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職稱英語知識點講解大全
一、職稱英語報考指南1
二、職稱英語考試技巧7
三、閱讀練習(xí)123
一、職稱英語報考指南
?報名時間
每年11月中下旬(雙休日除外),逾期不再補報。
?考試時間
全國專業(yè)技術(shù)人員職稱英語等級考試一般為每年4月的
第二個星期日舉行
?考試級別/適用范圍
以下是全國職稱外語等級考試級別劃分及適用范圍,請
大家根據(jù)自己的職稱英語要求選擇報考。
考試等級申報職稱職稱系列A級B級C級
高校教師教授、副教授講師
自然科學(xué)研究與社會科學(xué)研究研究員、副研究員助理研
究員社會科學(xué)研究(研究員、副研究員第二外語)
1
衛(wèi)生技術(shù)(醫(yī)、藥、護(hù)、技)主任醫(yī)(藥、護(hù)、技)師副
主任醫(yī)(藥、護(hù)、技)師⑴主治(管)醫(yī)(藥、護(hù)、技)師⑵在縣及
縣以下所屬單位工作的人員申報正、副主任醫(yī)(藥、護(hù)、技)
師,在縣及縣以下所屬單位工作的人員申報主治(管)醫(yī)(藥、
護(hù)、技)師。
工程技術(shù)高級工程師(含教授級高級工程師)⑴工程師
⑵在縣及縣以下所屬單位工作的人員申報高級工程師(含教
授級高級工程師)⑵在縣及縣以下所屬單位工作的人員申報
工程師。
農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)推廣研究員高級農(nóng)藝師農(nóng)藝師
實驗技術(shù)高級實驗師實驗師
中學(xué)教師中學(xué)高級教師
中等專業(yè)學(xué)校教師高級講師講師
技工學(xué)校教師高級講師(高級實習(xí)指導(dǎo)教師)講師
2
經(jīng)濟(jì)專業(yè)高級國際商務(wù)師高級經(jīng)濟(jì)師國際商務(wù)師經(jīng)濟(jì)
師助理國際商務(wù)師
會計專業(yè)高級會計師會計師
統(tǒng)計專業(yè)高級統(tǒng)計師統(tǒng)計師
審計專業(yè)高級審計師審計師
體育教練員國家級教練高級教練一級教練
工藝美術(shù)專業(yè)高級工藝美術(shù)師工藝美術(shù)師
翻譯專業(yè)譯審、副譯審(第二外語)翻譯(第二外語)
播音專業(yè)播音指導(dǎo)主任播音員一級播音員
新聞專業(yè)高級記者(高級編輯)主任記者(主任編輯)記者
(編輯)
藝術(shù)(廣播電視藝術(shù))藝術(shù)一級藝術(shù)二級、主任舞臺技
師藝術(shù)三級、舞臺技師
出版專業(yè)編審副編審編輯(一級校對)
3
文博專業(yè)、圖書資料專業(yè)、檔案專業(yè)研究館員副研究館
口口
貝伯貝
公證員一級公證員二級公證員三級公證員
律師一級律師二級律師三級律師
?報考類別的選擇
綜合類,理工類,衛(wèi)生類考試原則上沒有嚴(yán)格的界限。
綜合類文章可以考到理工類去,理工類可以考到衛(wèi)生類和綜
合類。三類考試之間沒有嚴(yán)格界限區(qū)分。國家在每位考生評
定職稱的時候,到底要求是理工類成績,衛(wèi)生類成績,基本
上國家還沒有明確規(guī)定。假如你評定主任醫(yī)師,衛(wèi)生類職稱,
你可以考綜合類,也可以考衛(wèi)生類。嚴(yán)格意義上沒有很嚴(yán)格
的要求。到底決定報綜合類,理工類,還是衛(wèi)生類,有兩個
依據(jù)。首先問一下自己單位的人,要評定職稱要報什么類比
較合適。如果單位沒有明確要求和規(guī)定的話,可以根據(jù)自己
4
的現(xiàn)實情況選擇,如果工作中接觸的文章都是理工類的文
章,那就報理工類。假如接觸的文章是社會類文章,那就報
綜合類。
?免考規(guī)定
取得外語(從事翻譯工作人員及外語教師第二外語)專業(yè)
專科及以上學(xué)歷的人員申報中、高級職稱評審;獲得博士學(xué)位
申報高級(含正高級)職稱評審;獲得碩士學(xué)位申報中級職稱評
審;留學(xué)回國人員首次參加職稱評審;申報副高級職稱評審時
已取得職稱外語合格證書(含1977年底前參加工作人員外語
成績達(dá)到45分)的人員申報正高級職稱評審;參加《全國工商
企業(yè)出國培訓(xùn)備選人員外語考試》,通過中(I)級者申報中級
職稱評審,通過高(A)級者申報高級職稱評審等五類考生可
免職稱外語等級考試。
5
凡參加國家人事部和北京市人事局組織的各類專業(yè)技
術(shù)資格考試和職(執(zhí))業(yè)資格考試取得資格證書的人員,聘用
單位可根據(jù)崗位需要自主決定對應(yīng)聘人員的外語水平要
求。凡實行考評結(jié)合的系列(專業(yè))及體育教練員、工藝美術(shù)、
廣播電視藝術(shù)、技校高級實習(xí)指導(dǎo)教師系列(專業(yè)),外語考
試成績可不作為申報條件,其合格成績或當(dāng)年考試成績作
為職稱評審的要素之一。
?注意事項
為了保證報考信息的準(zhǔn)確采集和處理,報考人員在報名
和考試時要注意以下事項:
1、根據(jù)各省市人事廳(局)考試中心發(fā)布的報名程序和要
求,到指定的報名點領(lǐng)取報名表。如果規(guī)定實行光電閱讀器
-計算機自動采集報名信息,還要領(lǐng)取報名信息卡和《報考
6
手冊》。由單位集體組織報名的,應(yīng)按本人所在單位規(guī)定的
具體程序報考。
2、如實、準(zhǔn)確、工整地填寫報名表中的各有關(guān)項目,
并由所在單位加蓋公章。使用報名信息卡的,除按要求填寫
報名表外,還應(yīng)嚴(yán)格按照《報考手冊》中規(guī)定的填涂工具和
填涂要求,認(rèn)真、準(zhǔn)確添涂好報名信息卡。報名表和報名信
息卡填好后,應(yīng)認(rèn)真檢查,確保報名的填寫和報名信息卡的
填涂準(zhǔn)確無誤。
3、攜帶報名表、報名信息卡、照片、身份證和其它所需證
件到報名點辦理報名手續(xù),報名點發(fā)給每一報考人員一個報
名序號,該報名序號應(yīng)保存好,以備后用。
二、職稱英語考試技巧
給大家說說關(guān)心的“字典”問題:
7
針對職稱英語考試中的第一部分詞匯題,我建議大家?guī)?/p>
一本同義詞詞典(雙解詞典),這類詞典的特點是用幾個同
義詞注解某一英文單詞,大家可以非常方便地在注解中找到
答案。
有了字典,又該如何查呢?我經(jīng)常聽到有學(xué)員在答疑室
中說:某某單詞在字典里查不到,其實不是字典里沒有,而
是他們不會查,最常見到的情況有兩種:
第一種:分不清單詞詞性;如:
1.Beforeleavingthehouse,sheclosedthewindows.
2.Sheisclosetosuccess.
兩句話里都有close,但是詞性不同,第一句話里的是動詞,
因為有形式上的變化(-ed);而第二句話里的close跟在is
的后面,而且形式上沒有變化,因此判斷為形容詞。當(dāng)尋找
8
他們的同義詞時,應(yīng)針對不同的詞性加以判斷。這一點對于
大家來說非常重要!
第二中:分不清劃線單詞是原形,現(xiàn)在分詞或過去?式:
如:Hersisterurgedhertoapplyforthejob.(P602)
advisedB.causedC.forcedD.promised
如果去字典里查urged,當(dāng)然是查不到的。
Ticketsarelimitedandwillbeallocatedtothosewhoapply
first.(P461)
postedB.SentC.handedD.Given
接下來,我們一起練幾題,大家可以八仙過海各顯神通,看
誰做得又快又好!
1.Practicallyallanimalscommunicatethroughsounds.
A.ClearlyB.AlmostC.AbsolutelyD.Basically
9
2.Thestorywasverytouching.
A.InspiringB.BoringC.MovingD.absorbing
Youshouldhaveblendedthebutterwiththesugar
thoroughly.
A.SpreadB.MixedC.BeatenD.covered
4.Iwon/ttoleratethatkindofbehaviour.
A.bearB.acceptC.admitD.take
5.Theindexisthegovernment'schiefgauieoffuture
economicactivity.
A.methodB.measureC.wayD.manner
閱讀理解常用提問方式
1.有關(guān)主旨題的提問方式:
1)Themain(主要的)idea(思想,主意)ofthispassage(文
二i二、?
早)IS...
10
2)Whichofthefollowing(下列的)statements(句子)best
expresses
(表達(dá))themainideaofthepassage?
3)Thepassagemainlydiscusses(討論)...
4)Thispassagemainlydealswith(涉及)...
5)Theauthor'spurpose(意圖)inwritingthispassageis...
6)Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?
2.有關(guān)細(xì)節(jié)題的提問方式:
1)Somepeopledosth.because?
2)Accordingtothepassage,wecanknowthat.
3)What...?Which...?Who(Whom)...?When(Whattime)...
11
4)Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueexcept...?
Whichofthefollowingstatementsisnotmentioned?
Whichofthefollowingismentioned?
WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTTRUE?
3.有關(guān)詞語釋義題的提問方式:
1)Theword"...”inline(行)...refersto(指)...
2)Inparagraph4/it"referto(means)
4.有關(guān)推理判斷題的提問方式:
1)Itcanbeinferred(推斷)fromthepassagethat
2)Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferred?
3)Itcanbeconcluded(結(jié)論)fromthepassagethat
12
5.有關(guān)作者觀點意圖題的提問方式:
1)Theauthor'smain(主要的)purpose(目的)inthispassage
is
2)Theauthor'spurposeofwritingthispassageis
3)Inthispassagetheauthor'sattitude(看法)couldbest..
4)Theauthor'smainthought(思想)isthat...
眾所周知,閱讀理解題的成敗關(guān)乎到考試能否及格,所
以一定要掌握好的解題方法,在大家詞匯量都不是很多的情
況下,方法就顯得極其重要!
閱讀理解例題:
例一:
LightNight,DarkStars
13
1.Thousandsofpeoplearoundtheglobestepoutsideto
gazeattheirnightsky.Onaclearnight,withnoclouds,
moonlight,orartificiallightstoblocktheview,peoplecansee
morethan14,000starsinthesky,saysDennisWard,an
astronomerwiththeUniversityCorporationforAtmospheric
Research(UCAR)inBoulder,Colo.Butwhenpeopleare
surroundedbycitylights,hesays,they'reluckytosee150
stars.
2.Ifyou'veeverdriventowardabigcityatnightandseenits
glowfromagreatdistance,you'vewitnessedlightpollution.It
occurswhenlightfromstreetlights,officebuildings,signs,and
othersourcesstreamsintospaceandilluminatesthenight
sky.Thishazeoflightmakesmanystarsinvisibletopeople
14
onEarth.Evenatnight,bigcitieslikeNewYorkglowfromlight
pollution,makingstargazingdifficulto
3.Dustandparticlesofpollutionfromfactoriesand
industriesworsentheeffectsotlightpollution."Ifonecityhas
alotmorelightpollutionthananother,“Wardsays,“thatcity
willsuffertheeffectsoflightpollutiononamuchgreater
scale."
4.Hazyskiesalsomakeitfarmoredifficultforastronomers
todotheirjobs.
5.Citiesaregettinglarger.Suburbsaregrowinginonce
dark,ruralareas.Lightfromallthisnewdevelopmentis
increasinglyobscuringtilefaintlightgivenoffbydistant
stars.Andifscientistscan'tlocatetheseobjects,theycan't
learnmoreaboutthem.
15
6.Lightpollutiondoesn'tonlyaffectstarvisibility.Itcan
harmwildlifetoo.It'sclearthatartificiallightcallattract
animals,makingthemgooffcourse”.There'sincreasing
evidence.Forexample,thatmigratingbirdsusesunsetsand
sunrisestohelpfindtheirwayzsaysSydneyGauthreausJr.,a
scientistatClemsonUniversityinSouthCarolina."Whenlight
occursatnight/hesays,“ithasaverydisruptive
influence."Sometimesbirdsflyintolightedtowers,highrises,
andcablesfromradioandtelevisiontowers.Expertsestimate
thatmillionsofbirdsdiethiswayeveryyear.
1.Whencanpeoplesee14000stars?
AWhentheyhaveafairlygoodtelescope.
BWhentheyareinalargecity.
16
CWhenthenightskyisclearofclouds,moonlightandartificial
lights.
DWhenthenightskyiswithouthazeandfog.
2.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTrelatedtolight
pollution?
AAhazeoflightformedfromartificiallightssuchasstreetlights
andbuildinglights.
BLightsfromdifferentsourcesinthecitystreamintospaceand
illuminatethenightsky.
CThenightskyisilluminatedbythelightsfrombigglowing
citiesinthenight.
DStargazingbecomesdifficultbecausethereisalayerofhaze
intheair.
17
3.Doesthewriterthinkgrowingcitiesaffect
astronomers?work?Whydoeshethinkso?
AYes.Becausetheoncedarkruralareasarepollutedbylights.
BNo.Becausetheycanstillseestarsinruralareas.
C.Yes.Becauseruralareasarenotagoodplaceforastronomers
tostudystarso
D.No.Becausefaintlightgivenoffbystarscallstillbeseenona
clearnight
4.Howdoeslightpollutiotlaffectwildlife?Whichofthe
followingisNOTcorrect?
A.Animalsmaygooffcourseduetotheattractionofartificial
lights.
B.Animalsmightbeattractedbyartificiallightstogointo
cities.
18
C.Artificiallightsatnightmaymakemigratingbirdslosetheir
way.
DAttractedbyartificiallights,birdsflyintolightedbuildings.
5.Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtothetitle7'Light
Night,DarkStars"?
A.Thenightskyislightcoloredandstarsareblack.
B.Lightsappearatnightandstarsareseeninthedark.
C.Citieslightsillunfinatethenightskyandmakestarsinvisible.
DCitylightsatnightilluminatestarsinthesky.
先理解標(biāo)題,推測文章內(nèi)容:LightNight,DarkStars0
沒有生詞,明亮的夜晚,昏暗的星空。只是看題目,還不易
推測出文章的主要內(nèi)容,因此,要快速瀏覽全文,看能否找
到出現(xiàn)頻率較高的詞或短語,它們有可能就是文章的核心!
19
大家看到了我用黑線標(biāo)出了出現(xiàn)頻率最多的短語?:light
pollution.所以可以推測文章的內(nèi)容和光污染有關(guān)。
接下來判斷所給5題的題型,我們發(fā)現(xiàn)1至4都是細(xì)節(jié)
題,因此只需要找到關(guān)鍵詞逐一回答即可。而第5題是主旨
題,而且是最后一題,所以要等文章讀完后最后做。
1.Whencanpeoplesee14000stars?
AWhentheyhaveafairlygoodtelescope當(dāng)他們有一個非常不
錯的望遠(yuǎn)鏡.
BWhentheyareinalargecity當(dāng)他們在大城市時.
CWhenthenightskvisclearofclouds,moonlightand
artificial在hts當(dāng)夜空中沒有云、月光和人造燈光時.
DWhenthenightskyiswithouthazeandfog當(dāng)夜空沒有陰霾
和大霧時.
20
分析:關(guān)鍵詞很容易找14000stars,在第一段出現(xiàn)了該詞:
Thousandsofpeople(數(shù)以千計的人)aroundtheglobe(世
界上)stepoutside(走出去)togazeat(凝視)theirnight
sky.Onadear(晴朗的)night,withnoclouds,moonlight,
orartificial(人造的)lightstoblock(遮擋、擋?。﹖heview,
peoplecanseemorethan14,000starsintheskv(答案C),says
DennisWard,anastronomer(天文學(xué)家)withtheUniversity
CorporationforAtmosphericResearch(UCAR)inBoulder,
Colo.Butwhenpeoplearesurrounded(被。。。包圍)bycity
lights,hesays,they'reluckytosee150stars.
補充:請注意短語:beclearofsth:無阻礙、障礙、危險
如:Waituntiltheroadisclearoftrafficbeforecrossing.(等至!)
路上沒車時再過馬路。)
21
2.Whichofthefollowingstatements(敘述)isNOTrelatedto
(同。。。有關(guān))lightpollution?
AAhazeoflightisformedfromartificiallightssuchas
streetlightsandbuildinglights(陰霾的光是由人造光而形成
的,如路燈和建筑物的光).
BLightsfromdifferentsourcesinthecitystreamintospaceand
illuminatethenightsky來自于不同來源的光進(jìn)入太空并照亮
了夜空.
CThenightskyisilluminatedbythelightsfrombigglowing
citiesinthenight夜空由晚上大城市發(fā)出的光照亮.
DStargazing(star+gazing觀望星星)becomesdifficult
becausethereisalayerofhazeintheair由于空氣中有一層
霾,所以觀望星星變得困難.
22
分析:本題的關(guān)鍵詞是lightpollution,而且按照題目的題號應(yīng)
該在文章的前面,所以從第二段找找看:
Ifyou'veeverdriventowardabigcityatnightandseenitsglow
(答案)(見證、目
fromagreatdistanceCLyou'vewitnessed
睹)lightpollution.Itoccurswhenlightfromstreetlights,
officebuildings,signs,andothersourcesstreamsintospace
andilluminatesthenightsky(答案A,B表述).Thishazeoflight
makesmanystarsinvisibletopeopleonEarth.Evenatnight,
bigcitieslikeNewYorkglowfromlightpollution,making
stargazingdifficult(請注意這句話并不是答案D,他們不同,
該句是說:甚至在晚上,許多像紐約這樣的大城市所產(chǎn)生的
燈光使觀望星星變得困難。)所以,D的表述同光污染沒有關(guān)
聯(lián)。
23
3.Doesthewriterthinkgrowingcitiesaffectastronomers/
work?Whydoeshethinkso?
AYes.Becausetheoncedarkruralareasarepollutedbvlights
因為曾經(jīng)黑暗的鄉(xiāng)村地區(qū)被光污染了.
BNo.BecausetheyCallstillseestarsinruralareas.
C.Yes.Becauseruralareasarenotagoodplaceforastronomers
tostudystars因為鄉(xiāng)村地區(qū)不是一個好的研究星星的地方。
D.No.Becausefaintlightgivenoffbystarscallstillbeseenona
clearnight
分析:題目是說:不斷擴大的城市會影響天文學(xué)家的工作
嗎?為什么他會這樣認(rèn)為?
在A答案中我們可以看到線索詞:polluted和lights.所以,
根據(jù)閱讀的規(guī)律,只要和線索詞有關(guān)的答案,多半就是最終
24
答案。如果大家想檢查答案是否正確的話,也可以帶著關(guān)鍵
詞astronomers去找答案:
Hazyskiesalsomakeitfarmoredifficultforastronomerstodo
theiriobs.
通過對句子的分析,排除答案B,D.留下A,C.在接下來的段
落中可以對答案加以判斷:
Citiesaregettinglarger.Suburbs(郊區(qū))aregrowinginonce
dark,ruralareas.Lightfromallthisnewdevelopmentis
((變得模糊)(微弱的)
increasinglyobscuringffi0o,thefaint
lightgivenoffbydistantstars.Andifscientistscan'tlocate(確
定。。。的位置)theseobjects,theycan'tlearnmoreabout
them.
25
總結(jié):做閱讀理解時大家需要牢牢抓住文章的中心或核心
詞,只要被選項中有核心內(nèi)容的出現(xiàn)就可以推測為正確答
案!
4.Howdoeslightpollutionaffectwildlife?Whichofthe
followingisNOTcorrect?
A.Animalsmaygooffcourseduetotheattractionofartificial
lights
由于受到人造光的吸引,動物們可能偏離航向.
B.AnimalsmightbeattractedbvartificiallightstoHOinto
cities.
動物們可能會受到人造光的吸引而進(jìn)入城市
C.Artificiallightsatnightmaymakemigratingbirdslosetheir
way.
夜間的人造光可能會使遷徙的鳥類們迷路
26
DAttractedbyartificiallights,birdsflyintolightedbuildings.
由于受到人造光的吸引,鳥類飛進(jìn)有光的建筑物里。
分析:題目是說:光污染是如何影響野生動物?下列哪個說
法不正確?
關(guān)鍵詞就是wildlife,在最后一段里,可以找到內(nèi)容:
Lightpollutiondoesn'tonlyaffectstarvisibility.Itcanharm
wildlifetoo.It'sclearthatartificiallightcallattractanimals,
makingthemHOoffcourse”(答案A).There'sincreasing
evidence.Forexample,thatmigratingbirdsusesunsetsand
sunrisestohelpfindtheirway,saysSydneyGauthreausJr.,a
scientistatClemsonUniversityinSouthCarolina."Whenlight
occursatnight,“hesays,“ithasaverydisruptive(破壞,性的)
influence(答案C)."Sometimesbirdsflyintolightedtowers
(答案D),highrises,andcablesfromradioandtelevision
27
towers.Expertsestimatethatmillionsofbirdsdiethisway
everyyear.
所以,答案B并未提到。
5.Whichofthefollowingisclosest(最接近的)inmeaning(意
思)tothetitle'lightNight,DarkStars"?
A.Thenightskyislightcoloredandstarsareblack夜空是淺色
的而星星是黑色的.
B.Lightsappearatnightandstarsareseeninthedark
光顯現(xiàn)在夜晚而在黑暗中人們看見星星.
C.Citieslightsillunfinatethenightskvandmakestarsinvisible
城市的燈光照亮了夜空而使得星星已經(jīng)無法看見.
DCitylightsatnightilluminatestarsinthesky.
夜晚的城市的燈光照亮了天空中的星星。
28
分析:本題是唯一的一道主旨題,所以需要縱觀全文。通過
我們對前4題的解答,完全可以判斷出文章的主題就是說:
由于不斷擴大的城市,越來越多的城市燈光,已經(jīng)成為一種
污染,使得天空中的星星黯然失色,所以答案就是C。
例二:
DecliningInterestinDevelopingForeignLanguageSkills
1.Australia'sforeignlanguageskillsaredeclining,voiceof
Americahasreported.Newfiguresshowthatonly13percentof
highschoolgraduatescanspeakaforeignlanguage.Butfour
decadesago,40percenthadforeignlanguageskills.
2.ProfessorEliseTipton,fromtheUniversityofSydney,says
increasinglystudentsdonotfeeltheneedtolearnanother
languagetoboosttheircareer.ShebelievesthatAustralia's
29
economicboom,whichisdrivenbyred-hotdemandforits
minerals,ishelpingmaskseriousdeficienciesinitslanguage
skills.
3.AustraliadoesbusinessverysuccessfullyinEnglishwithmost
ofitstradingpartners.Butastheworld'seconomicpowershifts
toemergingregionssuchasAsia,itslanguagegapcouldsoon
beexposed.Accordingtothenewfigures,lessthan6.5percent
ofhighschoolgraduatesareproficientinanAsianlanguage.
AcademicsworrythatthismeansAustraliawillincreasinglybe
isolatedfromitseconomicallyimportantAsianneighbors.Dilip
Dutta,fromtheeconomicsandbusinessfacultyatSydney
University,sayslanguageskillscanenhancetrading
opportunities.IfAustralianswanttotradewithAsiancountries,
30
itisveryimportantforthemtolearnthelanguagethatwillhelp
themtogetclosertotheculture.
4.ButstudentshavedifferentopinionsaboutAsianlanguage
learningPippaMcCowage,a22-year-oldAustralianstudent,
saysmanyyoungAustralianshaveahalf-heartedapproachto
foreignlanguages,andthelanguagecurriculumisoftenweak.
“Whilewe'reencouragedinhighschooltolearnanother
language,it'snotreallyapparenttomeasarealistic
expectationthatyouwillhavetospeakit,"saidMcCowage.
“Forexample,IlearnedJapaneseinhighschool,whenIwenton
anexchangeinYear10,IfoundthattheJapanesestudentsof
myagehadamuchgreaterproficiencyinEnglishthanIdidin
Japanese.Sointhatsense,italmostdiscouragesyou.
31
5.Atpresent,about70percentofAustralia'smajorexportsgo
toAsiaandtheAustraliangovernmenthasbeenkeenon
developingclosereconomicanddiplomatictieswithAsia.
Academicssaythat,asAsiabecomesoneoftheworld's
economicpowerhouses,Australianeedstoimproveits
languageskillsifitistotakefulladvantageofthebusiness
opportunitiesonitsdoorstep.
1.Howmuchpercentofhighschoolgraduateswereproficient
inforeignlanguagesfortyyearsago?
A.70.B)13.C)40.D)6.5.
2.Whatcanbeinferredfromparagraph2?
A)Australiahasrichdepositsofminerals.
B)Australiaisessentiallyaself-sufficientcountry.
32
C)AustraliahasnointentiontotradewithAsiancountries.
D)Australianstudentsarenotrequiredtolearnaforeign
language.
3.WhatdoesDilipDuttathinklanguageskillscando?
A.Improveyourrelationwithyourpartner.
B.Helpsettleinternationalconflicts.
C.Removebarriersinnegotiations.
D.Increasetradingopportunities.
4.WhyhastheAustraliangovernmentbeenkeenlyinterestedin
strengtheningtieswithAsia?
A)BecauseAsiaiswhereAustraliaislocated.
B)BecauseAsiaiswhereAustralia'smajorexportsgo.
C)BecauseAsiaiswhereAustraliansgoandspendtheir
holidays.
33
C)BecauseAsiaiswhereAustraliacanplayabigrolein
internationalaffairs.
5.Theword"faculty"inparagraph3canbereplacedby
A)college.B)institute.C)university.D)
department.
解題目:Declining衰退的Interest興趣inDeveloping
發(fā)展、開發(fā)ForeignLanguage外語Skills技能,所以串
在一起可以將之理解成:逐漸喪失提高外語技能的興趣。通
過理解題目,我們可以推測一下,在文章中foreignlanguages
和declininginterest應(yīng)是核心詞。
34
接下來,來看5道題的題目,對出題方式加以判斷:1,3,
4都是細(xì)節(jié)題,而2題是推斷題;5題是詞語釋義題。針對
不同出題方式的題目要以不同的方法加以應(yīng)對。
1.Howmuchpercent百分?jǐn)?shù)ofhighschoolgraduates(高中畢
業(yè)生)wereproficient(精通的)inforeignlanguagesforty
yearsago(40年前)?
A)70.B)13.C)40.D)6.5.
分析:這是細(xì)節(jié)題,關(guān)鍵詞:highschoolgraduates,fortyyears
agoo位于第一題的位置,所以答案應(yīng)該來源于第一段:
Australia'sforeignlanguageskillsaredeclining,Voiceof
Americahasreported.Newfigures(數(shù)字)showthatonly
13percentofhighschoolgraduatescanspeakaforeign
language.Butfourdecades(一個decade是10年)ago(40
35
年前),40percenthadforeignlanguageskills(答案的
出處).
2.Whatcanbeinferred(推測出)fromparagraph2?
A)Australiahasrichdepositsofminerals.(澳大利亞有豐
富的礦藏)
B)Australiaisessentiallyaself-sufficientcountry.
C)AustraliahasnointentiontotradewithAsian
countries.
D)Australianstudentsarenotrequiredtolearnaforeign
language.
分析:題目中有infer,所以該題是推斷題。因此,需要讀
第二段,尋找核心內(nèi)容,主要是要找到關(guān)鍵句:
36
ProfessorEliseTipton,fromtheUniversityofSydney,says
increasinglystudentsdonotfeeltheneedtolearnanother
languagetoboosttheircareer.ShebelievesthatAustralia's
(經(jīng)濟(jì)的繁榮)(受到驅(qū)動)
economicboomzwhichisdriven
byred-hot(非常有活力的)demand(要求)foritsminerals
礦物(核心詞),ishelpingmask掩蓋seriousdeficiencies不
足initslanguageskills.
注意:一般發(fā)現(xiàn)A、B、C、D四個選項中,哪個選項出現(xiàn)中
心詞,一般該選項就是正確答案。
3.WhatdoesDilipDuttathinklanguageskillscando?
A.Improveyourrelationwithyourpartner.
B.Helpsettleinternationalconflicts.
C.Removebarriersinnegotiations.
37
D.Increasetradingopportunities.
分析:這是一道標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的細(xì)節(jié)題,中心詞就是:DilipDuttao
帶著它,我們可以在第三段里搜索到相關(guān)的語句:
DilipDutta,fromtheeconomiceandbusinessfacultyatSydney
University,sayslanguageskillscanenhancetrading
opportunities(答案D出處?。?IFAustralianswanttotradewith
Asiancountries,itisveryimportantforthemtolearnthe
languagethatwillhelpthemtogetclosertotheculture.
4.WhyhastheAustraliangovernment(澳大利亞政府)been
keenly(強烈地)interestedinstrengthening(加強)ties(聯(lián)
系)withAsia(亞洲)?
A)BecauseAsiaiswhereAustraliaislocated.
B)BecauseAsiaiswhereAustralia'smajorexportsgo.
38
C)BecauseAsiaiswhereAustraliansgoandspendtheir
holidays.
C)BecauseAsiaiswhereAustraliacanplayabigrolein
internationalaffairs.
分析:從題目的類型來說,一定是細(xì)節(jié)題,找到核心詞:
Australiangovernment,keenlyinterestedin,tieswithAsia。
我們會發(fā)現(xiàn)核心詞沒有出現(xiàn)在第四段中,而在最后一段中擺
現(xiàn)了:
Atpresent,about70percentofAustralia'smajorexports(主要
的出口貨物)gotoAsiaand(該詞相當(dāng)于so,因果關(guān)系連詞)
theAustraliangovernmenthasbeerkeenondevelopingcloser
(親密的)economic(經(jīng)濟(jì)的)anddiplomatic(夕卜交的)
tieswithAsia(答案出處).Academicssaythat,asAsiabecomes
oneoftheworld'seconomicpowerhouses(支柱),Australia
39
needstoimproveitslanguageskillsifitistotakefulladvantage
ofthebusinessopportunitiesonitsdoorstep.
5.Theword"faculty"inparagraph3canbereplacedby
A)college學(xué)院.B)institute學(xué)會、研究所
C)university大學(xué).D)department系.
分析:這是一道詞語釋義題。大家可以查字典,也可以根據(jù)
單詞出現(xiàn)的前后文來判斷:DilipDutta,fromtheeconomics(經(jīng)
濟(jì)學(xué))(貿(mào)易)o
andbusinessfacultyatSydneyUniversity,oo
因為后面有...university,因此自然想到是大學(xué)里的“系”。
例三:
OlderVolcanicEruptions
40
1.Volcanoesweremoredestructiveinancienthistory,not
becausetheywerebigger,butbecausethecarbondioxidethey
releasedwipedoutlifegreaterease.
2.PaulWignailfromtheUniversityofLeedswasinvestigating
thelinkbetweenvolcaniceruptionsandmassextinctions.Not
allvolcaniceruptionskilledofflargenumbersofanimals,butall
themassextinctionsoverthepast300millionyearscoincided
withhugeformationsofvolcanicrock.Tohissurprise,theolder
themassivevolcaniceruptionswere,themoremoredamage
theyseemedtodo.Hecalculatedthe“killingefficiency"for
thesevolcanoesbycomparingtheproportionoflifetheykilled
offwiththevolumeoflavathattheyproduced.Hefoundthat
sizeforsize,oldereruptionswereatleast10timesaseffective
atwipingoutlifeastheirmorerecentrivals.
41
3.ThePermianextinction,forexample,whichhappened250
millionyearsago,ismarkedbyfloodsofvolcanicrockinSiberia
thatcoveranarearoughlythesizeofwesternEurope.Those
volcanoesarethoughttohavepumpedoutabout10
gigatonnesofcarbonascarbondioxide.Theglobalwarming
thatfollowedwipedout80percentofallmarinegeneraatthe
time,andittook5millionyearsfortheplanettorecover.Yet60
millionyearsago,therewasanotherhugeamountofvolcanic
activityandglobalwarmingbutnomassextinction.Some
animalsdiddisappearbutthingsreturnedtonormalwithinten
thousandsofyears."Themostrecentoneshardlyhavean
effectatall/Wignailsays.Heignoredtheextinctionwhich
wipedoutthedinosaurs65millionyearsago,becausemany
scientistsbelieveitwasprimarilycausedbytheimpactofan
42
asteroid.Hethinksthatoldervolcanoeshadmorekillingpower
becausemorerecentlifeformswerebetteradaptedtodealing
withincreasedlevelsofCO2.
4.VincentCourtillot,directoroftheparisGeophysicalInstitute
inFrance,saysthatWignalKsideaisprovocative.Buthesaysit
isincrediblyhardtodothesesortsofcalculations.Hepointsout
thatthekillingpowerofvolcaniceruptionsdependsonhow
longtheylasted.Anditisimpossibletotellwhetherthehuge
blastslastedforthousandsormillionsofyears.Healsoadds
thatitisdifficulttoestimatehowmuchlavaprehistoric
volcanoesproduced,andthatlavavolumemaynotnecessarily
correspondtocarbondioxideemissions.
1.Whydidoldervolcaniceruptionsdomoredamagethanmore
recentones?
43
A.Becausetheykilledofflifemoreeasily.
B.Becausetheywerebrighter.
C.Becausetheywerelarger.
D.Becausetheywerehotter.
2.HowdidWignailcalculatethekillingpowerofthoseolder
volcaniceruptions?
A.Byestimatinghowlongtheylasted.
B.Bycountingthedinosaurstheykilled.
C.Bystudyingthechemicalcompositionoflava.
D.Bycomparingtheproportionoflifewipedoutwiththe
volumeoflavaproduced.
3.Whendiddinosaursbecomeextinct?
A)300millionyearsago.
B)250millionyearsago.
44
C)60millionyearsago.
D)65millionyearsago
4.Whatcanbeinferredfromparagraph3concerningdinosaurs?
A)Theywerekilledoffbyanasteroid.
B)Theydiedofdrasticclimatechange.
C)Theywerewipedoffbyavolcaniceruption.
D)Thecauseoftheirextinctionhasremainedacontroversial
issue.
5.Whatisthemainthesisofthearticle?
A)Volcaniceruptionsarenotalwaysdeadly.
B)Oldervolcaniceruptionsweremoredestructive.
C)Carbondioxideemissionsoftengiverisetoglobalwarming.
D)Itisnoteasytocalculatethekillingpowerofavolcanic
eruption.
45
解標(biāo)題:OlderVolcanic(火山的)Eruptions(噴發(fā))
本文講的是遠(yuǎn)古火山噴發(fā),所以oldervolcaniceruptions應(yīng)是
核心詞。
1.Whydidoldervolcaniceruptionsdomoredamagethanmore
recentones?(為什么遠(yuǎn)古火山噴發(fā)比近期噴發(fā)損害更大?)
A.Becausetheykilledofflifemoreeasily.
B.Becausetheywerebrighter.
C.Becausetheywerelarger.
D.Becausetheywerehotter.
分析:細(xì)節(jié)題。第一題,一般在開頭段落尋找答案。
Volcanoesweremoredestructive(更具有破壞性的)inancient
history(在古代的勞歷史中),notbecause(不是因為)they
46
werebigger;butbecause(而是因為)thecarbondioxide(二
氧化碳)theyreleased(他們所釋放的,定語修飾前面的the
carbondioxide)wipedout擦去、抹去life生命greaterease
(更容易).
句子是說:古代的火山更具殺傷力,不是
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