托福IBT閱讀-分類讀文章(文章+題目+答案)

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托福IBT閱讀——分類讀文章（文章+題目+答案）

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ARTS

TheHouseofNativeAmericanTribe

TheearliestAmericanfolkartportraits

TheMusicofFilms

BarbaraKasten

TheWorksofJoyceCarolOates

ThePrintedWord

TheArtNouveauStyle

ArtsandCraftsMovement

LIFESCIENCE

BiologicalDiversity

TheCommonSeaCucumber

LivingThings'WayofLiving

TheHistoryofClinicalNutrition

NervousSystemofVertebrates

TheAnimal'sSenseofSelf

Orchids

OrganicFoods

PheromonesProducedbyInsects

TheBasisofHypersensitiveResistance

TheMicroscopicTechnique

TheGenesisofLife

PHYSICALSCIENCE

ManyTypesofWeather

InvestigationoftheDeep-Ocean

SurgeGlaciers

ClimatesandFarminginAmerica

AnAirPollutant

ThePlanetsofJupiter

TheSun

TheConceptoftheLaser

TheResponseofBabiestoHumanVoice

TheVisionofHuman

Newton'slawsofmotion

Crows

TheConceptofNumberandtheCountingProcess

TheEarth'sCrustandtheUpperMantle

TheOriginationofBirds

DesertAnimals

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SOCIALSCIENCE

TheFirstPeoplesinAmerica

TheDevelopmentofEuropeanLanguage

TransportationintheUnitedStates

TheRoleofTelevisioninPolitics

TheEatingandDietaryHabitsofHominids

SkillsofChildren

EducationintheUnitedStates

DomesticMigrationInUnitedStates

AReasaultofaResearchaboutLeaders

TheeffectoftheBabyBoom

Archaeology

uUrban"and“Rural”PopulationintheUni

tedStates

Railroad

TheMeteoricRiseofLosAngeles

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ARTS-5-

TheHouseofNativeAmericanTribe-5-

TheearliestAmericanfolkartportraits-8-

TheMusicofFilms-11-

BiologicalDiversity-27-

PHYSICALSCIENCE-60-

ManyTypesofWeather-60-

TheConceptofNumberandtheCountingProcess-92-

SOCIALSCIENCE-103-

TheFirstPeoplesinAmerica-103-

EducationintheUnitedStates-119-

ARTS答案-141-

LIFESCIENCE答案-141-

PHYSICALSCIENCE答案-141-

SOCIALSCIENCE答案-142-

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ARTS

TheHouseofNativeAmericanTribe

Keywords:UnitedStates,pueblos,buildings,chambers,niches

AnotherearlyNativeAmericantribeinwhatisnowthesouthwesternpartoftheUnitedStateswas

theAnasazi.ByA.D.800theAnasaziIndianswereconstructingmultistorypueblos-massive,

stoneapartmentcompounds.Eachonewasvirtuallyastonetown,whichiswhytheSpanish

wouldlatercallthempueblos,theSpanishwordfortowns.Thesepueblosrepresentoneofthe

Anasazis*supremeachievements.Atleastadozenlargestonehousestookshapebelowthebluffs

ofChiacoCanyoninnorthwestNewMexico.Theywerebuiltwithmasonrywallsmorethana

meterthickandadjoiningapartmentstoaccommodatedozens,evenhundreds,offamilies.The

largest,laternamedPuebloBonito(PrettyTown)bytheSpanish,roseinfiveterracedstories,

containedmorethan800rooms,andcouldhavehousedapopulationof1,000ormore.

Besideslivingquarters,eachpuebloincludedoneormorekivas-circularundergroundchambers

facedwithstone.Theyfunctionedassanctuarieswheretheeldersmettoplanfestivals,perform

ritualdances,settlepuebloaffairs,andimparttriballoretotheyoungergeneration.Somekivas

wereenormous.Ofthe30orsoatPuebloBonito,twomeasured20metersacross.Theycontained

nichesforceremonialobjects,acentralfirepit,andholesinthefloorforcommunicatingwiththe

spiritsoftribalancestors.

Eachpueblorepresentedanastonishingamountofwell-organizedlabor.Usingonlystoneand

woodtools,andwithoutbenefitofwheelsordraftanimals,thebuildersquarriedtonupontonof

sandstonefromthecanyonwalls,cutitintosmallblocks,hauledtheblockstotheconstructionsite,

andfittedthemtogetherwithmudmorlar.Roofbeamsofpineorfirhadtobecarriedfromlogging

areasinthemountainforestsmanykilometersaway.Then,toconnectthepueblosandtogive

accesstothesurroundingtableland,thearchitectslaidoutasystemofpublicroadswithstone

staircasesforascendingclifffaces.Intime,theroadsreachedouttomorethan80satellitevillages

withina60-kilometerradius.

1.Theparagraphprecedingthepassagemostprobablydiscussed

(A)howpuebloswerebuilt

(B)anotherNativeAmericantribe

(C)Anasazicraftsandweapons

(D)pueblovillagesinNewMexico

2.Whatisthemaintopicofthepassage?

(A)TheAnasazipueblos

(B)AnasazifestivalsofNewMexico

(C)TheorganizationoftheAnasazitribe

(D)TheuseofAnasazisanctuaries

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3.Theword"supreme"inline5isclosestinmeaningto

(A)mostcommon

(B)mostoutstanding

(C)mostexpensive

(D)mostconvenient

4.Theword"They"inline7refersto

(A)houses

(B)bluffs

(C)walls

(D)families

5.TheauthormentionsthatPueblobonitohadmorethan800roomsasanexampleofwhichof

thefollowing?

(A)Howovercrowdedthepuebloscouldbe

(B)Howmanyceremonialareasitcontained

(C)Hoemuchsandstonewasneededtobuildit

(D)Howbigapueblocouldbe

6.Theword"settle"inline14isclosestinmeaningto

(A)sink

(B)decide

(C)clarify

(D)locate

7.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatbuildingapuebloprobably

(A)requiredmanyworkers

(B)costalotofmoney

(C)involvedtheuseoffarmanimals

(D)reliedonsophisticatedtechnology

8.Theword"ascending1'inline26isclosestinmeaningto

(A)arrivingat

(B)carving

(C)connecting

(D)climbing

9.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatinadditiontopueblostheAnasaziswereskilledat

buildingwhichofthefollowing?

(A)Roads

(B)Barns

(C)Monuments

(D)Watersystems

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10.ThepueblosareconsideredoneoftheAnasazis*supremeachievementsforallofthefollowing

reasonsEXCEPTthattheywere

(A)verylarge

(B)locatedinforests

(C)builtwithsimpletools

(D)connectedinasystematicway

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TheearliestAmericanfolkartportraits

Keywords:portraits,portraiture,artists,crafttradition,anoriginalportrait</keywords>

WhatwetodaycallAmericafolkartwas,indeed,artof,by,andforordinary,everyday"folks"

who,withincreasingprosperityandleisure,createdamarketforartofallkinds,andespeciallyfor

portraits.Citizensofprosperous,essentiallymiddle-classrepublics-whetherancientRomans,

seventeenth-centuryDutchburghers,ornineteenth-centuryAmericans-havealwaysshowna

markedtasteforportraiture.Startinginthelateeighteenthcentury,theUnitedStatescontained

increasingnumbersofsuchpeople,andoftheartistswhocouldmeettheirdemands.

TheearliestAmericanfolkartportraitscome,notsurprisingly,fromNewEngland-especially

ConnecticutandMassachusetts-forthiswasawealthyandpopulousregionandthecenterofa

strongcrafttradition.WithinafewdecadesafterthesigningoftheDeclarationofIndependencein

1776,thepopulationwaspushingwestward,andportraitpainterscouldbefoundatworkin

westernNewYork,Ohio,Kentucky,Illinois,andMissouri.Midwaythroughitsfirstcenturyasa

nation,theUnitedStates*populationhadincreasedroughlyfivetime,andelevennewstateshad

beenaddedtotheoriginalthirteen.Duringtheseyearsthedemandforportraitsgrewandgrew,

eventuallytobesatisfiedbythecamera.In1839thedaguerreotypewasintroducedtoAmerica,

usheringintheageofphotography,andwithinagenerationthenewinventionputanendtothe

popularityofpaintedportraits.Onceagainanoriginalportraitbecamealuxury,commissionedby

thewealthyandexecutedbytheprofessional.

Butintheheydayofportraitpainting-fromthelateeighteenthcenturyuntilthe1850's-anyone

withamodicumofartisticabilitycouldbecomealimner,assuchaportraitistwascalled.Local

craftspeople-sign,coach,andhousepainters-begantopaintportraitsasaprofitablesideline;

sometimesatalentedmanorwomanwhobeganbysketchingfamilymembersgainedalocal

reputationandwasbesiegedwithrequestsforportraits;artistsfounditworththeirwhiletopack

theirpaints,canvases,andbrushesandtotravelthecountryside,oftencombininghousedecorating

withportraitpainting.

39.Inlines4-5theauthormentionsseventeenth-centuryDutchburghersasanexampleofagroup

that

(A)consistedmainlyofselftaughtartists

(B)appreciatedportraits

(C)influencedAmericanfolkart

(D)hadlittletimeforthearts

40.Theword"marked”inline5isclosestinmeaningto

(A)pronounced

(B)fortunate

(C)understandable

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(D)mysterious

41.Accordingtothepassage,whereweremanyofthefirstAmericanfolkartportraitspainted?

(A)InwesternNewYork

(B)InIllinoisandMissouri

(C)InConnecticutandMassachusetts

(D)InOhio

42.Theword"this"inline9refersto

(A)astrongcrafttradition

(B)Americanfolkart

(C)NewEngland

(D)westernNewYork

43.HowmuchdidthepopulationoftheUnitedStatesincreaseinthefirstfiftyyearsfollowing

independence?

(A)Itbecamethreetimeslarger.

(B)Itbecamefivetimeslarger.

(C)Itbecameeleventimeslarger.

(D)Itbecamethirteentimeslarger.

44.Thephrase"usheringin"inline17isclosestinmeaningto

(A)beginning

(B)demanding

(C)publishing

(D)increasing

45.Therelationshipbetweenthedaguerreotype(line16)andthepaintedportraitissimilartothe

relationshipbetweentheautomobileandthe

(A)highway

(B)driver

(C)horse-drawncarriage

(D)engine

46.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingcontributedtoadeclineinthedemandfor

paintedportraits?

(A)Thelackofastrongcrafttradition

(B)Thewestwardmigrationofmanypainters

(C)Thegrowingpreferenceforlandscapepaintings

(D)Theinventionofthecamera

47.Theword"executed"inline19isclosestinmeaningto

(A)sold

(B)requested

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(C)admired

(D)created

48.Theauthorimpliesthatmostlimners(line22)

(A)receivedinstructionfromtravelingteachers

(B)werewomen

(C)werefromwealthyfamilies

(D)hadnoformalarttraining

49.Theword"sketching"inline25isclosestinmeaningto

(A)drawing

(B)hiring

(C)helping

(D)discussing

50.Whereinthepassagedoestheauthorprovideadefinition?

(A)Lines3-6

(B)Lines8-10

(C)Lines13-15

(D)Lines21-23

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TheMusicofFilms

Keywords:films,music,pianists,orchestras,conductor

Accustomedthoughwearetospeakingofthefilmsmadebefore1927as“silent,"thefilmhas

neverbeen,inthefullsenseoftheword,silent.Fromtheverybeginning,musicwasregardedas

anindispensableaccompaniment;whentheLumierefilmswereshownatthefirstpublicfilm

exhibitionintheUnitedStatesinFebruary1896,theywereaccompaniedbypianoimprovisations

onpopulartunes.Atfirst,themusicplayedborenospecialrelationshiptothefilms;an

accompanimentofanykindwassufficient.Withinaveryshorttime,however,theincongruityof

playinglivelymusictoasolemnfilmbecameapparent,andfilmpianistsbegantotakesomecare

inmatchingtheirpiecestothemoodofthefilm.

Asmovietheatersgrewinnumberandimportance,aviolinist,andperhapsacellist,wouldbe

addedtothepianistincertaincases,andinthelargermovietheaterssmallorchestraswereformed.

Foranumberofyearstheselectionofmusicforeachfilmprogramrestedentirelyinthehandsof

theconductororleaderoftheorchestra,andveryoftentheprincipalqualificationforholdingsuch

apositionwasnotskillortastesomuchastheownershipofalargepersonallibraryofmusical

pieces.Sincetheconductorseldomsawthefilmsuntilthenightbeforetheyweretobeshownif,

indeed,theconductorwasluckyenoughtoseethemthen,themusicalaiTangementwasnormally

improvisedinthegreatesthurry.

Tohelpmeetthisdifficulty,filmdistributingcompaniesstartedthepracticeofpublishing

suggestionsformusicalaccompaniments.In1909,forexample,theEdisonCompanybegan

issuingwiththeirfilmssuchindicationsofmoodas"pleasant/nsad,""lively."Thesuggestions

becamemoreexplicit,andsoemergedthemusicalcuesheetcontainingindicationsofmood,the

titlesofsuitablepiecesofmusic,andprecisedirectionstoshowwhereonepieceledintothenext.

Certainfilmshadmusicespeciallycomposedforthem.Themostfamousoftheseearlyspecial

scoreswasthatcomposedandarrangedforD.W.Griffith'sfilmBirthofaNation,whichwas

releasedin1915.

11.Thepassagemainlydiscussesmusicthatwas

(A)performedbeforetheshowingofafilm

(B)playedduringsilentfilms

(C)specificallycomposedforcertainmovietheaters

(D)recordedduringfilmexhibitions

12.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassageaboutthemajorityoffilmsmadeafter1927?

(A)Theyweretruly"silent."

(B)Theywereaccompaniedbysymphonicorchestras.

(C)Theyincorporatedthesoundoftheactors'voices.

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(D)Theycorrespondedtospecificmusicalcompositions.

13.Theword"solemn"inline7isclosestinmeaningto

(A)simple

(B)serious

(C)short

(D)silent

14.Itcanbeinferredthatorchestraconductorswhoworkedinmovietheatersneededto

(A)beabletoplaymanyinstruments

(B)havepleasantvoices

(C)befamiliarwithawidevarietyofmusic

(D)beabletocomposeoriginalmusic

15.Theword"them"inline17refersto

(A)years

(B)hands

(C)pieces

(D)films

16.Accordingtothepassage,whatkindofbusinesswastheEdisonCompany?

(A)Itproducedelectricity.

(B)Itdistributedfilms.

(C)Itpublishedmusicalarrangements.

(D)Itmademusicalinstruments.

17.Itmaybeinferredfromthepassagethatthefirstmusicalcuesheetsappearedaround

(A)1896

(B)1909

(C)1915

(D)1927

18.Whichofthefollowingnotationsismostlikelytohavebeenincludedonamusicalcuesheet

oftheearly19001s?

(A)"Calm,peaceful1'

(B)"Piano,violin"

(C)"KeyofCmajor"

(D)''DirectedbyD.W.Griffith1'

19.Theword"composed"inline26isclosestinmeaningto

(A)selected

(B)combined

(C)played

(D)created

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20.Theword"scores"inline26isclosestinmeaningto

(A)totals

(B)successes

(C)musicalcompositions

(D)groupsofmusicians

21.Thepassageprobablycontinueswithadiscussionof

(A)famouscomposersoftheearlytwentiethcentury

(B)otherfilmsdirectedbyD.W.Griffith

(C)silentfilmsbyotherdirectors

(D)themusicinBirthofaNation

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BarbaraKasten

Keywords:photographs,objects,camera,image,equipment

BarbaraKastenisanartistwhomakesphotographsofconstructionsthatshecreatesforthe

purposeofphotographingthem.Inherstudioshean*angesobjectssuchasmirrors,solidforms,

andflatsurfacesintowhatcouldbecalledlargestilllifearrangements,bigenoughtowalkinto.

Shelightstheconstruction,thenrearrangesandrephotographsituntilshearrivesatafinalimage.

Shealsophotographsawayfromherstudioatvariousarchitecturalsites,bringingcamera,lights,

mirrors,andacrewofassistantstotransformthesiteintoherownabstractimage.

Kastenstartsastudioconstructionwithasimpleproblem,suchasusingseveralcircularand

rectangularmirrors.Sheputsthefirstobjectsinplace,setsupacamera,thengoesbackandforth

arrangingobjectsandseeinghowtheyappearinthecamera.Eventuallyshemakesinstantcolor

printstoseewhattheimagelookslike.Atfirstsheworksonlywithobjects,concentratingontheir

composition;thenshelightsthemandaddscolorfromlightscoveredwithcoloredfilters.

Awayfromthestudio,atarchitecturalsites,thecostofthecrewandtheequipmentrentalmeans

shehastoknowinadvancewhatshewantstodo.

Shevisitseachlocationseveraltimestomakesketchesandtestshots.Untilshebringsinthelights,

however,shecannotpredictexactlywhattheywilldototheimage,sothereissomeimprovising

onthespot.

12.Whatdoesthepassagemanydiscuss?

(A)Thetechniquesofaphotographer

(B)Theadvantagesofstudiophotography

(C)Industrialconstructionsites

(D)Anarchitectwhoappreciatesfineart

13.Whichofthefollowingwouldbeanexampleofoneofthe"constructions1'referredtoinline

1?

(A)Astilllifearrangement

(B)Naturallandscapes

(C)Aninstantcolorprint

(D)Acoloredfilter

14.Inline2,whydoestheauthormentionminors?

(A)Theyarepartofthecamera.

(B)Kastenusesthemassubjects.

(C)Thecrewneedsthem.

(D)Photographymirrorslife.

15.Theword"transform”inline6isclosestinmeaningto

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(A)move

(B)extend

(C)change

(D)interpret

16.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatKastenmakesinstantprintsto

(A)giveaway

(B)sellassouvenirs

(C)includeaspartoftheconstruction

(D)seewhattheconstructionlookslikeatthatstage

17.Theword"composition"inline12isclosestinmeaningto

(A)arrangement

(B)brightness

(C)quality

(D)size

18.Theword"them'*inline12refersto

(A)prints

(B)lights

(C)objects

(D)filters

19.Theword"shots"inline16isclosestinmeaningto

(A)injections

(B)photographs

(C)loudnoises

(D)effectiveremarks

20.Theword"they"inline17refersto

(A)architecturalstyles

(B)sketches

(C)coloredfilters

(D)lights

21.WhydoesKastenvisitthelocationofoutdoorworkbeforethedayoftheactualshooting?

(A)Toplanthephotograph

(B)Topurchasefilmandequipment

(C)Tohireacrew

(D)Totestthelights

22.HowisKasten'sstudioworkdifferentfromherworkatarchitecturalsites?

(A)Shedoesnotuselightsoutdoors.

(B)Herworkoutdoorsismoreunpredictable.

(C)Sheworksaloneoutdoors.

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(D)Shemakesmoremoneyfromherworkoutdoors.

23.WhereinthepassagedoestheauthorsuggestthattheconstructionsthatKastenphotographs

arelife-sized?

(A)Lines2-4

(B)Lines5-7

(C)Lines12-14

(D)Lines16-17

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TheWorksofJoyceCarolOates

Keywords:collection,novels,productivity,source,magazines

JoyceCarolOatespublishedherfirstcollectionofshortstories,ByTheNorthGate,in1963,two

yearsaftershehadreceivedhermaster'sdegreefromtheUniversityofWisconsinandbecomean

instructorofEnglishattheUniversityofDetroit.Herproductivitysincethenhasbeenprodigious,

accumulatinginlessthantwodecadestonearlythirtytitles,includingnovels,collectionsofshort

storiesandverse,plays,andliterarycriticism.Inthemeantime,shehascontinuedtoteach,

movingin1967fromtheUniversityofDetroittotheUniversityofWindsor,inOntario,and,in

1978,toPrincetonUniversity.Reviewershaveadmiredherenormousenergy,butfinda

productivityofsuchmagnitudedifficulttoassess.

Inaperiodcharacterizedbytheabandonmentofsomuchoftherealistictraditionbyauthorssuch

asJohnBarth,DonaldBarthelme,andThomasPynchon,JoyceCarolOateshasseemedattimes

determinedlyold-fashionedinherinsistenceontheessentiallymimeticqualityofherfiction.Hers

isaworldofviolence,insanity,fracturedlove,andhopelessloneliness.Althoughsomeofit

appearstocomefromherowndirectobservations,herdreams,andherfears,muchmoreisclearly

fromtheexperiencesofothers.Herfirstnovel,WithShudderingFall(1964),dealtwithstockcar

racing,thoughshehadneverseenarace.InThem(1969)shefocusedonDetroitfromthe

Depressionthroughtheriotsof1967,drawingmuchofhermaterialfromthedeepimpression

madeonherbytheproblemsofoneofherstudents.Whateverthesourceandhowevershocking

theeventsorthemotivations,however,herfictiveworldremainsstrikinglyakintothatrealone

reflectedinthedailynewspapers,thetelevisionnewsandtalkshows,andthepopularmagazines

ofourday.

1.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?

(A)ToreviewOates*BytheNorthGate

(B)Tocomparesomemodernwriters

(C)TodescribeOates*childhood

(D)TooutlineOates1career

2.WhichofthefollowingdoesthepassageindicateaboutJoyceCarolQates*firstpublication?

(A)Itwaspartofhermaster'sthesis.

(B)Itwasavolumeofshortfiction.

(C)Itwasnotsuccessful.

(D)ItwasaboutanEnglishinstructorinDetroit.

3.WhichofthefollowingdoesthepassagesuggestaboutJoyceCarolOatesintermsofher

writing

career?

(A)Shehasexperiencedlongnonproductiveperiodsinherwriting.

(B)Herstyleisimitativeofothercontemporaryauthors.

(C)Shehasproducedasurprisingamountoffictionsinarelativeshorttime.

(D)Mostofherworkisbasedonpersonalexperience.

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4.Theword"characterized"inline10canbestreplacedbywhichofthefollowing?

(A)shocked

(B)impressed

(C)distinguished

(D)helped

5.WhatwasthesubjectofJoyceCarolOates'firstnovel?

(A)Loneliness

(B)Insanity

(C)Teaching

(D)Racing

6.WhydoestheauthormentionOatesbookInThem?

(A)Itisatypicalnovelofthe1960's

(B)Itisherbestpieceofnonfiction.

(C)Itisafictionalworkbasedontheexperiencesofanotherperson.

(D)Itisanautobiography.

7.Whichof由efollowingwouldJoyceCarolOatesbemostlikelytowrite?

(A)Astorywithanunhappyending

(B)Aromancenovelsetinthenineteenthcentury

(C)Asciencefictionnovel

(D)Adialogueforatalkshow

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ThePrintedWord

Keywords:nineteenthcentury,unitedstates,awareness,newspapers,magazine

AlthoughsocialchangesintheUnitedStateswerebeingwroughtthroughoutmostofthe

nineteenthcentury,publicawarenessofthechangesincreasedtonewlevelsinthe1890's.The

acute,growingpublicawarenessofthesocialchangesthathadbeentakingplaceforsometime

wastiedtotremendousgrowthinpopularjournalisminthelatenineteenthcentury,including

growthinquantityandcirculationofbothmagazinesandnewspapers.Thesedevelopments,in

additiontothecontinuedgrowthofcities,weresignificantfactorsinthetransformationofsociety

fromonecharacterizedbyrelativelyisolatedself-containedcommunitiesintoanurban,industrial

nation.Thedecadeofthe1870,s,forexample,wasaperiodinwhichthesheernumberof

newspapersdoubled,andby1880theNewYorkGraphichadpublishedthefirstphotographic

reproductioninanewspaper,portendingadramaticriseinnewspaperreadership.Between1882

and1886alone,thepriceofdailynewspapersdroppedfromfourcentsacopytoonecent,made

possibleinpartbyagreatincreaseindemand.Furthermore,theintroductionin1890ofthefirst

successfullinotypemachinepromisedevenfurthergrowth.In1872onlytwodailynewspapers

couldclaimacirculationofover100,000,butby1892sevenmorenewspapersexceededthat

figure.Aworldbeyondtheimmediatecommunitywasrapidlybecomingvisible.

ButitwasnotnewspapersalonethatwerebringingthenewawarenesstopeopleintheUnited

Statesinthelatenineteenthcentury,</s9>Magazinesastheyareknowntodaybeganpublication

around1882,and,infact,thecirculationofweeklymagazinesexceededthatofnewspapersinthe

periodwhichfollowed.By1892,forexample,thecirculationoftheLadies*HomeJournalhad

reachedanastounding700,000.Anincreaseinbookreadershipalsoplayedasignificantpartin

thisgeneraltrend.Forexample,EdwardBellamy'sutopiannovel,LookingBackward,soldovera

millioncopiesin1888,givingrisetothegrowthoforganizationsdedicatedtotherealizationof

Bellamy'svisionofthefuture.Theprintedword,unquestionably,wasintrudingontheinsulation

thathadcharacterizedUnitedStatessocietyinanearlierperiod.

1.Theword"acute"inline3isclosestinmeaningto

(A)useful

(B)intense

(C)genuine

(D)controversial

2.Accordingtothepassage,theexpansionofpopularjournalismwaslinkedto

(A)changesinthedistributionsystem

(B)alargersupplyofpaper

(C)anincreaseinpeople'sawarenessofsocialchanges

(D)greaternumbersofjournalists

3.Accordingtothepassage,theNewYorkGraphic'sinclusionofphotographscontributedto

(A)theclosingofnewspapersthatdidnotusephotographs

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(B)newspapers*becomingmoreexpensive

(C)anincreaseinthenumberofpeoplereadingnewspapers

(D)areductioninthecostofadvertising

4.Whywasthereadropinthepriceofdailynewspapersbetween1882and1886?

(A)Therewasariseindemand.

(B)Newspapershadfewerpages.

(C)Newspaperscontainedphotographicreproductions.

(D)Magazinesbegantocompetewithnewspapers.

5.Theword"exceeded'1inline16isclosestinmeaningto

(A)controlled

(B)surpassed

(C)affected

(D)equalled

6.Whatdoestheauthormeanbythestatement"Aworldbeyondtheimmediatecommunitywas

rapidlybecomingvisible"inlines16-17?

(A)Photographsmadenewspapersmoreinteresting.

(B)TheUnitedStatesexportednewspaperstoothercountries.

(C)Peoplewerebecomingincreasinglyawareofnationalandinternationalissues.

(D)Communitiesremainedisolateddespitethegrowthofpopularjournalism.

7.Theword"that"inline21refersto

(A)century

(B)publication

(C)circulation

(D)period

8.Theword"astounding"inline22isclosestinmeaningto

(A)surprising

(B)estimated

(C)encouraging

(D)sudden

9.WhydoestheauthormentionEdwardBellamy'snovelLookingBackward?

(A)Toillustratehowadvancedthetechnologyofprintinghadbecome

(B)Toemphasizetheinfluenceoftheprintedwordonasocietyundergoingrapidchange

(C)Todocumentitspredictionaboutthepopularityofnewspapers

(D)Todemonstratethatbookshadreplacednewspapersandmagazinesastheleadingsourceof

information

加"樂聞?攜爾

TheArtNouveauStyle

Keywords:internationalArtNouveaustyle,EmileGalle,artglass,LouisComfortTiffany,

Functionalism

Theendofthenineteenthcenturyandtheearlyyearsofthetwentiethcenturyweremarkedbythe

developmentofaninternationalArtNouveaustyle,characterizedbysinuouslines,floraland

vegetablemotifs,andsoftevanescentcoloration.TheArtNouveaustylewasaneclecticone,

bringingtogetherelementsofJapaneseart,motifsofancientcultures,andnaturalforms.Theglass

objectsofthisstylewereelegantinoutline,althoughoftendeliberatelydistorted,withpaleor

iridescentsurfaces.Afavoreddeviceofthestylewastoimitatetheiridescentsurfaceseenon

ancientglassthathadbeenburied.MuchoftheArtNouveauglassproducedduringtheyearsofits