考研英語（閱讀）模擬試卷33（共200題）

考研英語（閱讀）模擬試卷33（共9套）（共200題）考研英語（閱讀）模擬試卷第1套一、閱讀（常規(guī)閱讀理解）(本題共20題，每題1.0分，共20分。)Ofallthecomponentsofagoodnight'ssleep,dreamsseemtobeleastwithinourcontrol.Indreams,awindowopensintoaworldwherelogicissuspendedanddeadpeoplespeak.Acenturyago,Freudformulatedhisrevolutionarytheorythatdreamswerethedisguisedshadowsofourunconsciousdesiresandfears;bythelate1970s,neurologistshadswitchedtothinkingofthemasjust"mentalnoise"—therandombyproductsoftheneural-repairworkthatgoesonduringsleep.Nowresearchers,suspectthatdreamsarepartofthemind'semotionalthermostat,regulatingmoodswhilethebrainis"off-line."Andoneleadingauthoritysaysthattheseintenselypowerfulmentaleventscanbenotonlyharnessedbutactuallybroughtunderconsciouscontrol,tohelpussleepandfeelbetter,"It'syourdream,"saysRosalindCartwright,chairofpsychologyatChicago'sMedicalCenter."Ifyoudon'tlikeit,changeit."Evidencefrombrainimagingsupportsthisview.ThebrainisasactiveduringREM(rapideyemovement)sleep—whenmostvividdreamsoccur—asitiswhenfullyawake,saysDr.EricNofzingerattheUniversityofPittsburgh.Butnotallpartsofthebrainareequallyinvolved;thelimbicsystem(the"emotionalbrain")isespeciallyactive,whiletheprefrontalcortex(thecenterofintellectandreasoning)isrelativelyquiet."Wewakeupfromdreamshappyordepressed,andthosefeelingscanstaywithusallday."saysStanfordsleepresearcherDr.WilliamDement.ThelinkbetweendreamsandemotionsshowsupamongthepatientsinCartwright'sclinic.Mostpeopleseemtohavemorebaddreamsearlyinthenight,progressingtowardhappieronesbeforeawakening,suggestingthattheyareworkingthroughnegativefeelingsgeneratedduringtheday.Becauseourconsciousmindisoccupiedwithdailylifewedon'talwaysthinkabouttheemotionalsignificanceoftheday'sevents—until,itappears,webegintodream.Andthisprocessneednotbelefttotheunconscious.Cartwrightbelievesonecanexerciseconsciouscontroloverrecurringbaddreams.Assoonasyouawaken,identifywhatisupsettingaboutthedream.Visualizehowyouwouldlikeittoendinstead;thenexttimeitoccurs,trytowakeupjustenoughtocontrolitscourse.Withmuchpracticepeoplecanlearnto,literally,doitintheirsleep.Attheendoftheday,there'sprobablylittlereasontopayattentiontoourdreamsatallunlesstheykeepusfromsleepingor"wewakeupinapanic,"Cartwrightsays.Terrorism,economicuncertaintiesandgeneralfeelingsofinsecurityhaveincreasedpeople'sanxiety.Thosesufferingfrompersistentnightmaresshouldseekhelpfromatherapist.Fortherestofus,thebrainhasitswaysofworkingthroughbadfeelings.Sleep—orratherdream—onitandyou'11feelbetterinthemorning.1、ResearchershavecometobelievethatdreamsA、canbemodifiedintheircourses.B、aresusceptibletoemotionalchanges.C、reflectourinnermostdesiresandfears.D、arearandomoutcomeofneuralrepairs.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A知識點(diǎn)解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第一段中oneleadingauthoritysays…可知，一名著名權(quán)威人士提到，夢這種異常強(qiáng)烈的精神活動(dòng)是可以被我們自己有效控制的?？ㄌ刭囂卣f“夢是你自己的，如果不喜歡，就改變它”。由以上幾點(diǎn)可知，研究人員認(rèn)為，夢在形成過程中“能夠被改變”，故選A項(xiàng)。2、Byreferringtothelimbicsystem,theauthorintendstoshowA、itsfunctioninourdreams.B、themechanismofREMsleep.C、therelationofdreamstoemotions.D、itsdifferencefromtheprefrontalcortex.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C知識點(diǎn)解析：例證題。根據(jù)第二段第一句可知，作者指出“大腦造影的證據(jù)支持了上述觀點(diǎn)”，“上述觀點(diǎn)”就是第一段中提到的觀點(diǎn)，作者認(rèn)為夢是大腦情感自動(dòng)調(diào)溫器，可以幫助調(diào)節(jié)情緒。作者在第二段第三句提到了“邊緣系統(tǒng)”也是在詳細(xì)描述“大腦造影的證據(jù)”。由以上幾點(diǎn)可以推知，作者通過提到大腦的邊緣系統(tǒng)來闡述大腦造影的證據(jù)，從而說明其支持“夢與情感相聯(lián)系”的觀點(diǎn)，故選C項(xiàng)。3、ThenegativefeelingsgeneratedduringthedaytendtoA、aggravateinourunconsciousmind.B、developintohappydreams.C、persisttillthetimewefallasleep.D、showupindreamsearlyatnight.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D知識點(diǎn)解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第三段第二句可知，大多數(shù)人傾向于在剛?cè)胨瘯r(shí)做噩夢，在睡醒前的時(shí)候則會做一些開心的夢，而這表示人們在夢里就緩解了白天產(chǎn)生的不良情緒。由此可知，白天產(chǎn)生的負(fù)面情緒往往“出現(xiàn)在夜晚早期的夢中”，故選D項(xiàng)。4、CartwrightseemstosuggestthatA、wakingupintimeisessentialtotheriddingofbaddreams.B、visualizingbaddreamshelpsbringthemundercontrol.C、dreamsshouldbelefttotheirnaturalprogression.D、dreamingmaynotentirelybelongtotheunconscious.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D知識點(diǎn)解析：推斷題。根據(jù)第四段第一句，做夢的過程不一定是無意識的，從這我們可以得知作者不認(rèn)為做夢是完全無意識的行為，故選D項(xiàng)。5、WhatadvicemightCartwrightgivetothosewhosometimeshavebaddreams?A、Leadyourlifeasusual.B、Seekprofessionalhelp.C、Exerciseconsciouscontrol.D、Avoidanxietyinthedaytime.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A知識點(diǎn)解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第五段卡特賴特的觀點(diǎn)，在一天的生活結(jié)束時(shí)，只要我們的夢不會導(dǎo)致失眠或者讓我們從睡眠中驚醒，我們就不用去擔(dān)心它。而這段的段末也說到那些沒有受到噩夢長期困擾的人盡管去睡覺、做夢，因?yàn)樵缙饡r(shí)你的負(fù)面情緒會好得多。由此可以推知，卡特賴特暗示人們只需要“像往常一樣生活”，故選A項(xiàng)。Toparaphrase18th-centurystatesmanEdmundBurke,"allthatisneededforthetriumphofamisguidedcauseisthatgoodpeopledonothing".Onesuchcausenowseekstoendbiomedicalresearchbecauseofthetheorythatanimalshaverightsrulingouttheiruseinresearch.Scientistsneedtorespondforcefullytoanimalrightsadvocates,whoseargumentsareconfusingthepublicandtherebythreateningadvancesinhealthknowledgeandcare.Leadersoftheanimalrightsmovementtargetbiomedicalresearchbecauseitdependsonpublicfunding,andfewpeopleunderstandtheprocessofhealthcareresearch.Hearingallegationsofcrueltytoanimalsinresearchsettings,manyareperplexedthatanyonewoulddeliberatelyharmananimal.Forexample,agrandmotherlywomanstaffingananimalrightsboothatarecentstreetfairwasdistributingabrochurethatencouragedreadersnottouseanythingthatcomesfromoristestedinanimals—nomeat,nofur,nomedicines.Askedifsheopposedimmunizations,shewantedtoknowifvaccinescomefromanimalresearch.Whenassuredthattheydo,shereplied,"ThenIwouldhavetosayyes."Askedwhatwillhappenwhenepidemicsreturn,shesaid,"Don'tworry,scientistswillfindsomewayofusingcomputers."Suchwell-meaningpeoplejustdon'tunderstand.Scientistsmustcommunicatetheirmessagetothepublicinacompassionate,understandableway—inhumanterms,notinthelanguageofmolecularbiology.Weneedtomakecleartheconnectionbetweenanimalresearchandagrandmother'shipreplacement,afather'sbypassoperation,ababy'svaccinations,andevenapet'sshots.Tothosewhoareunawarethatanimalresearchwasneededtoproducethesetreatments,aswellasnewtreatmentsandvaccines,animalresearchseemswastefulatbestandcruelatworst.Muchcanbedone.Scientistscould"adopt"middleschoolclassesandpresenttheirownresearch.Theyshouldbequicktorespondtoletterstotheeditor,lestanimalrightsmisinformationgounchallengedandacquireadeceptiveappearanceoftruth.Researchinstitutionscouldbeopenedtotours,toshowthatlaboratoryanimalsreceivehumanecare.Finally,becausetheultimatestakeholdersarepatients,thehealthresearchcommunityshouldactivelyrecruittoitscausenotonlywell-knownpersonalitiessuchasStephenCooper,whohasmadecourageousstatementsaboutthevalueofanimalresearch,butallwhoreceivemedicaltreatment.Ifgoodpeopledonothingthereisarealpossibilitythatanuninformedcitizenrywillextinguishthepreciousembersofmedicalprogress.6、TheauthorbeginshisarticlewithEdmundBurke’swordstoA、callonscientiststotakesomeactions.B、criticizethemisguidedcauseofanimalrights.C、warnofthedoomofbiomedicalresearch.D、showthetriumphoftheanimalrightsmovement.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A知識點(diǎn)解析：推斷題。本題關(guān)鍵詞為EdmundBurke’swords，通讀全文發(fā)現(xiàn)篇首的話在篇尾得到了呼應(yīng)：Ifgoodpeopledonothing，thereisarealpossibilitythatanuninformedcitizenrywillextinguishthepreciousembersofmedicalprogress．一首一尾的呼應(yīng)突出了這篇文章的中心：呼喚科學(xué)家們采取行動(dòng)，切勿讓人們的無知阻礙了醫(yī)學(xué)的發(fā)展。所以應(yīng)該選A項(xiàng)。B項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤的原因在于沒有抓住文章的中心要義。C、D項(xiàng)無中生有。7、MisledpeopletendtothinkthatusingananimalinresearchisA、cruelbutnatural.B、inhumanandunacceptable.C、inevitablebutvicious.D、pointlessandwasteful.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B知識點(diǎn)解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。本題關(guān)鍵詞為Misledpeople，usingananimalinresearch。從前兩段和第三段的最后一句中，可知受到誤導(dǎo)的人們認(rèn)為用動(dòng)物做研究是殘酷的、不可思議的。所以B項(xiàng)最符合原文。A項(xiàng)cruel(殘忍的)正確，但是natural(自然的)不對，正相反，人們認(rèn)為那是非常不合情理的。C項(xiàng)inevitablebutvicious(不可避免的，但含有惡意的)也不正確。D項(xiàng)pointlessandwasteful(毫無意義的，且浪費(fèi)的)，實(shí)際上，人們的反對態(tài)度很強(qiáng)烈。D項(xiàng)雖無原則上的錯(cuò)誤，但是不如B項(xiàng)更貼近原文意思。8、Theexampleofthegrandmotherlywomanisusedtoshowthepublic’sA、discontentwithanimalresearch.B、ignoranceaboutmedicalscience.C、indifferencetoepidemics.D、anxietyaboutanimalrights.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B知識點(diǎn)解析：例證題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞grandmotherlywoman、showthepublic’s定位至第二段。這個(gè)例子說的是一位老太太向大家散發(fā)傳單．號召大家不要用任何來自于動(dòng)物或在動(dòng)物身上試驗(yàn)過的東西。當(dāng)問及是否反對使用疫苗時(shí)，老太太并不知道疫苗是從動(dòng)物研究中得來的。她認(rèn)為，若疫苗也來源于動(dòng)物，那么就不應(yīng)使用疫苗，流行病自有科學(xué)家們用計(jì)算機(jī)來解決?？梢娎咸珜茖W(xué)的無知。而她的這種無知是很普遍的。第二段最后一句話感嘆：Suchwell—meaningpeoplejustdon’tunderstand．(這些好心人壓根就不明白)。所以答案為B項(xiàng)。A項(xiàng)表述與主題不符，C項(xiàng)表述錯(cuò)誤，D項(xiàng)無中生有。9、Theauthorbelievesthat,infaceofthechallengefromanimalrightsadvocates,scientistsshouldA、communicatemorewiththepublic.B、employhi-techmeansinresearch.C、feelnoshamefortheircause.D、strivetodevelopnewcures.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A知識點(diǎn)解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞thechallengefromanimalrightsadvocates、scientists，定位至第三段。從Scientistsmustcommunicatetheirmessagetothepublicinacompassionate，understandableway…可知，正確答案為A項(xiàng)。C項(xiàng)無中生有，B、D項(xiàng)表述錯(cuò)誤。10、FromthetextwelearnthatStephenCooperisA、awell-knownhumanist.B、amedicalpractitioner.C、anenthusiastinanimalrights.D、asupporterofanimalresearch.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D知識點(diǎn)解析：推斷題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞StephenCooper，定位至最后一段。Finally，becausetheultimatestake-holdersarepatients…StephenCooper，whohasmadecourageousstatementsaboutthevalueofani—malresearch…從這句話中，可知Cooper是個(gè)名人，也是患者，他曾經(jīng)高度贊揚(yáng)過動(dòng)物研究的價(jià)值。所以，可以推斷出他是支持動(dòng)物研究的。答案是D項(xiàng)。A項(xiàng)表述錯(cuò)誤，B項(xiàng)原文并未提及，C項(xiàng)與原文意思相反。Manyareawareofthetremendouswasteofenergyinourenvironment,butfailtotakeadvantageofstraightforwardopportunitiestoconservethatenergy.Forexample,everyoneknowsthatlightsshouldbeswitchedoffwhennooneisinanoffice.Similarly,whenemployeesarenotusingameetingroom,thereisnoneedtoregulatetemperature.Fortunately,oneneednotrelyonhumaninterventiontoconserveenergy.Withthehelpofsmartsensingandnetworktechnology,energyconservationprocessessuchasturningofflightsandadjustingtemperaturecanbereadilyautomated.Ultimately,thistechnologywillenableconsumersandplantmanagerstobetteridentifywastefulenergyuseandinstituteproceduresthatleadtosmarterandmoreefficienthomes,buildingsandindustrialplants.Untilnow,wiresandcablesforpowerandconnectivityhavelimitedthewidespreadadoptionofsensornetworksbymakingthemdifficultandexpensivetoinstallandmaintain.Battery-poweredwirelessnetworkscansimplifyinstallationandreducecost.Buttheirhighpowerconsumptionandthecorrespondingneedforregularbatteryreplacementhasmadewirelessnetworksdifficultandcostlytomaintain.Nobodywantstoreplacehundredsorthousandsofwindowsensorbatteriesinalargebuildingonaregularbasis.Thepromiseofwirelesssensornetworkscanonlybefullyrealizedwhenthewiringforboththedatacommunicationandthepowersupplyiseliminated.Doingsorequiresatruebattery-freewirelesssolution,onethatcanutilizeenergyharvesteddirectlyfromtheenvironments.Tofacilitatethewidespreaddeploymentofwirelesssensornetworks,Greenpeakhasdevelopedanultra-low-powercommunicationtechnologythatcanutilizeenvironmentalenergysourcessuchaslight,motionandvibration.Thistechnology,employingon-boardpowermanagementcircuitsandcomputersoftwaretomonitorenergyharvestersandmakethebestuseofharvestedenergy,enablessensorstooperatereliablyinabattery-freeenvironment.Wirelesssensornetworksdeployedinourofficesandhomeswillhaveanenormousimpactonourdailylives,helpingtobuildasmarterworldinwhichenergyisrecycledandfullyutilized.Thesewirelessplatforms,equippedwithadvancedsensingcapability,willenableustobettercontrolourlives,homesandenvironment,creatingatrulyconnectedworldthatenablespeopleworldwidetoliveinamorecomfortable,safer,andcleanerenvironment.11、By"humanintervention"(Para.2),theauthorreferstoA、thereductionofgreatenergywasteintheenvironment.B、thegraspingofstraightforwardopportunitiesavailable.C、actsliketurningofflightswhennooneisintheroom.D、theadoptionofsmartsensingandnetworktechnology.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C知識點(diǎn)解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第二段第一、二句可知，人們沒有必要依賴人為干預(yù)以節(jié)約能源，有了智能遙感技術(shù)和網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)的幫助，諸如關(guān)燈和調(diào)控溫度此類的節(jié)能方式就很容易實(shí)現(xiàn)自動(dòng)化。因此答案為C項(xiàng)。12、BatteriesarenotanidealenergysourceforsensornetworksbecausetheyA、havetobereplacedfromtimetotime.B、containmetalsthatpollutetheenvironment.C、requireautomaticrecharging.D、aredifficultandcostlytomaintain.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A知識點(diǎn)解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。通過第三段第二到第五行可知，靠電池供電的無線網(wǎng)絡(luò)可以簡化安裝程序，并降低成本。但是由于網(wǎng)絡(luò)能量消耗高，需要定期更換電池，所以這種網(wǎng)絡(luò)很難維護(hù)，而且維護(hù)成本相當(dāng)高。因此答案為A項(xiàng)。13、Battery-freewirelesssensornetworksaremadepossiblebythefactthatA、thereisenergyintheenvironmenttobeutilized.B、thecostofusingthemhasbeendrasticallyreduced.C、moderndatacommunicationconsumeslittleenergy.D、theirmaintenancehasbeengreatlysimplified.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A知識點(diǎn)解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第四段前兩句可知，當(dāng)數(shù)據(jù)通信和供電系統(tǒng)之間的線全部清除時(shí)，無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)這個(gè)愿望就完全可以實(shí)現(xiàn)。這就需要一個(gè)真正的不同電池的無線網(wǎng)絡(luò)解決方案，那種網(wǎng)絡(luò)可以直接利用從環(huán)境中獲得的能源。因此答案為A項(xiàng)。14、Accordingtothepassage,GreenpeakA、isthefirstcompanytoinstallwirelesssensornetworks.B、promotestheapplicationofwirelesssensornetworks.C、suppliesbatteriesoperatingonharvestedenergy.D、benefitshandsomelyfromcommunicationtechnology.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B知識點(diǎn)解析：推斷題。通過第四段第三句可知，為了方便無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)廣泛部署，已經(jīng)開發(fā)出一種超低功耗的通信技術(shù)，該技術(shù)能夠利用環(huán)境中的光、運(yùn)動(dòng)和震動(dòng)之類的能源。據(jù)此推斷，答案為B項(xiàng)。15、WirelesssensornetworkspromisetoA、bringbusinesseshighprofits.B、furtherdevelopthesensingtechnology.C、turnmotionintoamajorsourceofenergy.D、improvethedailylivesofpeopleworldwide.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D知識點(diǎn)解析：推斷題。通過第五段最后一句可知，這些無線平臺具有先進(jìn)的傳感性能，能幫助我們更好地控制生活、住房及環(huán)境，創(chuàng)造一個(gè)真正相連的世界，一個(gè)能讓來自世界各地的人的居住環(huán)境更加舒適、更加安全、更加干凈的世界。據(jù)此推斷，答案為D項(xiàng)。Cryingishardlyanactivityencouragedbysociety.Tears,whethertheyareofsorrow,anger,orjoy,typicallymakeAmericansfeeluncomfortableandembarrassed.Theshedderoftearsislikelytoapologize,evenwhenadevastatingtragedywastheprovocation.Theobserveroftearsislikelytodoeverythingpossibletoputanendtotheemotionaloutpouring.Butjudgingfromrecentstudiesofcryingbehavior,linksbetweenillnessandcryingandthechemicalcompositionoftears,boththoseresponsestotearsareofteninappropriateandmayevenbecounterproductive.Humansaretheonlyanimalsdefinitelyknowntoshedemotiomaltears.Sinceevolutionhasgivenrisetofew,ifany,purposelessphysiologicalresponses,itislogicaltoassumethatcryinghasoneormorefunctionsthatenhancesurvival.Althoughsomeobservershavesuggestedthatcryingisawaytoelicitassistancefromothers(asacryingbabymightfromitsmother),thesheddingoftearsishardlynecessarytogethelp.Vocalcrieswouldhavebeenquiteenough,morelikelythantearstogainattention.So,itappears,theremustbesomethingspecialabouttearsthemselves.Indeed,thenewstudiessuggestthatemotionaltearsmayplayadirectroleinalleviatingstress.UniversityofMinnesotaresearcherswhoarestudyingthechemicalcompositionoftearshaverecentlyisolatedtwoimportantchemicalsfromemotionaltears.Bothchemicalsarefoundonlyintearsthatareshedinresponsetoemotion.Tearsshedbecauseofexposuretocutonionwouldcontainnosuchsubstance.Researchersatseveralotherinstitutionsareinvestigatingtheusefulnessoftearsasameansofdiagnosinghumanillsandmonitoringdrugs.AtTulaneUniversity'sTearAnalysisLaboratoryDr.PeterKastlandhiscolleaguesreportthattheycanusetearstodetectdrugabuseandexposuretomedication,todeterminewhetheracontactlensfitsproperlyofwhyitmaybeuncomfortable,tostudythecausesof"dryeye"syndromeandtheeffectsofeyesurgery,andperhapseventomeasureexposuretoenvironmentalpollutants.AtColumbiaUniversityDt.LiasyFarisandcolleaguesarestudyingtearsforcluestothediagnosisofdiseasesawayfromtheeyes.Tearscanbeobtainedpainlesslywithoutinvadingthebodyandonlytinyamountsareneededtoperformhighlyrefinedanalyses.16、ItisknownfromthefirstparagraphthatA、cryingusuallywinssympathyfromotherpeople.B、cryingmayoftenimitatepeopleorevenresultintragedy.C、sheddingtearsgivesunpleasantfeelingstoAmericans.D、onewhoshedstearsinpublicwillbeblamed.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C知識點(diǎn)解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。由關(guān)鍵詞thefirstparagraph定位至第一段，由Tears…makeAmericansfeelun—comfortableandembarrassed可知，流淚讓美國人感到不舒服和尷尬，因此答案為C項(xiàng)。17、Whatdoes"boththoseresponsestotears"(Para.1)referto?A、Cryingoutofsorrowandsheddingtearsforhappiness.B、Thetearshedder’sapologyandtheobserver’sefforttostopthecrying.C、Theembarrassmentandunpleasantsensationoftheobservers.D、Linkingillnesswithcryingandfindingthechemicalcompositionoftears.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B知識點(diǎn)解析：推斷題。第一段共五句話。第一句概括說哭泣在美國是不受歡迎的。接下來的三句是對第一句的解釋，哭泣的人要道歉，看見哭泣的人要阻止哭泣。最后一句話是最近研究表明這些行為對健康十分不利。由此可見boththoseresponsestotears是指shedderoftearsislikelytoapologize．．．observeroftearsislikelytodoeverythingpossibletoputanendtotheemotionaloutpouring，因此B項(xiàng)是對此的概括。18、"Counterproductive"(Para.1)veryprobablymeansA、havingnoeffectatall.B、leadingtotension.C、producingdisastrousimpact.D、harmfultohealth.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D知識點(diǎn)解析：含義題。Counterproductive所在句子為boththoseresponsestotearsareofteninappropriateandmayevenbecounterproductive，由并列連詞and可知counterproductive的意思應(yīng)該是inappropriate(不合適的)，結(jié)合上下文，流淚的人可能要道歉，看見流淚的人要盡力停止這種情感的傾瀉，這兩種情形都對健康有害，因此答案為D項(xiàng)。19、Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutcrying?A、Itmusthavearoletoplayinman’ssurvival.B、Itisapointlessphysiologicalresponsetotheenvironment.C、Itismeanttogetattentionandassistance.D、Itusuallyproducesthedesiredeffect.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A知識點(diǎn)解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。按照出題順序?qū)ふ抑恋诙?，根?jù)最后一句可知A項(xiàng)Itmusthavearoletoplayinman’ssurvival(哭泣在人類生存中起一定作用)是對itislogicaltoassumethatcryinghasoneormorefunctionsthatenhancesurvival(認(rèn)為哭泣有利于生存是符合邏輯的)的同義轉(zhuǎn)述。20、Whatcanbeinferredfromthenewstudiesoftears?A、Environmentalpollutantscaninducethesheddingofemotionaltears.B、Exposuretoexcessivemedicationmayincreaseemotionaltears.C、Emotionaltearscangiveriseto"dryeye"syndromeinsomecases.D、Emotionaltearshavethefunctionofreducingstress.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D知識點(diǎn)解析：推斷題。根據(jù)newstudies定位至第四段，由第一句thenewstudiessuggestthatemotionaltearsmayplayadirectroleinalleviatingstress可知．D項(xiàng)Emotionaltearshavethefunctionofreducingstress是對其的同義轉(zhuǎn)述，意為眼淚可以減輕壓力，reduce是alleviate的同義詞?？佳杏⒄Z（閱讀）模擬試卷第2套一、閱讀（常規(guī)閱讀理解）(本題共20題，每題1.0分，共20分。)Americansbelievenoonestandsstill.Ifyouarenotmovingahead,youarefallingbehind.Thisattituderesultsinanationofpeoplecommittedtoresearching,experimentingandexploring.TimeistheelementthatAmericanssavecarefully."Weareslavestonothingbuttheclock,"ithasbeensaid.Timeistreatedasifitweresomethingalmosttangible.Itisapreciouscommodity.Manypeoplehavearatheracutesenseoftheshortnessofeachlifetime.Oncethesandshaverunoutofaperson'shourglass,theycannotbereplaced.Wewanteveryminutetocount.Aforeigner'sfirstimpressionoftheU.S.islikelytobethateveryoneisinarush—oftenunderpressure.Citypeopleappearalwaystobehurryingtogetwheretheyaregoing,elbowingothersastheytrytocompletetheirerrands.Racingthroughdaytimemealsispartofthepaceoflifeinthiscountry.Peopleinpubliceating-placesarewaitingforyoutofinishsotheytoocanbeservedandgetbacktoworkwithinthetimeallowed.ManynewcomerstotheStateswillmisstheopeningcourtesiesofabusinesscall,forexample.Theywillmisstheritualsocializingthatgoeswithawelcomingcupofteaorcoffeethatmaybetraditionalintheirowncountry.Normally,Americansdonotassesstheirvisitorsinsuchrelaxedsurroundingsoverprolongedsmalltalk;muchlessdotheytakethemoutfordinner,oraroundonthegolfcoursewhiletheydevelopasenseoftrustandrapport.Rapporttomostofusislessimportantthanperformance.Weseekoutevidenceofpastperformanceratherthanevaluateabusinesscolleaguethroughsocialcourtesies.Sincewegenerallyassessandprobeprofessionallyratherthansocially,westarttalkingbusinessveryquickly.Somenewarrivalswillcomefromcultureswhereitisconsideredimpolitetoworktooquickly.Unlessacertainamountoftimeisallowedtoelapse,itseemsintheireyesasifthetaskbeingconsideredwereinsignificant,notworthyofproperrespect.Assignmentsarethusfelttobeaddedweightbythepassageoftime.IntheU.S.,however,itistakenasasignofcompetencetosolveaproblem,orfulfillajobsuccessfully,withrapidity.Usually,themoreimportantataskis,themorecapital,energy,andattentionwillbepouredintoitinorderto"getitmoving".1、Bysayingthat"Oncethesandshaverunoutofaperson’shourglass,theycannotbereplaced"(Lines3-4,Paragraph2),thewritermeansthatA、thesandsthatcannotbereplacedwilldisappear.B、thepasttimecannotcomebackagain.C、thehourglasscannotsavetimeforpeople.D、peopleshouldnotwearhourglasswithsands.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B知識點(diǎn)解析：作者說Oncethesandshaverunoutofaperson’shourglass，theycannotbereplaced(在第二段第三至第四行)這句話的意思是?[A]無法取代的沙粒會消失。[B]逝去的時(shí)間再也回不來了。[C]沙漏無法為人們節(jié)省時(shí)間。[D]人們應(yīng)該戴著沙漏。原文此處運(yùn)用了比喻的手法。此句話的前文提到：時(shí)間就是一種寶貴的商品，許多人深感人的一生之短促。此句直譯也就是：沙粒一旦從人生時(shí)間的沙漏里溜走，就不能再被填充上了。也就是時(shí)間溜走、一去不復(fù)返的意思。后面又進(jìn)一步解釋了為什么時(shí)間短促，這正是[B]的意思。[A]、[C]、[D]三項(xiàng)都是字面意思，不可被迷惑。2、Aforeigner’sfirstimpressionoftheU.S.isthatA、fast-foodindustryinAmericaisprosperous.B、Americansarenotpoliteinpubliceating-places.C、Americansdonotinvitevisitorstodinnerstodevelopfriendship.D、Americansareofteninahurrytodothings.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D知識點(diǎn)解析：外國人對美國的第一印象是[A]美國的快餐業(yè)很繁榮。[B]美國人在公共就餐場所不禮貌。[C]美國人不會為了培養(yǎng)友誼邀請?jiān)L客吃飯。[D]美國人經(jīng)常匆匆忙忙地做事情。根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞firstimpression，可以在第三段第一句話中找到本題的答案。原文指出：外國人到美國的第一印象就是：人人都匆匆忙忙，也就是說他們經(jīng)常有壓力。然后舉例證明美國人是如何忙碌地工作和生活的，這正是[D]的內(nèi)容。[A]文中并未提及；[B]錯(cuò)在作者并沒有給美國人的習(xí)慣定性成不禮貌；[c]出現(xiàn)在第四段，根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，這不是外國人的第一印象。3、Whichofthefollowingbestdefinestheword"rapport"(Line5,Paragraph4)?A、Rapidity.B、Exploration.C、Relationship.D、Performance.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C知識點(diǎn)解析：下列哪項(xiàng)是第四段第五行的單詞rapport的最佳解釋?[A]迅速。[B]研究。[C]關(guān)系。[D]表現(xiàn)?？忌衫媒Y(jié)構(gòu)法解題。這個(gè)單詞出現(xiàn)在第四段的這句話中：theydevelopasenseoftrustandrapport，就像我們漢語常用的并列類的構(gòu)詞方法把意思相近的字結(jié)合在一起構(gòu)詞一樣，英語當(dāng)中經(jīng)常用and連接兩個(gè)語意相近或相關(guān)的詞。因此，本題中rapport就是trust的近義詞，再看四個(gè)選項(xiàng)，只有[C]與trust意思最接近，所以為正確答案。4、Fromthetext,wecanconcludethatAmericansA、assesstheirbusinesspartnersthroughchattingduringthedinner.B、haveprejudiceagainstthenewcomersfromothercultures.C、emphasizetherapidityinfulfillingthetasksuccessfully.D、pourmoremoneytosolveaproblemtogainrespect.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C知識點(diǎn)解析：我們從本文中可以得出結(jié)論：美國人[A]通過在吃飯時(shí)閑聊評價(jià)他們的生意伙伴。[B]對來自其他文化、初來美國的人有偏見。[C]強(qiáng)調(diào)任務(wù)成功完成的速度。[D]投入更多的資金來解決問題以獲得尊敬。本題考查了文章中的多個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)，宜采取排除法解題。根據(jù)[A]中的關(guān)鍵詞assess，可以在原文第四段第三句話中找到相應(yīng)信息。文章指出：美國人不會在這種輕松的環(huán)境下通過長時(shí)間的閑聊來評價(jià)他們的來訪者，可見[A]與原文正好相反；由[B]中的prejudice可以判斷出此項(xiàng)內(nèi)容文中并未提及，所以[B]排除；根據(jù)[C]中的關(guān)鍵詞rapidity和fulfillthetasksuccessfully可以在第五段中部找到相應(yīng)的信息：itistakenasasignofcornpetencetofulfillajobsuccessfully，withrapidity．(快速成功地完成任務(wù)是有能力的表現(xiàn))，與[C]的論述一致，為正確答案．[D]錯(cuò)在不定式togainrespect上，原文的目的狀語是getitmoving，而不是獲得尊敬。5、Whatistheattitudeofthenewcomersfromdifferentculturestowardsfinishingtheworkfast?A、Unimportant.B、Respectful.C、Successful.D、Serious.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A知識點(diǎn)解析：源自不同背景文化、初來美國的人對快速完成工作的態(tài)度怎樣?[A]不重要。[B]恭敬的。[C]成功的。[D]嚴(yán)肅的。根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞differentcultures和workfinishedfast，可以在第五段的第一句話和第二句話中找到相關(guān)信息。原文指出：要是不費(fèi)上一定的時(shí)間，他們就覺得好像當(dāng)前考慮的事情不夠重要，這正是[A]的意思，所以[A]為正確答案。InBritainonethirdofallmarriagesendindivorceandoneinfourfamilieswithchildrenisheadedbyaloneparent.ArecentstudybytheOrganizationforEconomicCooperationandDevelopmentfoundsuchchildrenare40%morelikelytobepooracademicperformers.Anotherreport—DivorceandSeparation:theOutcomesforChildren—surveys200researchstudies.TheauthorsBryanRogersandJanPryordrawthebleakconclusionthatchildrenofseparatedfamiliestendtogainfeweracademicqualificationsaswellasbeingmorelikelytoleaveschoolandhomeearly.Theyarealsoatamuchhigherriskofbehavingantisociallyorcriminallyandaremorelikelytoresorttosmoking,drinkingandillegaldruguse.So,giventhesegloomyfacts,isthereanythingthatschoolscando?TivertonhighschoolinDevonthinksthereis.NowTivertonhaswona20,000BarclaysNewFuturesChallengeAwardtofinanceaprojectcalledChangingFamilies.Theaimistohelpthechildrenwithintheschool,andthentomovetheworkoutintothecommunityandprimaryschools.NinaWroe,aformerdeputyheadteacherinExeter,istheschool'scommunitypartner.Sheworkedwithagroupof12-and13-year-olds.Theyaretellinganddevelopingastoryoverseveralweeksandtheyplantotakeitouttoprimaryschoolsasapieceofdrama.Somestudentsarecommittedandkeen.Othersareveryfidgetyandclearlydisturbed."MarkandSarahdon'twanttodothingstogetheranymore.Theyargue.Andhe'sspendingtoomuchtimewithhissecretary,"oneofthegirlshelpfullyrecalls.Graduallytheothersfleshoutthecompletepicture.Thentheyrole-playthefictitiouschildren'ssadreturntoMumafteraweekendwithDad.Butthefictionisjustameansoffacingtheissues.UnobtrusivelytheTivertonchildrenslipintotheirownreal-lifeanecdotes."TheymightthinktheycanlivetogetherbutIbettheycan't,"saysone12-year-oldboywiththestudiedwisdomofa50-year-old."Myparentshavetrieditthreetimes.They'retogetheragainnowbutIwouldn'tgiveitlong."Howevertheresearchonthisissueisroutinelyignoredthatthetroubleseemstobetopersuadeparents,teachers,ministers,themediaandthepublicthatdivorceanditsresultsdoaffectchildren'swelfareandeducation.Peopleweigheddownwiththeguiltofdivorce"baggage",areunlikelytobeabletofacethetruthevenwhenit'sstaringthemintheface.6、ThebleakoutcomesofthechildrenfromdivorcedfamilydemonstratethattheyA、arefewbutwithhighacademicqualifications.B、becomemoreindependent.C、findpartnerandgetmarriedearly.D、aremorelikelytocommitcrimes.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D知識點(diǎn)解析：離異家庭的孩子慘淡的出路證明了他們[A]人數(shù)很少但是學(xué)歷很高。[B]變得更加獨(dú)立。[C]早早地找到伴侶并結(jié)婚。[D]更有可能犯罪。通過題干中的關(guān)鍵詞bleakoutcomes和childrenindivorcedfamily，可以在第一段找到解答本題的信息。原文指出：離異家庭的孩子主要表現(xiàn)在以下幾方面：一，他們?nèi)〉脤W(xué)業(yè)資格證書的人數(shù)往往比較少，[A]錯(cuò)在說他們?nèi)〉酶邔W(xué)歷；二，他們比正常家庭的孩子更有可能早日離開學(xué)校和家庭，可見這是一種貶義的說法，而[B]錯(cuò)在independent是褒義詞；三，他們更有反社會和違法犯罪的危險(xiǎn)性，這正是[D]的內(nèi)容．[C]的內(nèi)容文章并未提及。7、Thephrase"resortto"(Line8,Paragraph1)mostprobablymeansA、abandon.B、repair.C、adopt.D、sort.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C知識點(diǎn)解析：第一段第八行的短語resortto的意思最有可能是[A]“放棄”。[B]“修理”。[C]“采納，采取”。[D]“分類”。本題可采用代入法，即把四個(gè)選項(xiàng)代入原文，看哪個(gè)最符合文意。上下文講到離異家庭的孩子容易犯罪，由此可以推出，他們必然是會吸煙、酗酒，甚至染上吸毒。所以[A]abandon(放棄)顯然與文意不符；[B]repair(修理)與吸煙、酗酒、吸毒顯然在語意上并無聯(lián)系．[D]sort(分類)也無聯(lián)系，所以綜合比較，[C]adopt(采納，采取)意思更為貼切。8、Besideshelpingthechildrenwithintheschool,ChangingFam