初升高英語無憂銜接及新課預(yù)習(xí)（全國）銜接點19 閱讀理解（七選五）（解析版）

銜接點19閱讀理解（七選五）（初高考點差異及銜接）初中要求七選五的題型要對所讀文章的主旨要義、具體信息要有所了解，尤其重要的是要掌握作者的寫作意圖、觀點，區(qū)分出論點和論據(jù)，并且能夠把握文章的寫作結(jié)構(gòu)和脈絡(luò)層次高中要求信息還原(七選五)所選文章多為說明文,文章結(jié)構(gòu)通常為“總—分(—總)”,內(nèi)容通常是教人如何學(xué)習(xí)、如何做事、如何生活等,符合中學(xué)生的特點,貼近中學(xué)生的日常生活。【初中閱讀理解（七選五）考點聚焦】七選五的題型不僅要有閱讀速度，要對所讀文章的主旨要義、具體信息要有所了解，尤其重要的是要掌握作者的寫作意圖、觀點，區(qū)分出論點和論據(jù)，并且能夠把握文章的寫作結(jié)構(gòu)和脈絡(luò)層次，才能比較準(zhǔn)確地確定應(yīng)該選擇哪個選項。所以建議從文章結(jié)構(gòu)特點及出題位置、解題步驟、詞匯銜接和邏輯銜接這四個方面下手。一、出題位置及文章結(jié)構(gòu)掌握英語文章常見的幾種文章寫作結(jié)構(gòu)，了解了七選五所考查的要點，出題位置，在閱讀文章時有意識地加強(qiáng)對文章寫作思路和結(jié)構(gòu)組織安排的理解，對解題有幫助。出題位置段首，段中，段尾，缺1句或1個以上的句子。該節(jié)分為兩個部分：主干部分和選項部分。主干部分的原文約300詞，其中有5段空白處，空白處的位置可能在段首、段中、段未，選項部分為七段文字。要求考生依據(jù)自己對文章的理解從選項中選擇5段文字放回到文章中相應(yīng)的5段空白處。二、解題步驟1)快速閱讀全文要點詞句，包括首尾段、首尾句以及獨立成段的句子和文章中帶轉(zhuǎn)折詞的句子等，目的是掌握文章的主要內(nèi)容。2)邊讀邊做題，重點閱讀各個問題附近的句子，圈定線索詞，然后從選項中尋找相關(guān)的特征詞，以確定答案。做題時可以采用代入排除法。如果一題做不出或拿不準(zhǔn)，可先放過，繼續(xù)往下讀，先做容易的能做出的題，直到讀完整篇文章。至此，文章的要點和主旨、各個段落之間的邏輯關(guān)系應(yīng)基本清楚了。3)重新閱讀相關(guān)詞句，重點做剛才沒做出的題或不確定的題，此時可將已選出的答案代入原文，利用排除法。同時檢查核對已選出的答案，看文章從內(nèi)容上是否語義連貫合理，語篇結(jié)構(gòu)上是否通順連貫、具有一致性、合乎邏輯，寫作思路是否清晰明了，格式以及用語是否恰當(dāng)貼切。如果所選的答案可以滿足上述標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，則表明各個問題的答案基本正確。4）比較兩類關(guān)鍵詞：將7個選項的關(guān)鍵詞與5個空的前后句中的關(guān)鍵詞進(jìn)行比較，匹配的是正確答案。具體方法：1．閱讀各個空的前后句，標(biāo)記關(guān)鍵詞在閱讀文章的開始部分、明確文章的基本話題以后，要閱讀五個空自的前后句，并將前后句中的解題線索，即關(guān)鍵詞標(biāo)記下來。關(guān)鍵詞包括句中的核心名詞或名詞詞組（如帶有形容詞的名詞詞組），專有名詞、時間數(shù)字、代詞、連詞等。2．閱讀各個選項，尤其是選項的首句，標(biāo)記關(guān)鍵詞3．比較并匹配上述兩類關(guān)鍵詞，確定答案4．將確定的答案代入原文，看讀起來是否通順。一根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容,從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的正確答案。Whenyouhaveacold,yourfriendscan’tvisityoubecausetheydon’twanttogetacold.Whenyouarepartofafamily,ifoneofyougetsacold,oftenallofyougetit.1.Belowarefourwaystohelpstopacoldspreadingandtofeelbetteragain.

●Washyourhands.Washingyourhandsisthemostimportantwaytostopthespreadofcolds.Coldgerms(病菌)arespreadbytouch.Thegermsgetontoyourhandsandfromthereintoyoureyes,noseandmouth.Washyourhandscarefullyusingsoapandhotwater.2,theywillbemuchlesslikelytogetthecold.

●Coveryournoseandmouth.Thereisasayingthat“coughsandsneezesspreadillness”.3whencoughingandyournoseifsneezing.Thatway,thecoldgermswon’tgetontoyourhandsandspreadtothingsyoutouchsuchasdoorknobs,taphandlesorcupsandplates.

●4.

Coldgermsarespreadveryeasily.Youcanuseadisinfectant(消毒劑)cleanertocleandoorknobs,taps,toilethandles.Besuretouseonlyyourowntowel,toothbrushandcup.●Takecareofyourself.5.Eathealthysimplefoodssuchassouporrice.Getenoughrestandsleep.Stayinbed,readabook.DoyourschoolworkandpracticeyourEnglish!

Rememberthatacommoncoldonlylastsafewdays.Youwillfeelbettersoon.A.SomecoldmedicinescanhelpstopachesandfeverB.ColdgermscanbespreadbycoughingandsneezingC.IfallthemembersofyourfamilywashtheirhandstooD.AlwaysuseapieceofsoftpapertocoveryourmouthE.WhenyouwashyourhandseveryhalfanhourF.CleanyourhouseG.Thereisnogoodmethodoftreatingthecommoncold答案本文為說明文。感冒很容易傳染,目前沒有什么好方法治療感冒,但是我們可以做一些事情來防止傳染和讓自己感覺舒服一些。1.G根據(jù)后面一句說以下是阻止感冒傳播和讓人感覺好一些的方法推斷,此處應(yīng)該在說沒有治療感冒的好方法。故選G。2.C根據(jù)本段標(biāo)題“Washyourhands.”可知,應(yīng)在C、E中選擇。根據(jù)后面“theywillbemuchlesslikelytogetthecold”推測這里是說如果你的家人也洗手,他們感冒的可能性就會小很多。故選C。3.D根據(jù)后面一句“Thatway,thecoldgermswon’t...”可知本句介紹了防止咳嗽和打噴嚏傳播病菌的方法,結(jié)合標(biāo)題“Coveryournoseandmouth.”可知選D。4.F此處應(yīng)選擇本段的標(biāo)題。根據(jù)本段內(nèi)容可知第三個方法是清潔房間?？芍xF。5.A根據(jù)小標(biāo)題“Takecareofyourself.”可知本段介紹的是患感冒后照顧自己的方法。與此相關(guān)的選項只有A。長難句Whenyouhaveacold,yourfriendscan’tvisityoubecausetheydon’twanttogetacold.當(dāng)你感冒時,你的朋友不能來看你,因為他們不想感冒。本句為主從復(fù)合句。句中When引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句,because引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句。重點詞匯spreadv.傳播;coughv.咳嗽;sneezev.打噴嚏詞匯積累likelyadj.可能的;cleanern.清潔劑二根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容,從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Doyouknowthereasonwhywefeeltiredinthemiddleofaclass?Maybeyouwouldsayitisbecausetheteacher’sclassisboring.1Perhapsthisissomethingyouhavenotpaidenoughattentiontoornotyetnoticed.

Purposeofsleep2Sleephelpsourbodyheal(修復(fù)),grow,andstayhealthy.Italsogivesusenergy,sowecanbeactiveallday.Doctorsandhealthscientistssay:Whenyoucloseyoureyesandneedtorest,sleepisjusttheverybest!Thisismorethanadvice.

SleeptimeEnoughsleepisimportanttous.Howmuchsleepdoweneed?New-bornbabiessleepmostofthetime.Theycansleep20—22hoursaday.Childrenneed10—12hoursofsleepaday.Teenagersneed8—10hoursofsleepadaybecausetheyneedlotsofenergytogrowintotheiradult(成人的)bodies.Grown-upsusuallyneed6—8hoursofsleeptokeepactive.3Thatiswhyoldpeoplesleeplessthanyoungpeople.

InterestingfactsAlmosteveryonehastheirdreamswhiletheysleep,butnotallofthemcantelltheirdreamsclearlywhentheywakeup.4Moresurprisingly,somemayevengetupintheirdreamsandwalkaround.Thisiscalled“sleepwalking”.Areyouasleepwalker?Or,isthereasleepwalkeraroundyou?

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It’snotjustpeoplethatlovetosnooze(打盹).Infact,manyanimalshaveunusualorsurprisingsleepinghabits.Someanimals,suchasbearsandhedgehogs,sleepallthroughwinter.Theswiftisaveryfastbirdthatcansleepwhileitflies!Cutekoalassleeparound18hoursaday.Giraffesdon’tneedmuchsleepatall.Theyusuallysleepstandingup.A.SleepyanimalsB.Whydoweneedsleep?C.Somepeopletalkintheirdreams.D.However,therealreasonisprobablythatwedon’thaveenoughsleep.E.Theolderyouget,thelesssleepyouwillneed.F.Somepeopleneverdreamwhiletheysleep.G.Cleveranimals答案本文是說明文。文章介紹了有關(guān)睡眠的一些知識。1.D根據(jù)上句“你或許會說這是因為老師的課程無聊”和下句“這或許是某件你沒有足夠留意或注意到的事”可知,設(shè)空處表示轉(zhuǎn)折。故選D。2.B根據(jù)本段小標(biāo)題Purposeofsleep可知本段是在解釋需要睡覺的原因。故選B。3.E根據(jù)上文可知隨著年齡的增長,睡眠時間在減少。設(shè)空處起承上啟下的作用。故選E。4.C根據(jù)本段小標(biāo)題Interestingfacts和設(shè)空處前后內(nèi)容可知,本段在描述一些人在睡夢中會做的一些有趣的事,故選C。5.A設(shè)空處是本段的小標(biāo)題。本段內(nèi)容描述的是關(guān)于一些動物的睡覺習(xí)慣,故選A。詞匯積累adultadj.成人的;snoozev.打盹三閱讀下面短文,從短文后所給的選項中選出能填入短文空白處的最佳選項,使短文通順連貫,其中有兩項是多余選項。Therearenotmanynationsthatcansaytheirnationaldishhasbecomeinternational.1Botharefamousallovertheworld,andbothhavemadethehistoryofItalianfood.Peoplehavebeeneatingpizza,inoneformoranother,forcenturies.Theyeatiteverywhere—athome,inrestaurants,oronstreetcorners.

2Longago,piecesofflatbread,toppedwithmushroomsandherbs(香草),wereasimpleandtastymeal.Theyweremostlyforthosewhodidn’thaveenoughmoneytobuyplates,orwhowereonthego.Inthe18thcentury,Naples,insouthernItaly,hadbecomeoneofthelargestcitiesinEurope,anditwasgrowingfast.Lotsofcitypeoplewerepoorandtheywerealwaysrushingaroundtolookforwork.3Pizzaswerecuttomeetthecustomers’needs.Theywereinexpensive,usedeasy-to-findingredients(原料),andcouldbemadewithplentyofflavor.

ItwasinAmericathatpizzafounditssecondhome.4Soon,pizzaspreadacrossthecountrywiththerapiddevelopmentofthecity.Itwasincreasinglyconsideredasafast,funfood.PeoplemightlikeNewYork-stylethinpizza,orChicagodeep-dishthickpizza.Somewantextracheeseontheirpizzaswhileothersonlylikevegetables.5

Foralotofpeopleinwesterncountries,whentheycannotdecidewhattoeat,theyorderpizzas.A.Nobodyknowswherepizzacamefrom.B.Thesecretis,almosteveryonelikespizzas.C.Italyhastwosuchdishes,spaghettiandpizza.D.AnumberofpeoplerefusedtoeatpizzasinItaly.E.Theyneededfoodthatwascheapandeasytoeat.F.In1905,thefirstpizzeria,Lombardi’s,wasopenedinNewYorkCity.G.Theword“pizza”camefromtheLatinword“pinsa”meaningflatbread.答案本文是一篇說明文。它介紹了比薩餅的歷史和發(fā)展。比薩餅起源于意大利的那不勒斯(Naples),因為其價廉物美成為意大利人喜愛的食物,之后風(fēng)靡美國和其他西方國家。1.C根據(jù)下文Botharefamousallovertheworld,andbothhavemadethehistoryofItalianfood.可知,此空介紹了兩種食物,與下文的both相呼應(yīng)。故C項(意大利有兩種這樣的食物:意大利面條和比薩餅)符合語境。故選C。2.G第二段是介紹比薩餅的起源,G選項介紹了“pizza”這個詞的起源,且其中的flatbread與空后句中的flatbread相呼應(yīng),故選G。3.E根據(jù)上文Lotsofcitypeoplewerepoorandtheywerealwaysrushingaroundtolookforwork.可知,E項(他們需要便宜且方便吃的食物)符合語境。故選E。4.F這一段是介紹比薩餅在美國的發(fā)展、流行。根據(jù)上文ItwasinAmericathatpizzafounditssecondhome.和下文Soon,pizzaspreadacrossthecountrywiththerapiddevelopmentofthecity.可知,此處應(yīng)填比薩餅最初流傳到美國的情形,故選F。5.B根據(jù)上文Peoplemightlike...vegetables.可知人們喜歡吃各種各樣的比薩餅,但無論是什么樣的比薩餅,秘密是幾乎每個人都愛吃比薩餅。故選B。長難句Therearenotmanynationsthatcansaytheirnationaldishhasbecomeinternational.沒有許多國家可以說他們的國菜(特色食品)是國際性的(全世界流行的)。that引導(dǎo)定語從句,修飾nations.重點詞匯makethehistoryof...造就了……的歷史;withtherapiddevelopmentof...隨著……的快速發(fā)展;beconsideredas...被認(rèn)為是……詞匯積累herbn.香草;inexpensiveadj.不貴的,便宜的;ingredientn.原料;spaghettin.意大利面條【高中閱讀理解（七選五）考點聚焦】考綱解讀信息還原(七選五)所選文章多為說明文,文章結(jié)構(gòu)通常為“總—分(—總)”,內(nèi)容通常是教人如何學(xué)習(xí)、如何做事、如何生活等,符合中學(xué)生的特點,貼近中學(xué)生的日常生活?？键c清單1)試題位置特點:1.段首句。通常是段落主題句,或與后文形成并列、轉(zhuǎn)折、因果等關(guān)系,又或是段落間的過渡句。2.段中句。通常與前后句形成并列、遞進(jìn)、因果、轉(zhuǎn)折等關(guān)系。3.段尾句。通常是結(jié)論、概括性語句,又或者是引出下一段的內(nèi)容。從上表還可以看出試題設(shè)置在段中的數(shù)量較多,段首句和段尾句較少。在做題過程中,段中試題由于有段落內(nèi)上下文的提示,比較容易得到答案。段尾試題往往是段落的總結(jié),難度也不大。通常情況下,段首的試題難度也比較小,因為在英語寫作中,段首句多為段落主旨句,考生可以根據(jù)段落后面的文本快速推測答案。但是當(dāng)段首句是對上下段的過渡時,難度陡增。2)文章結(jié)構(gòu)(a)描述性結(jié)構(gòu)(主要介紹事物、問題或傾向的特點，對人物的描述如傳記，包括人身體特征、家庭背景、成長過程、個性愛好、成就貢獻(xiàn)等內(nèi)容進(jìn)行描述，因此時間、地點往往是出題重點)(b)釋義性結(jié)構(gòu)(解釋某一理論、學(xué)科、事物，主要用例子比喻類比闡述)(c)比較性結(jié)構(gòu)(把兩個人或事物功能、特點、優(yōu)缺點進(jìn)行對比)(d)原因性結(jié)構(gòu)(這種結(jié)構(gòu)主要分析事物的成因，客觀的、主觀的、直接的、間接的)(e)駁斥性結(jié)構(gòu)(這種結(jié)構(gòu)主要是先介紹一種觀點，然后對其評論或駁斥，然后分析其優(yōu)點缺點、危害性、最后闡明自己的觀點)一根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。HowCanIFightLaziness?Lazypeoplewillneveramounttoanythinginlife.However,lazinesscanbedefeatedonceafewchangeshavebeenmadeinyourmind.___1___Manypeoplelacksleepconstantly,sincetheystayuptoolateandgetuptooearlytoprepareforwork.Thesepeoplehavelittlemotivationoncetheyarrivehome.Lazinessworkshandinhandwithalackofmotivationandatendency(趨勢)toputoffthings.Byadjustingyoursleepscheduletoprovideafewmorehoursofmeaningfulrest,youcanfightlazinessthroughouttheday.Anotherwaytofightlazinessistochangeyourmindfrompassivetoactive.___2___Otherstakeamoreactiveapproach,viewingeachtaskasachallengetheymustovercomealone.Lazinesssetsinwhenyounolongerfeelinchargeofyourownlife.Somepeoplefightlazinessbyremovingthetemptations(誘惑)thatsurroundthem.Atelevisioninthelivingroommayprovideentertainment.However,watchingtoomuchTVinyoursparetimeoftencontributestolaziness._____3_____Completeafewtasksandrewardyourselfwithwhatyouenjoy,suchasagooddinnerorafilm.Lazinesscanalsobealastingproblemathome.Couplesandchildrenmayallhavedifferentenergylevels,butlazinesscanbespreadifnotdealtwithimmediately.___4___Bethefirsttocollectandwashdishesafterameal.Othersinthehomemayeventuallyfollowyourexampleandperformtheirowntask.Itisdifficulttopracticelazinesswhenyouaresurroundedbymotivatedpeople.___5___Enoughexerciseandabalanceddietcanenableyoutohavemoreenergyandhelpliftyourspirits.A.Tofightfamilylaziness,setanexample.B.Knowinghowtofightlazinessisimportant.C.Onewaytofightlazinessistogetenoughsleep.D.Finally,developingahealthylifestylecanhelpyoufightlaziness.E.Withstrongdetermination(意志力),youwillbeabletoachieveyourgoal.F.Somepeopletreattheirlivesasiftheywerepushedfromtasktotask.G.Createarewardsystemforyourself,justasparentsdoforachild.【答案】1.C2.F3.G4.A5.D【解析】本文是一篇說明文。作者通過這篇文章主要向我們描述了幾種克服懶惰的方法。1.本段作者講的是有些人為了準(zhǔn)備工作熬夜起床又早，導(dǎo)致下班回家后就沒有動機(jī)和沖勁，通過調(diào)整睡眠多一些休息，可以讓你一整天精神飽滿。由此判斷空格處的內(nèi)容是：克服懶惰的方法之一就是有充足的睡眠。故選C。2.some﹍others，一些人﹍另外一些人，為固定用法。根據(jù)后文Otherstakeamorepositiveapproach，viewingeachtaskasachallengetheymustovercomealone另一些人采取更積極的方法，把每一項任務(wù)看作是他們必須獨自克服的挑戰(zhàn)。選項F.Somepeopletreattheirlivesasiftheywerepushedfromtasktotask.有些人對待他們的生活就好像他們被從一個任務(wù)推到另一個任務(wù)。選項中的some對應(yīng)下文中的others，表示兩類人的對比，符合語境，故選F。3.根據(jù)后文Completeafewtasksandrewardyourselfwithwhatyouenjoy，suchasagooddinnerorafilm可知你需要為自己創(chuàng)造獎勵制度，就像父母為孩子做的一樣（Createarewardsystemforyourself,justasparentsdoforachild），選項G符合題意，故選G。4.前文Couplesandchildrenmayallhavedifferentenergylevels,butlazinesscanbespreadifnotdealtwithimmediately.提到懶惰可能會傳遞給你的家人。后面舉例子來講如何避免將懶惰傳遞給家人：Bethefirsttocollectandwashdishesafterameal.要發(fā)揮榜樣作用，選項A起承上啟下的作用，符合題意，故選A。5.后文Enoughexerciseandabalanceddietcanenableyoutohavemoreenergyandhelpliftyourspirits.中的exerciseandabalanceddiet都屬于健康的生活方式（healthylifestyle），與選項D提到的策略相對應(yīng)，故先D。二閱讀下面短文內(nèi)容,從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Thefootballissuchasimplegametoplayisperhapsthebasisofitspopularity.____1____.Youdon’tneedexpensiveequipment;eventheballdoesn’thavetocostmuchmoney.Allovertheworldyoucanseekidsplayingtotheirheart’scontent____2____;justlikePeledidwhenhewasaboy.Anotherfactorbehindfootball’sglobalpopularityisthecreativityandexcitementonthefield.____3____.Youdon’thavetobeafantorecognizetheskillofprofessionalplayers-____4____canbeamazingtosee-ortofeeltheexcitementofagameendingwithasurprisingtwist.What’smore,____5____.Itbreakdownwallsandbringspeopletogetheronandoffthefield.A.withaballmadeofplasticbagsB.ItisalsoagamethatischeaptoplayC.WhenwasthefirstfootballmatchheldD.ItisfunenoughtoattractmillionsofpeopleE.howtheyusetheirbodiestopass,scoreanddefendF.WhydoesfootballplaysuchanimportantpartintheworldG.footballhasbecomeoneofthebestwaysforpeopletocommunicate【答案】1.B2.A3.D4.E5.G【解析】本文是說明文。文章主要講述足球是全世界很受歡迎的一種運動。1.根據(jù)下文“Youdon’tneedexpensiveequipment;eventheballdoesn’thavetocostmuchmoney.”(你不需要昂貴的設(shè)備;甚至連球也不需要花很多錢。)可知，這里是說踢足球不需要花費很高，是很便宜的游戲。選項B“這也是一個玩起來很便宜的游戲。”和下文意思一致。故選B。2.根據(jù)下文“justlikePeledidwhenhewasaboy.”(就像貝利小時候那樣。)可知，這里是指很多小孩子像巴西足球運動員貝利小時候一樣，用一個塑料袋子做出來的球也可以踢的很歡暢。選項A“用一個塑料袋子做出來的球”和下文意思一致。故選A。3.根據(jù)上文“Anotherfactorbehindfootball’sglobalpopularityisthecreativityandexcitementonthefield.”(足球在全球受歡迎的另一個因素是球場上的創(chuàng)造力和激情。)可知，這里提到足球在全球都很受歡迎。選項D“它足夠有趣可以吸引成千上萬的觀眾。”和上文意思一致。故選D。4.根據(jù)上文“Youdon’thavetobeafantorecognizetheskillofprofessionalplayers”(你不需要成為一個球迷，就能認(rèn)識到職業(yè)球員的技術(shù))可知，接下來要介紹一些職業(yè)球員的技術(shù)。選項E“他們?nèi)绾卫蒙眢w傳球，得分和防守”和上文意思一致。故選E。5.根據(jù)下文“Itbreakdownwallsandbringspeopletogetheronandoffthefield.”(它可以打破障礙，讓人們在球場內(nèi)外團(tuán)結(jié)在一起。)可知，這里是指足球可以讓人們打破障礙，加強(qiáng)交流。選項G“足球已經(jīng)成為人們交流的最好方式之一”和下文意思一致。故選G。三根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Wishtobehumorousbutoftenfindyourjokeneverworks?Somepeopleeventhinkbeingfunnyissomethingpeoplearebornwith,nottobelearned.___1___Tellfunnystories.Sometimes,thefunniestthingyoucandoistotellafunnystory.___2___However,youraudiencewilllikelyfindthatsomethingthatactuallyhappenedwillbealittlemorehumorous.Thinkofafewtruefunnythingsandtellthosestorieswhenitisproper.Maketheendfunny.Whenyoutrytosurpriseyourfriendswithafunnystoryorjoke,putthesurpriseattheend.___3___youmightsay“AnddoyouknowwhatwasinmycarwhenIopenedthedoor,Rebecca?Acat!”Thiswillbefunnierthansaying“And,Rebecca,acatwasinmycarwhenIopenedthedoor!”___4___Checkoutcomedyclubsinyourareaandstudythecomedians.Whatkindofjokesorstoriesworkedwiththeaudienceandwhatdidn’t?Noticewhatthingsmadeyoulaughthemostandtellsimilarstoriesandjokesinyourpersonallife.Youcanalsowatchcomedyshowsonlineifyoucan’tfindalocalclub.Keepajournaltorecordfunnythings.Notonlywillthishelpyourememberfunnystoriestotelllater,itwillalsotrainyoutolookforcomedicmomentsinyourownlife.___5___Everytimeyounoticeandwritedownsomethinghumorous,you’llgetmorepractice.A.Gotoalocalcomedyclub.B.Useyourbodylanguagetobefunny.C.Sharingjokesisgreatatsomepoint,too.D.Itmightbedifficultforyoutomakeotherslaughaloud.E.Overtime,thiswillhelpyouhaveabettersenseofhumor.F.However,thetruthisthatyoucanlearntobeafunnierperson.G.Thiswillmakesuretheydon’tlaughuntilyou’refinishedwithyoursentence.【答案】1.F2.C3.G4.A5.E【解析】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了幽默是可以慢慢培養(yǎng)的，并介紹了一些方法幫助讀者擁有幽默感。1.空前“Somepeopleeventhinkbeingfunnyissomethingpeoplearebornwith,nottobelearned.(有些人甚至認(rèn)為搞笑是與生俱來的，不是后天習(xí)得的)”講述的是有些人認(rèn)為搞笑是天生的；而下文從第二段開始就介紹了一些可以讓自己變得幽默的方式。故空處需和上文存在轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系并引出下文。選項F“However,thetruthisthatyoucanlearntobeafunnierperson.(然而，事實是你可以學(xué)會成為一個更有趣的人)”中的however是對上文的否定，主句內(nèi)容又引出下文如何成為一個更有趣的人。故選F。2.根據(jù)下文“However,youraudiencewilllikelyfindthatsomethingthatactuallyhappenedwillbealittlemorehumorous.Thinkofafewtruefunnythingsandtellthosestorieswhenitisproper.(然而，你的聽眾可能會發(fā)現(xiàn)實際發(fā)生的事情會更幽默一點。想一些真正有趣的事情，在適當(dāng)?shù)臅r候講這些故事)”可知，講笑話的時候也要看看時機(jī)。選項C“Sharingjokesisgreatatsomepoint,too.(在某個時刻分享笑話才好)”與下文內(nèi)容一致。故選C。3.根據(jù)上文“Whenyoutrytosurpriseyourfriendswithafunnystoryorjoke,putthesurpriseattheend.(當(dāng)你想用一個有趣的故事或笑話給你的朋友一個驚喜時，把這個驚喜放在結(jié)尾)”可知，本段指的是要讓結(jié)尾很好笑。選項G“Thiswillmakesuretheydon’tlaughuntilyou’refinishedwithyoursentence.(這可以確保他們在你說完之前不會笑)”內(nèi)容上延續(xù)上文，說明了把有趣的故事或笑話放到結(jié)尾會達(dá)到的效果。故選G。4.空處為段首句，為本段中心句。下文“Checkoutcomedyclubsinyourareaandstudythecomedians.(查看你所在地區(qū)的喜劇俱樂部并研究喜劇演員)”可知，本段建議讀者去當(dāng)?shù)氐南矂【銟凡?。選項A“Gotoalocalcomedyclub.(去當(dāng)?shù)氐南矂【銟凡?”與下文內(nèi)容一致。故選A。5.空前“Keepajournaltorecordfunnythings.(寫日記記錄有趣的事情)”講述了可以通過寫日記的方式記錄有趣的事情。選項E“Overtime,thiswillhelpyouhaveabettersenseofhumor.(隨著時間的推移，這會幫助你擁有更好的幽默感)”內(nèi)容上延續(xù)了上文，說明了寫日記記錄有趣的事情所帶來的好處。故選E。四從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Whenitcomestofeelinggoodwithourselvesandourlives,therearesomanydifferentthingsthatcouldaffectusandourenvironment.However,mostofthemarestillwithinourcontrol.____1____SmileThemusclestosmileinyourfaceactuallysendsignalstothebraintoproduceafeel-goodchemicalthatwillactuallymakeyoufeelbetter.Smilingimprovesyourmood,whetherit’sgenuineornot.Seriously—tryit.TakeCareofYourSkinEveryoneneedstotakecareoftheirskin.____2____However,youdon’thavetobuytoomanyproducts—usewhat’srightforyou.Ifneeded,gotoyourskindoctorforadvice.FindaRelaxingHobby____3____Tryandthinkofsomethingyou’dlovetodothatwillhelpyourelax.Whetherit’sreadingorplayingguitar,choosesomethingyou’llenjoysoyoustickwithitinthelongrun.ExpressAdmirationforOtherPeopleYoufeelbetterwhenyoupraisesomeoneelse.Whenyouarekindtowardspeople,itwillmakeyoufeelbetterasaresult.Infact,positivefeelingorideaworksonotherswhileworkingonyourselfaswell.____4____MakeTimetoTalktoYourLovedOnesAttimes,youmightfindyourselfbeingtoobusytotalktoyourfamilyorfriends.____5____Itwillhelpyoufeelmorerealistic,moreloved,andcalmer.Thatwouldnottaketoomuchtime,butitwillmakeahugedifferenceinyourday.A.Wereallyhavesomanythingstobethankfulfor!B.Thiswillchangethewayyouthinkandseethings.C.Youshouldsetasidesometimetotalktosomeoneyoulove.D.Weallneedtostopworryingorthinkingaboutproblemsattimes.E.Inshort,whenyou’renicetoothers,you’llfeelmuchbetteraboutyourself.F.Wehavedecidedtotalkaboutsomesmallthingstomakeyourselffeelbetter.G.Maintainingyourskineverydaywillensureyoustartandfinishyourdayinthebestwaypossible.【答案】1.F2.G3.D4.E5.C【解析】這是一篇說明文。主要介紹了可以影響我們以及環(huán)境的幾種做法。1.根據(jù)上句“therearesomanydifferentthingsthatcouldaffectusandourenvironment.However,mostofthemarestillwithinourcontrol.(有很多事情會影響我們以及我們的環(huán)境，大部分事情還都在我們的控制之下)”可知下文將列舉可以影響我們以及環(huán)境的幾種做法，該句起到承上啟下的作用。因此F項“Wehavedecidedtotalkaboutsomesmallthingstomakeyourselffeelbetter.(我們已經(jīng)決定談?wù)搸c讓你們感覺較好的事情)”符合語境，故選F。2.根據(jù)上句第三段的小標(biāo)題是“TakeCareofYourSkin(照顧好你的皮膚)，以及第一句“Everyoneneedstotakecareoftheirskin.(每個人都需要呵護(hù)好自己的皮膚)”可知要呵護(hù)自己的皮膚。因此空格處將進(jìn)一步解釋原因。G項“Maintainingyourskineverydaywillensureyoustartandfinishyourdayinthebestwaypossible.(每天保養(yǎng)你的皮膚將確保你以最好的方式開始和結(jié)束你的一天)”符合語境。故選G。3.根據(jù)第四段小標(biāo)題“FindaRelaxingHobby(培養(yǎng)一個令人放松的業(yè)余愛好)以及第二句和第三句列舉了閱讀和彈吉他等可以使你放松的業(yè)余愛好。由此可知空格處將說明培養(yǎng)業(yè)余愛好的目的。因此D項“Weallneedtostopworryingorthinkingaboutproblemsattimes.(我們有時需要停止擔(dān)憂和思考問題)”符合語境。故選D。4.根據(jù)第五段的小標(biāo)題：“ExpressAdmirationforOtherPeople(贊美別人)”可知這一段說明贊美別人的好處?？崭裉幰爬ū径味我猓鹂偨Y(jié)作用。因此E項“Inshort,whenyou’renicetoothers,you’llfeelmuchbetteraboutyourself.(總之，當(dāng)你贊美別人時，自己會感覺更好)”符合語境。故選E。5.根據(jù)上句“Attimes,youmightfindyourselfbeingtoobusytotalktoyourfamilyorfriends.(有時,你可能會發(fā)現(xiàn)自己太忙而不能和家人和朋友交流)”可知由于忙碌缺乏交流。因此空格處應(yīng)該是作者改變這種狀況的建議。因此C項“Youshouldsetasidesometimetotalktosomeoneyoulove.(你應(yīng)該抽出時間和你愛的人交流)”符合語境。故選C。五從短文后的七個選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項Virtual(虛擬)TeamsVirtualteamsareagreatwaytoenableteamworkinsituationswherepeoplearenotsittinginthesameofficeatthesametime.___1___Thisisparticularlysoforbusinessesthatusevirtualteamstobuildglobalpresence,orneedlesscommonskillsorknowledgefrompeoplewhoareunwillingtotravel.Virtualteamsaregovernedbythesamebasicprinciplesastraditionalteams.___2___Itisthewaytheteammemberscommunicate.Theyrelyonspecialcommunicationchannelsenabledbymoderntechnologie,suchasemails,faxes,andteleconferences,andalike.Duetomorelimitedcommunicationchannels,thesuccessofvirtualteamsismuchmoresensitivetothetypeofprojectthegroupworkson,whatpeopleareselected,andhowtheteamismanaged.___3___Onechallengingcaseistheprojectsthatrelyheavilyonintegratedwork.Thatistosaywheneachperson’sworkdependssignificantlyonwhatsomeoneelseisdoingatthesamemoment,likeinasportsteam,thereisanongoingheavyexchangeofinformationinrealtime,andthetaskshavetogothroughastrictorderwithinashorttime.Noteveryonecanperformwellinavirtualteamenvironment.___4___Anotherimportantqualityiscommunicationskills.Theteammembersmustbeabletocommunicateclearlyandpositively.Managersofvirtualteamsneedtopaymuchmoreattentiontohavingcleargoals,performancestandards,andcommunicationrules.Peoplehavevariousassumptionsonwhattoexpectfromeachother.____5____Oneofthebiggestchallengesofvirtualteamsisbuildingtrustbetweentheteammembers.Trustisimportantforunblockingcommunicationbetweenmembersandincreasingmotivationofeachpersonintheteam.Theissueoftrustneedsspecialattentionatanystageofteamexistence.A.Yet,thereisonesignificantdifference.B.Noteverytypeofprojectissuitableforavirtualteam.C.Avirtualteamcanchoosewhateverprojecttheyliketoworkon.D.Themembersmustbeself-motivatedandabletoworkindependently.E.Suchteamsarenowwidelyusedbycompaniesandorganizationstocutbusinesscosts.F.Membersofvirtualteamscommunicatequitewellalthoughtheynevermeetface-to-face.G.Toavoidmisunderstanding,clearrulesthateveryoneunderstandsandagreesonarenecessary.【答案】1.E2.A3.B4.D5.G【解析】本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹了虛擬團(tuán)隊的含義、規(guī)則和作用。1.根據(jù)下文“Thisisparticularlysoforbusinessesthatusevirtualteamstobuildglobalpresence,orneedlesscommonskillsorknowledgefrompeoplewhoareunwillingtotravel.(對于那些使用虛擬團(tuán)隊建立全球影響力，或者不太需要來自不愿旅行的人的常見技能或知識的企業(yè)來說，情況尤其如此)”可知，此句中的this指代上文的virtualteam。E項“Suchteamsarenowwidelyusedbycompaniesandorganizationstocutbusinesscosts.(這樣的團(tuán)隊現(xiàn)在廣泛地被公司和組織使用，用它可以減少商業(yè)成本)”中的suchteam與上文的指代一致，符合文意。故選E項。2.根據(jù)上文“Virtualteamsaregovernedbythesamebasicprinciplesastraditionalteams.(虛擬團(tuán)隊由與傳統(tǒng)團(tuán)隊相同的基本原則來管理)”以及下文“Itisthewaytheteammemberscommunicate.(這就是團(tuán)隊成員的溝通方式)”可知空格處起承上啟下作用。A項“Yet,thereisonesignificantdifference.(但是，有一點明顯的區(qū)別)”符合，講明與傳統(tǒng)團(tuán)隊管理方式的不同之處，故選A項。3.根據(jù)下文“Onechallengingcaseistheprojectsthatrelyheavilyonintegratedwork.(一種挑戰(zhàn)情況是嚴(yán)重依賴于協(xié)調(diào)工作的項目)”可知，這里列舉到虛擬團(tuán)隊遇到的問題。B項“Noteverytypeofprojectissuitableforavirtualteam.(不是所有類型的項目都適合于虛擬團(tuán)隊)”符合，故選B項。4.根據(jù)上文“Noteveryonecanperformwellinavirtualteamenvironment.(不是所有人都能在虛擬團(tuán)隊氛圍中發(fā)揮良好水平)”和下文“Anotherimportantqualityiscommunicationskills.Theteammembersmustbeabletocommunicateclearlyandpositively.(另一個重要的品質(zhì)是溝通技巧。團(tuán)隊成員必須能夠清晰、積極地溝通)”可知，空格處說的是成員應(yīng)具備的能力。D項“Themembersmustbeself-motivatedandabletoworkindependently.(成員必須是自發(fā)的、能夠獨立工作的)”符合題意。故選D項。5.根據(jù)上文“Managersofvirtualteamsneedtopaymuchmoreattentiontohavingcleargoals,performancestandards,andcommunicationrules.Peoplehavevariousassumptionsonwhattoexpectfromeachother.(虛擬團(tuán)隊的管理者需要更加關(guān)注明確的目標(biāo)、績效標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和溝通規(guī)則。關(guān)于對彼此的預(yù)期，人們有各種不同的設(shè)想)”可知，人們有很多的設(shè)想和猜測，因此明確的規(guī)章制度很重要，G項“Toavoidmisunderstanding,clearrulesthateveryoneunderstandsandagreesonarenecessary.(為避免誤解，所有人理解、都贊成的清楚的規(guī)定，是必要的)”符合文意，故選G項。六根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。EmotionalEatingEmotionaleatingiswhenpeopleusefoodasawaytodealwithfeelingsinsteadofsatisfyinghunger.____1____Haveyoueverfinishedawholebagofchipsoutofboredomordownedcookieaftercookiewhilepreparingforabigtest?Butwhendonealot—especiallywithoutrealizingit—emotionaleatingcanaffectweight,health,andoverallwell-being.____2____Oneofthebiggestmythsaboutemotionaleatingisthatit’scausedbynegativefeelings.Yes,peopleoftenturntofoodwhenthey’restressedout,lonely,sad,anxious,orbored.Butemotionaleatingcanbelinkedtopositivefeelingstoo,liketheromanceofsharingdessertonValentine’sDayorthecelebrationofaholidayfeast.Sometimesemotionaleatingistiedtomajorlifeevents,likeadeathoradivorce.____3____Emotionaleatingpatternscanbelearned:Achildwhoisgivencandyafterabigachievementmaygrowupusingcandyasarewardforajobwelldone.____4____It’snoteasyto“unlearn”patternsofemotionaleating.Butitispossible.Anditstartswithanawarenessofwhat’sgoingon.We’reallemotionalcaterstoadegree.Butforsomepeopleemotionaleatingcanbearealproblem,causingseriousweightgainorotherproblems.Thetroublewithemotionaleatingisthatoncethepleasureofeatingisgone,thefeelingsthatcauseitremain.____5____That’swhyithelpstoknowthedifferencebetweenphysicalhungerandemotionalhunger.Nexttimeyoureachforasnack,waitandthinkaboutwhichtypeofhungerisdrivingit.A.Believeitornot,we’veallbeenthere.B.Ifacryingboygetssomecookies,hemaylinkcookieswithcomfort.C.Onestudyfoundthatpeoplewhoeatfoodlikepizzabecomehappyafterwards.D.Andyouoftenmayfeelworseabouteatingtheamountortypeoffoodyoulike.E.Understandingwhatdrivesemotionaleatingcanhelppeopletakestepstochangeit.F.Boysseemtopreferhot,homemadecomfortmeals,whilegirlsgoforchocolateandicecream.G.Moreoften,though,it’sthecountlesslittledailystressesthatcausesomeonetoseekcomfortinfood.【答案】1.A2.E3.G4.B5.D【解析】本文是說明文。文章主要介紹了什么是情緒化進(jìn)食，引起情緒化進(jìn)食的原因和其帶來的后果。1.根據(jù)上文“Emotionaleatingiswhenpeopleusefoodasawaytodealwithfeelingsinsteadofsatisfyinghunger.(情緒化進(jìn)食是指人們用食物來處理情緒，而不是滿足饑餓感)”可知，上文介紹了什么是情緒化進(jìn)食。根據(jù)下文“Haveyoueverfinishedawholeba