初升高英語無憂銜接及新課預(yù)習(xí)（全國）銜接點(diǎn)12 句子成分及基本句型（原卷版）

銜接點(diǎn)12句子成分及基本句型（初高考點(diǎn)差異及銜接）初中要求初中簡單學(xué)習(xí)英語句子的成分包括主語、謂語、賓語、定語、補(bǔ)語、狀語和表語等七類及S+V（主+謂）、S+V+O

（主+謂+賓）、S+V+C

（主+系+表）、S+V+IO+DO

（主+謂+間賓+直賓）、S+V+O+C

（主+謂+賓+賓補(bǔ)）、S+V+O+A

（主+謂+賓+狀）基本句型高中要求高中學(xué)習(xí)的句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主語和謂語；次要成分有表語、賓語、定語、狀語、補(bǔ)足語和同位語。及S+V（主+謂）、S+V+O

（主+謂+賓）、S+V+C

（主+系+表）、S+V+IO+DO

（主+謂+間賓+直賓）、S+V+O+C

（主+謂+賓+賓補(bǔ)）、S+V+O+A

（主+謂+賓+狀）基本句型在各種題型中的應(yīng)用。【初中句子成分及基本句型考點(diǎn)聚焦】一.英語句子的成分一般包括主語、謂語、賓語、定語、補(bǔ)語、狀語和表語等七類。（1）主語：表示句子所要說明或描述的對象。由名詞、代詞、動名詞、動詞不定式充當(dāng)。Heisastudent.他是一名學(xué)生。（代詞he作主語）（2）謂語：說明或描述主語的動作、狀態(tài)或特征。由動詞或動詞短語充當(dāng)。Shelovescats.她喜愛貓。（動詞love作謂語）（3）賓語：指謂語動作所涉及的人或物。一般由名詞或代詞充當(dāng)。WespeakChinese.我們講漢語。（名詞Chinese作賓語）（4）定語：對名詞或代詞進(jìn)行修飾、限定或說明。主要由形容詞、代詞、數(shù)詞等充當(dāng)。Ilikelightmusic.我喜歡輕音樂。（形容詞light作定語）（5）補(bǔ)語：主要用于對賓語的補(bǔ)充和說明。一般由名詞、動詞的非謂語形式、形容詞充當(dāng)。Hewillbuymeagift.他將給我買份禮物。（agift作賓語me的補(bǔ)語）（6）狀語：說明事物發(fā)生的時間、地點(diǎn)、原因、方式或條件等。一般由副詞或狀語從句充當(dāng)。HeiswatchingTVathome.他在家看電視。（athome作狀語指明動作發(fā)生的地點(diǎn)）（7）表語：說明主語身份、特征、屬性和狀態(tài)，位于系動詞后面。由名詞、形容詞等充當(dāng)。Myfatherisawriter.我父親是一名作家。（awriter作表語）二.六種基本句型基本句型例句1S+V（主+謂）Class

begins.

開始上課了。2S+V+O

（主+謂+賓）He

plays

the

piano.

他彈鋼琴。3S+V+C

（主+系+表）We

are

students.

我們是學(xué)生。4S+V+IO+DO

（主+謂+間賓+直賓）She

gave

me

a

pen.

她給了我一支鋼筆。5S+V+O+C

（主+謂+賓+賓補(bǔ)）He

made

the

boy

laugh.

他讓那個男孩笑了。6S+V+O+A

（主+謂+賓+狀）I

am

playing

the

piano

at

home.

我正在家里彈鋼琴。分析下列句子成分1.Ourschoolisnotfarfrommyhome.2.Itisagreatpleasuretotalkwithyou3.Allofusconsideredhimhonest.4.Mygrandfatherboughtmeapairofsportsshoes.5.Hebrokeapieceofglass.6.Hemadeitclearthathewouldleavethecity．---Iloveyoumorethanher，child8.Teesturngreenwhenspringcomes.9.Theypushedthedooropen.10.Grandmatoldmeaninterestingstorylastnight.11.Don'tgetnervous，helpyourselftowhatyoulike．12.Wewillmakeourschoolmorebeautiful.13.Hedidn'tcome．Thatiswhyhedidn'tknow．14.Sheshowedushermanyofherpictures.15.Theoldmanlivesalonelylife.【高中句子成分及基本句型考點(diǎn)聚焦】考綱解讀句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主語和謂語；次要成分有表語、賓語、定語、狀語、補(bǔ)足語和同位語。及S+V（主+謂）、S+V+O

（主+謂+賓）、S+V+C

（主+系+表）、S+V+IO+DO

（主+謂+間賓+直賓）、S+V+O+C

（主+謂+賓+賓補(bǔ)）、S+V+O+A

（主+謂+賓+狀）基本句型在各種題型中的應(yīng)用?？键c(diǎn)清單一、句子成分（一）句子成分的定義：構(gòu)成句子的各個部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主語和謂語；次要成分有表語、賓語、定語、狀語、補(bǔ)足語和同位語。主語：用法：一般位于句首，是謂語講述的對象，表示所說的“是什么”或“是誰”。但在therebe結(jié)構(gòu)、疑問句（當(dāng)主語不疑問詞時）和倒裝句中，主語位于謂語、助動詞或情態(tài)動詞后面。主語可由名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動名詞、名詞化的形容詞和主語從句等表示。例如：Duringthe1990s,Americancountrymusichasbecomemoreandmorepopular.（名詞）WeoftenspeakEnglishinclass.（代詞）One-thirdofthestudentsinthisclassaregirls.（數(shù)詞）Toswimintheriverisagreatpleasure.（不定式）Smokingdoesharmtothehealth.（動名詞）Therichshouldhelpthepoor.（名詞化的形容詞）WhenwearegoingtohaveanEnglishtesthasnotbeendecided.（主語從句）Itisnecessarytomasteraforeignlanguage.（it作形式主語，真正的主語為后面的不定式）謂語：用法：常位于主語之后，說明主語“做什么”，“是什么”或“怎么樣”，總是由動詞或動詞短語充當(dāng)。謂語與主語在人稱和數(shù)上須保持一致。動詞在句中作謂語，一般放在主語之后。謂語的構(gòu)成如下：1、簡單謂語：由一個動詞或動詞短語構(gòu)成。如：Hepracticesrunningeverymorning.2、復(fù)合謂語：（1）由情態(tài)動詞或其他助動詞加動詞原形構(gòu)成。如：Youmaykeepthebookfortwoweeks.Hehascaughtabadcold.（2）由系動詞加表語構(gòu)成。如：Wearestudents.（四）表語：用法：位于系動詞之后，說明主語“是什么”，“怎么樣”。它一般位于系動詞（如be,become,get,look,grow,turn,seem等）之后。表語一般由名詞、代詞、形容詞、分詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動名詞、介詞短語、副詞及表語從句表示。例如：OurteacherofEnglishisanAmerican.（名詞）Isityours?（代詞）Theweatherhasturnedcold.（形容詞）Thespeechisexciting.（分詞）Threetimessevenistwentyone?（數(shù)詞）HisjobistoteachEnglish.（不定式）Hishobby（愛好）isplayingfootball.（動名詞）Themachinemustbeoutoforder.（介詞短語）Timeisup.Theclassisover.（副詞）Thetruthisthathehasneverbeenabroad.（表語從句）（五）賓語：用法：位于及物動詞之后，表示動作的對象、承受者或結(jié)果。由名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動詞-ing形式或相當(dāng)于名詞的詞或短語充當(dāng)。例如：Theywenttoseeanexhibition（展覽）yesterday.（名詞）Theheavyrainpreventedmeformcomingtoschoolontime.（代詞）Howmanydictionariesdoyouhave?Ihavefive.（數(shù)詞）Theyhelpedtheoldwiththeirhouseworkyesterday.（名詞化形容詞）Hepretendednottoseeme.（不定式短語）Ienjoylisteningtopopularmusic.（動名詞短語）Ithink（that）heisfitforhisoffice.（賓語從句）賓語種類：（1）雙賓語（間接賓語+直接賓語），例如：Lendmeyourdictionary,please.（2）復(fù)合賓語（賓語+賓補(bǔ)），例如：Theyelectedhimtheirmonitor.（六）賓語補(bǔ)足語：英語中有些及物動詞，除有一個直接賓語以外，還要有一個賓語補(bǔ)語，才能使句子的意義完整。帶有賓語補(bǔ)足語的一般句型為：某些及物動詞（如make等+賓語+賓補(bǔ)）。賓補(bǔ)可由名詞、形容詞、副詞、不定式、分詞、介詞短語和從句充當(dāng)。例如：HisfathernamedhimDongming.（名詞）Theypaintedtheirboatwhite.（形容詞）Letthefreshairin.（副詞）Youmustn’tforcehimtolendhismoneytoyou.（不定式短語）Wesawherenteringtheroom.（現(xiàn)在分詞）Wefoundeverythinginthelabingoodorder.（介詞短語）Wewillsoonmakeourcitywhatyourcityisnow.（從句）（七）定語：修飾名詞或代詞的詞、短語或從句稱為定語。定語可由以下等成分表示：Guilinisabeautifulcity.（形容詞）Chinaisadevelopingcountry;Americaisadevelopedcountry.（分詞）Therearethirtywomenteachersisourschool.（名詞）HisrapidprogressinEnglishmadeussurprised.（代詞）Ourmonitorisalwaysthefirsttoentertheclassroom.（不定式短語）Theteachingplanfornexttermhasbeenworkedout.（動名詞）HeisreadinganarticleabouthowtolearnEnglish.（介詞短語）（八）狀語：修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或整個句子，說明動作或狀態(tài)特征的句子成分，叫做狀語?？捎梢韵滦问奖硎荆篖ighttravelsmostquickly.（副詞及副詞性詞組）Hehaslivedinthecityfortenyears.（介詞短語）Heisproudtohavepassedthenationalcollegeentranceexamination.（不定式短語）Heisintheroommakingamodelplane.（分詞短語）Waitaminute.（名詞）Onceyoubegin,youmustcontinue.（狀語從句）狀語種類如下：Howaboutmeetingagainatsix?（時間狀語）Lastnightshedidn’tgotothedancepartybecauseoftherain.（原因狀語）Ishallgothereifitdoesn’train.（條件狀語）MrSmithlivesonthethirdfloor.（地點(diǎn)狀語）Sheputtheeggsintothebasketwithgreatcare.（方式狀語）Shecameinwithadictionaryinherhand.（伴隨狀語）Inordertocatchupwiththeothers,Imustworkharder.（目的狀語）Hewassotiredthathefellasleepimmediately.（結(jié)果狀語）Sheworksveryhardthoughsheisold.（讓步狀語）Iamtallerthanheis.（比較狀語）二.簡單句的基本句型重點(diǎn)用法①S+V→主語+謂語（不及物動詞）（+狀語）用法：在此句型中，“主語+不及物動詞”構(gòu)成句子的主體部分。不及物動詞后面不能直接帶賓語。但是有時為了表示動作發(fā)生的頻率、原因、結(jié)果、目的、地點(diǎn)、時間等，可以有狀語來修飾。Classbegins.開始上課。 begin為不及物動詞，后面不能帶賓語Hisfatherhasgoneabroad.他父親出國了。 狀語abroad修飾動詞Jimrunsinthepark.吉姆在公園里跑步。 inthepark作地點(diǎn)狀語Westoppedtohavearest.我們停下來休息。 tohavearest作目的狀語提示：一些動詞既可以作不及物動詞，也可以作及物動詞。Theyareplayingontheplayground.他們在操場上玩。 play為不及物動詞They’replayingfootball.他們在踢足球。 play為及物動詞重點(diǎn)用法②S+V+O→主語+謂語（及物動詞）+賓語用法：在此句型中，謂語動詞是及物動詞，其后必須跟賓語才能使句意表達(dá)完整。句子的賓語可以由名詞、代詞、動名詞、不定式、從句或相當(dāng)于名詞的詞、短語等來充當(dāng)。ShelikesEnglish.她喜歡英語。 名詞作賓語Hestoppedwriting.他停下筆。 動詞-ing形式作賓語Theywanttogo.他們想走。 不定式作賓語Sheknowswhattodonext.她知道下一步做什么?！耙蓡栐~+不定式”作賓語提示：有些不及物動詞后面加上介詞就相當(dāng)于一個及物動詞，后面就可以加賓語了。例如，在句子Youmustlistentome.（你必須聽我的。）中，listen是不及物動詞，但在加上to之后，listento相當(dāng)于一個及物動詞，其后可以跟賓語me。重點(diǎn)用法③S+V+P→主語+系動詞+表語（+狀語）用法：be動詞和become是英語中常見的系動詞，后面必須接表語，才能用來說明主語，表示“……是……”，“……變成……”等意思。表語通常由名詞、副詞、形容詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、介詞短語及不定式等充當(dāng)。Hebecameascientist.他成了一名科學(xué)家。 名詞作表語Mysisterisoutnow.我姐姐現(xiàn)在出去了。 副詞作表語Theyarehonest.他們是誠實(shí)的。 形容詞作表語提示：在英語中，除了be動詞和become屬于系動詞外，還有一些行為動詞，當(dāng)它們表示狀態(tài)存在或表示狀態(tài)變化時也可以作系動詞。這類動詞包括：appear出現(xiàn)come成為 feel摸起來get變得go變得 grow變得keep保持look看起來 seem看起來smell聞起來sound聽起來 taste嘗起來Childrengrowwiserastheygrow.孩子們隨著年齡的增長會變聰明。TheLijiangRiverlooksespeciallybeautifulintheearlymorning.清晨，漓江看起來格外美麗。Dinnersmellsgood.飯菜聞起來很香啊。Hisvoicesoundedstrangeonthephone.他的聲音在電話里聽著挺怪的。Ilikethiskindofcake.Ittastesdeliciousverymuch.我喜歡這種蛋糕，它嘗起來十分美味。重點(diǎn)用法④S+V+IO+DO→主語+謂語（及物動詞）+間接賓語+直接賓語用法：及物動詞作謂語時，后面要跟賓語。賓語分直接賓語和間接賓語，二者合稱雙賓語。直接賓語是及物動詞的直接對象；間接賓語是及物動詞的動作所涉及的人或物，也就是說，間接賓語是指動作是對誰做的，或是為誰做的，所以只能是名詞或賓格代詞擔(dān)當(dāng)間接賓語。IboughtJohnabirthdaypresent.我給約翰買了生日禮物。名詞John是間接賓語，abirthdaypresent是直接賓語Pleasetellmeyourtelephonenumber.請告訴我你的電話號碼。賓格代詞me是間接賓語，yourtelephonenumber是直接賓語提示：間接賓語通常位于直接賓語之前，構(gòu)成句型“主語+謂語（及物動詞）+間接賓語+直接賓語”。在此句型中，間接賓語有時也可以改成一個由to或for引起的短語，放在直接賓語之后，構(gòu)成“主語+謂語（及物動詞）+直接賓語+介詞+間接賓語”句型。當(dāng)直接賓語是人稱代詞，間接賓語是名詞時，或者兩個賓語都是人稱代詞時，需用此句型。Isentapostcardtomybestfriend.我給我最好的朋友發(fā)了一張明信片。Ipassedittomymother.我把它遞給了我媽媽。Shethrewthemtome.她把它們?nèi)咏o我。Ifoundaspareticketforhim.我為他找到了一張多余的票。ShallIorderataxiforyou?要我給你叫輛出租車嗎？注意：須在間接賓語前加to的常見動詞有：bring帶來 post郵給 show給……看sell賣 send寄 take拿，取throw扔 write給……寫信須在間接賓語前加for的常見動詞有：book為……預(yù)定 buy買 call為……叫choose選擇 cook做飯 find為……找到get得到 leave留下 make生產(chǎn)order為……訂購 pick撿起 save為……節(jié)約有些動詞后接雙賓語時，既不能用to引起間接賓語，也不能用介詞for引出間接賓語。ask請求 cause導(dǎo)致 charge收費(fèi)cost花費(fèi)，使喪失 forgive原諒refuse拒絕Hechargedmefivedollarsforacupoftea.他一杯茶向我要了5美元。Thisheroicdeedcosthimhislife.他為這一英雄壯舉付出了生命。重點(diǎn)用法⑤S+V+O+OC→主語+謂語（及物動詞）+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語（+狀語）用法：在某些及物動詞的后面，需要用一個賓語再加一個賓語補(bǔ)足語才能表達(dá)完整的意思。賓語和賓語補(bǔ)足語合稱為復(fù)合賓語。名詞、形容詞、副詞、非謂語動詞和介詞短語等都可以作賓語補(bǔ)足語。Iwillmakeyoucaptain.我將讓你當(dāng)船長。ThemanageraskedAmandatoleave.經(jīng)理要阿曼達(dá)離開。YesterdayIhadapicturetakenwithtwoAmericans.昨天我和兩個美國人一起照了相。HisspeechleftthePresidentinaverydifficultposition.他的話使總統(tǒng)處于艱難境地。提示：感官動詞see，hear，watch，feel，notice；使役動詞make，have，let等后接不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語時，省去to。但變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，to要還原。Hesawtheboyplaybytheriver.他看到這個男孩在河邊玩耍。Theboywasseentoplaybytheriver.這個男孩被看到在河邊玩耍。注意：上述感官動詞等后既可以接不帶to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)，也可用動詞-ing形式作賓補(bǔ)。前者表示動作已經(jīng)結(jié)束，后者表示動作正在發(fā)生，一定要注意二者的區(qū)別。Hesawagirlinredgetonthebus.他看見一個穿紅色衣服的女孩上車了。上車的動作已經(jīng)結(jié)束Hesawagirlinredgettingonthebus.他看見一個穿紅色衣服的女孩正在上車。上車的動作正在進(jìn)行一．根據(jù)每個詞的詞性、位置及與其它詞之間的聯(lián)系，判斷它所充當(dāng)?shù)木渥映煞郑⒓右哉f明。

1.IamaChinesestudentnamedLiHua,2.AsastudentwhohaslearnedChinesepainting。3..Lookingforwardtoyourearlyreply.

4..ThelocalartgallerywillholdanexhibitionofChinesepaintings5..MyfluentspokenEnglishandrichknowledgeaboutChinesepaintingswillhelpvisitorsunderstandthemeaningbehindeachpaintingdeeply.

6.We

willplayagainsttheteam

fromHongXingHighSchool.二．分析句子:閱讀下列短文,判斷其中粗體字所作的成分。一I'mafreshmanatseniorhighschool.Ihadtothink1.verycarefullyaboutwhichcoursesIwantedtotake.Theschooladviserhelpedme2.choosethesuitableones:maths,English,chemistry,worldhistory,andChinese.IknowthatChineseisaverydifficultlanguage,butIhopetobefluent3.whenIgraduate.MyadviserrecommendedthatIshouldsignupfor4.advancedliteraturebecauseIlikeEnglishandI'mgoodatit.

二1.SomeofthefirstpoemsayoungchildlearnsinEnglisharenurseryrhymes.Theyareusually2.thetraditionalpoemsorfolksongs.Thelanguageoftheserhymes,like3.PoemA,istothepointbuthasastoryline.Manychildrenenjoynurseryrhymes4.becausetheyrhyme,haveastrongrhythm,andoftenrepeatthesamewords.Thepoemsmaynotmakesenseandevenseemcontradictory,buttheyareeasytolearnandrecite.Byplayingwiththewordsinnurseryrhymes,childrenlearnaboutlanguage.

三Continuedgreenhousegasemissions1.willresultinfurtherwarmingandlong-lastingchangestotheglobalclimate.Thisrequirestheattentionofpeopleallovertheworld.Governmentsneedtoconsidermakingpoliciesandtakingappropriateactionsandmeasures2.toreducegreenhousegasemissions.Weasindividualscanalsoreduceour“carbonfootprint”by3.restrictingtheamountofcarbondioxideourlifestylesproduce.Itisourresponsibility4.toseizeeveryopportunitytoeducateeveryoneaboutglobalwarming,alongwithitscausesandimpacts,becausethisisthemostseriousissueaffectingallofusonthisplanet.

四Oneday,Clairementioned1.thatshedidn'tthinkshewasclever.TherobotcalledTonysaidthatshemustfeelveryunhappytosaythat.Clairethoughtitwasridiculous2.thatshewasbeingofferedsympathybyarobot,butshegraduallyadmiredhiswisdomandintegrityandbegantotrusthim.Healwaystreatedherwithdignity.Shetoldhimhowshewasunhappythatherhomewasn'telegantenoughforLarry,3.whowantedtoimprovehissocialpositionwithabiggersalary.Shewasn'tlikeGladysClaffern,4.oneoftherichestandmostpowerfulwomenaround.

一ForeignvisitorstotheUKmightbedisappointedwhentheylearnthatnoteveryonetherespeakslikeHarryPotterandhisfriends.Usually,there’sanassumptionbymanynon-BritsthateveryoneinBritainspeakswithwhat’sknownasaReceivedPronunciation(RP,標(biāo)準(zhǔn)發(fā)音)accent,alsocalled“theQueen’sEnglish”.However,whilemanypeopledotalkthisway,mostBritonsspeakintheirownregionalaccents.Scouse,GlaswegianandtheBlackCountry—fromLiverpool,GlasgowandtheWestMidlands—arejustthreeofthecountlessnon-RPaccentsthatBritishpeoplespeakwith.Thereareevendifferencesinaccentsbetweentownsorcitiesjust30kilometersapart.WhatisevenmoredisappointingisthatnotspeakinginaRPaccentmaymeanaBritishpersonisjudgedandeventreateddifferentlyintheireverydaylife.Ina2015studybytheUniversityofNewSouthWales,videosofpeoplereadingapassageinthreedifferentUKaccentswereshowntoasecondgroupofpeople.Thegroupthenratedhowintelligenttheythoughtthereaderssounded.Thelowest-ratedaccentwastheBrummieaccent,nativetopeoplefromBirmingham,acitywhoseaccentisconsideredtheworkingclass.However,thereisnoneedtobedisappointedthoughyouarenotspeakinginaRPaccent.Infact,doingtheoppositemayevengiveyouadvantages.

KongSeong-jae,25,isanInternetcelebrityfromSeoul.AfterstudyingintheUK,hepickedupseveralregionalaccents.He’snowfamousforhisonlinevideos,whereheshowsoffthevariousaccentshe’slearned.“BritishpeopleusuallygetreallyexcitedwhenIusesomeoftheirlocaldialectwords,andtheybecomemuchfriendlier.Ithinkitmakesabitofbondbetweenlocalpeopleandforeignerstospeakintheirlocalaccent,”hesaid.Soifyou’reworkingonperfectingyourBritishaccent,trytospeaklikesomeonefromLiverpool,GlasgoworBirmingham.YoumaynotsoundlikeHarryPotter,butyouarelikelytomakemorefriends.1.WhatcanweinferfromParagraph1?A.Non-BritsusuallyholdthatallBritonsspeakinaRPaccent.B.Only“theQueen’sEnglish”isacceptedintheUK.C.ForeignvisitorsaredisappointedattheirownspokenEnglish.D.AnyReceivedPronunciationaroundtheworldisalsocalled“theQueen’sEnglish”.2.WhatdopeoplethinkoftheBrummieaccent?A.ItisfavoredbyforeignvisitorstotheUK.B.ItisclosesttotheRPaccent.C.Itissmartandeasytounderstand.D.Itisspokenbypeopleoftheworkingclass.3.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“doingtheopposite”inParagraph4referto?A.SpeakinginaRPaccent.B.Speakinginregionalaccents.C.SpeakingtheBrummieaccent.D.SpeakinglikeHarryPotter.4.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.AstudyaboutthemostintelligentaccentinBritain.B.AcomparisonbetweendifferentBritishaccents.C.HowmuchBritishpeoplevaluetheRPaccent.D.Theimpactofregionalaccentsonpeople’slives.二Youwakeupinthemorning.Thedayisbeautifulandtheplansforthedayarewhatyouhavebeenlookingforwardtoforalongtime.Thenthetelephonerings,yousayhello,andthedramastarts.Thepersonattheotherendhasadepressing(令人沮喪的)toneinhisvoiceashestartstotellyouhowterriblehismorningisandthatthereisnothingtolookforwardto.Areyoustillinawonderfulmood?Impossible!Communicatingwithnegative(消極的)peoplecanwashoutyourhappiness.Itmaynotchangewhatyouthink,butcommunicatinglongenoughwiththemwillmakeyoufeeldepressedforamomentoralongtime.Lifebringsupsanddowns,butsomepeoplearestuckinthewrongideathatlifehasnohappinesstooffer.Theyonlyfeelgladwhentheymakeothersfeelbad.Nowondertheycanhardlywinothers’pityorrespect.Whenyoucommunicatewithpositivepeople,yourspiritstayshappyandthereforemorepositivethingsareattracted.Whenthedagger(匕首)ofanegativepersonisputinyou,youhavetheheavyfeelingthatallinall,bringsyoudown.Sometimeswehavenochoicebuttocommunicatewithnegativepeople.He/Shecouldbeaco-worker,orarelative.Inthiscase,speakaslittleaspossible.Sometimesitfeelsgoodtoletoutyourangerbacktothenegativeperson,butthatwillloweryoutothesamenegativelevelandtheywon’tfeelashamedofthemselvesaboutthat.Negativityoftenaffectshappinesswithoutevenbeingrealized.Thenegativewordsofanotheratthestartofthedaycanclingto(附著)youthroughouttherestofyourday,whichmakesyoufeelbadandstealsyourhappiness.Lifeistooshorttofeelnegative.Staypositiveandavoidnegativityasmuchaspossible.1.What’sthepurposeofthefirstparagraph?A.Tomakeacomparison. B.Toofferansuggestion.C.Tointroduceatopic. D.Todescribeadailyscene.2.Howcannegativepeopleaffectonus?A.Byinfluencingouremotion. B.Bytellingusthenatureoflife.C.Bychangingourwaysofthinking. D.Bycomparingtheirattitudestolifewithours.3.Whatdosomenegativepeoplebasetheirhappinesson?A.Otherpeople’spityforthem. B.Makingotherpeopleunhappy.C.Buildingupapositiveattitude. D.Otherpeople’srespectforthem.三根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Afteralongdayatwork,cominghomeisabreathoffreshair.Homeisacomfortableplacetositbackandrelax.__1__Belowareanumberofthingswecandotocreateahealthyhomeenvironmentthatwillhelptoeasetheworkdaystressandpromoteourphysicalandmentalhealth.__2__Itmayseemlikeatiringthingtocleanbutthereisareasonfordoingso.Wecanremovedustbycleaningthehouse.Leavinglayersofdusteverywheremeansthatthereisabuild－upofdust.Andwheredotheselayersofdustgo?Intoourlungs.Makingsuretheroomsarefullofsunlightisalsoimportant.Wemaynotrealizeitbutsunlightisanimportantpartofourgrowth.Weallknowthatsunlightpromotesbetterworkingconditions.__3__ThinkaboutusingaParanssystemwheresunlightdoesnotreach.Thistechnologygathersthesunlightbyusingsolarpanels(板).Itcansendoutsunlightwhereverweare.Itisalsoagoodideatoaddmoreplantsinourhouse.__4__Theyalsogiveoffoxygen,whichcanlowerstressandimproveourmoods.Alongthelinesofbeinggreen,itcanalsobevitaltothinkaboutwhatthingswearebringingintothehouse.Trytoavoidspecificplasticsthatareharmfultohealth.__5__Theymaycontainpoisonouschemicalsthatcanbebreathedin,orsimplyabsorbedthroughtheskin.A．However,isitashealthyasitcanbe?B．Isourhomeascomfortableasitusedtobe?C．Thesamethingappliestocertaincarpetsandpaint.D．Goinggreenwillhelptoremovetoxins(毒素)intheair.E．Besides,itcanreducebothstressandhighbloodpressure.F．Cleaningthehouseregularlyisthefirstthingweshoulddo.G．Itisacknowledgedthatagreenerlifestyleislinkedtobetterhealth.四閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個單詞)或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Asis__1__(know)toall,theOlympicGamesarethemostimportanteventsintheworld.TheywerefirstheldinancientGreece__2__776BC.AndtheeventswerenamedafterthecityOlympia.SlavesandwomencouldnotbeallowedtotakepartintheancientOlympics,andthe__3__(athlete)wereallfromthesamecountry.In1896,__4__firstmodernOlympicsopenedinAthens,thecapitalcityofGreece.Fromthenon,theOlympicGames__5__(take)placeeveryfouryears.Athletesfromthewholeworldcantakepartinthe__6__(importance)events,whethertheyaremenorwomen.ThefiveringsontheOlympicFlagstand__7__fivecontinentsandtheunionofthewholeworld.Chinadidn'tbecomeamemberofthemodernOlympicsuntilthe1950s.Andin1984,XuHaifengbecamethefirstChinesethatwonanOlympicgoldmedalinshooting.Withthe__8__(develop)ofChina,Beijingfinallysucceededin__9__(hold)the2008Olympics,duringwhichthefiveFuwamascots__10__(deep)impressedthewholeworld.五閱讀下面材料,在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個單詞)或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Englishhasdevelopedoveralonghistory.OldEnglishconsistsofa1(mix)ofCelticlanguageandthelanguagesspokenbytwoGermanicgroupsfromthe2(Europe)mainland.Attheendofthe9thcentury,theVikingsmovedtoBritain,3(bring)withthemtheirlanguages.Theirlanguagesalsomixed4OldEnglish,whichhadbecometheofficiallanguageofEnglandbythe10thcentury.

MiddleEnglishreferstotheEnglish5(use)fromaroundthe12thtothe15thcenturies.In1066,Normans,6French-speakingpeople,defeatedEngland.7FrenchdidnotreplaceEnglishasthefirstlanguage,it8(play)animportantroleintheformationofEnglish.

DuringtheRenaissanceinthe16thcentury,ModernEnglishappeared,in9manyLatinandGreekwordswereincluded.NowEnglishis10(wide)spokenaroundtheworld.

It'slatefallintheArcticOcean.Icebeginstoformontopofthewater,makingitdifficultforthewhitewhalestofindopenareastocome