考研英語寫作話題高頻詞匯

考研英語寫作話題高頻詞匯一、應(yīng)用文寫作1.邀請信/答復(fù)信invitationn.邀請invitev.邀請acceptv.接受onbehalfofsb.代表某人，以某人的名義feelhonored/delightedtobeinvitedto...很榮幸/高興受邀參加......accept/declineone’sinvitation接受/拒絕某人的邀請hearfromsb.收到某人的信giveapresentation發(fā)表演說openingceremony開幕式；開學(xué)典禮beorientedtowardssb.面向某人theStudents’Union學(xué)生會(huì)auditoriumn.禮堂，會(huì)堂participatein/takepartin參加，參與participantn.參加者，參與者attendancen.出席attendv.出席unfortunatelyad.遺憾地internationalconference國際會(huì)議deliveralecture發(fā)表演講graduatestudent畢業(yè)生sincerelyhope...真誠希望......Englishspeechcontest英語演講比賽willbeheldin...將在......舉行themen.主題Iwouldappreciateitif...如果......我將不勝感激farewellparty歡送會(huì)receptionn.歡迎會(huì)，招待會(huì)intendto...打算......sparesometime/setasidesometime抽出時(shí)間/留出時(shí)間conferencen.會(huì)議，研討會(huì)associationn.社團(tuán)，協(xié)會(huì)goboating/fishing/swimming/hiking/skiing/skating去劃船/釣魚/游泳/遠(yuǎn)足/滑雪/滑冰honorn.榮幸provideanopportunity提供一個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)locateat...位于......topicn.主題have/payavisit參觀，訪問exhibitionn.展覽expectto...期望......occasionn.時(shí)刻；時(shí)機(jī)；場合startat...開始于......；以......開始followedby...隨后，接著是......performv.演出，表演lookforwardto...期待......Englishcorner英語角giveaspeech做演講activityn.活動(dòng)meetingroom會(huì)議室goonatrip(tourism)旅游begladtohearthat...很高興聽到（得知）......befree空閑，有空takeplace舉行，發(fā)生arriveat...到達(dá)......festivaln.節(jié)日universityn.大學(xué)planto...計(jì)劃......assoonaspossible盡快programn.計(jì)劃，規(guī)劃preparev.準(zhǔn)備beableto...v.能夠，會(huì)muchtomyregret...非常遺憾......film/movien.電影famousa.著名的ticketn.票，入場券disappointv.使失望recentlyad.最近，不久前enjoyv.享受，喜愛beinterestedin...對(duì)......感興趣remindv.提醒，使想起rightnow現(xiàn)在，馬上replyto回復(fù)makesure確保，確信respectedguest尊敬的客人...atyourearliestconvenience在你方便的時(shí)候請盡早......thesummercamp夏令營expertn.專家giveatalk做報(bào)告，做演講vacationn.假期，休假restaurantn.餐館，飯店distinguisheda.卓越的，杰出的feastn.宴會(huì)，盛會(huì)treatv.&n.招待，請客dessertn.甜點(diǎn)forages很久，很長時(shí)間organizev.組織，籌備debatev.&n.辯論confirmv.確定，確信2.咨詢信/求助信inquiryn.詢問inquiresomeinformation詢問一些信息makeanappointment預(yù)約requirementn.要求decideto...決定......informationn.信息befamiliarwith熟悉，熟知testv.測試，考查n.考試，測試researchv.&n.研究；調(diào)查forthepurposeof...為了，目的是......beofvitalimportanceto...對(duì)......至關(guān)重要surveyv.&n.調(diào)查；考察collectideas收集想法opinion/viewpoint/standpoint/perspective/pointofview觀點(diǎn)inadvance提前，預(yù)先provide/offerv.提供detailsabout...關(guān)于......的細(xì)節(jié)，詳情disturbv.打擾，妨礙knowabout...了解，知道......的情況beofgreathelpto...對(duì)......有很大幫助afavorablereply令人欣喜的答復(fù)localn.當(dāng)?shù)厝薬.當(dāng)?shù)氐?，本地的askfor...請求......regardingprep.關(guān)于figureout...解決；想出help/favor/assistance幫助assignmentn.作業(yè)，任務(wù)questionabout...對(duì)......提出問題inreferenceto...關(guān)于......Iwaswonderingif...我想知道......Woulditbepossible...?請問......可以嗎？behonoredandgrateful榮幸和感激cooperationn.合作，協(xié)作understandingn.理解，體諒considerationn.體貼，關(guān)心；考慮，斟酌resolvev.解決；下定決心n.決心feedbackn.反饋意見workon...從事于......；對(duì)......起作用issuesabout...關(guān)于......的問題commentv.評(píng)論，發(fā)表意見n.評(píng)論，意見atyourconvenience在你方便的時(shí)候taskn.工作，任務(wù)projectn.項(xiàng)目，計(jì)劃；課題，研究項(xiàng)目relevanta.有關(guān)的，相關(guān)的lookfor...尋找......sharev.分享；共享dealwith...處理，解決......problemn.問題，難題eagerto...渴望......havenoexperience沒有經(jīng)驗(yàn)preparefor...為......準(zhǔn)備introuble處于困境中havetroublein在......方面有困難instructionn.指示；指導(dǎo)argumenton...就......的爭論getonwellwith...與......相處融洽takethetimeto...花時(shí)間......constructivea.建設(shè)性的，有助益的guidancen.指導(dǎo)，指引farfrom...遠(yuǎn)非；完全不atpresent目前，現(xiàn)在intendto...打算......befacedwith...面臨，面對(duì)......havedifficultyin...在......有困難havenoidea...不知道......concernn.擔(dān)心，憂慮behardto...很難，難以......beworryabout...焦慮......；擔(dān)心......referencebook參考書目lackof...沒有，缺乏......befamiliarwith...熟悉......turnto...求助于......seekfor...尋找......ahelpinghand援助之手overcomev.克服，解決3.建議信/倡議信recommendationn.推薦；提議makeaproposal提議usefulsuggestion有用的建議benefitto...有利于......begoodfor...有益于......advise/suggestv.建議firmlyad.堅(jiān)決地，堅(jiān)定地makeaneffort努力promisev.承諾，保證n.承諾，諾言intime及時(shí)communicatewith...與......交流，溝通considerv.考慮；認(rèn)為assurev.確信，向......保證learnabout...了解，學(xué)習(xí)......environmentalissue環(huán)境問題constanteffort不斷的努力focuson...集中于......acceptthesuggestion接受建議appropriatea.合適的，相稱的rarelyad.罕有，很少furtherv.促進(jìn)，推進(jìn)a.進(jìn)一步的ad.更遠(yuǎn)地，再往前地offerv.提供，給予agoodopportunity一個(gè)很好的機(jī)會(huì)，良機(jī)improvev.提升，改善confidencen.自信，信心putforward...提出......properlyad.正確地；適當(dāng)?shù)豬mportanta.重要的，重大的keepinmind記住dependon...取決于......followv.跟著，跟隨healthn.身體狀況；健康makegooduseof...充分利用......stimulatev.促進(jìn)，激發(fā)learningenvironment學(xué)習(xí)環(huán)境keepupwith...趕上masterv.精通，掌握n.大師，能手availablea.可用的，可獲得的atthemoment此刻expressmyviewson...表達(dá)我對(duì)......的觀點(diǎn)ifIwereyou如果我是你的話takeintoaccount考慮；重視seriouslyad.嚴(yán)肅地，認(rèn)真地agoodidea一個(gè)好主意itisimportantto.........是很重要的practicev.練習(xí)；經(jīng)常做n.實(shí)踐；練習(xí)advisablea.明智的，可取的preferablea.更好的，更合適的conducive/beneficiala.有助的，有益的broadenyourhorizon開闊你的眼界enrichyourexperience豐富你的經(jīng)驗(yàn)attachimportanceto/importanceshouldbeattachedto...重視/應(yīng)該重視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n/consideration經(jīng)考慮后abandon/giveupv.放棄achieveresults取得成果long-rangegoal長期目標(biāo)7.投訴信/抱怨信complainabout...抱怨......dissatisfieda.不滿意的；不高興的disappointmentn.失望，沮喪returnv.歸還，退還haverightto...有權(quán)......inconveniencen.不便，麻煩improvev.提升，改善ignorev.忽視，不理會(huì)destroyv.破壞，毀滅claimv.&n.索取，索要；聲稱thereissomethingwrongwith.........出了問題facilityn.設(shè)施，設(shè)備repairv.修理，修補(bǔ)n.修理，補(bǔ)救sufferagreatloss遭受了巨大損失customern.顧客badlydamaged被嚴(yán)重?fù)p壞carelessa.粗心大意的，疏忽的dueto由于compensationn.賠償金，補(bǔ)償金；補(bǔ)償consequencen.結(jié)果，后果faultn.錯(cuò)誤，過錯(cuò)solve/settlev.解決handle/dealwithv.處理productn.產(chǎn)品poorservice糟糕的服務(wù)angrya.憤怒的，生氣的rudea.粗魯?shù)?，無禮的leadto/resultin/bringabout/giveriseto導(dǎo)致，引起refuseto拒絕interestn.利益lookintothematter調(diào)查這件事It’sagreatpitythat...很遺憾......takesth.seriously認(rèn)真對(duì)待某事beresponsibleto...對(duì)......負(fù)責(zé)withreferenceto...關(guān)于high-priceda.高價(jià)的，昂貴的turnbad變壞farfrom...遠(yuǎn)非；完全不......lackof...缺乏；不足doharmto...傷害......；對(duì)......有害affectv.影響preventfrom...防止，阻止......bepolluted被污染takestepsto...采取措施......examinev.檢查，調(diào)查discontentn.不滿a.不滿的，不愉快的withoutdelay立刻，立即refundv.&n.退款needtobeimproved有待改進(jìn)explanationn.解釋，說明giveattentionto...考慮；注意......takelegalaction起訴，采取法律措施putupwith...忍受；容忍......occurv.（尤指意外地）發(fā)生，出現(xiàn)overlookv.忽視，忽略8.道歉信makeanapology道歉apologizefor...為......道歉unfortunatelyad.不幸地sada.傷心的，難過的depresseda.抑郁的，沮喪的impacton...對(duì)......的影響，沖擊expressv.表達(dá)，表露begv.乞求，懇求forgiveness/pardonn.寬恕，原諒bynomeans...決不frustrationn.沮喪；挫敗uncomfortablea.身體不適的，感到不舒服的allowsb.to...允許某人......errorn.錯(cuò)誤，差錯(cuò)makeamistake犯錯(cuò)takeresponsibility承擔(dān)責(zé)任understandv.諒解，體諒condemn/denouncev.譴責(zé)blamev.責(zé)怪，歸咎于n.責(zé)備，過錯(cuò)fixtheproblem修正問題，解決問題admitv.承認(rèn)askfor...請求......regretv.懊悔，惋惜；感到抱歉listentoone’sexplanation聽某人解釋hurtv.傷害doone’sbest竭盡全力assurev.使確信，向......保證sincerea.衷心的，誠摯的indeedad.確實(shí)，的確；實(shí)際上returnv.歸還，退還tobehonest...說實(shí)話......failtodosth.未能做某事acceptv.接受；同意beunabletodosth.不能做某事havetodosth.不得不做某事mindv.介意，在意anyinconveniencecaused產(chǎn)生的任何不便becauseof/onaccountof/dueto/owingto因?yàn)椋捎赼tthattime在那時(shí)beforcedto...被迫......havenotimefor...沒時(shí)間......absencen.缺席，不在forgetv.忘記losev.丟失；失去；輸?shù)鬰orrectv.改正，糾正unpardonablea.不可原諒的，不可寬恕的beconvincedthat...相信，確信......excusablea.可原諒的，情有可原的valuablea.貴重的，值錢的incelebrationof...為了慶祝......9.通知/告示noticen.通知inform/notifyv.通知，告知haveanyquestions有任何疑問thetimetable時(shí)間表indetail詳細(xì)地deadlinen.最后期限，截止日期emailaddress電子郵箱地址phonenumber電話號(hào)碼announcementn.公告；宣布It’sherebyannouncethat...特此通知......organizev.組織，籌備sponsorn.贊助者，贊助商announcev.宣布，公布bearrangedto...被安排......locationn.地點(diǎn)，位置session/meeting/conferencen.會(huì)議presentv.出席，現(xiàn)身bescheduledto...計(jì)劃，安排......willbeheld將要被召開takepartin/participatein/joinin...參加......getreadyfor...為......做好準(zhǔn)備attentionplease請注意playgroundn.操場，游樂場ontime按時(shí)，準(zhǔn)時(shí)theheadmaster’soffice校長辦公室berequestedto...被要求......boysandgirls孩子們ladiesandgentlemen女士們，先生們teachersandstudents師生comradesandfriends同志們，朋友們somethingimportant重要的事情lecturen.講座，演講attendv.出席，參加belate遲到，晚到AcademicHall學(xué)術(shù)報(bào)告廳discussquestionsconcerning...討論......相關(guān)的問題cancelv.&n.取消，撤銷programn.項(xiàng)目；計(jì)劃，規(guī)劃campusn.校園，校區(qū)subjectn.主題，話題beputoff被推遲get-togethern.聚會(huì)，聯(lián)歡會(huì)punctuallyad.準(zhǔn)時(shí)地，如期地furthernotice另行通知delegaten.代表undetermineda.待定的activeparticipation積極參加leadern.領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者10.紀(jì)要chairmann.主席，負(fù)責(zé)人；總裁atmospheren.氣氛，氛圍heateddiscussion激烈討論finishv.完成lastv.持續(xù)remarkv.談?wù)?，說起n.言論，評(píng)述conveneameeting召開會(huì)議extensiveattention廣泛關(guān)注provokethought引發(fā)思考triggerv.引發(fā)，激發(fā)makeasummary做總結(jié)oratorn.演說家，演講者presideover主持attendeen.出席者，參會(huì)人absenteen.缺席者secretaryn.秘書；書記員recorddown記錄下來importantpoint重要的點(diǎn)，重點(diǎn)mainissue主要問題conclusionn.結(jié)論，推論handin上交，提交arrangementn.安排，籌備briefintroduction簡短介紹profoundmeaning意義深刻tonen.語氣，語調(diào)socialsurvey社會(huì)調(diào)查daten.日期，日子deputyn.代理人，代表ceremonyn.儀式，典禮pointout指出putforward/propose/comeupwith提出statementn.說明，陳述questionv.提出疑問，質(zhì)疑n.問題，議題conferv.授予；商討，交換意見thegrandopening隆重開幕warmapplause熱烈的掌聲exchangeofviews交換意見reachaconsensus/cometoanagreement達(dá)成共識(shí)，達(dá)成一致callon/appealto呼吁signin簽到adjournv.休會(huì)terminatev.結(jié)束，終止socialissue社會(huì)問題begin/start/kickoff開始setintomotion啟動(dòng)propose/initiative/advocacy倡議generalmeeting全體大會(huì)meaningfula.有意義的，意味深長的takemeasures/takesteps采取措施takeadvice征求意見solutionn.解決辦法schemen.計(jì)劃，方案blueprintn.藍(lán)圖，方案cooperatev.合作，協(xié)作jointefforts共同努力in-depthexploration深入探討supportv.&n.支持，擁護(hù)visionn.展望，愿景deliveraspeech發(fā)表演講；發(fā)表講話explainv.解釋，說明allwalksoflife各界人士mutualbenefits互惠互利developmentn.發(fā)展，進(jìn)展objective/target/aimn.目標(biāo)，目的makeclear...解釋清楚，表達(dá)清楚......emphasize/stress/underline/highlightv.強(qiáng)調(diào)thesuccessof.........的成功culturalexchange文化交流strengtheneconomiccooperation加強(qiáng)經(jīng)濟(jì)合作attractinvestment招商引資teamspirit合作精神carryforward發(fā)揚(yáng)，推進(jìn)promote/facilitate/accelerate/boostv.促進(jìn)，推動(dòng)buildaprosperousfuture共創(chuàng)美好未來valuableinspiration寶貴的啟發(fā)beaimedat...旨在......involveda.相關(guān)的，涉及的fulfillv.實(shí)現(xiàn)，履行consolidatev.鞏固，加強(qiáng)challengen.挑戰(zhàn)，難題圖畫&圖表&文字類寫作開頭段1.圖畫類picture/image/drawing/portrayaln.圖畫，繪畫cartoonn.漫畫；動(dòng)畫v.給......畫漫畫depict/describe/portrayv.描述，描繪illustrate/convey/reflect/mirror/reveal/imply/indicate/suggestv.闡明/傳達(dá)/體現(xiàn)/反映/揭示/暗指/暗示/暗示bedesignedtodo/beintendedtodo/beaimedatdoing旨在emphasize/highlight/stress/underscore/underlinev.強(qiáng)調(diào)criticize/condemnv.批評(píng)present/show/displayv.展示，展現(xiàn)acommon/typical/prevailing/currentsocialscene/Phenomenon一個(gè)常見/典型/普遍存在的/流行的社會(huì)場景/現(xiàn)象controversiala.有爭議的vivida.生動(dòng)的thought-provokinga.發(fā)人深省的straightforwarda.直接的exaggerateda.夸張的impressivea.令人印象深刻的conveyprofoundmeanings傳達(dá)深刻的意義meaningful/beloadedwithmeanings意味深長symbolize/standfor/representv.標(biāo)志captionn.說明文字v.給......加文字說明bycontrast/in(stark)contrast(to)與......形成（鮮明的）對(duì)比opposite/contrastingreaction/response/attitudeto相反/截然不同的反應(yīng)/態(tài)度react/respondindistinctlydifferentmanners反應(yīng)態(tài)度截然不同dismiss...asworthless/hopeless認(rèn)為......無用/無希望的focusonthenegativeside關(guān)注消極的一面view...inapositivelight/lookonthebrightside積極看待asilverlining一線光明gain/benefitfrom...從......受益declarev.宣稱stare/gazev.盯著看glarev.怒視murmur/whisperv.小聲說shout/exclaimv.大叫sigh/groan/lament/complain/sayinfrustration嘆息/呻吟/哀嘆/埋怨/沮喪地說cheer/beam/rejoice高興地說replyencouragingly鼓勵(lì)道caution/warn...v.警告，警惕satirizev.諷刺happy/cheerful/contented/joyful/joyous/delighted/merrya.高興的sad/depressed/frustrated/dejected/downcasta.沮喪的withaconfusedlook表情茫然brag/boastv.夸耀laughat/makefunof嘲笑frownn.&v.皺眉，蹙額（不高興）smileagreeably/wearingabroadsmile/one’sfaceisradiantwithsmile滿面春風(fēng)leanon/againstatree靠在樹上leanbackinthechair/restone’sbackagainstachair仰靠在椅背上revelin沉醉于beabsorbedin/belostin/concentrateon/focuson專心于，沉浸于assignments/homeworkn.作業(yè)astrongdesire/eagernesstodo強(qiáng)烈渴望做have/withtheintentionofdoingsth.有做......的打算lazilyad.懶洋洋地wanderv.閑逛chatwith與......聊天inatoneofencouragement帶著激勵(lì)的口吻have/developthehabitofsth./doingsth.有做......的習(xí)慣waituntilthelastminute等到最后一刻onthewayto...在去......的途中stonestep石階thirst/yearning/cravingforknowledge對(duì)知識(shí)的渴求urgev.敦促aflock/crowd/herd/pack/swarm/schoolof一群standataforkontheroad站在岔道口beaddictedto對(duì)......上癮indulgein沉浸于；沉迷于appear/bestrangertoeachother彼此不認(rèn)識(shí)discardv.拋棄，丟棄elementn.成分；因素setanexample樹立榜樣make/putforwarddemands提出要求lifephilosophy生活哲理ironicallyad.諷刺地realize/achieveambitions實(shí)現(xiàn)愿望persistence/perseverance/endurancen.堅(jiān)持devotion/dedication/commitmentto;devoted/dedicated/committedto對(duì)......盡職盡責(zé)；致力于anoteworthy/distinguishingfeature顯著的特征/特有特征2.圖表類linechart/graph折線圖；線形圖表bar/columnchart/graph條形圖piechart餅狀圖curvechart曲線圖tablen.表格data/statistics/figuresn.數(shù)據(jù)numbern.數(shù)量respondentn.受訪者research/survey/investigationn.調(diào)查domesticmarket國內(nèi)市場overseasmarket海外市場brandn.品牌categoryn.種類，類別agegroup年齡層bedividedinto分成......部分percentage/proportion/sharen.比例popularityn.流行度；受歡迎度distributionn.分布o(jì)nthewhole/overall總體上來看specifically/moreexactly具體來看/確切地說accountfor/takeup/makeup/occupy/constitute/comprise占比，構(gòu)成bemadeupof/consistof/becomposedof由......構(gòu)成clearly/obviously/explicitly/apparently/evidently/distinctly/strikinglyad.明顯地rise/goup/increase/ascend/climb/elevate/grow/mount(up)v.上升increase/ascent/elevation/growth/rise/climbn.上升jump/surge/soar/rocket/shootup大幅上升，驟增sharp/dramaticincrease/jump/surge/upsurge大幅上升，驟增decrease/decline/fall/drop/reductionn.下降plunge/slumpn.暴跌，驟降remain/keepunchanged/constant/steady/stable保持不變sharp/sharply,dramatic/dramatically,rapid/rapidly,significant/significantly,steepa./ad.大幅度slight/slightly,slow/slowly,gradual/gradually,gentle/gently,moderate/moderatelya./ad.小幅度fluctuate/riseandfall/upanddown波動(dòng)tremendous/considerablea.極大的continued/consecutive/sustaineda.連續(xù)的accumulativea.累積的mean/averagea.平均的about/around/roughly/approximatelyad.大約incomparison/bycontrast/contrastingly;onthecontrary/contrarily;while/whereas相比之下；相反；而similarlyad.同樣地peakat/reachthepeakat/reachthehighestpointat/reachthesummit+比例最高比例達(dá)......reachthebottomat/reachthelowestpointat+比例最低比例為......respectivelyad.各自duringthesameperiod同期forthepurposeof/withtheaimof/withthehopeof為了see/witness/experiencev.見證/經(jīng)歷change/shiftinpeople’sattitudes態(tài)度上的轉(zhuǎn)變prefertodo/areinclinedtodo/arewillingtodo喜歡做某事/傾向于做某事/愿意做某事factorn.因素influence/affect/bearon影響dominatev.主導(dǎo)occur/happen/appearv.發(fā)生，出現(xiàn)themajorityof大部分人inthemajority/minority屬于大多數(shù)/少數(shù)themoststriking/notablefactor最明顯的因素loseground/fallindecline處于不利的地位，失勢/衰退3.文字類agree/disagreev.同意/不同意pointofview觀點(diǎn)issuen.問題publicconcern令公眾擔(dān)憂的事personallyad.就我個(gè)人來說frankly/tobefrank坦白說towhatextent在何種程度上havemixed/divergentviewson...對(duì)......有不同的看法haveapositive/negativeinfluence/effect/impacton對(duì)......有積極/消極的影響criticismn.批評(píng)arousepeople’sdiscussion/bebroughttopublicfocus/sparkaheateddebate引起評(píng)論/引起公眾關(guān)注/引起熱烈討論think/hold/argue/maintain/assert/claim/contendv.認(rèn)為beinfavorof/sidewith/votefor/support/advocate支持beagainst/objectto/beopposedto反對(duì)justified/sensible/feasible/convincing/persuasive/logicala.合理的potentially/presumablyad.可能地controversial/disputable/contentiousa.有爭議的create/sparkv.產(chǎn)生，引起bringabout/giveriseto/cause帶來，引起thebenefitsoverride/exceed/outweigh/overshadowthedrawbacks優(yōu)點(diǎn)大于缺點(diǎn)cursen.詛咒；禍根blessingn.好事；祝福ablessingindisguise禍中有福中間段（通用）1.環(huán)境保護(hù)類environmentalprotection/conservation環(huán)境保護(hù)arousepeople’senvironmentalawareness喚起人們的環(huán)保意識(shí)environmentalistn.環(huán)境保護(hù)主義者ecologicalcivilization生態(tài)文明preservev.保護(hù)WorldEnvironmentDay(June5)世界環(huán)境日（6月5日）environmentallyfriendly環(huán)境友好型的ecologicalsecurity生態(tài)安全sustainabledevelopment可持續(xù)發(fā)展environmentaldegradation/pollution環(huán)境惡化/污染airpollution/pollutants空氣污染/污染物coal-firedpowerplants火力發(fā)電廠emittoxicchemicalssuchasnitrogenoxideandsulfurdioxideintotheatmosphere向空氣排放氧化氮和二氧化硫等有毒化學(xué)物質(zhì)combustion/burningoffossilfuels化石燃料燃燒vehicleexhaust車輛廢氣petroleumandnaturalgasindustries石油和天然氣工業(yè)deteriorateairquality使空氣質(zhì)量惡化acidrain酸雨depletionoftheozonelayer臭氧層枯竭smogn.霧霾climatechange氣候變化thegreenhouseeffect溫室效應(yīng)globalwarming全球變暖naturalandman-madecauses自然及人為原因beresponsiblefor是......的原因；對(duì)......負(fù)責(zé)contributorn.促成（不良后果的）因素greenhousegases溫室氣體watervapour,carbondioxide,methaneandozone水蒸氣、二氧化碳、甲烷和臭氧carbondioxideemissions二氧化碳排放量risingaveragetemperatures平均氣溫上升meltingoftheglaciersandthepolaricecaps冰川和極地冰蓋的融化sealevelrise海平面上升extremesofweather極端惡劣的天氣hurricanen.颶風(fēng)theElNinophenomenon厄爾尼諾現(xiàn)象naturaldisaster自然災(zāi)害droughtn.干旱delugen.洪水water-bornediseases水源性疾病shiftwildlifepopulationsandhabitats改變野生動(dòng)物數(shù)量和棲息地speciesloss/extinction物種的滅絕foodshortage糧食短缺climaterefugee氣候難民renewableenergysourcessuchashydro,solarandwind水能、太陽能和風(fēng)能等可再生能源cleanenergy清潔能源newenergyvehicle新能源汽車become/gocarbonneutral實(shí)現(xiàn)碳中和low-carboneconomy/life低碳經(jīng)濟(jì)/生活carbonfootprint碳足跡greencommuting綠色出行energyconservationandemissionreduction節(jié)能減排implementstrictvehicleemissionstandards實(shí)行嚴(yán)格的機(jī)動(dòng)車排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)heavy-pollutingvehicles高污染排放車輛greenindustry綠色產(chǎn)業(yè)sharingeconomy共享經(jīng)濟(jì)regulatetheclimate調(diào)節(jié)氣候absorbcarbondioxidefromtheairandreleaseoxygenbackintoit從空氣中吸收二氧化碳并釋放氧氣forestdegradation森林退化deforestationn.采伐森林forestcoverage森林覆蓋率overgrazingn.過度放牧ecosystemn.生態(tài)系統(tǒng)ecologicalbalance/damage生態(tài)平衡/破壞waterandsoilerosion水土流失sand/duststorms沙塵暴desertificationn.沙漠化landsliden.山體滑坡biodiversityn.生物多樣性damagenaturalhabitats破壞自然棲息地poachv.偷獵overfishingn.過度捕撈useup/exhaust/depletev.用光、耗盡profit-orientedbehavior以利益為導(dǎo)向的行為excessiveexploitation/over-exploitationofnaturalresources過度開采自然資源medicaluses醫(yī)療用途endangeredspecies瀕危物種naturalreserve自然保護(hù)區(qū)afforestationn.植樹造林returncultivatedlandtoforestorpastures退耕還林還草fast-growingtrees速生林greenbelt綠化帶plasticban限塑令non-degradableplasticproducts不降解的塑料制品single-usechopsticks一次性筷子detrimentala.有害的disastrousa.災(zāi)難性的devastatinga.毀滅性的worrisomeconsequence堪憂的結(jié)果poseathreatto對(duì)......構(gòu)成威脅disposeof處理discouragev.不鼓勵(lì)substituteproducts替代產(chǎn)品restauranttakeoutservices餐飲打包外賣服務(wù)plasticstraws/wovenbags/tape/tableware/packaging塑料吸管/編織袋/膠帶/餐具/包裝throwaway/disposablea.用后丟棄的；一次性使用的litter/dumpgarbage亂扔/傾倒垃圾curbplasticpollution減少塑料污染biodegradablepackaging可降解包裝domesticwastemanagement生活垃圾管理circulareconomy循環(huán)經(jīng)濟(jì)waste/garbage/trashsorting/classification垃圾分類landfilln.垃圾填埋場wet/dryrefuse濕/干垃圾recyclablewaste可回收垃圾hazardouswaste有害垃圾kitchenwaste廚余垃圾anavalancheofvariousgarbage各種大量垃圾sewagetreatment污水處理no-waste/waste-freecities無廢城市pleasantlivingenvironment怡人的生活環(huán)境attachimportancetosavingresources注重節(jié)約資源soilsalinification土壤鹽化watershortage水資源短缺waterdisposal水處理seawaterdesalination海水淡化2.社會(huì)熱點(diǎn)類generate/triggeraheateddebate/discussion引起激烈的討論attract/drawwideattention引起廣泛關(guān)注sparkcontroversy引起爭議demographicmake-up人口構(gòu)成birthraten.出生率mortalityn.死亡率longlife/longevity長壽lifespan壽命risinglifeexpectancy預(yù)期壽命的增長agingpopulation老齡化人口workingpopulation勞動(dòng)人口agev.變老senorcitizens/theelderly老人reachretirementage到達(dá)退休年齡graduallysuspendtheretirementage/risetheretirementage漸進(jìn)式延遲退休pensionn.養(yǎng)老金retirementbenefits退休待遇increaseddemandforhealthandsocialcare健康和社會(huì)保健服務(wù)的需求增長welfarestate福利國家socialsecuritysystem社會(huì)保障體系nursing/seniorcitizens’homes養(yǎng)老院neighborhoodcommittee居委會(huì)provideatailoredservice提供個(gè)性化服務(wù)psychologicalcounseling心理咨詢materialandspiritualneeds物質(zhì)和精神追求lagbehind滯后empty-nestfamilies空巢家庭empty-nester/empty-nestelderly空巢老人carefor/supporttheelderly贍養(yǎng)老人/老有所養(yǎng)fulfillone’sfilialduty盡孝filialpiety孝順，孝心honorone’sparents孝敬父母respecttheoldandcherishtheyoung尊老愛幼traditionalvirtue傳統(tǒng)美德bedeeplyingrainedin根深蒂固harmonioussociety和諧社會(huì)bringup/raise養(yǎng)育，培養(yǎng)shoulder/take/assumeone’sresponsibility承擔(dān)責(zé)任avoid/shift/escape/shirk/evadeone’sresponsibility逃避責(zé)任desertv.拋棄disregardv.對(duì)......置之不理d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