英語模塊六公開課導學案

英語公開課導學案Verb-edform,verb-edphrases,thedifferencebetweenverb-ingandverb-ed沛縣第二中學朱繼瑞2013.10.28過去分詞是動詞的一種非限定形式，它兼有動詞、形容詞、副詞的特征，在句子中不可用作謂語，可用作表語，定語，狀語，補足語。過去分詞作表語，主要表示主語的心理感覺或所處的狀態(tài)。如：HelooksveryexcitedDon’ttouchtheglassbecauseitisbroken.不要碰那個杯子，它是壞的。Heisquitepleasedwiththedesignofthedress.她很喜歡那禮服的式樣。從以上例子可看出，有些過去分詞作表語用，相當于形容詞，類似的有2)過去分詞做定語：單個的過去分詞作定語一般放在名詞的前面，相當于一個定語從句。Theexcitedpeoplerushedintothebuilding.激動的人們奔進了大樓。＝。Weneedmorequalifiedteachers.我們需要更多合格的教師。＝●過去分詞短語作定語通常放在被修飾的詞后面，相當于一個定語從句。如：Isthereanythingplannedfortomorrow?明天有什么活動嗎？Thesuggestionmadebytheforeignexpert（＝）wasadoptedbythemanager.●過去分詞作定語也可用作非限制性定語，前后用逗號隔開。如：Thebooks,writtenbyLuXun,arepopularwithmanyChinesepeople.Themeeting,attendedbyonethousandstudents,wasasuccess.3)過去分詞做狀語：過去分詞和-ing分詞作狀語一樣，也可以表示時間、原因、條件、讓步、方式或伴隨情況等。表時間，相當于一個時間狀語從句，有時過去分詞前可加連詞when或while來強調(diào)時間概念.如：Seenfromthetopofthehill（＝）,thecitylookedlikeabiggarden.Accepted（＝）bytheParty,hedecidedtodevotehislifetothecauseoftheParty.②表原因，相當于一個原因狀語從句。如：Deeplymovedbythestory,theexcitedpeoplestoppedquarrellingwitheachother.Encouragedbythespeech,theyoungpeoplemadeuptheirmindstotakeupthestruggle.③表條件，相當于一個條件狀語從句，有時過去分詞前可用if等詞。如：Givenanotherchance（＝）,hewilldobetter.再給他一次機會，他會做得更好。Comparedwithyourbrother（＝）,youshouldmakegreatereffortstostudyEnglish.Ifheated（＝）,watercanbeturnedintosteam.水如果被加熱，會變成水蒸氣。④表讓步，相當于一個though/although引導的讓步狀語從句。如：Exhaustedbytherunning,theywentonrunningaftertherobber.盡管已經(jīng)跑得筋疲力盡，他們還是繼續(xù)追趕著那個強盜。Laughedatbymanypeople（＝）,hecontinuedhisstudy.盡管被許多人嘲笑，他還是繼續(xù)他的研究。⑤表方式或伴隨情況。如：Theoldmanwentintotheroom,supportedbyhiswife.Seatedatthetable,myfatherandIweretalkingaboutmyjob.4)過去分詞作補足語：過去分詞可以在see,hear,notice,watch,find,get,have,feel,make,leave,keep等詞后與一名詞或代詞構成復合賓語，用作賓語補語。如：Shefoundthedoorclosed.Whenwillyougotothehospitalandhaveyourtoothexamined?你何時去醫(yī)院檢查你的牙齒？Whenyouaremakingaspeech,youshouldspeakloudertomakeyourselfheard.當這類句子變成被動語態(tài)時，過去分詞用作主語補語。如：Oneoftheglasseswasfoundbroken.有人發(fā)現(xiàn)其中一個杯子破了。Theyshouldbekeptinformedofthesituationthere.應該讓他們知道那兒的形勢。幾點補充1.過去分詞作狀語時，它的邏輯主語一般必須和句子的主語相一致。如：Whenaskedwhyhecamehere,theboykeptsilent.當那男孩被問到為何來這里時他沉默不語。Bornandbroughtupinthecountryside,hewasinterestedinbiology.由于在農(nóng)村出生并長大，他對生物很感興趣。2.動詞have后所接的三種賓語補語：havesomebody/somethingdosomething不定式作補語必須省去to,不定式動作由賓語發(fā)出，表示一次性的動作。如：Ihadtheworkersdothejobforme.我讓工人們替我完成了工作。Jimoftenhashisfatherhelphimwithhishomework.吉姆經(jīng)常讓他的父親幫助做家庭作業(yè)。havesomebody/somethingdoingsomething-ing分詞作補語，分詞動作也由賓語發(fā)出，強調(diào)動作的延續(xù)或正在進行。如：Theyhadthetractorworkingallthetime.他們讓拖拉機一直工作著。Wewon’thavethechildtalkingtohismotherlikethat.我們不能讓那孩子那樣對他的媽媽說話。havesomebody/somethingdone過去分詞作補語，賓語和補足語之間有邏輯上的被動關系，通常有兩種情況：①主語讓別人做某事，強調(diào)主語的意志。如：Hehadhishaircutyesterday.他昨天理發(fā)了。②主語遭到某種不幸或陷入惡劣的環(huán)境，說明賓語的一種無意識的被動行為。如：Hehadhislegbrokeninthematchlastmonth.他在上星期的比賽中摔斷了腿。3.過去分詞和–ing分詞作表語的區(qū)別：過去分詞作表語通常表示主語所處的狀態(tài)或感受，而-ing分詞作表語多表示主語所具有的特征，如：Hearingthenews,wefeltverysurprised.Thenewsisverysurprising.這個消息很令人驚訝。Theywerefrightenedtohearthefrighteningsound.他們聽到那可怕的聲音很害怕。Atthesightofthemovingscene,allthepeoplepresentweremovedtotears.英語中這樣的分詞還有很多，如：4.過去分詞和–ing分詞作定語的區(qū)別：過去分詞作定語和-ing分詞作定語有一定的區(qū)別。試比較下面幾組短語：boiledwater開水boilingwater正沸騰的水developedcountries發(fā)達國家developingcountries發(fā)展中國家fallenleavesfallingleaveschangedconditionchangingcondition由此可見，過去分詞作定語通常表示完成的或被動的動作；而-ing分詞作定語可以表示正在進行的主動的動作。5．用分詞短語作狀語時，還應注意在句子主語和分詞短語之間不能使用并列連詞。如：［誤］Notknowingwhattodo，sosheaskedherfriendsforadvice．［正］Notknowingwhattodo，sheaskedherfriendsforadvice．6、同學們還要注意某些現(xiàn)在分詞可用來表示說話人對所說的話所持的看法或態(tài)度，它們已變成固定詞組，在句中作獨立成分，與句子主語無關。這類現(xiàn)在分詞常見的有：generallyspeaking（一般地說），strictlyspeaking（嚴格地說），judgingfrom／by．．．（從……來判斷），talkingof．．．（說到……），considering．．．（考慮到……），supposing．．．（假定……）等。如：Generallyspeaking，itisnoteasyforaforeignertolearnChinesewellinashorttime．Consideringeverything，itwasn'tabadholiday．7、分詞作狀語時，它的邏輯主語應和句子主語相一致。分詞與主語之間如果是主動關系，就用現(xiàn)在分詞；如果是被動關系，則用過去分詞。例如：Hearingthegoodnews，wecouldn'thelpjumpingwithjoy．（＝Whenweheardthegoodnews，wecouldn'thelpjumpingwithjoy．）Seenfromthehills，theWestLakeisverybeautiful．（＝TheWestLakeisverybeautifulwhenitisseenfromthehills．）8、如果分詞的邏輯主語和主句的主語不是同一個人或物時，就要用從句或獨立主格結(jié)構代替分詞短語作狀語。如：AsitwasSunday，thestreetswereespeciallycrowded．或：ItbeingSunday，thestreetswereespeciallycrowded．鞏固練習1.Jack,I’mgoingtoBeijingtohaveatrip.Doyouhaveanythingtoyourfriends?A.totakeB.tobetakenC.takenD.taking2.Ifyourcompositionbytheendofthisweekisdelayed,you’resuretolosesomepointsfromyourfinalresults.A.tobefinishedB.isfinishedC.willhavebeenfinishedD.finishing3.---Hedidn’tfeelabitnervouswhen.---No,he’dhadalotoftimeforitafterall.A.interviewing,toprepareB.interviewed,toprepareC.interviewing,preparingD.beinginterviewed,preparing4.AnAirFrancejetisreportedintheAtlanticOceanwith228peopleaboard,theairline’sworstdisasterinits75-yearhistory.A.tohavecrashed.B.tohavebeencrashedC.havingcrashedD.havingbeencrashed5.AlocalpublicityofficialsaidatramplingaccidenthappenedataprivateschoolinXiangtanCity,HumanProvince,8deadand26A.leave,injuredB.left,injuredC.leaving,injuringD.leaving,injured6.alltherequiredpapers,hedidn’tanswerthequestionsfluentlyinclass.A.HavingnotreadB.NothavingreadC.NotreadD.Nottotread7.tomuchsunlight,asisgenerallyconsidered,willaddtothepotentialofcatchingskincancer.A.BeingexposedB.ExposedC.ExposingD.Toexpose8.Childrenabove12areabletotakepartinskiingorotheractivitiesforthem.A.havingdesignedB.designingC.todesignD.designed9.Asweallknow,newspaper,magazinesandradiosaswellastelevisionbroadcastcankeepusaboutwhatishappeningathomeandabroad.A.informingB.informedC.toinformD.beinginformed10.intheriverfor5hours,thethieflookedverypaleandexhausted.A.HavingbeentrappedB.BeingtrappedC.TrappingD.HavingtrappedExercise1.I'mgoingtohavemycar.A.tobefixedB.tofixC.fixedD.tofix2.What'sthelanguageinGermany?A.speakingB.spokenC.bespokenD.tospeak3.someofficials,Napoleoninspectedhisarmy.A.FollowedB.FollowedbyC.BeingfollowedD.havingbeenfollowedby4.Hehadhisleginthematchyesterday.A.tobreakB.brokenC.breakD.breaking5.Mostofthepeopletothepartywerefamousscientists.A.invitedB.toinviteC.beinginvitedD.inviting6.moreattention,thetreescouldhavegrownbetter.A.GivenB.TogiveC.GivingD.Havinggiven7.Themurdererwasbroughtin,withhishandsbehindhisback.A.beingtiedB.havingtiedC.tobetiedD.tied8.Thecomputercenter,lastyear,isverypopularamongthestudentsinthisschool.A.openB.openingC.havingopenedD.opened9.inthought,healmostranintothecarinfrontofhim.A.LosingB.HavinglostC.LostD.Tolose10.TheOlympicGames,in776BC,didn'