkrunhas.

[A]gainedgreatpopularity[B]createdmanyjobs

[C]strengthenedcommunityties[D]becomeanofficialfestival

22.TheauthorbelievesthatLondon'sOlympic“l(fā)egacy“hasfailedto.

[A]boostpopulationgrowth[B]promotesportparticipation

[C]improvethecity'simage[D]increasesporthoursinschools

23.ParkrunisdifferentfromOlympicgamesinthatit.

[A]aimsatdiscoveringtalents[B]focusesonmasscompetition

[C]doesnotemphasizeelitism[D]doesnotattractfirst-timers

24.Withregardtomasssport,theauthorholdsthatgovernmentsshould.

[A]organize“grassroots"sportsevents[B]superviselocalsportsassociations

[C]increasefundsforsportsclubs[D]investinpublicsportsfacilities

25.Theauthor'sattitudetowhatUKgovernmentshavedoneforsportsis.

[A]tolerant[B]critical[C]uncertain[D]sympathetic

Text2

Withsomuchfocusonchildren'suseofscreens,it'seasyforparentstoforgetabouttheirown

screenuse."Techisdesignedtoreallysuckonyouin,“saysJennyRadeskyinherstudyofdigitalplay,

“anddigitalproductsaretheretopromotemaximalengagement.Itmakesithardtodisengage,andleads

toalotofbleed-overintothefamilyroutine.”

Radeskyhasstudiedtheuseofmobilephonesandtabletsatmealtimesbygivingmother-childpairs

afood-testingexercise.Shefoundthatmotherswhosueddevicesduringtheexercisestarted20percent

fewerverbaland39percentfewernonverbalinteractionswiththeirchildren.Duringaseparate

observation,shesawthatphonesbecameasourceoftensioninthefamily.Parentswouldbelookingat

theiremailswhilethechildrenwouldbemakingexcitedbidsfortheirattention.

Infantsarewiredtolookatparents9facestotrytounderstandtheirworld,andifthosefacesare

blankandunresponsive一astheyoftenarewhenabsorbedinadevice-itcanbeextremelydisconcerting

foethechildren.Radeskycitesthe"stillfaceexperiment^^devisedbydevelopmentalpsychologistEd

Tronickinthe1970s.Init,amotherisaskedtointeractwithherchildinanormalwaybeforeputtingona

blankexpressionandnotgivingthemanyvisualsocialfeedback;Thechildbecomesincreasingly

distressedasshetriestocapturehermother9sattention."Parentsdon'thavetobeexquisitelyparentsatall

times,butthereneedstobeabalanceandparentsneedtoberesponsiveandsensitivetoachild'sverbal

ornonverbalexpressionsofanemotionalneed,“saysRadesky.

Ontheotherhand,Tronickhimselfisconcernedthattheworriesaboutkids9useofscreensareborn

outofan"oppressiveideologythatdemandsthatparentsshouldalwaysbeinteracting“withtheirchildren:

"It'sbasedonasomewhatfantasized,verywhite,veryupper-middle-classideologythatsaysifyou're

failingtoexposeyourchildto30,000wordsyouareneglectingthem.^^Tronickbelievesthatjustbecause

achildisn'tlearningfromthescreendoesn'tmeanthere'snovaluetoit-particularlyifitgivesparents

timetohaveashower,dohouseworkorsimplyhaveabreakfromtheirchild.Parents,hesays,cangeta

lotoutofusingtheirdevicestospeaktoafriendorgetsomeworkoutoftheway.Thiscanmakethem

feelhappier,whichletsthenbemoreavailabletotheirchildtherestofthetime.

26.AccordingtoJennyRadesky,digitalproductsaredesignedto.

[A]simplifyroutinematters[B]absorbuserattention

[C]betterinterpersonalrelations[D]increaseworkefficiency

27.Radesky9sfood-testingexerciseshowsthatmothers9useofdevices.

[A]takesawaybabies9appetite[B]distractschildren'sattention

[C]slowsdownbabies9verbaldevelopment[D]reducesmother-childcommunication

28.Radesky'scitesthe“stillfaceexperiment“toshowthat.

[A]itiseasyforchildrentogetusedtoblankexpressions

[B]verbalexpressionsareunnecessaryforemotionalexchange

[C]childrenareinsensitivetochangesintheirparents9mood

[D]parentsneedtorespondtochildren'semotionalneeds

29.TheoppressiveideologymentionedbyTronickrequiresparentsto.

[A]protectkidsfromexposuretowildfantasies

[B]teachtheirkidsatleast30,000wordsayear

[C]ensureconstantinteractionwiththeirchildren

[D]remainconcernedaboutkid'suseofscreens

30.AccordingtoTronick,kid'suseofscreensmay.

[A]givetheirparentssomefreetime[B]maketheirparentsmorecreative

[C]helpthemwiththeirhomework[D]helpthembecomemoreattentive

Text3

Today,widespreadsocialpressuretoimmediatelygotocollegeinconjunctionwithincreasingly

highexpectationsinafast-movingworldoftencausesstudentstocompletelyoverlookthepossibilityof

takingagapyear.Afterall,ifeveryoneyouknowisgoingtocollegeinthefall,itseemssillytostayback

ayear,doesn'tit?Andaftergoingtoschoolfor12years,itdoesn'tfeelnaturaltospendayeardoing

somethingthatisn'tacademic.

Butwhilethismaybetrue,it'snotagoodenoughreasontocondemngapyears.There9salwaysa

constantfearoffallingbehindeveryoneelseonthesociallyperpetuated"racetothefinishline,“whether

thatbetowardgraduateschool,medicalschoolorlucrativecareer.Butdespitecommonmisconceptions,a

gapyeardoesnothinderthesuccessofacademicpursuits-infact,itprobablyenhancesit.

StudiesfromtheUnitedStatesandAustraliashowthatstudentswhotakeagapyeararegenerally

betterpreparedforandperformbetterincollegethanthosewhodonot.Ratherthanpullingstudentsback,

agapyearpushesthemaheadbypreparingthemforindependence,newresponsibilitiesand

environmentalchanges-allthingsthatfirst-yearstudentsoftenstrugglewiththemost.Gapyear

experiencescanlessentheblowwhenitcomestoadjustingtocollegeandbeingthrownintoabrandnew

environment,makingiteasiertofocusonacademicsandactivitiesratherthanacclimationblunders.

Ifyou'renotconvincedoftheinherentvalueintakingayearofftoexploreinterests,thenconsider

itsfinancialimpactonfutureacademicchoices.AccordingtotheNationalCenterforEducationStatistics,

nearly80percentofcollegestudentsendupchangingtheirmajorsatleastonce.Thisisn'tsurprising,

consideringthebasicmandatoryhighschoolcurriculumleavesstudentswithapoorunderstandingof

themselveslistingonemajorontheircollegeapplications,butswitchingtoanotheraftertakingcollege

classes.Ifsnotnecessarilyabadthing,butdependingontheschool,itcanbecostlytomakeupcredits

afterswitchingtoolateinthegame.AtBostonCollege,forexample,youwouldhavetocompletean

extrayearwereyoutoswitchtothenursingschoolfromanotherdepartment.Takingagapyeartofigure

thingsoutinitiallycanhelppreventstressandsavemoneylateron.

31.Oneofthereasonsforhigh-schoolgraduatesnottakingagapyearisthat.

[A]theythinkitacademicallymisleading

[B]theyhavealotoffuntoexpectincollege

[C]itfeelsstrangetododifferentlyfromothers

[D]itseemsworthlesstotakeoff-campuscourses

32.StudiesfromtheUSandAustraliaimplythattakingagapyearhelps.

[A]keepstudentsfrombeingunrealistic[B]lowerrisksinchoosingcareers

[C]easefreshmen9sfinancialburdens[D]relievefreshmenofpressures

33.Theword"acclimation”(Line6,Para.3)isclosestinmeaningto.

[A]adaptation[B]application[C]motivation[D]competition

34.Agapyearmaysavemoneyforstudentsbyhelpingthem.

[A]avoidacademicfailures[B]establishlong-termgoals

[C]switchtoanothercollege[D]decideontherightmajor

35.Themostsuitabletitleforthistextwouldbe.

[A]InFavoroftheGapYear[B]TheABCsoftheGapYear

[C]TheGapYearComesBack[D]TheGapYear:ADilemma

Text4

Thoughoftenviewedasaproblemforwesternstates,thegrowingfrequencyofwildfiresisa

nationalconcernbecauseofitsimpactonfederaltaxdollars,saysProfessorMaxMoritz,aspecialistin

fireecologyandmanagement.

In2015,theUSForestServiceforthefirsttimespentmorethanhalfofits$5.5billionannual

budgetfightingfires-nearlydoublethepercentageitspentonsuchefforts20yearsago.Ineffect,fewer

federalfundstodayaregoingtowardstheagency9sotherwork—suchasforestconservation,watershed

andculturalresourcesmanagement,andinfrastructureupkeep-thataffectthelivesofallAmericans.

Anothernationwideconcerniswhetherpublicfundsfromotheragenciesaregoingintoconstructionin

fire-pronedistricts.AsMoritzputsit,howoftenarefederaldollarsbuildinghomesthatarelikelytobe

losttoawildfire?"It'salreadyahugeproblemfromapublicexpenditureperspectiveforthewhole

country,"hesays.Weneedtotakeamagnifyingglasstothat.Like,“Waitaminute,isthisOK?”“Dowe

wantinsteadtoredirectthosefundstoconcentrateonlower-hazardpartsofthelandscape?^^

SuchaviewwouldrequireacorrespondingshiftinthewayUSsocietytodayviewsfire,researchers

say.

Foronething,conversationsaboutwildfiresneedtobemoreinclusive.Overthepastdecade,the

focushasbeenonclimatechange-howthewarmingoftheEarthfromgreenhousegasesisleadingto

conditionsthatworsenfires.

Whileclimateisakeyelement,Moritzsays,itshouldn'tcomeattheexpenseoftherestofthe

equation."Thehumansystemsandthelandscapesweliveonarelinked,andtheinteractionsgoboth

ways,“hesays.Failingtorecognizethat,henotes,leadsto“anoverlysimplifiedviewofwhatthe

solutionsmightbe.Ourperceptionoftheproblemandofwhatthesolutionisbecomesverylimited.99At

thesametime,peoplecontinuetotreatfireasaneventthatneedstobewhollycontrolledandunleashed

onlyoutofnecessity,saysProfessorBalchattheUniversityofColorado.Butacknowledgingfire's

inevitablepresenceinhumanlifeisanattitudecrucialtodevelopingthelaws,policies,andpracticesthat

makeitassafeaspossible,shesays."We'vedisconnectedourselvesfromlivingwithfire,“Balchsays.

“Itisreallyimportanttounderstandandtryandteaseoutwhatisthehumanconnectionwithfiretoday/9

36.Morefrequentwildfireshavebecomeanationalconcernbecausein2015they.

[A]exhaustedunprecedentedmanagementefforts

[B]consumedarecord-highpercentageofbudget

[C]severelydamagedtheecologyofwesternstates

[D]causedahugeriseofinfrastructureexpenditure

37.Moritzcallsfortheuseof“amagnifyingglass"to.

[A]raisemorefundsforfire-proneareas[B]avoidtheredirectionoffederalmoney

[C]findwildfire-freepartsofthelandscape[D]guaranteesaferspendingofpublicfunds

38.Whileadmittingthatclimateisakeyelement,Moritznotesthat.

[A]publicdebateshavenotsettledyet[B]fire-fightingconditionsareimproving

[C]otherfactorsshouldnotbeoverlooked[D]ashiftintheviewoffirehastakenplace

39.TheoverlysimplifiedviewMoritzmentionsisaresultoffailingto.

[A]discoverthefundamentalmakeupofnature

[B]explorethemechanismofthehumansystems

[C]maximizetheroleoflandscapeinhumanlife

[D]understandtheinterrelationsofmanandnature

40.ProfessorBalchpointsoutthatfireissomethingmanshould.

[A]doawaywith[B]cometotermswith

[C]payapricefor[D]keepawayfrom

PartB

Directions:Readthefollowingtextandmatcheachofthenumbereditemsintheleftcolumntoits

correspondinginformationintherightcolumn.Therearetwoextrachoicesintheright

column.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)

ThedeclineinAmericanmanufacturingisacommonrefrain,particularlyfromDonaldTrump."We

don'tmakeanythinganymore,“hetoldFoxNews,whiledefendinghisownmade-in-Mexicoclothing

line.

Withoutquestion,manufacturinghastakenasignificanthitduringrecentdecades,andfurthertrade

dealsraisequestionsaboutwhethernewshockscouldhitmanufacturing.

Butthereisalsoadifferentwaytolookatthedata.

Acrossthecountry,factoryownersarenowgrapplingwithanewchallenge:insteadofhavingtoo

manyworkers,theymayendupwithtoofew.Despitetradecompetitionandoutsourcing,American

manufacturingstillneedstoreplacetensofthousandsofretiringboomerseveryyear.Millennialsmaynot

bethatinterestedintakingtheirplace,otherindustriesarerecruitingthemwithsimilarorbetterpay.

Forfactoryowners,italladdsuptostiffcompetitionforworkers-andupwardpressureonwages.

“They'rehardertofindandtheyhavejoboffers,"saysJayDunwell,presidentofWolverineCoilSpring,

afamily-ownedfirm,"Theymaybecoming[intotheworkforce],butthey'vebeenpluckedbyother

industriesthatarealsodoinganwellasmanufacturing,Mr.Dunwellhasbegunbringinghighschool

juniorstothefactorysotheycangetexposedtoitsculture.

AtRoManManufacturing,amakerofelectricaltransformersandweldingequipmentthathisfather

cofoundedin1980,RobertRothkeepacloseeyeontheageofhisnearly200workers,fiveareretiring

thisyear.Mr.Rothhasthreecommunity-collegestudentsenrolledinawork-placementprogram,witha

startingwageof$13anhourthatrisesto$17aftertwoyears.

Ataworktableinsidethetransformerplant,youngJasonStenquistlooksflusteredbythecopper

coilshe'stryingtoassembleandthearrivaloftwovisitors.It'shisfirstweekonthejob.Askedabouthis

choiceofcareer,hesaysathighschoolheconsideredmedicalschoolbeforeswitchingtoelectrical

engineering.64Iloveworkingwithtools.Ilovecreating."hesays.

Buttowinovertheseyoungworkers,manufacturershavetoclearanothermajorhurdle:parents,

wholivedthroughtheworstUSeconomicdownturnsincetheGreatDepression,tellingthemtoavoidthe

factory.Millennials"remembertheirfatherandmotherbothwerelaidoff.Theyblameitonthe

manufacturingrecession/9saysBirgitKlohs,chiefexecutiveofTheRightPlace,abusinessdevelopment

agencyforwesternMichigan.

Theseconcernsaren'tmisplaced:Employmentinmanufacturinghasfallenfrom17millionin1970

to12millionin2013.Whentherecoverybegan,workershortagesfirstappearedinthehigh-skilledtrades.

Nowshortagesareappearingatthemid-skilllevels.

“Thegapisbetweenthejobsthattaketoskillsandthosethatrequirealotofskill,“saysRobSpohr,

abusinessprofessoratMontcalmCommunityCollege."There'reenoughpeopletofillthejobsat

McDonaldsandotherplaceswhereyoudon'tneedtohavemuchskill.Ifsthatgapinbetween,andthafs

wheretheproblemis.”

JulieParksofGrandRapidsCommunitypointstoanotherkeytoluringMillennialsinto

manufacturing:awork/lifebalance.Whiletheirparentswerecontenttoworklonghours,youngpeople

valueflexibility."Overtimeisnotattractivetothisgeneration.Theyreallywanttolivetheirlives,"she

says.

[A]saysthatheswitchedtoelectricalengineeringbecausehelovesworkingwith

tools.

41.JayDeuwell[B]pointsoutthatthereareenoughpeopletofillthejobsthatdon'tneedmuchskill.

42.JasonStenquist[C]pointsoutthattheUSdoesn'tmanufactureanythinganymore.

43.BirgitKlohs[D]believesthatitisimportanttokeepacloseeyeontheageofhisworkers.

44.RobSpohr[E]saysthatforfactoryowners,workersareha