英語(yǔ)模塊六公開(kāi)課導(dǎo)學(xué)案

英語(yǔ)公開(kāi)課導(dǎo)學(xué)案Verb-edform,verb-edphrases,thedifferencebetweenverb-ingandverb-ed沛縣第二中學(xué)朱繼瑞2013.10.28過(guò)去分詞是動(dòng)詞的一種非限定形式，它兼有動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞的特征，在句子中不可用作謂語(yǔ)，可用作表語(yǔ)，定語(yǔ)，狀語(yǔ)，補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)，主要表示主語(yǔ)的心理感覺(jué)或所處的狀態(tài)。如：HelooksveryexcitedDon’ttouchtheglassbecauseitisbroken.不要碰那個(gè)杯子，它是壞的。Heisquitepleasedwiththedesignofthedress.她很喜歡那禮服的式樣。從以上例子可看出，有些過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)用，相當(dāng)于形容詞，類似的有2)過(guò)去分詞做定語(yǔ)：?jiǎn)蝹€(gè)的過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)一般放在名詞的前面，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句。Theexcitedpeoplerushedintothebuilding.激動(dòng)的人們奔進(jìn)了大樓。＝。Weneedmorequalifiedteachers.我們需要更多合格的教師。＝●過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)通常放在被修飾的詞后面，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句。如：Isthereanythingplannedfortomorrow?明天有什么活動(dòng)嗎？Thesuggestionmadebytheforeignexpert（＝）wasadoptedbythemanager.●過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)也可用作非限制性定語(yǔ)，前后用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)。如：Thebooks,writtenbyLuXun,arepopularwithmanyChinesepeople.Themeeting,attendedbyonethousandstudents,wasasuccess.3)過(guò)去分詞做狀語(yǔ)：過(guò)去分詞和-ing分詞作狀語(yǔ)一樣，也可以表示時(shí)間、原因、條件、讓步、方式或伴隨情況等。表時(shí)間，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，有時(shí)過(guò)去分詞前可加連詞when或while來(lái)強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間概念.如：Seenfromthetopofthehill（＝）,thecitylookedlikeabiggarden.Accepted（＝）bytheParty,hedecidedtodevotehislifetothecauseoftheParty.②表原因，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)原因狀語(yǔ)從句。如：Deeplymovedbythestory,theexcitedpeoplestoppedquarrellingwitheachother.Encouragedbythespeech,theyoungpeoplemadeuptheirmindstotakeupthestruggle.③表?xiàng)l件，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)條件狀語(yǔ)從句，有時(shí)過(guò)去分詞前可用if等詞。如：Givenanotherchance（＝）,hewilldobetter.再給他一次機(jī)會(huì)，他會(huì)做得更好。Comparedwithyourbrother（＝）,youshouldmakegreatereffortstostudyEnglish.Ifheated（＝）,watercanbeturnedintosteam.水如果被加熱，會(huì)變成水蒸氣。④表讓步，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)though/although引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。如：Exhaustedbytherunning,theywentonrunningaftertherobber.盡管已經(jīng)跑得筋疲力盡，他們還是繼續(xù)追趕著那個(gè)強(qiáng)盜。Laughedatbymanypeople（＝）,hecontinuedhisstudy.盡管被許多人嘲笑，他還是繼續(xù)他的研究。⑤表方式或伴隨情況。如：Theoldmanwentintotheroom,supportedbyhiswife.Seatedatthetable,myfatherandIweretalkingaboutmyjob.4)過(guò)去分詞作補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)：過(guò)去分詞可以在see,hear,notice,watch,find,get,have,feel,make,leave,keep等詞后與一名詞或代詞構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)，用作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)。如：Shefoundthedoorclosed.Whenwillyougotothehospitalandhaveyourtoothexamined?你何時(shí)去醫(yī)院檢查你的牙齒？Whenyouaremakingaspeech,youshouldspeakloudertomakeyourselfheard.當(dāng)這類句子變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，過(guò)去分詞用作主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)。如：Oneoftheglasseswasfoundbroken.有人發(fā)現(xiàn)其中一個(gè)杯子破了。Theyshouldbekeptinformedofthesituationthere.應(yīng)該讓他們知道那兒的形勢(shì)。幾點(diǎn)補(bǔ)充1.過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，它的邏輯主語(yǔ)一般必須和句子的主語(yǔ)相一致。如：Whenaskedwhyhecamehere,theboykeptsilent.當(dāng)那男孩被問(wèn)到為何來(lái)這里時(shí)他沉默不語(yǔ)。Bornandbroughtupinthecountryside,hewasinterestedinbiology.由于在農(nóng)村出生并長(zhǎng)大，他對(duì)生物很感興趣。2.動(dòng)詞have后所接的三種賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)：havesomebody/somethingdosomething不定式作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)必須省去to,不定式動(dòng)作由賓語(yǔ)發(fā)出，表示一次性的動(dòng)作。如：Ihadtheworkersdothejobforme.我讓工人們替我完成了工作。Jimoftenhashisfatherhelphimwithhishomework.吉姆經(jīng)常讓他的父親幫助做家庭作業(yè)。havesomebody/somethingdoingsomething-ing分詞作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)，分詞動(dòng)作也由賓語(yǔ)發(fā)出，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的延續(xù)或正在進(jìn)行。如：Theyhadthetractorworkingallthetime.他們讓拖拉機(jī)一直工作著。Wewon’thavethechildtalkingtohismotherlikethat.我們不能讓那孩子那樣對(duì)他的媽媽說(shuō)話。havesomebody/somethingdone過(guò)去分詞作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)和補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)之間有邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系，通常有兩種情況：①主語(yǔ)讓別人做某事，強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ)的意志。如：Hehadhishaircutyesterday.他昨天理發(fā)了。②主語(yǔ)遭到某種不幸或陷入惡劣的環(huán)境，說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)的一種無(wú)意識(shí)的被動(dòng)行為。如：Hehadhislegbrokeninthematchlastmonth.他在上星期的比賽中摔斷了腿。3.過(guò)去分詞和–ing分詞作表語(yǔ)的區(qū)別：過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)通常表示主語(yǔ)所處的狀態(tài)或感受，而-ing分詞作表語(yǔ)多表示主語(yǔ)所具有的特征，如：Hearingthenews,wefeltverysurprised.Thenewsisverysurprising.這個(gè)消息很令人驚訝。Theywerefrightenedtohearthefrighteningsound.他們聽(tīng)到那可怕的聲音很害怕。Atthesightofthemovingscene,allthepeoplepresentweremovedtotears.英語(yǔ)中這樣的分詞還有很多，如：4.過(guò)去分詞和–ing分詞作定語(yǔ)的區(qū)別：過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)和-ing分詞作定語(yǔ)有一定的區(qū)別。試比較下面幾組短語(yǔ)：boiledwater開(kāi)水boilingwater正沸騰的水developedcountries發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家developingcountries發(fā)展中國(guó)家fallenleavesfallingleaveschangedconditionchangingcondition由此可見(jiàn)，過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)通常表示完成的或被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作；而-ing分詞作定語(yǔ)可以表示正在進(jìn)行的主動(dòng)的動(dòng)作。5．用分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，還應(yīng)注意在句子主語(yǔ)和分詞短語(yǔ)之間不能使用并列連詞。如：［誤］Notknowingwhattodo，sosheaskedherfriendsforadvice．［正］Notknowingwhattodo，sheaskedherfriendsforadvice．6、同學(xué)們還要注意某些現(xiàn)在分詞可用來(lái)表示說(shuō)話人對(duì)所說(shuō)的話所持的看法或態(tài)度，它們已變成固定詞組，在句中作獨(dú)立成分，與句子主語(yǔ)無(wú)關(guān)。這類現(xiàn)在分詞常見(jiàn)的有：generallyspeaking（一般地說(shuō)），strictlyspeaking（嚴(yán)格地說(shuō)），judgingfrom／by．．．（從……來(lái)判斷），talkingof．．．（說(shuō)到……），considering．．．（考慮到……），supposing．．．（假定……）等。如：Generallyspeaking，itisnoteasyforaforeignertolearnChinesewellinashorttime．Consideringeverything，itwasn'tabadholiday．7、分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，它的邏輯主語(yǔ)應(yīng)和句子主語(yǔ)相一致。分詞與主語(yǔ)之間如果是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，就用現(xiàn)在分詞；如果是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，則用過(guò)去分詞。例如：Hearingthegoodnews，wecouldn'thelpjumpingwithjoy．（＝Whenweheardthegoodnews，wecouldn'thelpjumpingwithjoy．）Seenfromthehills，theWestLakeisverybeautiful．（＝TheWestLakeisverybeautifulwhenitisseenfromthehills．）8、如果分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)和主句的主語(yǔ)不是同一個(gè)人或物時(shí)，就要用從句或獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)代替分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)。如：AsitwasSunday，thestreetswereespeciallycrowded．或：ItbeingSunday，thestreetswereespeciallycrowded．鞏固練習(xí)1.Jack,I’mgoingtoBeijingtohaveatrip.Doyouhaveanythingtoyourfriends?A.totakeB.tobetakenC.takenD.taking2.Ifyourcompositionbytheendofthisweekisdelayed,you’resuretolosesomepointsfromyourfinalresults.A.tobefinishedB.isfinishedC.willhavebeenfinishedD.finishing3.---Hedidn’tfeelabitnervouswhen.---No,he’dhadalotoftimeforitafterall.A.interviewing,toprepareB.interviewed,toprepareC.interviewing,preparingD.beinginterviewed,preparing4.AnAirFrancejetisreportedintheAtlanticOceanwith228peopleaboard,theairline’sworstdisasterinits75-yearhistory.A.tohavecrashed.B.tohavebeencrashedC.havingcrashedD.havingbeencrashed5.AlocalpublicityofficialsaidatramplingaccidenthappenedataprivateschoolinXiangtanCity,HumanProvince,8deadand26A.leave,injuredB.left,injuredC.leaving,injuringD.leaving,injured6.alltherequiredpapers,hedidn’tanswerthequestionsfluentlyinclass.A.HavingnotreadB.NothavingreadC.NotreadD.Nottotread7.tomuchsunlight,asisgenerallyconsidered,willaddtothepotentialofcatchingskincancer.A.BeingexposedB.ExposedC.ExposingD.Toexpose8.Childrenabove12areabletotakepartinskiingorotheractivitiesforthem.A.havingdesignedB.designingC.todesignD.designed9.Asweallknow,newspaper,magazinesandradiosaswellastelevisionbroadcastcankeepusaboutwhatishappeningathomeandabroad.A.informingB.informedC.toinformD.beinginformed10.intheriverfor5hours,thethieflookedverypaleandexhausted.A.HavingbeentrappedB.BeingtrappedC.TrappingD.HavingtrappedExercise1.I'mgoingtohavemycar.A.tobefixedB.tofixC.fixedD.tofix2.What'sthelanguageinGermany?A.speakingB.spokenC.bespokenD.tospeak3.someofficials,Napoleoninspectedhisarmy.A.FollowedB.FollowedbyC.BeingfollowedD.havingbeenfollowedby4.Hehadhisleginthematchyesterday.A.tobreakB.brokenC.breakD.breaking5.Mostofthepeopletothepartywerefamousscientists.A.invitedB.toinviteC.beinginvitedD.inviting6.moreattention,thetreescouldhavegrownbetter.A.GivenB.TogiveC.GivingD.Havinggiven7.Themurdererwasbroughtin,withhishandsbehindhisback.A.beingtiedB.havingtiedC.tobetiedD.tied8.Thecomputercenter,lastyear,isverypopularamongthestudentsinthisschool.A.openB.openingC.havingopenedD.opened9.inthought,healmostranintothecarinfrontofhim.A.LosingB.HavinglostC.LostD.Tolose10.TheOlympicGames,in776BC,didn'