天外英語考研歷年真題

天津外國語學院

年攻讀英語語言文學專業(yè)碩士學位

研究生入學考試樣題

考試科目：基礎英語+漢語

(考試時間180分鐘總分150分)

I.Choosetheoneanswerthatbestexplainstheunderlinedwordorphraseinthe

sentence.WriteyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(20pointsfor20

questions)Thefollowingarefivesamplequestions.

l.Youtalkaboutitasifitwereagrammarschoolinsteadofaleadinguniversity.

A.verylarge

B.veryserious

C.veryprestigious

D.veryfundamental

2.1attendedthegreatpoet'spriorlectureandwasnotabouttomisshisencore-even

thoughIwasquartered110milesnorthoftheuniversity.

A.lived

B.wasseparated

C.wasinformed

D.wasarrested

3.AtthatmomentMr.Frost'shostmaterializedbehindhimtoremindhimofhis

schedule.

A.appeared

B.handedhimsomething

C.spoke

D.told

4.Companieswilladdressthissituationthroughmethodslikeon-sitecounselingand

thedevelopmentofspecialprograms.

A.gotothespot

B.remember

C.record

D.dealwith

5.IgotoutthankstoacollegescholarshipandbecauseIwasalittlemorearticulate

thantheaverage.

A.abletodoadditioneffectively

B.abletoexpressone'sthoughtseffectively

C.abletowriteeffectively

D.abletoinitiatethingseffectively

ILReadcarefullythefollowingpassage(s)andthenanswerthequestions.(20

pointsfor20questions).Thefollowingisasamplepassagewithfivesample

questions.

Sincethedawnofhumaningenuity,peoplehavedevisedevermorecunning

toolstocopewithworkthatisdangerous,boring,burdensome,orjustplainnasty.

Thatcompulsionhasresultedinrobotics一thescienceofconferringvarioushuman

capabilitiesonmachines.Andifscientistshaveyettocreatethemechanicalversion

ofsciencefiction,theyhavebeguntocomeclose.Asaresult,themodemworldis

increasinglypopulatedbyintelligentgizmoswhosepresencewebarelynoticebut

whoseuniversalexistencehasremovedmuchhumanlabor.

Ourfactorieshumtotherhythmofrobotassemblyarms.Our

bankingisdoneatautomatedtellerterminalsthatthankuswithmechanical

politenessforthetransaction.Oursubwaytrainsarecontrolledbytirelessrobo-

drivers.Andthankstothecontinualminiaturizationofelectronicsand

micro-mechanics,therearealreadyrobotsystemsthatcanperformsomekindsof

brainandbonesurgerywithsubmillimeteraccuracy-fargreaterprecisionthan

highlyskilledphysicianscanachievewiththeirhandsalone.Butifrobotsareto

reachthenextstageoflaborsavingutility,theywillhavetooperatewithlesshuman

supervisionandbeabletomakeatleastafewdecisionsforthemselves-goalsthat

posearealchallenge.

“Whileweknowhowtotellarobottohandleaspecificerror,"saysDave

Lavery,managerofaroboticsprogramatNASA,“wecan'tyetgivearobotenough

'commonsense'toreliablyinteractwithadynamicworld."Indeedthequestfor

trueartificialintelligencehasproducedverymixedresults.Despiteaspellofinitial

optimisminthe1960sand1970swhenitappearedthattransistorcircuitsand

microprocessorsmightbeabletocopytheactionofthehumanbrainbytheyear

2010,researcherslatelyhavebeguntoextendthatforecastbydecadesifnot

centuries.Whattheyfound,inattemptingtomodelthought,isthatthehuman

brain'sroughlyonehundredbillionnervecellsaremuchmoretalented-andhuman

perceptionfarmorecomplicated-thanpreviouslyimagined.Theyhavebuiltrobots

thatcanrecognizetheerrorofamachinepanelbyafractionofamillimeterina

controlledfactoryenvironment.Butthehumanmindcanglimpsearapidly

changingsceneandimmediatelydisregardthe98percentthatisirrelevant,

instantaneouslyfocusingonthemonkeyatthesideofawindingforestroadorthe

singlefaceinabigcrowd.ThemostadvancedcomputersystemsonEarthcan't

approachthatkindofability,andneuroscientistsstilldon'tknowquitehowwedoit.

1.Humaningenuitywasinitiallydemonstratedin.

A.theuseofmachinestoproducesciencefiction.

B.thewideuseofmachinesinmanufacturingindustry.

C.theinventionoftoolsfordifficultanddangerouswork.

D.theelite'scunningtacklingofdangerousandboringwork

2.Theword"gizmos”(line1,paragraph2)mostprobablymeans.

A.programs.B.experts.C.devices.D.creatures.

3.Accordingtothetext,whatisbeyondman'sabilitynowistodesignarobotthat

can.

A.fulfilldelicatetaskslikeperformingbrainsurgery.

B.interactwithhumanbeingsverbally.

C.havealittlecommonsense.

D.respondindependentlytoachangingworld.

4.Besidesreducinghumanlabor,robotscanalso.

A.makeafewdecisionsforthemselves.

B.dealwithsomeerrorswithhumanintervention.

C.improvefactoryenvironments.

D.cultivatehumancreativity.

5.Theauthorusestheexampleofamonkeytoarguethatrobotsare.

A.expectedtocopyhumanbrainininternalstructure.

B.abletoperceiveabnormalitiesimmediately.

C.farlessablethanhumanbraininfocusingonrelevantinformation.

D.bestusedinacontrolledenvironment.

III.Fillineachblankwithanappropriatewordorphrasetocompletethe

followingpassage.WriteyouranswerontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)

Asadoctorwhotravelsquitealot,Ispentalotoftimeonplaneslisteningfor

thatdreaded“Isthereadoctoronboard?^^announcement.Ilavebeencalledonlyonce

forawomanwhohadmerelyfainted.Butthe_1_mademequite___2_howoften

thiskindofthinghappens.IwonderwhatIwoulddoifconfrontedwitharealmidair

emergencywithoutaccessbyahospitalstaffandtheusualemergencyequipment.So

whentheNewEnglandJournalofMedicinelastweekpublishedastudyaboutin-

flightmedicalevents,Ireaditwith_3_.

Thestudyestimatedthatthereareanaverageofthirtyin-flightmedical

emergenciesonUSflightseveryday.Mostofthemarenot_4_._5_13%of

themareseriousenoughtorequirethepilottochangecourse.Themostcommon

emergencies_6_hearttrouble,strokeanddifficultyinbreathing.

Let'sfaceit:planeridesarestressful.Forstarters,cabinpressuresathigh

altitudearesetroughlywhattheywouldbeifyoulivedat5000to8000feetabovesea

level.Mostpeoplecan_7_thesepressures,butpassengerswithheartdisease_8_

experiencechestpain.Anotherproblemisdeepvenousthrombosis一theso-called

economicclasssyndrome.___9_happens,donotpanic.Thankstomorerecent

legislation,_10___withjustoneattendantarestartingtoinstallemergencymedical

kitstotreatheartattacks.

IV.Paraphrasetheunderlinedsentences.WriteyouranswersontheANSWER

SHEET.(10points)

1.Warornowar,asthegenerationspassed,itbecameincreasinglydifficultforour

youngpeopletoacceptstandardsofbehaviorthatborenorelationshiptothe

bustlingbusinessmediuminwhichtheywereexpectedtobattleforsuccess.The

waractedmerelyasacatalyticagentinthisbreakdownofVictoriansocial

structure.

2.Forthegreatmajorityofautomobileworkers,theonlymeaningofthejobisin

thepaycheck,notanythingconnectedwiththeworkortheproduct.Workappears

assomethingunnatural、adisagieeab?meaninglessandstultifyingconditionof

gettingthepaycheck,devoidofdignityaswellasofimportance.

V.Therearetwosectionsinthispart.ForSection1,youareaskedtotranslate

twoofthethreeunderlinedsentencesinthepassageintoChinese.ForSection

2,youareaskedtotranslatetheunderlinedfivepartsintheparagraphinto

English.WriteyourtranslationontheANSWERSHEET.(30points)

SectionI

[1]Itisasthoughsomegiant'shandweresqueezingthetrunksofthetrees,forcing

thesapupandalongthebranches,fortheblossomseemstosquirtintotheair.

TherehavebeenotherMaysinotheryears,butneverhastherebeensomuch

blossom.Thebeesarebewilderedbyit.Afewsmallbush-appleswhichwereas

austereaswalkingstickswhenIplantedthemonlytwomonthsagoarenowinfull

flower,andlooklikelittlegirlsjustofftoacarnival.

Peach,cherry,plumandapplestrainintotheair;[2]allthetreesintheorchardare

outtogether,andforonce、noclumsywindhasshornorrainwashedtheirfirail、

enameled、finepetalsdownintothelecheroushandsofgrass.

[3]Whatfloweristhereasdelicateasthisflowerthatgrowsoutofagnarledoldtree

withitstrunkalltwistedanditsbarkallblistered?Itisaparadox.Beautyisalwaysa

paradox.

Vocabulary

blister:abumporswellingappears

enamel：asubstancelikeglassthatcanbeheatedandputontometal,glassor

potteryinordertodecorateorprotectit.

lecher:amanwhoiscontinuallythinkingaboutsex

Section2

⑴西方文化以宗教為本,從希臘神話到拉美神話的敘事傳統(tǒng)，『21人界之外

還有神界的深厚資源和廣闊空間,魔幻的力量誘人至深，⑶今天風靡天下的

《哈利?波特》和《星球大戰(zhàn)》，更把這一傳統(tǒng)在高科技的參與下發(fā)揮光大。

⑷中國文學中六月飛雪，梁祝化蝶，白發(fā)三千丈,倒拔垂楊柳等，是介乎浪漫

與魔幻之間的想象夸張,即便偶有神幻的點綴，也用之極慎。⑸撇開佛家道家

的傳統(tǒng)不談，中國儒家主流強于人本視角而弱于神本視角。

VI.PleasewriteinEnglishanessayofapproximately300wordsononeofthe

titlesgivenbelowontheANSWERSHEET.（20points）

1.TheRoleofLearner'sNativeLanguageinhis/herLearningProcessofEnglishas

aForeignLanguage

2.TheRoleofDictionariesintheLearningProcessofEnglishasaForeign

Language

漢語部分（40分）

（注：英語教育和英語翻譯專業(yè)的考生答一、四、五題，其他專業(yè)的考生答

一、二、三、四題。）

一、填空題（每空1分，共10分）

1.《詩經(jīng)》中的詩歌創(chuàng)作年代是從至春秋中葉。

2.戰(zhàn)國散文按其內容可分為兩大類：一類是；一類是先秦

3.南朝出現(xiàn)了文學批評史上罕有其匹的巨著《》。

4.魏晉南北朝詩歌時期的創(chuàng)作最為輝煌，其代表作家是三曹，即

、、和女詩人o

5.“樓船夜雪瓜洲渡，”是陸游《》中的名句。

二、單項選擇題（在每小題的備選答案中選出一個正確答案，每小題1

分，共20分）

1.以語錄體形式記述的先秦諸子著作是（）。

A、老子B、論語C、孟子D、荀子

2.按照班固的解釋，“離騷”的意思就是（）。

A、遭受憂患B、離別的憂愁C、發(fā)牢騷D、被離間騷擾

3.“建安”這一年號屬于（）。

A、漢B、魏C、蜀D、吳

4.宋代文人中，文章有戰(zhàn)國縱橫家之風的是《六國論》的作者（

）O

A、王安石B、蘇軾C、蘇洵D、歐陽修

5.清詩人中以七言歌行《圓圓曲》而名滿一時的是（

）O

A、錢謙益B、顧炎武C、龔自珍D、吳偉業(yè)

6.《望岳》：“岱宗夫如何，齊魯青未了?！薄搬纷凇敝福?/p>

）O

A.華山B.嵩山C.泰山D.恒山

7.下列作品中屬于新樂府詩的是（）。

A.《賣炭翁》B.《琵琶行》

C.《長恨歌》D.《錢塘湖春行》

8.“斜陽草樹，尋常巷陌，人道寄奴曾住?！薄凹呐笔侵福?/p>

）O

A.孫權B.劉備C.周瑜D.劉裕

9..盛唐詩風形成的標志是（）。

A.講究聲律辭藻B.抒寫慷慨情杯

C.詩情畫意結合D.聲律風骨兼?zhèn)?/p>

10..最早以“賦”作為文體名稱的作品是（）o

A.《高唐賦》B.《吊屈原賦》

C.《柳賦》D.《賦篇》

三、多項選擇題（在每小題的備選答案中選出二個至三個正確答案，每小題2

分，共10分）

1.《西洲曲》“低頭弄蓮子，蓮子青如水”二句運用的修辭手法有（）

（）O

A.比喻B.擬人C.頂真D.諧音E.夸張

2.下列作家屬于桐城派的有（）（）（）。

A.方苞B.劉大槌C.歸有光D.姚鼐E,袁枚

3.“春秋三傳”包括的著作有（）（）（）o

A.《左傳》B.《公羊傳》C.《穆天子傳》

D.《谷梁傳》E.《春秋外傳》

4.屈原利用楚國民歌形式，運用楚國方言，創(chuàng)造了“楚辭體”，他的作品有

（）（）（）。

A.《離騷》B.《天問》C.《九辯》

D.《對楚王問》E.《九歌》

5.“黃河遠上白云間，一片孤城萬仞山，羌笛何須怨楊柳，春風不度玉門

關?！边@首膾炙人口的絕句是A（）B（）C（）o

A.1初唐、2盛唐、3中唐

B.1王之渙、2王翰、3王昌齡

C.1律詩、2七絕、3小令

四、指出下列帶點的詞性和特殊用法（每題1分，計10分）

1.何去何從（）

2.王見之，日：“牛何之？”()()

3.考吾老，以及人之孝()()

4.親賢臣，遠小人，此先漢野以興隆也()()

5.六王畢，四海：()

6.其星之渭乎()()

五、閱讀文章，寫一篇短文(20分)

語言間的文化差異客觀存在?，F(xiàn)代社會的進步使人感覺到世界變得越來越

小，然而并不能使人們的心理距離縮小。不同民族和不同國家的人接觸越多，

越會感到文化差異的存在。比如，人們在文化取向、風土人情、傳統(tǒng)習俗、生

活方式、行為規(guī)范、價值觀念、社會規(guī)范、思維方式等方面存在差異，而方方

面面的差異必然反映到語言上。

語言是文化系統(tǒng)的一部分，不同語言具有不同的文化意義。人們在使用不

同語言描寫同一客觀事物時，表現(xiàn)出不同的文化底蘊。學習和使用非母語語言

時，負載的文化知識必然產(chǎn)生認知差異，人們在選擇詞語進行跨文化交際中，

常常因為誤解和誤用詞語，導致一些跨文化交際的不協(xié)調。

跨文化交際沖突的語言原因有：詞匯空缺(wordlacuna,兩語中找不到相對

應相契合的詞)、詞義錯位(misplacingofmeaning,兩語中相對應的詞在不同

文化背景中引起不同聯(lián)想)、詞義空缺(semanticlacuna,某一詞項的含義在此

語言中比在彼語言里寬廣)、句法差異(syntacticdifferencials)＞語用失誤

(pragmaticfailure)、非語言失誤(failuresinmisusingnon-verbals)等方面。

要求：

1、攻讀英語教育專業(yè)碩士學位的研究生，根據(jù)你的理解和認識，從英語教學的

角度寫一篇短文；攻讀英語翻譯專業(yè)碩士學位的研究生，根據(jù)你的理解和認

識，從英語翻譯的角度寫一篇短文。

2、字數(shù)要求400--500字。

3、觀點明確，論述集中，不要面面俱到。

天津外國語學院

2007年攻讀英語語言文學專業(yè)碩士學位

研究生入學考試樣題

考試科目：英語語言文學

(考試時間180分鐘總分150分)

注：本試卷共五項，I、II、III、IV項(共100分)為所有報考我校英語專業(yè)

碩士研究生的必答題，主要考查考生的英語水平和專業(yè)知識結構，內容涉及英

語專業(yè)本科教學主要課程，包括英語國家概況、英美文學史、語言學、翻譯、

教育、高級英語和英語寫作；第V項（50分）分為若干專業(yè)方向模塊，主要考

查考生對所報考專業(yè)方向知識了解的深度和學術發(fā)展?jié)摿?，考生根?jù)自己所報

考的專業(yè)方向選擇答題。

I.Choosetheoneanswerthatbestanswerthequestionorcompletes/explainsthe

sentence.WriteyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(20pointsfor20

questions)Fiveexamplesaregivenbelowassamplequestions.

1.WhichofthefollowingAmericanauthorsmadecolloquialspeechanaccepted,

respectableliterarymediumintheliteraryhistoryofAmerica.

A.MarkTwain

B.WashingtonIrving

C.HermanMelville

D.EzraPound

2.OfthefollowingplaysbyShakespeare,whichoneisnotacomedy?

A.KingLear

B.TheMerchantofVenice

C.AsYouLikeIt

D.MuchAdoAboutNothing

3.IfyoumeetastrangerfromBritain,whichofthefollowingquestionscanyouask

him?

A.Howoldareyou?

B.Whendidyoubuyyourwatch?

C.Howoftendoyoutravelabroad?

D.Whatisyoursalary?

4.About40millionAmericanschangeresidenceseveryyearbecauseofthe

followingreasonsexcept.

A.theneedforbiggerorsmallerlivingquartersasfamilysizechanges.

B.thedesiretostartanewlifeinanewplace.

C.deterioratingpollutionaroundtheircommunities.

D.jobopportunities.

5.Whichofthefollowingisanaffricate?

A.[9]

B.⑵

c.[0]

D.[dr]

ILFillineachblankwithanappropriatewordorphrasetocompletethe

followingpassage.WriteyouranswerontheANSWERSHEET.(30points)Five

examplesaregivenassamples.

1.waskeenlyawareofthemisdeedsofhisPuritanancestors,andthis

awarenessledtohisunderstandingofevilbeingatthecoreofhumanlife,atheme

hesuccessfullydealtwithinhismasterpieceTheScarletLetter.

2.In'sTessoftheD'urhervilles,Tess,apurewomanbroughtup

withthetraditionalideaofwomanlyvirtues,isabusedanddestroyedbybothAlec

andAngel,agentsofthedestructiveforceofthesociety.

3.“Allmenarecreatedequal“isafamousstatementwhichappearsin

4.ThepersonwhoestablishedthetranslationtheoryofFidelity,Fluencyand

Eleganceis.

5.Thetermisdefinedasthescientificstudyoflanguage.

III.Brieflyexplaineachofthefollowingsixterms.Writeyouransweronthe

ANSWERSHEET.(30points)

1.sonnet

2.paradox

3.theLostGeneration

4.ColdWar

5.discourseanalysis

6.fbreignization

IV.PleasewriteinEnglishanessayofapproximately300wordsonthetitlegiven

belowontheANSWERSHEET.(20points)

WhichisyourfavoriteShakespearianplay?Why?

V.Answerthequestions,ordothetranslation,undertheareaofstudyforwhich

youaremakingtheapplication.Writeyouranswersoryourtranslationonthe

ANSWERSHEET.(50points)

(American&BritishLiterature)

Answerthreeofthefollowingessayquestions:

1.InTheScarletLetter.HesterPrynneishumiliatedinthemarketplace,shethen

choosestoliveinasmallthatchedcottageon“theoutskirtsofthetown,withinthe

vergeofthepeninsula,butnotinclosevicinitytoanyotherhabitation/9andseven

yearslater,shemeetsDimmesdaleintheforest.Commentonthesettingofthe

novel.

2.DramaticissuesinsomeofWilliams'splaysrevolvearoundthe“imposition”of

an"other“imposinghis/hersenseof“whatshouldbe"onanotherinrelationto

personalorsocietalexpectations.IllustratethispointwithevidencefromThe

GlassMenagerieOrAStreetcarNamedDesire,

3.CommentonWaltWhitman'suseofimageryOrrhythminOneofthefollowing

poems:

“ThereWasaChildWentForth”

“IHearAmericaSinging”

“OCaptain,MyCaptain”

“WhenLilacsLastintheDooryardBloom^d^^

4.WhydomostofthecriticscallShakespeare'ssonnetsastory?

5.Englishromanticismisseenasastrongreactiontoneoclassicismofthe18th

century.Couldyoutellusthedifferencebetweenromanticismandclassicismin

termsoftheconceptofpoetryandthepoet?

6.WiththeinfluenceofIbsen,agreatNorwegianplaywright,G.B.Shawmade

greatcontributionstothemodernEnglishtheatre.Inhislongliterarycareer,Shaw

wrotemanyplays.Pleasnameatleast5ofhisfamousplaysandtellusthemain

artisticfeaturesofhisdramaturgy.

(AmericanSocietyandCulture)

1.HowdidtheblackssufferinAmericanhistory?Whatisthecurrentsituation?

2.HowdidtheAmericanslosetheirnationaloptimismin1960s?

3.Whatisyourcommenton“WhitherChina:FromMembershiptoResponsibility^^

byRobertB.Zoellick,DeputySecretaryofStateattheNationalCommitteeon

US-ChinaRelations,NewYorkCityonSeptember21,2005.

(Linguistics)

1.Asoneofthesemantictheoriesthatusethenotionof“concept”,Ogdenand

Richards'semantictriangle(1923)treatstherelationbetweenawordandathing

asbeingmediatedbyconcept.Discussthroughexampleshowthistheorymay

work.

2.NameandcommentonthefourcategoriesofmaximsinGrice'sCPanddiscuss

thepossibilityofviolatingtherules.

3.Discussthedifferencesbetweenlearningalanguageandthestudyoflanguage.

(TranslationandInterpretation)

漢譯英

開發(fā)利用生物質能資源是未來能源發(fā)展的主流趨勢。我國生物質能資源豐富，

年總量約為7.5億噸標煤。其中絕大多數(shù)集中在農(nóng)村，僅農(nóng)作物秸稈、薪柴和

人畜糞便即達5億噸標煤，可作能源利用的秸稈有3.7億噸。利用生物質能具

有分散性、小型化和就地取材等多方面優(yōu)勢，不僅能夠適應我國農(nóng)村的特點和

需要，而且還能為“三農(nóng)”開辟了一條新的生產(chǎn)和致富門路，是農(nóng)村的一種多

功能戰(zhàn)略性能源。目前應積極調整能源發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略，突出農(nóng)村生物質能源的開發(fā)

和利用，啟動“生物質能源開發(fā)工程”，重點在“能源植物”的培育，加快生

物質新能源、新材料的開發(fā)與利用等方面加快研究、試點、示范和推廣應用，

多渠道開發(fā)和利用生物質能源，發(fā)展能源農(nóng)業(yè)。

英譯漢

WHATmakesasuicide-bomber?Longbeforetheattacksthatkilled52peoplein

LondononJuly7th,Britain'ssecurityserviceshadaclearpatternintheirminds.A

manwhomaydrinkbeer,playfootball,chasegirlsandleadalifethatis

indistinguishablefromthoseofmostotheryoungBritonsstartslookingaroundfor

somethinglessordinary.Atthatpoint,hecomesundertheinfluenceofacharismatic

imam,whorailsagainsttheill-treatmentofMuslimsaroundtheworldandsuggestsa

straightforwardroutetoself-fulfilment.HemayeventuallyboardaplanetoIsraelora

traintoLondon,withtheintentionofkillingasmanyciviliansaspossible.

Tryingtopreventrebelliousimpulsesfromtakingholdisadifficultthingforaparent

todo,letaloneagovernme