初升高英語(yǔ)無(wú)憂銜接及新課預(yù)習(xí)（全國(guó)）銜接點(diǎn)12 句子成分及基本句型（解析版）

銜接點(diǎn)12句子成分及基本句型（初高考點(diǎn)差異及銜接）初中要求初中簡(jiǎn)單學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)句子的成分包括主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)等七類及S+V（主+謂）、S+V+O

（主+謂+賓）、S+V+C

（主+系+表）、S+V+IO+DO

（主+謂+間賓+直賓）、S+V+O+C

（主+謂+賓+賓補(bǔ)）、S+V+O+A

（主+謂+賓+狀）基本句型高中要求高中學(xué)習(xí)的句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)；次要成分有表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)和同位語(yǔ)。及S+V（主+謂）、S+V+O

（主+謂+賓）、S+V+C

（主+系+表）、S+V+IO+DO

（主+謂+間賓+直賓）、S+V+O+C

（主+謂+賓+賓補(bǔ)）、S+V+O+A

（主+謂+賓+狀）基本句型在各種題型中的應(yīng)用?！境踔芯渥映煞旨盎揪湫涂键c(diǎn)聚焦】一.英語(yǔ)句子的成分一般包括主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)等七類。（1）主語(yǔ)：表示句子所要說(shuō)明或描述的對(duì)象。由名詞、代詞、動(dòng)名詞、動(dòng)詞不定式充當(dāng)。Heisastudent.他是一名學(xué)生。（代詞he作主語(yǔ)）（2）謂語(yǔ)：說(shuō)明或描述主語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作、狀態(tài)或特征。由動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)充當(dāng)。Shelovescats.她喜愛(ài)貓。（動(dòng)詞love作謂語(yǔ)）（3）賓語(yǔ)：指謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作所涉及的人或物。一般由名詞或代詞充當(dāng)。WespeakChinese.我們講漢語(yǔ)。（名詞Chinese作賓語(yǔ)）（4）定語(yǔ)：對(duì)名詞或代詞進(jìn)行修飾、限定或說(shuō)明。主要由形容詞、代詞、數(shù)詞等充當(dāng)。Ilikelightmusic.我喜歡輕音樂(lè)。（形容詞light作定語(yǔ)）（5）補(bǔ)語(yǔ)：主要用于對(duì)賓語(yǔ)的補(bǔ)充和說(shuō)明。一般由名詞、動(dòng)詞的非謂語(yǔ)形式、形容詞充當(dāng)。Hewillbuymeagift.他將給我買(mǎi)份禮物。（agift作賓語(yǔ)me的補(bǔ)語(yǔ)）（6）狀語(yǔ)：說(shuō)明事物發(fā)生的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、方式或條件等。一般由副詞或狀語(yǔ)從句充當(dāng)。HeiswatchingTVathome.他在家看電視。（athome作狀語(yǔ)指明動(dòng)作發(fā)生的地點(diǎn)）（7）表語(yǔ)：說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)身份、特征、屬性和狀態(tài)，位于系動(dòng)詞后面。由名詞、形容詞等充當(dāng)。Myfatherisawriter.我父親是一名作家。（awriter作表語(yǔ)）二.六種基本句型基本句型例句1S+V（主+謂）Class

begins.

開(kāi)始上課了。2S+V+O

（主+謂+賓）He

plays

the

piano.

他彈鋼琴。3S+V+C

（主+系+表）We

are

students.

我們是學(xué)生。4S+V+IO+DO

（主+謂+間賓+直賓）She

gave

me

a

pen.

她給了我一支鋼筆。5S+V+O+C

（主+謂+賓+賓補(bǔ)）He

made

the

boy

laugh.

他讓那個(gè)男孩笑了。6S+V+O+A

（主+謂+賓+狀）I

am

playing

the

piano

at

home.

我正在家里彈鋼琴。分析下列句子成分1.Ourschoolisnotfarfrommyhome.2.Itisagreatpleasuretotalkwithyou3.Allofusconsideredhimhonest.4.Mygrandfatherboughtmeapairofsportsshoes.5.Hebrokeapieceofglass.6.Hemadeitclearthathewouldleavethecity．---Iloveyoumorethanher，child8.Teesturngreenwhenspringcomes.9.Theypushedthedooropen.10.Grandmatoldmeaninterestingstorylastnight.11.Don'tgetnervous，helpyourselftowhatyoulike．12.Wewillmakeourschoolmorebeautiful.13.Hedidn'tcome．Thatiswhyhedidn'tknow．14.Sheshowedushermanyofherpictures.15.Theoldmanlivesalonelylife.1.主語(yǔ)＋系動(dòng)詞＋表語(yǔ)2.主語(yǔ)＋系動(dòng)詞＋表語(yǔ)3.主語(yǔ)＋動(dòng)詞＋賓語(yǔ)＋賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)4.主語(yǔ)＋雙賓動(dòng)詞＋間接賓語(yǔ)＋直接賓語(yǔ)5.主語(yǔ)＋及物動(dòng)詞＋賓語(yǔ)6.主語(yǔ)＋動(dòng)詞＋形式賓語(yǔ)it＋賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)7.主語(yǔ)＋及物動(dòng)詞＋賓語(yǔ)8.主語(yǔ)＋系動(dòng)詞＋表語(yǔ)9.主語(yǔ)＋動(dòng)詞＋賓語(yǔ)＋賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)10.主語(yǔ)＋雙賓動(dòng)詞＋間接賓語(yǔ)＋直接賓語(yǔ)11.主語(yǔ)＋系動(dòng)詞＋表語(yǔ)12.主語(yǔ)＋動(dòng)詞＋賓語(yǔ)＋賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)13.主語(yǔ)＋系動(dòng)詞＋表語(yǔ)14.主語(yǔ)＋雙賓動(dòng)詞＋間接賓語(yǔ)＋直接賓語(yǔ)15.主語(yǔ)＋不及物動(dòng)詞【高中句子成分及基本句型考點(diǎn)聚焦】考綱解讀句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)；次要成分有表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)和同位語(yǔ)。及S+V（主+謂）、S+V+O

（主+謂+賓）、S+V+C

（主+系+表）、S+V+IO+DO

（主+謂+間賓+直賓）、S+V+O+C

（主+謂+賓+賓補(bǔ)）、S+V+O+A

（主+謂+賓+狀）基本句型在各種題型中的應(yīng)用?？键c(diǎn)清單一、句子成分（一）句子成分的定義：構(gòu)成句子的各個(gè)部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)；次要成分有表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)和同位語(yǔ)。主語(yǔ)：用法：一般位于句首，是謂語(yǔ)講述的對(duì)象，表示所說(shuō)的“是什么”或“是誰(shuí)”。但在therebe結(jié)構(gòu)、疑問(wèn)句（當(dāng)主語(yǔ)不疑問(wèn)詞時(shí)）和倒裝句中，主語(yǔ)位于謂語(yǔ)、助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面。主語(yǔ)可由名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞、名詞化的形容詞和主語(yǔ)從句等表示。例如：Duringthe1990s,Americancountrymusichasbecomemoreandmorepopular.（名詞）WeoftenspeakEnglishinclass.（代詞）One-thirdofthestudentsinthisclassaregirls.（數(shù)詞）Toswimintheriverisagreatpleasure.（不定式）Smokingdoesharmtothehealth.（動(dòng)名詞）Therichshouldhelpthepoor.（名詞化的形容詞）WhenwearegoingtohaveanEnglishtesthasnotbeendecided.（主語(yǔ)從句）Itisnecessarytomasteraforeignlanguage.（it作形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)為后面的不定式）謂語(yǔ)：用法：常位于主語(yǔ)之后，說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)“做什么”，“是什么”或“怎么樣”，總是由動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)充當(dāng)。謂語(yǔ)與主語(yǔ)在人稱和數(shù)上須保持一致。動(dòng)詞在句中作謂語(yǔ)，一般放在主語(yǔ)之后。謂語(yǔ)的構(gòu)成如下：1、簡(jiǎn)單謂語(yǔ)：由一個(gè)動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)構(gòu)成。如：Hepracticesrunningeverymorning.2、復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)：（1）由情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或其他助動(dòng)詞加動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成。如：Youmaykeepthebookfortwoweeks.Hehascaughtabadcold.（2）由系動(dòng)詞加表語(yǔ)構(gòu)成。如：Wearestudents.（四）表語(yǔ)：用法：位于系動(dòng)詞之后，說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)“是什么”，“怎么樣”。它一般位于系動(dòng)詞（如be,become,get,look,grow,turn,seem等）之后。表語(yǔ)一般由名詞、代詞、形容詞、分詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、副詞及表語(yǔ)從句表示。例如：OurteacherofEnglishisanAmerican.（名詞）Isityours?（代詞）Theweatherhasturnedcold.（形容詞）Thespeechisexciting.（分詞）Threetimessevenistwentyone?（數(shù)詞）HisjobistoteachEnglish.（不定式）Hishobby（愛(ài)好）isplayingfootball.（動(dòng)名詞）Themachinemustbeoutoforder.（介詞短語(yǔ)）Timeisup.Theclassisover.（副詞）Thetruthisthathehasneverbeenabroad.（表語(yǔ)從句）（五）賓語(yǔ)：用法：位于及物動(dòng)詞之后，表示動(dòng)作的對(duì)象、承受者或結(jié)果。由名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動(dòng)詞-ing形式或相當(dāng)于名詞的詞或短語(yǔ)充當(dāng)。例如：Theywenttoseeanexhibition（展覽）yesterday.（名詞）Theheavyrainpreventedmeformcomingtoschoolontime.（代詞）Howmanydictionariesdoyouhave?Ihavefive.（數(shù)詞）Theyhelpedtheoldwiththeirhouseworkyesterday.（名詞化形容詞）Hepretendednottoseeme.（不定式短語(yǔ)）Ienjoylisteningtopopularmusic.（動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)）Ithink（that）heisfitforhisoffice.（賓語(yǔ)從句）賓語(yǔ)種類：（1）雙賓語(yǔ)（間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ)），例如：Lendmeyourdictionary,please.（2）復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)（賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)），例如：Theyelectedhimtheirmonitor.（六）賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)：英語(yǔ)中有些及物動(dòng)詞，除有一個(gè)直接賓語(yǔ)以外，還要有一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)，才能使句子的意義完整。帶有賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的一般句型為：某些及物動(dòng)詞（如make等+賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)）。賓補(bǔ)可由名詞、形容詞、副詞、不定式、分詞、介詞短語(yǔ)和從句充當(dāng)。例如：HisfathernamedhimDongming.（名詞）Theypaintedtheirboatwhite.（形容詞）Letthefreshairin.（副詞）Youmustn’tforcehimtolendhismoneytoyou.（不定式短語(yǔ)）Wesawherenteringtheroom.（現(xiàn)在分詞）Wefoundeverythinginthelabingoodorder.（介詞短語(yǔ)）Wewillsoonmakeourcitywhatyourcityisnow.（從句）（七）定語(yǔ)：修飾名詞或代詞的詞、短語(yǔ)或從句稱為定語(yǔ)。定語(yǔ)可由以下等成分表示：Guilinisabeautifulcity.（形容詞）Chinaisadevelopingcountry;Americaisadevelopedcountry.（分詞）Therearethirtywomenteachersisourschool.（名詞）HisrapidprogressinEnglishmadeussurprised.（代詞）Ourmonitorisalwaysthefirsttoentertheclassroom.（不定式短語(yǔ)）Theteachingplanfornexttermhasbeenworkedout.（動(dòng)名詞）HeisreadinganarticleabouthowtolearnEnglish.（介詞短語(yǔ)）（八）狀語(yǔ)：修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或整個(gè)句子，說(shuō)明動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)特征的句子成分，叫做狀語(yǔ)?？捎梢韵滦问奖硎荆篖ighttravelsmostquickly.（副詞及副詞性詞組）Hehaslivedinthecityfortenyears.（介詞短語(yǔ)）Heisproudtohavepassedthenationalcollegeentranceexamination.（不定式短語(yǔ)）Heisintheroommakingamodelplane.（分詞短語(yǔ)）Waitaminute.（名詞）Onceyoubegin,youmustcontinue.（狀語(yǔ)從句）狀語(yǔ)種類如下：Howaboutmeetingagainatsix?（時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)）Lastnightshedidn’tgotothedancepartybecauseoftherain.（原因狀語(yǔ)）Ishallgothereifitdoesn’train.（條件狀語(yǔ)）MrSmithlivesonthethirdfloor.（地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)）Sheputtheeggsintothebasketwithgreatcare.（方式狀語(yǔ)）Shecameinwithadictionaryinherhand.（伴隨狀語(yǔ)）Inordertocatchupwiththeothers,Imustworkharder.（目的狀語(yǔ)）Hewassotiredthathefellasleepimmediately.（結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)）Sheworksveryhardthoughsheisold.（讓步狀語(yǔ)）Iamtallerthanheis.（比較狀語(yǔ)）

二.簡(jiǎn)單句的基本句型重點(diǎn)用法①S+V→主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)（不及物動(dòng)詞）（+狀語(yǔ)）用法：在此句型中，“主語(yǔ)+不及物動(dòng)詞”構(gòu)成句子的主體部分。不及物動(dòng)詞后面不能直接帶賓語(yǔ)。但是有時(shí)為了表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生的頻率、原因、結(jié)果、目的、地點(diǎn)、時(shí)間等，可以有狀語(yǔ)來(lái)修飾。Classbegins.開(kāi)始上課。 begin為不及物動(dòng)詞，后面不能帶賓語(yǔ)Hisfatherhasgoneabroad.他父親出國(guó)了。 狀語(yǔ)abroad修飾動(dòng)詞Jimrunsinthepark.吉姆在公園里跑步。 inthepark作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)Westoppedtohavearest.我們停下來(lái)休息。 tohavearest作目的狀語(yǔ)提示：一些動(dòng)詞既可以作不及物動(dòng)詞，也可以作及物動(dòng)詞。Theyareplayingontheplayground.他們?cè)诓賵?chǎng)上玩。 play為不及物動(dòng)詞They’replayingfootball.他們?cè)谔咦闱颉? play為及物動(dòng)詞重點(diǎn)用法②S+V+O→主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)（及物動(dòng)詞）+賓語(yǔ)用法：在此句型中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是及物動(dòng)詞，其后必須跟賓語(yǔ)才能使句意表達(dá)完整。句子的賓語(yǔ)可以由名詞、代詞、動(dòng)名詞、不定式、從句或相當(dāng)于名詞的詞、短語(yǔ)等來(lái)充當(dāng)。ShelikesEnglish.她喜歡英語(yǔ)。 名詞作賓語(yǔ)Hestoppedwriting.他停下筆。 動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)Theywanttogo.他們想走。 不定式作賓語(yǔ)Sheknowswhattodonext.她知道下一步做什么?！耙蓡?wèn)詞+不定式”作賓語(yǔ)提示：有些不及物動(dòng)詞后面加上介詞就相當(dāng)于一個(gè)及物動(dòng)詞，后面就可以加賓語(yǔ)了。例如，在句子Youmustlistentome.（你必須聽(tīng)我的。）中，listen是不及物動(dòng)詞，但在加上to之后，listento相當(dāng)于一個(gè)及物動(dòng)詞，其后可以跟賓語(yǔ)me。重點(diǎn)用法③S+V+P→主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)（+狀語(yǔ)）用法：be動(dòng)詞和become是英語(yǔ)中常見(jiàn)的系動(dòng)詞，后面必須接表語(yǔ)，才能用來(lái)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)，表示“……是……”，“……變成……”等意思。表語(yǔ)通常由名詞、副詞、形容詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、介詞短語(yǔ)及不定式等充當(dāng)。Hebecameascientist.他成了一名科學(xué)家。 名詞作表語(yǔ)Mysisterisoutnow.我姐姐現(xiàn)在出去了。 副詞作表語(yǔ)Theyarehonest.他們是誠(chéng)實(shí)的。 形容詞作表語(yǔ)提示：在英語(yǔ)中，除了be動(dòng)詞和become屬于系動(dòng)詞外，還有一些行為動(dòng)詞，當(dāng)它們表示狀態(tài)存在或表示狀態(tài)變化時(shí)也可以作系動(dòng)詞。這類動(dòng)詞包括：appear出現(xiàn)come成為 feel摸起來(lái)get變得go變得 grow變得keep保持look看起來(lái) seem看起來(lái)smell聞起來(lái)sound聽(tīng)起來(lái) taste嘗起來(lái)Childrengrowwiserastheygrow.孩子們隨著年齡的增長(zhǎng)會(huì)變聰明。TheLijiangRiverlooksespeciallybeautifulintheearlymorning.清晨，漓江看起來(lái)格外美麗。Dinnersmellsgood.飯菜聞起來(lái)很香啊。Hisvoicesoundedstrangeonthephone.他的聲音在電話里聽(tīng)著挺怪的。Ilikethiskindofcake.Ittastesdeliciousverymuch.我喜歡這種蛋糕，它嘗起來(lái)十分美味。重點(diǎn)用法④S+V+IO+DO→主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)（及物動(dòng)詞）+間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ)用法：及物動(dòng)詞作謂語(yǔ)時(shí)，后面要跟賓語(yǔ)。賓語(yǔ)分直接賓語(yǔ)和間接賓語(yǔ)，二者合稱雙賓語(yǔ)。直接賓語(yǔ)是及物動(dòng)詞的直接對(duì)象；間接賓語(yǔ)是及物動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作所涉及的人或物，也就是說(shuō)，間接賓語(yǔ)是指動(dòng)作是對(duì)誰(shuí)做的，或是為誰(shuí)做的，所以只能是名詞或賓格代詞擔(dān)當(dāng)間接賓語(yǔ)。IboughtJohnabirthdaypresent.我給約翰買(mǎi)了生日禮物。名詞John是間接賓語(yǔ)，abirthdaypresent是直接賓語(yǔ)Pleasetellmeyourtelephonenumber.請(qǐng)告訴我你的電話號(hào)碼。賓格代詞me是間接賓語(yǔ)，yourtelephonenumber是直接賓語(yǔ)提示：間接賓語(yǔ)通常位于直接賓語(yǔ)之前，構(gòu)成句型“主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)（及物動(dòng)詞）+間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ)”。在此句型中，間接賓語(yǔ)有時(shí)也可以改成一個(gè)由to或for引起的短語(yǔ)，放在直接賓語(yǔ)之后，構(gòu)成“主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)（及物動(dòng)詞）+直接賓語(yǔ)+介詞+間接賓語(yǔ)”句型。當(dāng)直接賓語(yǔ)是人稱代詞，間接賓語(yǔ)是名詞時(shí)，或者兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)都是人稱代詞時(shí)，需用此句型。Isentapostcardtomybestfriend.我給我最好的朋友發(fā)了一張明信片。Ipassedittomymother.我把它遞給了我媽媽。Shethrewthemtome.她把它們?nèi)咏o我。Ifoundaspareticketforhim.我為他找到了一張多余的票。ShallIorderataxiforyou?要我給你叫輛出租車嗎？注意：須在間接賓語(yǔ)前加to的常見(jiàn)動(dòng)詞有：bring帶來(lái) post郵給 show給……看sell賣(mài) send寄 take拿，取throw扔 write給……寫(xiě)信須在間接賓語(yǔ)前加for的常見(jiàn)動(dòng)詞有：book為……預(yù)定 buy買(mǎi) call為……叫choose選擇 cook做飯 find為……找到get得到 leave留下 make生產(chǎn)order為……訂購(gòu) pick撿起 save為……節(jié)約有些動(dòng)詞后接雙賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，既不能用to引起間接賓語(yǔ)，也不能用介詞for引出間接賓語(yǔ)。ask請(qǐng)求 cause導(dǎo)致 charge收費(fèi)cost花費(fèi)，使喪失 forgive原諒refuse拒絕Hechargedmefivedollarsforacupoftea.他一杯茶向我要了5美元。Thisheroicdeedcosthimhislife.他為這一英雄壯舉付出了生命。重點(diǎn)用法⑤S+V+O+OC→主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)（及物動(dòng)詞）+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)（+狀語(yǔ)）用法：在某些及物動(dòng)詞的后面，需要用一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)再加一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)才能表達(dá)完整的意思。賓語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)合稱為復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)。名詞、形容詞、副詞、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和介詞短語(yǔ)等都可以作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。Iwillmakeyoucaptain.我將讓你當(dāng)船長(zhǎng)。ThemanageraskedAmandatoleave.經(jīng)理要阿曼達(dá)離開(kāi)。YesterdayIhadapicturetakenwithtwoAmericans.昨天我和兩個(gè)美國(guó)人一起照了相。HisspeechleftthePresidentinaverydifficultposition.他的話使總統(tǒng)處于艱難境地。提示：感官動(dòng)詞see，hear，watch，feel，notice；使役動(dòng)詞make，have，let等后接不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)，省去to。但變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，to要還原。Hesawtheboyplaybytheriver.他看到這個(gè)男孩在河邊玩耍。Theboywasseentoplaybytheriver.這個(gè)男孩被看到在河邊玩耍。注意：上述感官動(dòng)詞等后既可以接不帶to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)，也可用動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓補(bǔ)。前者表示動(dòng)作已經(jīng)結(jié)束，后者表示動(dòng)作正在發(fā)生，一定要注意二者的區(qū)別。Hesawagirlinredgetonthebus.他看見(jiàn)一個(gè)穿紅色衣服的女孩上車了。上車的動(dòng)作已經(jīng)結(jié)束Hesawagirlinredgettingonthebus.他看見(jiàn)一個(gè)穿紅色衣服的女孩正在上車。上車的動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行一．根據(jù)每個(gè)詞的詞性、位置及與其它詞之間的聯(lián)系，判斷它所充當(dāng)?shù)木渥映煞?，并加以說(shuō)明。

1.IamaChinesestudentnamedLiHua,2.AsastudentwhohaslearnedChinesepainting。3..Lookingforwardtoyourearlyreply.

4..ThelocalartgallerywillholdanexhibitionofChinesepaintings5..MyfluentspokenEnglishandrichknowledgeaboutChinesepaintingswillhelpvisitorsunderstandthemeaningbehindeachpaintingdeeply.

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介詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)

介詞短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ)二．分析句子:閱讀下列短文,判斷其中粗體字所作的成分。一I'mafreshmanatseniorhighschool.Ihadtothink1.verycarefullyaboutwhichcoursesIwantedtotake.Theschooladviserhelpedme2.choosethesuitableones:maths,English,chemistry,worldhistory,andChinese.IknowthatChineseisaverydifficultlanguage,butIhopetobefluent3.whenIgraduate.MyadviserrecommendedthatIshouldsignupfor4.advancedliteraturebecauseIlikeEnglishandI'mgoodatit.

答案1.狀語(yǔ)2.(賓語(yǔ))補(bǔ)語(yǔ)3.狀語(yǔ)4.定語(yǔ)二1.SomeofthefirstpoemsayoungchildlearnsinEnglisharenurseryrhymes.Theyareusually2.thetraditionalpoemsorfolksongs.Thelanguageoftheserhymes,like3.PoemA,istothepointbuthasastoryline.Manychildrenenjoynurseryrhymes4.becausetheyrhyme,haveastrongrhythm,andoftenrepeatthesamewords.Thepoemsmaynotmakesenseandevenseemcontradictory,buttheyareeasytolearnandrecite.Byplayingwiththewordsinnurseryrhymes,childrenlearnaboutlanguage.

答案1.主語(yǔ)2.表語(yǔ)3.賓語(yǔ)4.狀語(yǔ)三Continuedgreenhousegasemissions1.willresultinfurtherwarmingandlong-lastingchangestotheglobalclimate.Thisrequirestheattentionofpeopleallovertheworld.Governmentsneedtoconsidermakingpoliciesandtakingappropriateactionsandmeasures2.toreducegreenhousegasemissions.Weasindividualscanalsoreduceour“carbonfootprint”by3.restrictingtheamountofcarbondioxideourlifestylesproduce.Itisourresponsibility4.toseizeeveryopportunitytoeducateeveryoneaboutglobalwarming,alongwithitscausesandimpacts,becausethisisthemostseriousissueaffectingallofusonthisplanet.

答案1.謂語(yǔ)2.狀語(yǔ)3.賓語(yǔ)4.主語(yǔ)四Oneday,Clairementioned1.thatshedidn'tthinkshewasclever.TherobotcalledTonysaidthatshemustfeelveryunhappytosaythat.Clairethoughtitwasridiculous2.thatshewasbeingofferedsympathybyarobot,butshegraduallyadmiredhiswisdomandintegrityandbegantotrusthim.Healwaystreatedherwithdignity.Shetoldhimhowshewasunhappythatherhomewasn'telegantenoughforLarry,3.whowantedtoimprovehissocialpositionwithabiggersalary.Shewasn'tlikeGladysClaffern,4.oneoftherichestandmostpowerfulwomenaround.

答案1.賓語(yǔ)2.主語(yǔ)3.定語(yǔ)4.同位語(yǔ)一ForeignvisitorstotheUKmightbedisappointedwhentheylearnthatnoteveryonetherespeakslikeHarryPotterandhisfriends.Usually,there’sanassumptionbymanynon-BritsthateveryoneinBritainspeakswithwhat’sknownasaReceivedPronunciation(RP,標(biāo)準(zhǔn)發(fā)音)accent,alsocalled“theQueen’sEnglish”.However,whilemanypeopledotalkthisway,mostBritonsspeakintheirownregionalaccents.Scouse,GlaswegianandtheBlackCountry—fromLiverpool,GlasgowandtheWestMidlands—arejustthreeofthecountlessnon-RPaccentsthatBritishpeoplespeakwith.Thereareevendifferencesinaccentsbetweentownsorcitiesjust30kilometersapart.WhatisevenmoredisappointingisthatnotspeakinginaRPaccentmaymeanaBritishpersonisjudgedandeventreateddifferentlyintheireverydaylife.Ina2015studybytheUniversityofNewSouthWales,videosofpeoplereadingapassageinthreedifferentUKaccentswereshowntoasecondgroupofpeople.Thegroupthenratedhowintelligenttheythoughtthereaderssounded.Thelowest-ratedaccentwastheBrummieaccent,nativetopeoplefromBirmingham,acitywhoseaccentisconsideredtheworkingclass.However,thereisnoneedtobedisappointedthoughyouarenotspeakinginaRPaccent.Infact,doingtheoppositemayevengiveyouadvantages.

KongSeong-jae,25,isanInternetcelebrityfromSeoul.AfterstudyingintheUK,hepickedupseveralregionalaccents.He’snowfamousforhisonlinevideos,whereheshowsoffthevariousaccentshe’slearned.“BritishpeopleusuallygetreallyexcitedwhenIusesomeoftheirlocaldialectwords,andtheybecomemuchfriendlier.Ithinkitmakesabitofbondbetweenlocalpeopleandforeignerstospeakintheirlocalaccent,”hesaid.Soifyou’reworkingonperfectingyourBritishaccent,trytospeaklikesomeonefromLiverpool,GlasgoworBirmingham.YoumaynotsoundlikeHarryPotter,butyouarelikelytomakemorefriends.1.WhatcanweinferfromParagraph1?A.Non-BritsusuallyholdthatallBritonsspeakinaRPaccent.B.Only“theQueen’sEnglish”isacceptedintheUK.C.ForeignvisitorsaredisappointedattheirownspokenEnglish.D.AnyReceivedPronunciationaroundtheworldisalsocalled“theQueen’sEnglish”.2.WhatdopeoplethinkoftheBrummieaccent?A.ItisfavoredbyforeignvisitorstotheUK.B.ItisclosesttotheRPaccent.C.Itissmartandeasytounderstand.D.Itisspokenbypeopleoftheworkingclass.3.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“doingtheopposite”inParagraph4referto?A.SpeakinginaRPaccent.B.Speakinginregionalaccents.C.SpeakingtheBrummieaccent.D.SpeakinglikeHarryPotter.4.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.AstudyaboutthemostintelligentaccentinBritain.B.AcomparisonbetweendifferentBritishaccents.C.HowmuchBritishpeoplevaluetheRPaccent.D.Theimpactofregionalaccentsonpeople’slives.語(yǔ)篇導(dǎo)讀本文主要討論有關(guān)英式發(fā)音的相關(guān)方面的問(wèn)題。本文向讀者提供了一個(gè)與眾不同的建議,就是去學(xué)習(xí)英國(guó)的一些地方方言,這樣你可能會(huì)交到更多的朋友。1.A【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第二句“Usually,there’sanassumptionbymanynon-BritsthateveryoneinBritainspeakswithwhat’sknownasaReceivedPronunciationaccent,alsocalled‘theQueen’sEnglish’.”可知非英國(guó)人通常認(rèn)為,所有的英國(guó)人都有標(biāo)準(zhǔn)口音。故選A。2，D【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句“Thelowest-ratedaccentwastheBrummieaccent,nativetopeoplefromBirmingham,acitywhoseaccentisconsideredtheworkingclass.”可知人們認(rèn)為工人階級(jí)的人說(shuō)伯明翰口音。故選D。,3.B【解析】詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)上句“However,thereisnoneedtobedisappointedthoughyouarenotspeakinginaRPaccent.”可知“然而,盡管你發(fā)音不標(biāo)準(zhǔn),也沒(méi)有必要失望”。由此推斷出此處表達(dá)的是“事實(shí)上,說(shuō)話帶有地方口音甚至可能會(huì)給你優(yōu)勢(shì)”,故選B。4.D【解析】主旨大意題。本文通過(guò)介紹英國(guó)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)音之外的一些方言使用情況,說(shuō)明了地方口音對(duì)人們生活的影響,故選D。二Youwakeupinthemorning.Thedayisbeautifulandtheplansforthedayarewhatyouhavebeenlookingforwardtoforalongtime.Thenthetelephonerings,yousayhello,andthedramastarts.Thepersonattheotherendhasadepressing(令人沮喪的)toneinhisvoiceashestartstotellyouhowterriblehismorningisandthatthereisnothingtolookforwardto.Areyoustillinawonderfulmood?Impossible!Communicatingwithnegative(消極的)peoplecanwashoutyourhappiness.Itmaynotchangewhatyouthink,butcommunicatinglongenoughwiththemwillmakeyoufeeldepressedforamomentoralongtime.Lifebringsupsanddowns,butsomepeoplearestuckinthewrongideathatlifehasnohappinesstooffer.Theyonlyfeelgladwhentheymakeothersfeelbad.Nowondertheycanhardlywinothers’pityorrespect.Whenyoucommunicatewithpositivepeople,yourspiritstayshappyandthereforemorepositivethingsareattracted.Whenthedagger(匕首)ofanegativepersonisputinyou,youhavetheheavyfeelingthatallinall,bringsyoudown.Sometimeswehavenochoicebuttocommunicatewithnegativepeople.He/Shecouldbeaco-worker,orarelative.Inthiscase,speakaslittleaspossible.Sometimesitfeelsgoodtoletoutyourangerbacktothenegativeperson,butthatwillloweryoutothesamenegativelevelandtheywon’tfeelashamedofthemselvesaboutthat.Negativityoftenaffectshappinesswithoutevenbeingrealized.Thenegativewordsofanotheratthestartofthedaycanclingto(附著)youthroughouttherestofyourday,whichmakesyoufeelbadandstealsyourhappiness.Lifeistooshorttofeelnegative.Staypositiveandavoidnegativityasmuchaspossible.1.What’sthepurposeofthefirstparagraph?A.Tomakeacomparison. B.Toofferansuggestion.C.Tointroduceatopic. D.Todescribeadailyscene.2.Howcannegativepeopleaffectonus?A.Byinfluencingouremotion. B.Bytellingusthenatureoflife.C.Bychangingourwaysofthinking. D.Bycomparingtheirattitudestolifewithours.3.Whatdosomenegativepeoplebasetheirhappinesson?A.Otherpeople’spityforthem. B.Makingotherpeopleunhappy.C.Buildingupapositiveattitude. D.Otherpeople’srespectforthem.語(yǔ)篇導(dǎo)讀本文主要討論了消極情緒是可以傳染的,和消極愛(ài)抱怨的人在一起自己會(huì)變得消極悲觀,和積極樂(lè)觀的人在一起自己會(huì)變得積極向上。1.C【解析】意圖推斷題。本文是一篇議論文,第一段通過(guò)舉例來(lái)引出話題。故選C。2.A【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Itmaynotchangewhatyouthink,but…alongtime”可知,和消極的人交流雖然不會(huì)改變你的想法,但是會(huì)影響你的心情,故選A。3.B【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Theyonlyfeelgladwhentheymakeothersfeelbad”可知,消極的人只有在令別人不悅時(shí),自己才會(huì)感到開(kāi)心,故選B。三根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Afteralongdayatwork,cominghomeisabreathoffreshair.Homeisacomfortableplacetositbackandrelax.__1__Belowareanumberofthingswecandotocreateahealthyhomeenvironmentthatwillhelptoeasetheworkdaystressandpromoteourphysicalandmentalhealth.__2__Itmayseemlikeatiringthingtocleanbutthereisareasonfordoingso.Wecanremovedustbycleaningthehouse.Leavinglayersofdusteverywheremeansthatthereisabuild－upofdust.Andwheredotheselayersofdustgo?Intoourlungs.Makingsuretheroomsarefullofsunlightisalsoimportant.Wemaynotrealizeitbutsunlightisanimportantpartofourgrowth.Weallknowthatsunlightpromotesbetterworkingconditions.__3__ThinkaboutusingaParanssystemwheresunlightdoesnotreach.Thistechnologygathersthesunlightbyusingsolarpanels(板).Itcansendoutsunlightwhereverweare.Itisalsoagoodideatoaddmoreplantsinourhouse.__4__Theyalsogiveoffoxygen,whichcanlowerstressandimproveourmoods.Alongthelinesofbeinggreen,itcanalsobevitaltothinkaboutwhatthingswearebringingintothehouse.Trytoavoidspecificplasticsthatareharmfultohealth.__5__Theymaycontainpoisonouschemicalsthatcanbebreathedin,orsimplyabsorbedthroughtheskin.A．However,isitashealthyasitcanbe?B．Isourhomeascomfortableasitusedtobe?C．Thesamethingappliestocertaincarpetsandpaint.D．Goinggreenwillhelptoremovetoxins(毒素)intheair.E．Besides,itcanreducebothstressandhighbloodpressure.F．Cleaningthehouseregularlyisthefirstthingweshoulddo.G．Itisacknowledgedthatagreenerlifestyleislinkedtobetterhealth.篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章就“如何創(chuàng)造一個(gè)健康的家庭環(huán)境”作者提出了三點(diǎn)建議。1．A上文提到家是一個(gè)使人放松的地方，設(shè)空后一句提到，為了創(chuàng)造一個(gè)健康的家庭環(huán)境，以下是幾件值得做的事情，以此緩解我們的壓力，改善我們的身心健康，故選A。2．F根據(jù)空后“Itmayseemlikeatiringthingtodeanbutthereisareasonfordoingso.”提到了“打掃似乎是個(gè)很累人的事情”可知，本段主要內(nèi)容為“打掃房子”，故選F。3．E上文提到了“陽(yáng)光可以改善工作條件”，故本空仍舊圍繞“陽(yáng)光”的好處進(jìn)行論述。故E項(xiàng)(除此之外，還可以減輕壓力和高血壓)，還是在陳述陽(yáng)光的好處，故選E。4．D上文提到了“在家里要多添加植物”，故本段為強(qiáng)調(diào)“家中的綠色植物帶來(lái)的好處”，且D項(xiàng)中removetoxins(毒素)intheair“去除空氣中的毒素”，對(duì)應(yīng)后文中的giveoffoxygen“釋放氧氣”。故選D。5．C上文提到“嘗試避免一些有害健康的塑料產(chǎn)品”，而下文中提到“他們可能含有能夠吸入的有害化學(xué)物質(zhì)”，they對(duì)應(yīng)到C項(xiàng)中的carpetsandpaint“地毯與油漆”，故選C。四閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個(gè)單詞)或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Asis__1__(know)toall,theOlympicGamesarethemostimportanteventsintheworld.TheywerefirstheldinancientGreece__2__776BC.AndtheeventswerenamedafterthecityOlympia.SlavesandwomencouldnotbeallowedtotakepartintheancientOlympics,andthe__3__(athlete)wereallfromthesamecountry.In1896,__4__firstmodernOlympicsopenedinAthens,thecapitalcityofGreece.Fromthenon,theOlympicGames__5__(take)placeeveryfouryears.Athletesfromthewholeworldcantakepartinthe__6__(importance)events,whethertheyaremenorwomen.ThefiveringsontheOlympicFlagstand__7__fivecontinentsandtheunionofthewholeworld.Chinadidn'tbecomeamemberofthemodernOlympicsuntilthe1950s.Andin1984,XuHaifengbecamethefirstChinesethatwonanOlympicgoldmedalinshooting.Withthe__8__(develop)ofChina,Beijingfinallysucceededin__9__(hold)the2008Olympics,duringwhichthefiveFuwamascots__10__(deep)impressedthewholeworld.篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了奧運(yùn)會(huì)的起源以及中國(guó)參加奧林匹克運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)后取得的成績(jī)。1．known考查固定用法。asisknowntoall意為“眾所周知”，是固定表達(dá)。故填known。2．in考查介詞。表示“在某年”應(yīng)用介詞in。3．a(chǎn)thletes考查名詞。and之后的分句缺少主語(yǔ)，分句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為were，因此其主語(yǔ)要填名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填athletes。4．the考查冠詞。序數(shù)詞作定語(yǔ)修飾主語(yǔ)modernOlympics，序數(shù)詞前要用定冠詞the。5．take考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)everyfouryears可知，本句應(yīng)使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。theOlympicGames作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填take。6．important考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。此處修飾名詞events，因此要用形容詞形式。故填important。7．for考查固定短語(yǔ)。standfor為固定短語(yǔ)，意為“代表”。故填for。8．development考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。定冠詞后面應(yīng)接名詞，表示“隨著中國(guó)的發(fā)展”，故填development。9．holding考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。succeedindoingsth.意為“成功做某事”。故填holding。10．deeply考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。此處用副詞修飾動(dòng)詞impressed，表示抽象意義上的“深深地”。故填deeply。五閱讀下面材料,在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個(gè)單詞)或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Englishhasdevelopedoveralonghistory.OldEnglishconsistsofa1(mix)ofCelticlanguageandthelanguagesspokenbytwoGermanicgroupsfromthe2(Europe)mainland.Attheendofthe9thcentury,theVikingsmovedtoBritain,3(bring)withthemtheirlanguages.Theirlanguagesalsomixed4OldEnglish,whichhadbecometheofficiallanguageofEnglandbythe10thcentury.

MiddleEnglishreferstotheEnglish5(use)fromaroundthe12thtothe15thcenturies.In1066,Normans,6French-speakingpeople,defeatedEngland.7FrenchdidnotreplaceEnglishasthefirstlanguage,it8(play)animportantroleintheformationofEnglish.

DuringtheRenaissanceinthe16thcentury,ModernEnglishappeared,in9manyLatinandGreekwordswereincluded.NowEnglishis10(wide)spokenaroundtheworld.

語(yǔ)篇導(dǎo)讀這是一篇說(shuō)明文,介紹了英語(yǔ)的發(fā)展過(guò)程。1.mixture【解析】此處表示古英語(yǔ)由凱爾特語(yǔ)和來(lái)自歐洲大陸的兩個(gè)日耳曼語(yǔ)族混合而成。根據(jù)前面的a可知此處應(yīng)用名詞,故填mixture。2.European【解析】由語(yǔ)境可知,此處應(yīng)用形容詞修飾名詞mainland,故填European。3.bringing【解析】此處表示九世紀(jì)末,維京人帶著他們的語(yǔ)言到了英國(guó)。因主語(yǔ)“theVikings”與bring之間是邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系,所以用現(xiàn)在分詞做伴隨狀語(yǔ),故填bringing。4.with【解析】此處表示他們的語(yǔ)言也與古英語(yǔ)混合在一起,古英語(yǔ)到10世紀(jì)時(shí)已成為英國(guó)的官方語(yǔ)言。mixwithsth.是固定搭配,表示“與……混合”,故填with。5.used【解析】中世紀(jì)英語(yǔ)是指大約從12世紀(jì)到15世紀(jì)使用的英語(yǔ)。因use與被修飾詞English之間是邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,故此處用過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)做后置定語(yǔ),故填used。6.a【解析】1066年,諾曼人,一個(gè)說(shuō)法語(yǔ)的民族打敗了英國(guó)。句中的people在此表示“民族”,是可數(shù)名詞,此處表示泛指,故填a。7.Although/Though/While【解析】句意:法語(yǔ)雖然沒(méi)有取代英語(yǔ)作為第一語(yǔ)言,但在英語(yǔ)的形成中起了重要作用。根據(jù)句意可知,此處引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句,意為“雖然,盡管”,位于句首時(shí)應(yīng)注意首字母大寫(xiě),故填A(yù)lthough/Though/While。8.played【解析】本段講述的是中古英語(yǔ),即約12世紀(jì)到15世紀(jì)的英語(yǔ),所以應(yīng)該用一般過(guò)去時(shí),故填played。9.which【解析】句意:在16世紀(jì)的文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期,出現(xiàn)了現(xiàn)代英語(yǔ),其中包括許多拉丁詞匯和希臘詞匯。這是一個(gè)由“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句,修飾先行詞ModernEnglish,關(guān)系詞在從句中做賓語(yǔ),因?yàn)榍懊嬗薪樵~,所以只能用which。10.widely【解析】句意:現(xiàn)在,英語(yǔ)在世界各地廣泛使用。此處用副詞修飾動(dòng)詞,故填widely。It'slatefallintheArcticOcean.Icebeginstoformontopofthewater,makingitdifficultforthewhitewhalestofindopenareastocomeupforair."Theyhavetocomeuptobreathe,"saysDonnaHauser,amarinebiologist(海洋生物學(xué)家)attheUniversityofAlaskainFairbanks.“That'samoredifficultjob,andtheyhavetofindopeningsintheice.”Thewhitewhalesknowit'stimetoleaveforwarmerwaters.SothegroupofaboutahundredwhitewhalesheadssouthtowardtheBeringSea,abodyofwaterseparatingtheUnitedStatesandRussia.Halfwaythroughtheirjourney.thewhitewhalesfindthemselvesswimmingbetweentwolargeicefloes(浮冰).Suddenly,theyhearalargesplash(濺潑聲).Awhitewhale'smainenemy—anorca(虎鯨)—hasappearedandisswimmingtowardthewhitewhales.Luckily,orcasaren'tasgoodatswimmingthroughicefloesaswhitewhalesare,givingthewhitewhalestimetospeedupandswimaway.Thewhitewhalesaresafe,fornow."Butbeforegettingtotheirdestination,theymustpassthroughtheBeringStraitconnectingtheArcticOceanwiththeBeringSea—beforethenarrow(狹窄的)waterwayfreezesover,”Hausersays.“Otherwise,theirpathsouthcouldbeblocked（阻擋）.”ThewhitewhalesfinallymakeittotheBeringStrait,which