2024年12月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)真題試卷

12月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)真題試卷（一）PartIWriting(30minutes)Directions:

Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessayon

howtobalancejobresponsibilitiesandpersonalinterests.

Youcanciteexamplestoillustrateyourviews.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsbutnomorethan200words.PartⅡListeningComprehension(30minutes)SectionADirections:

Inthissection,youwillheartwolongconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,youwillhearfourquestions.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA），B），C)andD).Thenmarkthecorrespondingletteron

AnswerSheet1

withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions1to4arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.1.A)Itcanbenefitprofessionalsandnon-professionalsalike.B)Itliststhevariouschallengesphysicistsareconfronting.C)Itdescribeshowsomemysteriesofphysicsweresolved.D)Itisoneofthemostfascinatingphysicsbookseverwritten.2.A)Physicists’contributiontohumanity.B)Storiesaboutsomefemalephysicists.C)Historicalevolutionofmodernphysics.D)Women’schangingattitudestophysics.3.A)Byexposingalotofmythsinphysics.B)Bydescribingherownlifeexperiences.C)Byincludinglotsoffascinatingknowledge.D)Bytellinganecdotesaboutfamousprofessors.4.A)Itavoidsdetailingabstractconceptsofphysics.B)Itcontainsalotofthought-provokingquestions.C)Itdemonstrateshowtheycanbecomephysicists.D)Itprovidesexperimentstheycandothemselves.Questions5to8arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.5.A)Heistoobusytofinishhisassignmentintime.B)Hedoesnotknowwhatkidoftopictowriteon.C)Hedoesnotunderstandtheprofessor’sinstructions.D)Hehasnoideahowtoproceedwithhisdissertation.6.A)Itistoobroad.B)Itisoutdated.C)Itischallenging.D)Itisinteresting.7.A)Biography.B)Nature.C)Photography.D)Beauty.8.A)Improvehiscumulativegrade.B)Develophisreadingability.C)Sticktothetopicassigned.D)Listtheparametersfirst.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillheartwopassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearthreeorfourquestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA)，B)，C)andD).Thenmarkthecorrespondingletteron

AnswerSheet1

withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions9to11arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.9.A)TheunprecedentedhightemperatureinGreenland.B)ThecollapseoficeonthenortherntipofGreenland.C)TheunusualclodspellintheArcticareainOctober.D)TherapidchangeofArctictemperaturewithinaday.10.A)Ithascreatedatotallynewclimatepattern.B)Itwillposeaseriousthreattomanyspecies.C)Ittypicallyappearsaboutonceeverytenyears.D)Ithaspuzzledtheclimatescientistsfordecades.11.A)ExtinctionofArcticwildlife.B)IcelesssummersintheArctic.C)Emigrationofindigenouspeople.D)Betterunderstandingofecosystems.Questions12to15arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.12.A)Agoodstart.B)Adetailedplan.C)Astrongdetermination.D)Ascientificapproach.13.A)Mostpeoplegetenergizedafterasufficientrest.B)Mostpeopletendtohavefinitesourceofenergy.C)Itisvitaltotakebreaksbetweendemandingmentaltasks.D)Itismostimportanttohaveconfidenceinone’swillpower.14.A)Theycouldkeeponworkinglonger.B)Theycoulddomorechallengingtasks.C)Theyfounditeasiertofocusonworkathand.D)Theyheldmorepositiveattitudestowardlife.15.A)Theyarepartoftheirnature.B)Theyaresubjecttochange.C)Theyarerelatedtoculture.D)Theyarebeyondcontrol.SectionCDirections:

Inthissection,youwillhearthreerecordingsoflecturesortalksfollowedbythreeorfourquestions.Therecordingswillbeplayedonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Thenmarkthecorrespondingletteron

AnswerSheet1

withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions16to18arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.16.A)Abouthalfofcurrentjobsmightbeautomated.B)Thejobsofdoctorsandlawyerswouldbethreatened.C)Thejobsmarketisbecomingsomewhatunpredictable.D)Machinelearningwouldprovedisruptiveby.17.A)Theyarewidelyapplicableformassiveopenonlinecourses.B)Theyarenowbeingusedbynumeroushighschoolteachers.C)Theycouldreadasmanyas10,000essaysinasingleminute.D)Theycouldgradehigh-schoolessaysjustlikehumanteacher.18.A)Itneedsinstructionsthroughouttheprocess.B)Itdosepoorlyonfrequency,high-volumetasks.C)Ithastorelyonhugeamountsofpreviousdata.D)Itisslowwhenitcomestotrackingnovelthings.Questions19to22arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.19.A)Theengineeringproblemswithsolarpower.B)Thegenerationofsteamwiththelatesttechnology.C)Theimportanceofexploringnewenergysources.D)Thetheoreticalaspectsofsustainableenergy.20.A)Drivetrainswithsolarenergy.B)Upgradethecity’strainfacilities.C)Buildanewten-kilometrerailwayline.D)Cut-downthecity’senergyconsumption.21.A)Buildatankforkeepingcalciumoxide.B)Findanewmaterialforstoringenergy.C)Recoversuper-heatedsteam.D)Collectcarbondioxidegas.22.A)Thelackofsupervisionbyboththenationandlocalgovernment.B)Theimpactofthecurrenteconomicscrisisathomeandabroad.C)Thepoormanagementofdaycentresandhomehelpservices.D)Thepoorrelationbetweennationalheathandsocialcareservices.Questions23to25arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.23.A)Itwasmainlyprovidedbyvoluntaryservices.B)Itmainlycaterstotheneedofprivileged.C)Itcalledforasufficientnumberofvolunteers.D)Ithasdeterioratedoverthepastsixtyyears.24.A)Theirlongerlifespans.B)Fewerhomehelpersavailable.C)Theirpreferenceforprivateservices.D)Moreofthemsufferingseriousillness.25.A)Theyareunabletopayforhealthservices.B)Theyhavelongbeendiscriminatedagainst.C)Theyarevulnerabletoillnessanddiseases.D)Theyhavecontributedagreatdealtosociety.PartⅢReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionADirections:

Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.Pleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemon

AnswerSheet2

withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Questions26to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Inwhat’sprobablythecraziestheadlineI’veeverwritten,I’vereportedthat26inlivestockprotectionarehappeningwithscientistspaintingeyesonthebuttsofcows.Theexperimentisbasedupontheideathatfarmerswho’reprotectingtheirherdfromlionswouldshootandkilllionsinanefforttoprotecttheirlivestock.Whilethismakesalotofsense,itresultsinmanyliondeathsthat27wouldhavebeenunnecessary.ResearchersinAustraliahavebeen28andtestingamethodoftrickerytomakelionsthinktheyarebeingwatchedbythepaintedeyesoncowbutts.Thisideaisbasedontheprinciplethatlionsandother29arefarlesslikelytoattackwhentheyfeeltheyarebeingwatched.Asconservationareasbecomesmaller,lionsareincreasinglycomingintocontactwithhumanpopulations,whichareexpandingtothe30oftheseprotectedareas.Effortslikepaintingeyesoncowbuttsmayseemcrazyatfirst,buttheycouldmakeactualheadwayinthefightforconservation.“Ifthemethodworks,itcouldprovidefarmersinBotswana-and31—withalow-cost,sustainabletooltoprotecttheirlivestock,andawaytokeeplionssafefrombeingkilled.”Lionsare32ambush（埋伏）hunters,sowhentheyfeeltheirpreyhas33them,theyusuallygiveuponthehunt.Researchersare34testingtheirideaonaselectherdofcattle.Theyhavepaintedhalfofthecowswitheyesandlefttheotherhalfasnormal.Throughsatellitetrackingofboththeherdandthelionsinthearea,theywillbeableto35iftheirpsychologicaltrickerywillworktohelpkeepfarmersfromshootinglions.SectionBDirections:

Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.Answerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteron

AnswerSheet2.ResilienceIsAboutHowYouRecharge,NotHowYouEndure[A]Asconstanttravelersandparentsofa2-year-old,wesometimesfantasizeabouthowmuchworkwecandowhenoneofusgetsonaplane,undistractedbyphones,friends,ormovies.Weracetogetallourgroundworkdone:packing,goingthroughsecurity,doingalast-minuteworkcall,callingeachother,thenboardingtheplane.Then,whenwetrytohavethatamazingworksessioninflight,wegetnothingdone.Evenworse,afterrefreshingouremailorreadingthesamestudiesoverandover,wearetooexhaustedwhenwelandtosoldieronwith（繼續(xù)處理）theemailsthathaveinevitablystillpiledup.[B]whyshouldflyingdepleteus?We’rejustsittingtheredoingnothing.Whycan’twebetougher,moreresilient（有復(fù)原力的）anddeterminedinourworksowecanaccomplishallofthegoalswesetforourselves?Basedonourcurrentresearch,wehavecometorealizethattheproblemisnotourhecticscheduleortheplanetravelitself;theproblemcomesfromamisconceptionofwhatitmeanstoberesilient,andtheresultingimpactofoverworking.[C]Weoftentakeamilitaristic,“tough”approachtoresilienceanddeterminationlikeaMarinepullinghimselfthroughthemud,aboxergoingonemoreround,orafootballplayerpickinghimselfupoffthegroundforonemoreplay.Webelievethatthelongerwetoughitout,thetougherweare,andthereforethemoresuccessfulwewillbe.However,thisentireconceptionisscientificallyinaccurate.[D]Theverylackofarecoveryperiodisdramaticallyholdingbackourcollectiveabilitytoberesilientandsuccessful.Researchhasfoundthatthereisadirectcorrelationbetweenlackofrecoveryandincreasedincidenceofhealthandsafetyproblems.Andlackofrecovery—whetherbydisruptingsleepwiththoughtsofworkorhavingcontinuouscognitivearousalbywatchingourphones—iscostingourcompanies$62billionayearinlostproductivity.[E]Andjustbecauseworkstops,itdoesn’tmeanwearerecovering.We“stop”worksometimesat5pm,butthenwespendthenightwrestlingwithsolutionstoworkproblems,talkingaboutourworkoverdinner,andfallingasleepthinkingabouthowmuchworkwe’lldotomorrow.Inastudyjustreleased,researchersfromNorwayfoundthat7.8%ofNorwegianshavebecomeworkaholics（工作狂）.Thescientistsciteadefinition“workaholism”as“beingoverlyconcernedaboutwork,drivenbyanuncontrollableworkmotivation,andinvestingsomuchtimeandeffortinworkthatitimpairsotherimportantlifeareas.”[F]WebelievethatthenumberofpeoplewhofitthatdefinitionincludesthemajoriyofAmericanworkers,whichpromptedustobeginastudyofworkaholismintheU.S.Ourstudywillusealargecorporatedatasetfromamajormedicalcompanytoexaminehowtechnologyextendsourworkinghoursandthusinterfereswithnecessarycognitiverecovery,resultinginhugehealthcarecostsandturnovercostsforemployers.[G]Themisconceptionofresilienceisoftenbredfromanearlyage.Parentstryingtoteachtheirchildrenresiliencemightcelebrateahighschoolstudentstayingupuntil3amtofinishasciencefairproject.Whatadistortionofresilience!Aresilientchildisawell-restedone.Whenanexhaustedstudentgoestoschool,heriskshurtingeveryoneontheroadwithhisimpaireddriving;hedoesn’thavethecognitiveresourcestodowellonhisEnglishtest;hehaslowerself-controlwithhisfriends;andathome,heismoodywithhisparents.Overworkandexhaustionaretheoppositeofresilienceandthebadhabitsweacquirewhenwe’reyoungonlymagnifywhenwehittheworkforce.[H]AsJimLoehrandTonySchwartzhavewritten,ifyouhavetoomuchtimeintheperformancezone,youneedmoretimeintherecoveryzone,otherwiseyouriskburnout.Gatheringyourresourcesto“tryhard”requiresburningenergyinordertoovercomeyourcurrentlylowarousallevel.Italsoworsensexhaustion.Thusthemoreimbalancedwebecomeduetooverworking,themorevaluethereisinactivitiestheallowustoreturntoastateofbalance.Thevalueofarecoveryperiodrisesinproportiontotheamountofworkrequiredofus.[I]Sohowdowerecoverandbuildresilience?Mostpeopleassumethatifyoustopdoingatasklikeansweringemailsorwrithingapaper,yourbrainwillnaturallyrecover,sothatwhenyoustartagainlaterinthedayorthenextmorning,you’llhaveyourenergyback.Butsurelyeveryonereadingthishashadtimeswhenyoulieinbedforhours,unabletofallasleepbecauseyourbrainsisthinkingaboutwork.Ifyoulieinbedforeighthours,youmayhaverested,butyoucanstillfeelexhaustedthenextday.That’sbecauserestandrecoveryarenotthesamething.[J]Ifyou’retryingtobuildresilienceatwork,youneedadequateinternalandexternalrecoveryperiods.AsresearchersZijlstra,CropleyandRydstedtwriteintheirpaper:“Internalrecoveryreferstotheshorterperiodsofrelaxationthattakeplacewithintheframesoftheworkdayortheworksettingintheformofshortscheduledorunscheduledbreaks,byshiftingattentionorchangingtootherworktaskswhenthementalorphysicalresourcesrequiredfortheinitialtaskaretemporarilydepletedorexhausted.Externalrecoveryreferstoactionsthattakeplaceoutsideofwork—e.g.inthefreetimebetweentheworkdays,andduringweekends,holidaysorvacations.”Ifafterworkyouliearoundonyourbedandgetirritatedbypoliticalcommentaryonyourphoneorgetstressedthinkingaboutdecisionsabouthowtorenovateyourhome,yourbrainhasnotreceivedabreakfromhighmentalarousalstates.Ourbrainsneedarestasmuchasourbodiesdo.[K]Ifyoureallywanttobuildresilience,youcanstartbystrategicallystopping.Giveyourselftheresourcestobetoughbycreatinginternalandexternalrecoveryperiods.AmyBlanksondescribeshowtostrategicallystopduringthedaybyusingtechnologytocontroloverworking.ShesuggestsdownloadingtheInstantorMomentappstoseehowmanytimesyouturnonyourphoneeachday.YoucanalsouseappslikeOfftimeorUnpluggedtocreatetechfreezonesbystrategicallyschedulingautomaticairplanemodes.Theaveragepersonturnsontheirphone150timeseveryday.Ifeverydistractiontookonly1minute,thatwouldaccountfor2.5hoursaday.[L]Inaddition,youcantakeacognitivebreakevery90minutestochargeyourbatteries.Trytonothavelunchatyourdesk,butinsteadspendtimeoutsideorwithyourfriends—nottalkingaboutwork.Takeallofyourpaidtimeoff,whichnotonlygivesyourecoveryperiods,butraisesyourproductivityandlikelihoodofpromotion.[M]Asforus,we’vestartedusingourplanetimeasawork-freezone,andthustimetodipintotherecoveryphase.Theresultshavebeenfantastic.Weareusuallytiredalreadybythetimewegetonaplane,andthecrowdedspaceandunstableinternetconnectionmakeworkmorechallenging.Now,insteadofswimmingupstream,werelax,sleep,watchmovies,orlistentomusic.Andwhenwegetofftheplane,insteadofbeingdepleted,wefeelrecoveredandreadytoreturntotheperformancezone.36.Ithasbeenfoundthatinadequaterecoveryoftenleadstopoorhealthandaccidents.37.Mentalrelaxationismuchneeded,justasphysicalrelaxationis.38.Adequaterestnotonlyhelpsonerecover,butalsoincreasesone’sworkefficiency.39.Theauthoralwayshasahectictimebeforetakingaflight.40.Recoverymaynottakeplaceevenifoneseemstohavestoppedworking.41.Itisadvisedthattechnologybeusedtopreventpeoplefromoverworking.42.Contrarytopopularbelief,restdoesnotequalrecovery.43.Theauthorhascometoseethathisproblemresultsfromamisunderstandingofthemeaningofresilience.44.People’sdistortedviewaboutresiliencemayhavedevelopedfromtheirupbringing.45.Peopletendtothinkthemoredeterminedtheyare,thegreatertheirsuccesswillbe.SectionCDirections:

Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Youshoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteron

AnswerSheet2

withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Childrenwithattentionproblemsinearlychildhoodwere40%lesslikelytograduatefromhighschool,saysanewstudyfromDukeUniversity.Thestudyincluded386kindergartenersfromschoolsintheFastTrackProject,amulti-siteclinicaltrialintheU.S.thatin1991begantrackinghowchildrendevelopedacrosstheirlives.Withthisstudy,researchersexaminedearlyacademicattentionandsocio-emotionalskillsandhoweachcontributedtoacademicsuccessintoyoungadulthood.Theyfoundthatearlyattentionskillswerethemostconsistentpredictorofacademicsuccess,andthatlikabilitybypeersalsohadamodesteffectonacademicperformance.Byfifthgrade,childrenwithearlyattentiondifficultieshadlowergradesandreadingachievementscoresthantheirpeers.Asfifth-graders,childrenwithearlyattentionproblemsobtainedaveragereadingscoresatleast3%lowerthantheircontemporaries’andgradesatleast8%lowerthanthoseoftheirpeers.ThiswasaftercontrollingforIQ,socio-economicstatusandacademicskillsatschoolentry.Althoughthesemaynotseemlikelargeeffects,theimpactofearlyattentionproblemscontinuedthroughoutthechildren’sacademiccareers.Lowerreadingachievementscoresandgradesinfifthgradecontributedtoreducedgradesinmiddleschoolandtherebycontributedtoa40%lowerhighschoolgraduationrate.“Thechildrenweidentifiedashavingattentiondifficultieswerenotdiagnosedwithattentiondeficithyperactivitydisorder（注意力缺乏多動(dòng)癥）（ADHD）,althoughsomemayhavehadthedisorder.Ourfindingssuggestthatevenmoremodestattentiondifficultiescanincreasetheriskofnegativeacademicoutcomes,”saidDavidRabiner,anassociatedeanofDuke’sTrinityCollegeofArts&Sciences,whoseresearchhasfocusedonADHDandinterventionstoimproveacademicperformanceinchildrenwithattentiondifficulties.Socialacceptancebypeersinearlychildhoodalsopredictedgradesinfifthgrade,Childrennotaslikedbytheirfirst-gradepeershadslightlylowergradesinfifthgrade,whilethosewithhighersocialacceptancehadhighergrades.“Thisstudyshowstheimportanceofso-called‘non-cognitive’orsoftskillsincontributingtochildren’spositivepeerrelationships,which,inturn,contributetotheiracademicsuccesss,”saidKennethDodge,directoroftheDukeCenterforChildandFamilyPolicy.Theresultshighlighttheneedtodevelopeffectiveearlyinterventionstohelpthosewithattentionproblemsstayontrackacademicallyandforeducatorstoencouragepositivepeerrelationships,theresearcherssaid.“We’relearningthatstudentsuccessrequiresamorecomprehensiveapproach,onethatincorporatesnotonlyacademicskillsbutalsosocial,self-regulatoryandattentionskills,”Dodgesaid.“Ifweneglectanyoftheseareas,thechild’sdevelopmentlags.Ifweattendtotheseareas,achild’ssuccessmayreinforceitselfwithpositivefeedbackloops.”46.WhatisthefocusofthenewstudyfromDukeUniversity?A)Thecontributortochildren’searlyattention.B)Thepredictorsofchildren’sacademicsuccess.C)Thefactorsthataffectchildren’semotionalwell-being.D)Thedeterminantsofchildren’sdevelopmentofsocialskills.47.Howdidtheresearchersensurethattheirfindingsarevalid?A)Byattachingequalimportancetoallpossiblevariablesexamined.B)Bycollectingasmanytypicalsamplesaswerenecessary.C)Bypreventingthemfrombeingaffectedbyfactorsnotunderstudy.D)Byfocusingonthefamilybackgroundofchildrenbeingstudied.48.WhatdowelearnfromthefindingsoftheDukestudy?A)Modeststudentsaregenerallymoreattentivethantheircontemporaries.B)Therearemorechildrenwithattentiondifficultiesthanpreviouslythought.C)Attentiondeficithyperactivitydisorderaccountsformostacademicfailures.D)Children’sacademicperformancemaysufferfromevenslightinattention.49.WhatdoestheDukestudyfindaboutchildrenbetteracceptedbypeers?A)Theydobetteracademically.B)Theyareeasytogetonwith.C)Theyareteachers’favorites.D)Theycarelessaboutgrades.50.WhatcanweconcludefromtheDukestudy?A)Children’ssuccessisrelatedtotheirlearningenvironment.B)Schoolcurriculumshouldcoveragreatervarietyofsubjects.C)Socialskillsareplayingakeyroleinchildren’sdevelopment.D)Anall-roundapproachshouldbeadoptedinschooleducation.PassageTwoQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.OnJan.9,,SteveJobsformallyannouncedApple’s“revolutionarymobilephone”—adevicethatcombinedthefunctionalityofaniPod,phoneandInternetcommunicationintoasingleunit,navigatedbytouch.Itwasahugemilestoneinthedevelopmentofsmartphones,whicharenowownedbyamajorityofAmericanadultsandareincreasinglycommonacrosstheglobe.Assmartphoneshavemultiplied,sohavequestionsabouttheirimpactonhowweliveandhowwework.Oftentheadvantagesofconvenient,mobiletechnologyarebothobviousandtakenforgranted,leavingmoresubtletopicsforconcerneddiscussion:Aresmartphonesdisturbingchildren’ssleep?Isaninabilitytogetawayfromworkhavinganegativeimpactonhealth?Andwhataretheimplicationsforprivacy?Buttoday,onthe10thanniversaryoftheiPhone,let’stakeamomenttoconsideralessobviousadvantage:thepotentialforsmartphonetechnologytorevolutionizebehavioralscience.That’sbecause,forthefirsttimeinhumanhistory,alargeproportionofthespeciesisincontinuouscontactwithtechnologythatcanrecordkeyfeaturesofanindividual’sbehaviorandenvironment.Researchershavealreadybeguntousesmartphonesinsocialscientificresearch,eithertoquerypeopleregularlyastheyengageintheirnormalliveortorecordactivityusingthedevice’sbuilt-insensors.Thesestudiesareconfirming,challengingandextendingwhat’sbeenfoundusingmoretraditionalapproaches,inwhichpeoplereporthowtheybehavedinreallifeorparticipateinrelativelyshortandartificiallaboratory-basedtasks.Suchstudiesarejustfirststeps.Asmoredataarecollectedandmethodsforanalysisimprove,researcherswillbeinabetterpositiontoidentifyhowdifferentexperiences,behaviorsandenvironmentsrelatetoeachotherandevolveovertime,withthepotentialtoimprovepeople’sproductivityandwellbeinginavarietyofdomains.Beyon