專題09 詞義猜測題（分層練）(解析版)

專題驗(yàn)收評價(jià)專題09詞義猜測題內(nèi)容概覽A·?？碱}不丟分【命題點(diǎn)01單詞或短語猜測】【命題點(diǎn)02代詞或名詞指代猜測】【命題點(diǎn)03句子意義猜測】【微專題詞義猜測題易錯(cuò)陷阱】B·拓展培優(yōu)拿高分C·挑戰(zhàn)真題爭滿分【命題點(diǎn)01單詞或短語猜測】1.【廣東省揭陽市普寧市第一中學(xué)2023-2024學(xué)年高三試題】Inearly2021,Ihitarutinmystudies.AsadoctoralcandidateattheUniversityofChicagoinIllinois,Iworkedtodesignsafer,moreeffectivematerialsforvaccinedelivery.AlthoughIhadbeenproductiveearlyinmygraduatecareer,mylonghoursandhardworkwerenolongertranslatingintosuccessinthelaboratory,andIfelthopelessaboutachievingmygoals.SomethinghadtochangeWhatdoestheunderlinedpart“hitarut”inparagraph1mean?A．Stoppedprogressingsmoothly. B．Hadveryslowreactions.C．Acceptedhardwork’svalue. D．Overcameabigproblem.【答案】A【解析】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)文章第一段“AlthoughIhadbeenproductiveearlyinmygraduatecareer,mylonghoursandhardworkwerenolongertranslatingintosuccessinthelaboratory,andIfelthopelessaboutachievingmygoals.Somethinghadtochange.(雖然我在研究生生涯的早期很有成效，但我的長時(shí)間和辛勤工作不再轉(zhuǎn)化為實(shí)驗(yàn)室的成功，我對實(shí)現(xiàn)自己的目標(biāo)感到絕望。有些事情必須改變。)”可知，我在學(xué)業(yè)上遇到了瓶頸，所以劃線部分的短語是停止順利進(jìn)行的意思。故選A項(xiàng)。2.【湖北省高中名校聯(lián)盟2023-2024學(xué)年高三聯(lián)合測評試題】Actually,untilherpregnancyQuarleshadbeenlivingatbreakneckspeed.Itwentsountillastyear.“Iwasexhausted,”shesays.“I’dbeenworkingthreejobs,doingmycharityandgoingnonstop.Iwasafraidmymentalhealthwasgettingworse.”Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“breakneck”underlinedinparagraph2?A．Safeandslow. B．Fastanddangerous.C．Excitingandterrifying. D．Gentleandcomfortable.【答案】B【解析】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第一段“AliciaQuarleshasherhandsfullthesedays—bothofthem,atallhoursofthedayandnight.(這些天艾麗西亞·夸爾斯忙得不可開交——無論是白天還是晚上)”及劃線詞下文““Iwasexhausted,”shesays.“I’dbeenworkingthreejobs,doingmycharityandgoingnonstop.Iwasafraidmymentalhealthwasgettingworse.”(“我筋疲力盡，”她說?！拔乙恢痹谧鋈莨ぷ?，做慈善，不停地工作。我擔(dān)心我的心理健康狀況會越來越差?！?”可知，夸爾斯工作繁忙，生活速度非?？?，以至于筋疲力盡。由此推知，劃線詞breakneck與Fastanddangerous(快速危險(xiǎn))意思接近。故選B。3.【2023屆山西省運(yùn)城市高三5月第三次模擬調(diào)研測試】Gettingadrivinglicensewasonceauniversalpassageintoadulthood.Butnowagrowingminorityofyoungpeopleignoreoractivelyopposeit,intotheir20sandbeyond.Thatstartstocreatemoresupportforanti-carpoliciesincitiesaroundtheworldtopassanti-carlaws,changingplanningrulestofavourpedestriansoverdrivers.Afteracenturyinwhichthecarremadetherichworld,thetidebeginstoswingtheotherway.By1997,43%ofAmerica’s16-year-oldshaddrivinglicenses.Buttheproportionhasbeenfallingforeveryagegroupunder40.Eventhosewhohavethemaredrivingless.AsimilartrendisseeninEurope.OnestudyoffiveEuropeancapitalsfoundthenumberofdrivingtripsmadebyworkingpeoplewasdownsubstantiallysinceapeakinthe1990s.Nooneisentirelysurewhyyoungadultsareprovingresistanttoowningacar.Thegrowthoftheinterestisoneobviouspossibility—themoreyoucanshoponline,orstreamfilmsathome,thelessneedthereistodriveintotown.TheriseoftaxiappslikeUberhascontributedaswell.Drivinggenerallyismoreexpensive.Otherreasonsseemmorecultural.Onebigmotivatorisworriesaboutclimatechange.Thefallingpopularityofcarsamongtheunder-40schimeswiththemoodamongcityplannersandurbanists.InAmerica,NewYorkhasbannedcarsfromCentralParkandsomestreets.Inthepastfewyears,dozensofAmericancitieshaveremovedrulesthatforcedeveloperstoprovideacertainamountoffreeparkingaroundtheirbuildings.AstheexampleinOxfondshows,politicaloppositioncouldputthebrakesonthegrowthofanti-carpolicies.ButinthepartsofEuropewhereanti-carpolicieshavebeeninplace,theyappeartohaveworked.Giulionotesthatalmostnowhereintheworldthathasremovedabigroad,orpedestrianisedashoppingstreet,hasdecidedtoturnback.“Oncepeoplesee,theygenerallydon’twanttogoback.”Ifthatpatternholds,the21stcenturymightjustseethecar’shigh-watermark.14．Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“chimeswith”meaninparagraph4?A．Agreeswith. B．Sticksto. C．Cooperateswith. D．Emergesfrom.【答案】14．A【解析】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞后文“InAmerica,NewYorkhasbannedcarsfromCentralParkandsomestreets.Inthepastfewyears,dozensofAmericancitieshaveremovedrulesthatforcedeveloperstoprovideacertainamountoffreeparkingaroundtheirbuildings.(在美國，紐約已經(jīng)禁止汽車進(jìn)入中央公園和一些街道。在過去的幾年里，幾十個(gè)美國城市已經(jīng)取消了迫使開發(fā)商在其建筑周圍提供一定數(shù)量的免費(fèi)停車位的規(guī)定)”以及“themoodamongcityplannersandurbanists(城市規(guī)劃者和城市規(guī)劃者的情緒。)”可知，城市規(guī)劃者和城市規(guī)劃學(xué)家應(yīng)該是維護(hù)城市環(huán)境，所以會反對汽車進(jìn)入城市中的某些地方，這說明城市規(guī)劃者和城市規(guī)劃學(xué)家也不喜歡人們開車，由此可知，在40歲以下人群中，開車的受歡迎程度在下降，與城市規(guī)劃者和城市規(guī)劃學(xué)家的情緒相符合，故畫線詞意思是“符合”。故選A。4.【2023屆貴州省遵義市高三三?！縅osephDiturihasn’tseenthesunfordays.Andhewon’tseeitagainformonths.SinceMarch1,thebio-medicalengineerhasbeenunderwater,withthegoalofspending100daysthere—forscience.Theunderwaterliving,ifsuccessful,willalsobreakthecurrentworldrecordfortimespentlivingunderwater,whichwassetbytwoTennesseebiologistsin2014whentheystayedbeneaththesurfacefor73days.Dituri,whousesthenicknameDr.DeepSea,islivinginJules’UnderseaLodge(小屋)inKeyLargo,Florida—thesameunderwaterspotwherethepreviousrecordwasset.The100-square-foothotel,whichsits30feetbelowthesurface,ishisintendedhomeuntilJune9,wherehe’llbecarryingoutresearchandgivingvirtuallecturesforhisstudentsattheUniversityofSouthFloridaAspartofthisresearch,Dituriisresearchingtheeffectsoflivinginahigh-pressureenvironmentforanextendedperiod.Tokeepwaterfromenteringthelodge,airmustconstantlybepumpedintothespace,whichcreatesapressureabout1.6timesthatofEarth’ssurface.“Thehumanbodyhasneverbeenunderwaterthatlong,soIwillbemonitoredclosely,”Diturisaysinapressrelease.“Thisstudywillexamineeverywaythisjourneyaffectsmybody.”Beforetakingthedive,Diturihadpsychosocial,psychologicalandmedicaltests.Hewillcontinuetohavetestingduringandafterhis100daysatthelodge.He’salsotakingdosesofVitaminDandkeepingregularpsychologicalappointments.Beyondresearch,theprojectisalsoachancetopromoteoceanprotectionandencourageyoungscientists.“Theoceansareinabitoftrouble-thecoralreefsareunderattack,andthefishingindustryiscollapsing,”ThaneMilhoan,habitatoperationsmanagerforJules’UnderseaLodge,saysinavideo.“Wewantedtomakeuseoftheattentionthatthe100-daymissionwoulddemandtoinspiretheyouth,moresothananybody,togetinvolvedandstarttakingaction.”11．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“collapsing”inthelastparagraphmean?A．Breakingdown. B．Comingout.C．Operatingwell. D．Growingfast.【答案】11．A【解析】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線詞上文“Theoceansareinabitoftrouble-thecoralreefsareunderattack,andthefishingindustryis”可知海洋處于麻煩中，珊瑚礁造破壞，漁業(yè)在崩潰。海洋需要保護(hù)，這也是本項(xiàng)研究的另一目的。故劃線詞意思是“崩潰”。故選A?！久}點(diǎn)02代詞或名詞指代猜測】1.【湖南省常德市第一中學(xué)2023-2024學(xué)年高三試題】RegulatorylimitsforhowmuchPFASfoodpackagingshouldcontaincanvarygreatly.Forinstance,anewlawinCaliforniasetthelimitatlessthan100ppm.“ComparedtoAmerica,Denmarksetsamuchlowerregulatorylimitof20ppmwithgreatsuccess,”saidXeniaTrier,anexpertattheEuropeanEnvironmentAgency.“Itdoesworktosetlimitsandenforcethem.PFASdomigratefromthepaperintothefood.Eventhoughitwasnot100%,westillsawconsiderabletransmission.Ingeneral,transmissionfrompackagingtofoodisincreasedasthetemperatureofthefoodrises.Itisthesamewiththetimespentinwrappingmaterials.”TriertoldNBS,oneofthemajorAmericanmass-mediacompanies.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”refertoinparagraph4?A．Considerablemigrationofgreaseandwater.B．PFAStransmissionfrompackagingtofood.C．Wrapperexposuretohighfoodtemperature.D．Regulatorylimitsconcerningfoodpackaging.【答案】B【解析】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第四段“PFASdomigratefromthepaperintothefood.Eventhoughitwasnot100%,westillsawconsiderabletransmission.(PFAS確實(shí)從紙張轉(zhuǎn)移到了食品中。盡管它不是100%，但我們?nèi)匀豢吹搅讼喈?dāng)大的傳播)”可知，句中it指代上文提及的“PFAS從紙張轉(zhuǎn)移到食品中”。故選B。2.【湖南省常德市臨澧一中2023-2024學(xué)年高三階段試題】SheprogrammedanIBM7030Stretchcomputer,providingfastercalculationsforanaccurateEarthmodel.ThisdetailedmathematicalmodeloftheshapeoftheEarthwasabuildingblockforwhatwouldbecometheGPSorbit.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“abuildingblock”inparagraph5mean?A．Abasicpart. B．Adetailedmap.C．Abuildingmaterial. D．Amajorobstacle.【答案】A【解析】詞句猜測題。劃線詞句前文“SheprogrammedanIBM7030Stretchcomputer,providingfastercalculationsforanaccurateEarthmodel.(她編寫了一臺IBM7030Stretch計(jì)算機(jī)，為精確的地球模型提供了更快的計(jì)算。)”說明這個(gè)數(shù)學(xué)模型是GPS的基礎(chǔ)，從而推知劃線詞句“(這個(gè)關(guān)于地球形狀的詳細(xì)數(shù)學(xué)模型是GPS軌道的abuildingblock。)”其中劃線短語應(yīng)為“基石”的意思，與A項(xiàng)同義。故選A項(xiàng)。3.【2023年湖北武漢?？肌緾ory’sshearwatersarelong-lived,rarelyproducingyoungsuccessfullybeforeagenine.Thisleavesanopeningforlearningandpracticetodeveloptheirmigrationpatterns.Researcherscallthisthe“exploration-refinement”,anduntilnowithasbeenhypothetical(假設(shè)的)becauseofdifficultiesintrackingmigratoryanimals’movements.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“this”inparagraph3referto?A．Theopeningforlearningandpractice.B．TheuniquelivinghabitofCory’sshearwaters.C．ThewayCory’sshearwatersformtheirmigrationpatterns.D．TheprocessscientiststrackCory’sshearwaters’movements.【答案】C【解析】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)“Cory’sshearwatersarelong-lived,rarelyproducingyoungsuccessfullybeforeagenine.Thisleavesanopeningforlearningandpracticetodeveloptheirmigrationpatterns.(科里海鷗的壽命很長，很少能在九歲之前成功產(chǎn)下幼崽。這為學(xué)習(xí)和實(shí)踐發(fā)展它們的遷移模式提供了機(jī)會)”和“Researcherscallthisthe“exploration-refinement”(研究人員稱之為“探索-精煉”)”可知，此處指研究人員稱這種模式為“探索-精煉”，第三段中劃線的this指代的是科里海鷗形成遷徙模式的方式。故選C項(xiàng)。4.【2023屆廣東省深圳市高級中學(xué)高三模擬預(yù)測】Duringthelastfewyearswehavelivedthroughaseriesofworryingglobalevents,fromtheCOVIDpandemictodevastatingwildfires.Insteadoffeelinginformedafterwatchingthenews,manypeoplefeelanxious,upsetandsick.AnewstudypublishedinJournalofHealthCommunicationinvestigatedintothisproblem.Accordingtothestudy,stress,anxiety,andpoorhealthfollowpeoplewhohaveaconstanturgetocheckthenews.Fortheseindividuals,avicious(惡性的)cyclecandevelopinwhich,ratherthantuningout,theybecomedrawnfurtherin,checkingforupdatesaroundtheclocktorelievetheiremotionalstress.Butitdoesn’thelp,andthemoretheycheckthenews,themoreitbeginstointerfere(干擾)withotheraspectsoftheirlives.Ofthe1,100peoplesurveyedforthestudy,16.5percentbecamesoabsorbedinthenewsthatitdominatedtheirthoughts,limitedthetimetheyspentwithfamilyandfriendsandmadeitdifficulttofocusonschoolorwork,Thosearetheverythings-purposefulengagementandsocialconnection-thathelpuscopewithstressandmentalhealthchallenges8．Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“thisproblem”inParagraph1referto?A．Thatnewsaddictionmaybringnegativeeffects.B．ThatCOVID-19affectspeople’smentalhealth.C．Thatpeopleareexposedtotoomuchinformation.D．Thatjournalistsfocusonterrifyingstoriestoimpressreaders.【答案】8．A【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章通過介紹一項(xiàng)關(guān)于許多人在看完新聞后非但沒有感到知情，反而感到焦慮、不安和惡心的一項(xiàng)研究，告訴人們應(yīng)該與新聞建立更健康的關(guān)系。8．詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線詞上文“Insteadoffeelinginformedafterwatchingthenews,manypeoplefeelanxious,upsetandsick.(很多人在看完新聞后并沒有得到足夠的信息，而是感到焦慮、不安和惡心)”可知，下文的劃線詞thisproblem指代“新聞成癮可能會帶來負(fù)面影響”這一問題。故選A項(xiàng)。5【2023屆重慶市巴蜀中學(xué)校高考適應(yīng)性模擬預(yù)測5月】Thehoneybeewaggledancehasbeencelebratedasamostcomplexanimalcommunicationsystem.Astudyuncovereditsnewpropertythatbeesmustpartiallylearnthedancefromwatchingexperienceddancers,adiscoverythattorpedoesthegeneralperceptionthatthedanceiswhollyinborn.Adancerbeerelaysinformationtofollowerbeesaboutthetargetlocationbyadjustingherselfwhileshakingherstomach,allowingforimpressiveflexibilityintheangle,durationandherenthusiasm.Herbody’sanglecorrespondstothesun’spositionrelativetothenestentrance.Thedistanceinformationisconveyedbythedanceduration.Andthemoreenergeticandpassionatethedance,thebetterthefood.She’llwaggleinastraightlineforsecondsbeforecirclingbacktorepeatthedance,creatingthefigureeightpattern.Thisbeewaggledancesystemwaslongassumedtobenaturalbehavior,butresearchersmadeabreakthroughthroughanexperiment.Theycreatedterritoriesofnewbornbeescompletelyseparatedfrommatureones.Whenthenewbornstartedvisitingflowersandproducingtheirfirstwaggledances,theyconsistentlymademoreerrorsinthewaytheyreportedtheangleanddistancetothefoodsourcethanbeesraisedinmixed-agedterritoriesandthusexposedtothewaggledancesincetheywereborn.Theyalsogeneratedlooserfigureeightpatterns,makingitharderforthefollowerbeestogetthemessage.Evenwhenplacedbackintoaterritorywithmaturebees,theyneverseemedtolearnhowtocommunicateinformationcorrectly.Theseresultssuggesteveryhoneybeeisbornwithawaggledancemodelthatgivesthemabasicunderstandingofhowtodance.Bywatchingtheirelders,they’llacquirenewrulesonhowtogeneratethedanceuniquetotheirterritory.Thisisthefirstknownexampleofsuchcomplexsociallearningofcommunicationininsectsandisaformofanimalculture,strikinglysimilartothewayhumanlanguagegeneratesnewlanguagestoshapeitselfaroundthelocalconditions.Whilethewaggledanceissecondtohumanlanguageintermsoftheabilitytocommunicatediverseinformationthroughrandomsymbols,thenewly-discoveredpropertymakesitevenmorelanguage-likeandjustthatmuchmoremind-blowing.12．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“torpedoes”meaninparagraph1?A．Illustrates. B．Overturns. C．Fitsinwith. D．Givesriseto.15．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inthelastparagraphreferto?A．Thewaggledance. B．Humanlanguage.C．Thenewproperty. D．Diverseinformation.【答案】12．B15．A【解析】12．詞句猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞上文“Astudyuncovereditsnewpropertythatbeesmustpartiallylearnthedancefromwatchingexperienceddancers”以及后文“generalperceptionthatthedanceiswhollyinborn”可知，一項(xiàng)研究揭示了它的新特性，即蜜蜂必須部分地從觀察有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的舞者中學(xué)習(xí)舞蹈，這顛覆了人們認(rèn)為舞蹈是天生的看法，故畫線詞意思是“顛覆”。故選B。15．詞句猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞上文“Whilethewaggledanceissecondtohumanlanguageintermsoftheabilitytocommunicatediverseinformationthroughrandomsymbols”以及后文“evenmorelanguage-likeandjustthatmuchmoremind-blowing”可知，while表示轉(zhuǎn)折，指雖然搖擺舞在通過隨機(jī)符號交流各種信息的能力方面僅次于人類語言，但新發(fā)現(xiàn)的特性使它（搖擺舞）更像語言，更令人興奮。故畫線詞意思是“搖擺舞”。故選A?！久}點(diǎn)03句子意義猜測】1.【山東省曲阜師范大學(xué)附屬中學(xué)2023-2024學(xué)年質(zhì)量檢測】

Realrichesconsistofwell-developedandheartycapacities(能力)toenjoylife.Mostpeoplearealreadyswamped(淹沒)withthings.Theyeat,wear,goandtalktoomuch.Theyliveintoobigahousewithtoomanyrooms,yettheirhouseoflifeisahutTheunderlinedsentenceinthesecondparagraphprobablyimpliesthat______.A．howevermateriallyrich,theyneverseemtobesatisfiedB．howevermateriallyrich,theyremainspirituallypoorC．thoughtheirhouseisbig,theypreferasimplelifeD．thoughtheirhouseisbig,itseemstobeacage2.【2022·湖北孝感高三模擬】AssoonasIstartedpedalingagain,mypantsgotcaughtinthechain,andIfellflatonmyfaceandhitmynose.Sincethathappenedtmygranddaddecidedtocallitadayandtryagainthenextmorning.ThenextmorningIwokeupbrightandearly,andwasveryeagertotrytoridemybike.Mynosefeltbetter,soIwasn’tthatafraidoffallinganymore26．Whatdoestheunderlinedpartinthepassagemean?A．Rememberwhathappenedthisday.B．Maketheauthorfeelhappy.C．Stoppracticingbicycling.D．Goontorideabike.【答案】C【分析】詞義猜測題。下文andtryagainthenextmorning.說第二天早晨再嘗試，可猜測出mygranddaddecidedtocallitaday的意思是我的祖父決定暫停，故選C。3.【2023年湖北武漢?？肌縒henIwasyoung,afriendandIcameupwitha“big”plantomakereadingeasy.Theideawastoboildowngreatbookstoasentenceeach.“Moby-Dick”byAmericanwriterHermanMelville,forinstance,wasreducedto:“Awhaleofataleabouttheonethatgotaway.”Asitturnedout,thejokewasonus.Howcouldasinglesentenceconveytheessence(精髓)ofamasterpiecewithoverfivehundredpages?Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“thejokewasonus”inParagraph1mean?A．Wewereactuallyjoking. B．Wewerelaughedatbyothers.C．Wewereunderestimating’ourselves. D．Wewerejustembarrassingourselves.【答案】D【解析】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)“Theideawastoboildowngreatbookstoasentenceeach.“Moby-Dick”byAmericanwriterHermanMelville,forinstance,wasreducedto:“Awhaleofataleabouttheonethatgotaway.”(這個(gè)想法是將偉大的書籍簡化為一個(gè)句子。例如，美國作家HermanMelville的《白鯨》就被簡化為:“一個(gè)關(guān)于逃走的那個(gè)人的故事?！?”和劃線句子下文“Howcouldasinglesentenceconveytheessence(精髓)ofamasterpiecewithoverfivehundredpages?(一句話怎么能表達(dá)出一部五百多頁的杰作的精髓呢？)”可知，作者和朋友想把一些偉大的書籍簡化為一個(gè)句子，但是當(dāng)他們把《白鯨》簡化為：“一個(gè)關(guān)于逃走的那個(gè)人的故事。”時(shí)，他們發(fā)現(xiàn)用一句話是根本無法表達(dá)出一部五百多頁杰作的精髓，他們簡直是在自取其辱。故選D。4.【2023屆吉林省吉林市普通高中高三下學(xué)期第四次調(diào)研測】AncientChinesepaintingsarealwaysinavividstatefortheworldtoappreciate,interpretandpasson.Eachsignaturehastheechoofhistoryandthebreathingoftime.Whenascroll(卷軸)isopened,theartofpaintingistransformedintoalivingstory,andthehiddenhistorywakesupfromthepainting.TheNightRevelsofHanXizaiisdescribedastheearliesthuman“movie”withthelastemperorofSouthernTangasthe“producer”,thepainterGuHongzhongasthe“cameraman“,andHanXizaiasthe“l(fā)eadingactor”.ItissaidthatHanXizaiunderstoodthesuspicionoftheemperorandtheintentionofthepainter’svisit,sohestagedabanquet(宴會)withsongs,dancesanddrinkstoprotecthimself.Futuregenerationswouldbeabletofeeltheundeclaredbattlesandhistoricalsuspicionsoftherulerandministersofthaterathroughthispainting.ThenthereisTheEmperorTaizongReceivingtheTibetanEnvoy,whichgivesyoutheopportunitytostepintoZhenguanPeriodandwatchthesceneofLiShimin,EmperorTangTaizong,receivingLuDongzaninthepalace.Thepaintingsareusedasbrushestorecordhistoryandhavebeenpasseddownforthousandsofyears.Theyareancientpaintings,aswellashistoricaldocumentsthatcanbereadatanytime.Eachoneofthemisaparalleluniverse,allowingustohaveaglimpseofthosehistoricalupsanddowns.Peopleoflatergenerationswanttouseadvancedtechnologyandinnovativeideastomakehistoryanditsstoriescomealive.Thus,atthe2022SpringFestivalgala,OnlyThisGreen,basedonthepaintingAThousandLiofRiversandMountains,becameahit.Werealizethatpicturescannotonlybevividonpaper,butalsocanbealivein3D．Ancientpaintingshavebeenappreciatedforoverathousandyears,andthebeautyofChinaismorethanlandscapes.YoucanenjoyChinainancientpaintingswithamagnifying(放大)glass.Let’senjoythewhisperingofancientpaintingsandthesweetnessoftraditionalcultureinancientscrolls.7．Whatdoestheunderlinedsentencemean?A．Apracticaltoolisamustwhenappreciatingancientpaintings.B．Ancientpaintingsarenotwellpreservedduetotoolongatime.C．ThelandscapesinancientpaintingsprovetobefromChina.D．AlotaboutChineseculturecanbelearntfromancientpaintings.【答案】7．D【解析】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)劃線句子前的“Ancientpaintingshavebeenappreciatedforoverathousandyears,andthebeautyofChinaismorethanlandscapes.(古代繪畫已經(jīng)被欣賞了一千多年，中國的美不僅僅是風(fēng)景。)”可知，古畫中的美不僅僅是風(fēng)景，言外之意，還有關(guān)于中國的其他方方面面，再根據(jù)劃線句子后的句子“Let’senjoythewhisperingofancientpaintingsandthesweetnessoftraditionalcultureinancientscrolls.(讓我們一起欣賞古畫的低語，欣賞古卷中傳統(tǒng)文化的美妙。)”可知，在古畫中反應(yīng)出來的有更多傳統(tǒng)文化的美妙，由以上可知，該句話應(yīng)該是引出中國傳統(tǒng)文化，因此該句話的意思是：在古畫中可以了解很多中國文化。故選D項(xiàng)?！疚ｎ}詞義猜測題易錯(cuò)陷阱】1.【福建省龍巖第一中學(xué)2023-2024學(xué)年高三試題】Afterrescuingthelonelyanimal,SamandVerafounditextremelyemotionaltohavetoreleaseherbackoutintothewildtofendforherself—eventhoughtheyknewitwastherightthingtodo.Butafterhavingsuchastrongbondwithananimal,itwasreallydifficulttoseehergo.Theyhadputsomuchtime,effortandenergyintoraisingherbuttoseeherwalkinginaherdofblesboksmadeitallworthwhileWhichwordcanbestexplaintheunderlinedword“fend”inthelastparagraph?A．Look. B．Care.C．Search. D．Hunt.【答案】B【解析】詞句推測題。根據(jù)劃線詞所在句“Afterrescuingthelonelyanimal,SamandVerafounditextremelyemotionaltohavetoreleaseherbackoutintothewildtofendforherself—eventhoughtheyknewitwastherightthingtodo.(在拯救了這只孤獨(dú)的動物之后，山姆和維拉發(fā)現(xiàn)，不得不把她放回野外讓她自己fend，這讓他們非常激動——盡管他們知道這是一件正確的事情。)”，及上下文可知，夫婦倆把一個(gè)兩周齡的南非白面大羚羊救回并撫養(yǎng)長大，最終要放歸大自然，目的是讓它能自己照顧自己，此處fend意為“照看，照料”，與Care意思相近，故選B項(xiàng)。2.【河北省衡水市第二中學(xué)2023-2024學(xué)年高三9月檢測試題】Inthestudy,theresearcherssoughttounderstandhowthebrainusesthisfollowinginformationtoadjustourperceptionofwhatweinitiallyheard.Todothis,theyconductedaseriesofexperimentsinwhichthesubjectslistenedtoisolatedsyllablesandsimilarlysoundingwords.Theirresultsproducedthreeprimaryfindings:Thebrain’sprimaryauditorycortex(聽覺皮層)issensitivetohowambiguousaspeechsoundisatjust50millisecondsafterthesound’sappearance.Thebrain“replays”previousspeechsoundswhileinterpretingthefollowingones,suggestingre-evaluationastherestofthewordunfolds.Thebrainmakescommitmentstoits“bestguess”ofhowtointerpretthesignalafterabouthalfasecondWhatdoestheunderlinedpart“thesignal”inthelastparagraphreferto?A．Thepreviousspeechsound. B．Thesimilarlysoundingword.C．Theunclearlysoundingword. D．Thefollowingspeechsound.【答案】C【解析】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線詞上文“Theirresultsproducedthreeprimaryfindings:Thebrain’sprimaryauditorycortex(聽覺皮層)issensitivetohowambiguousaspeechsoundisatjust50millisecondsafterthesound’sappearance.Thebrain“replays”previousspeechsoundswhileinterpretingthefollowingones,suggestingre-evaluationastherestofthewordunfolds.”可知，他們的研究結(jié)果產(chǎn)生了三個(gè)主要發(fā)現(xiàn)：大腦的初級聽覺皮層在聲音出現(xiàn)50毫秒后就對語音的模糊程度很敏感。大腦在解釋接下來的聲音時(shí)“重播”之前的聲音，暗示隨著單詞的展開重新評估。大腦會在半秒后做出“最佳猜測”來解釋發(fā)音不清楚的單詞。故劃線詞意思“發(fā)音不清楚的單詞”。故選C。3.【河北省保定市重點(diǎn)高中2023-2024學(xué)年高三試題】Ifyouareofthe“noregrets”schooloflife,youmaythinkthatallthisregretisarecipeforunhappiness.Butthatisn’tthecase.Lettingyourselfbeoverwhelmedbyregretisindeedbadforyou.Butgoingtotheotherextrememaybeevenworse.Toextinguishyourregretsdoesn’tfreeyoufromshameorsorrowbutcausesyoutomakethesamemistakesagainandagain.TotrulygetoverourguiltrequiresthatweputregretinitsproperplaceWhatdoestheunderlinedword“extinguish”inparagraph2mean?Admit. B．Destroy. C．Treasure. D．Encounter.【答案】B【解析】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)上文“Lettingyourselfbeoverwhelmedbyregretisindeedbadforyou.Butgoingtotheotherextrememaybeevenworse.(讓自己被遺憾淹沒確實(shí)對你不好。但走向另一個(gè)極端可能更糟。)”可知，另一個(gè)極端就是消除遺憾，由此可推知，劃線詞所在的句子意思為：消除你的遺憾并不能讓你從羞恥和悲傷中解脫出來，只會讓你一次又一次地犯同樣的錯(cuò)誤。extinguish意為“消除，消滅”。故選B。4.【安徽省合肥市第一中學(xué)2023-2024學(xué)年高三質(zhì)檢試題】Ifthetestisalreadyset,thebestwaytoprepareforitiswithabatteryofactivitiesthatmostcloselylooklikethetestitself.AndsoastheBigStandardizedTestshavespread,publishershavecrankedoutvarietiesofcoachingworkbooksthatareallcollectionsofshortexcerptsaccompaniedbyasetofmultiplechoicequestions.Insteadofteachingstudentshowtoreadawholebook,weteachthemhowtotakeastandardizedtestWhichofthefollowingcanreplacethephrase“crankedout”inparagraph4?charged B．canceled C．changed D．Produced【答案】D【解析】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第四段的“Ifthetestisalreadyset,thebestwaytoprepareforitiswithabatteryofactivitiesthatmostcloselylooklikethetestitself.AndsoastheBigStandardizedTestshavespread(如果考試已經(jīng)定下來了，最好的準(zhǔn)備方法就是安排一系列最接近考試本身的活動。因此，隨著大型標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化考試的普及)”可知，出版商為了滿足學(xué)生的考試需求，會推出各種各樣的指導(dǎo)練習(xí)冊，即學(xué)生有需求，書商就會大量出版，因此crankedout與produced同義。故選D。5.【湖北省部分學(xué)校2023-2024學(xué)年高三起點(diǎn)試題】Usingfirst-of-their-kindobservationsfromtheJamesWebbSpaceTelescope.aUniversityofMinnesotaTwinCities-ledteamlookedmorethan13billionyearsintothepasttodiscoveraunique,minusculegalaxycluster(星系團(tuán))thatgeneratednewstarsatanextremelyhighrateforitssize.Thegalaxyisoneofthesmallesteverdiscoveredatthisdistance—around500millionyearsaftertheBigBang—andcouldhelpastronomerslearnmoreaboutgalaxiesthatwerepresentshortlyaftertheuniversecameintoexistenceWhatdoestheunderlinedword“minuscule”inparagraphlmean?A．Extremelysmall. B．Remarkablydark.C．Especiallyremote. D．Quitecomplicated.【答案】A【解析】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)首段中的“Thegalaxyisoneofthesmallesteverdiscoveredatthisdistance—around500millionyearsaftertheBigBang—andcouldhelpastronomerslearnmoreaboutgalaxiesthatwerepresentshortlyaftertheuniversecameintoexistence.(這個(gè)星系是在宇宙大爆炸后大約5億年發(fā)現(xiàn)的最小星系之一，可以幫助天文學(xué)家更多地了解宇宙形成后不久出現(xiàn)的星系。)”可知，本句是對該句前的galaxycluster(星系團(tuán))進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步的解釋，由此可知，劃線單詞是對新發(fā)現(xiàn)的galaxycluster進(jìn)行修飾，由此可以推斷，劃線單詞的意思與“Extremelysmall(極小的)”意義有關(guān)。故選A項(xiàng)。（2023上·遼寧沈陽·高三校聯(lián)考期中）AnewstudyreleasedinthejournalPlantandCellPhysiologysuggeststhatethanol(乙醇)—oralcohol-canhelpplantssurviveintimesofdrought,evenforaslongastwoweekswithoutwater.Tocomeupwiththeirfinding,theresearchersgrewwheatandriceplants,regularlywateringthem,andthenaddedethanoltothesoilinonegroupofplantsoverthreedays.Theythenkeptbothgroupsdeprivedof(中斷)waterfortwoweeksandfoundthatdrunkplantsgrewbetterthanuntreatedones.Around75%ofthedrunkwheatandriceplantssurvivedafterrewatering,whilelessthan5%oftheuntreatedplantsdid.Thestudyalsolookedathowethanolprotectedaplant.Usingarabidopsis,asmallplantcommonlyusedinexperiments,theresearchersdiscoveredthatwhenethanol-treatedspecimens(樣品)weredeprivedofwater,tinyopeningsontheleaves’surfacecloseduptopreservewaterandheat.Theteamstudiedarabidopsis’geneexpressionandfoundthattheethanol-treatedplantsstartedbehavingiftheywereexperiencingdrought,evenbeforetheywereactuallydeprivedofwater.Thisgeneexpressiongavetheplantsanadvantageinpreparingforadrought.Theresearcherssaid,“Thefindingisnotjustusefulfortheworld’sgardens,butalsoforfarmsgrowingvitalcropslikericeandwheat.Drought-resistantcropscouldhelpachievesustainablefoodsecurity,whichisanissueaffectingmanypartsoftheworldrightnow.”Theyaddedthatethanolwasausefulandsimplewaytoincreasefoodproductionallovertheworldintimesofdrought.“Theapplicationofethanoltoplantswouldbeapotentagriculturalmethodtoenhancedroughtresistanceindifferentplants,”saidMotoakiSeki,thestudy’sleadauthor.But,hewarnedthattheethanolneededtobeusedreasonablyashigherconcentrationofethanolpreventedplantsgrowing.Sekiadded,“Wewillsoonbegintestingethanolonplantsinrealfields.”40．W