2025年高考英語(yǔ)總復(fù)習(xí)專項(xiàng)練習(xí)42 語(yǔ)法填空＋閱讀理解＋應(yīng)用文寫(xiě)作

練習(xí)42語(yǔ)法填空+閱讀理解+應(yīng)用文寫(xiě)作

I.語(yǔ)法填空

2024.陜西西安調(diào)研說(shuō)明文195詞★★★★☆

Aspecialeventtitled“TeaforHarmony-YajiCulturalSalonofJiangsu“washeldlastweekbytheChina

CulturalCenterinParis,withthe1.(intend)ofgivingteaagreaterroleinenhancingfriendly

dialogue.Thecarefully2.(select)representativeintangibleculturalheritage(非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn))

fromEastChina*sJiangsuProvincepresenteditsrichteaculture3.(thorough).

Yaji,whichtranslatesas"anelegantgathering”,remindspeopleof4.ancienttypeofsocial

eventinChina5.scholarsandtheliterati(文人)gatheredtoinvolveinavarietyofrefinedcultural

activitiessuchasteatasting,guqinplaying,andpoetrycompositionandrecitals.ThePariseventfeaturingactivities

includingteatasting,demonstrationsoftea-makingtechniquesandteaartandmusicalperformances6.

(speak)highlyofbyaudiences.Throughtheactivities,itprovidedan7.(extend)descriptionoflocal

lifestylesassociatedwithtea.

8.caughtpeople'seyewasauniqueexhibitionpresentedinapanoramic(全景)way9.

(use)virtual3Dmodelingtechnology.Withfancysilk,jewelry,musicalinstruments,costumesforPekingOpera

andKunquOpera,aswellastoolsforspecialoccasions10.exhibit,thevirtualshowrecreated

traditionallifestylesandhomeenvironmentsfromJiangsu.

【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。巴黎中國(guó)文化中心舉辦了一場(chǎng)名為“茶和天下?蘇韻雅集”的活動(dòng)，

通過(guò)展覽和表演等形式，全面介紹了江蘇茶文化。

1.答案與解析：intention上周，巴黎中國(guó)文化中心舉辦了一場(chǎng)名為“茶和天下?蘇韻雅集”的特別活

動(dòng)，意在讓茶在加強(qiáng)友好對(duì)話中發(fā)揮更大的作用。根據(jù)空前的withthe和空后的of可知，空處應(yīng)用名詞。

intention”打算，計(jì)劃，意圖，目的”。

2.答案與解析：selected精心挑選的來(lái)自中國(guó)東部江蘇省的代表性非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)全面展示了其豐富

的茶文化。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處應(yīng)用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作前置定語(yǔ)，select“挑選”與其邏輯主語(yǔ)之間是動(dòng)賓

關(guān)系，應(yīng)用過(guò)去分詞形式。

3.答案與解析：thoroughly空處修飾動(dòng)詞presented,應(yīng)用所給詞的副詞形式。thoroughly”完全地，

全面地”。

4.答案與解析：an雅集，譯為“高雅的聚會(huì)”，讓人們想起中國(guó)一種古老的社交活動(dòng)，學(xué)者和文人

聚集在一起，參與各種高雅的文化活動(dòng)，如品茶、古琴演奏、詩(shī)歌創(chuàng)作和朗誦。此處表泛指，又ancient的

發(fā)音以元音音素開(kāi)頭，故填不定冠詞an。

5.答案與解析：where分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞為表示抽象地點(diǎn)的socialevent,

空處在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，故用where引導(dǎo)。

6.答案與解析：wasspoken句中沒(méi)有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，故空處作謂語(yǔ)。句子主語(yǔ)為TheParisevent,表示單

數(shù)，與speak之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，又文中描述該活動(dòng)時(shí)用到的時(shí)態(tài)是一般過(guò)去時(shí)，故填wasspokenospeakhighly

of“高度贊揚(yáng)，對(duì)……大加稱贊”。

7.答案與解析：extensive根據(jù)空前的an和空后的description可知，空處應(yīng)用形容詞作定語(yǔ)。

8.答案與解析：What吸引人們眼球的是使用虛擬3D建模技術(shù)以全景方式呈現(xiàn)的獨(dú)特展覽。分析句

子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句且在從句中作主語(yǔ)，表示“……的事物"，故填What。

9.答案與解析：using空處應(yīng)用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作方式狀語(yǔ)，use與其邏輯主語(yǔ)auniqueexhibition之間是

主謂關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞形式。

10.答案與解析：on此處為“with+sth.+介詞短語(yǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)。onexhibit"在展示中”為固定搭配。

II.閱讀理解

A

2024?石家莊市質(zhì)檢說(shuō)明文286詞★★★☆☆

TheNobelPrizehasbeenawardedto60womenbetween1901and2022.Thesewomenhavemade

outstandingcontributionstotheworldsofmedicine,science,literatureandsoon.Herearefourofthem.

DorothyCrowfootHodgkin

Award:NobelPrizeinChemistry

Year:1964

DorothyHodgkinwasaBritishchemistwhoseinterestinresearchbeganwhen,asachild,shereceiveda

chemistrybookcontainingexperimentswithcrystals（晶體）.ShestudiedatOxfordUniversityanddeveloped

proteincrystallography,whichadvancedthedevelopmentofX-rays.ThisearnedhertheNobelPrize.

GertrudeB.Elion

Award:NobelPrizeinPhysiologyorMedicine

Year:1988

GertrudeElionwontheNobelPrizeforherdiscoveriesofimportantprinciplesfordrugtreatment.Elionhad

watchedhergrandfatherdieofcancer,soshedecidedtofightthediseasethroughoutherlife.Elion,togetherwith

GeorgeHitchings,withwhomshesharedtheaward,createdasystemfordrugproductionthatreliesheavilyon

biochemistry.

ToniMorrison

Award:NobelPrizeinLiterature

Year:1993

ToniMorrison,whosebook“Beloved“earnedherthePulitzerPrizeandtheAmericanBookAward,

wasthefirstBlackwomantoeverreceivetheNobelPrizeinLiterature.BorninOhio,Morrisonwasawriter

whoseworksaremostlyaboutlifeintheBlackcommunity.Shetaughtwritingandservedasanhonoraryprofessor

atPrincetonUniversity.

EstherDuflo

Award:NobelPrizeinEconomics

Year:2019

EstherDuflosharedherprizewithherresearchcolleaguesMichaelKremerandAbhijitBanerjee,whoisher

husband.DuflohasspentmuchofhercareerattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology,wheresheearnedher

doctoratedegreein1999.DufloandherpartnerswereawardedtheNobelPrizefortheirapproachtofighting

povertyaroundtheworld.

1.WhatwonDorothyCrowfootHodgkintheNobelPrize?

A.Herbookaboutcrystals.

B.HercontributiontoX-raydevelopment.

C.Herresearchonmedicine.

D.Herdiscoveryofanewproteincrystal.

答案與解析:B理解具體信息。根據(jù)DorothyCrowfootHodgkin部分的"ShestudiedatOxfordUniversity

anddevelopedproteincrystallography...ThisearnedhertheNobelPrize”可知，DorothyCrowfootHodgkin對(duì)X

射線的發(fā)展的貢獻(xiàn)為她贏得了諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)。故選B項(xiàng)。

2.WhatdoToniMorrison'sbooksmainlyfocuson?

A.Educationalissues.

B.Communityservice.

C.Writingtechniques.

D.BlackAmerican'slife.

答案與解析：D理解具體信息。根據(jù)ToniMorrison部分的"whoseworksaremostlyaboutlifeinthe

Blackcommunity,,_P［知，ToniMorrison的作品主要是關(guān)于黑人社區(qū)的生活。由此可知，ToniMorrison的書(shū)主

要講美國(guó)黑人生活。故選D項(xiàng)。

3.WhatdoGertrudeB.ElionandEstherDuflohaveincommon?

A.TheywontheNobelPrizeinthesameyear.

B.Theydevotedthemselvestofightingdiseases.

C.TheysharedtheNobelPrizewithothers.

D.Theirlifeexperiencescommittedthemtotheirfields.

答案與解析：C理解具體信息。根據(jù)GertrudeB.Elion部分的"soshedecidedtofightthedisease...with

whomshesharedtheaward”和EstherDuflo部分的“EstherDuflosharedherprizewithherresearchcolleagues

MichaelKremerandAbhijitBaneijee,whoisherhusband”可知,GertrudeB.Elion和EstherDuflo的相似之

處是她們和其他人一起獲得了諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)。故選C項(xiàng)。

B

2023?新課標(biāo)I卷說(shuō)明文320詞★★☆☆☆

OnMarch7,1907,theEnglishstatisticianFrancisGaltonpublishedapaperwhichillustratedwhathascome

tobeknownasthe"wisdomofcrowds“effect.Theexperimentofestimationheconductedshowedthatinsome

cases,theaverageofalargenumberofindependentestimatescouldbequiteaccurate.

Thiseffectcapitalizesonthefactthatwhenpeoplemakeerrors,thoseerrorsaren'talwaysthesame.Some

peoplewilltendtooverestimate,andsometounderestimate.Whenenoughoftheseerrorsareaveragedtogether,

theycanceleachotherout,resultinginamoreaccurateestimate.Ifpeoplearesimilarandtendtomakethesame

errors,thentheirerrorswon*tcanceleachotherout.Inmoretechnicalterms,thewisdomofcrowdsrequiresthat

people'sestimatesbeindependent.Ifforwhateverreasons,people'serrorsbecomecorrelatedordependent,the

accuracyoftheestimatewillgodown.

ButanewstudyledbyJoaquinNavajasofferedaninterestingtwist（轉(zhuǎn)折）onthisclassicphenomenon.The

keyfindingofthestudywasthatwhencrowdswerefurtherdividedintosmallergroupsthatwereallowedtohavea

discussion,theaveragesfromthesegroupsweremoreaccuratethanthosefromanequalnumberofindependent

individuals.Forinstance,theaverageobtainedfromtheestimatesoffourdiscussiongroupsoffivewas

significantlymoreaccuratethantheaverageobtainedfrom20independentindividuals.

Inafollow-upstudywith100universitystudents,theresearcherstriedtogetabettersenseofwhatthegroup

membersactuallydidintheirdiscussion.Didtheytendtogowiththosemostconfidentabouttheirestimates?Did

theyfollowthoseleastwillingtochangetheirminds?Thishappenedsomeofthetime,butitwasn'tthedominant

response.Mostfrequently,thegroupsreportedthatthey“sharedargumentsandreasonedtogether.Somehow,

theseargumentsandreasoningresultedinaglobalreductioninerror.

AlthoughthestudiesledbyNavajashavelimitationsandmanyquestionsremain,thepotentialimplications

forgroupdiscussionanddecision-makingareenormous.

【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是說(shuō)明文。沒(méi)有人是一座孤島，文章陳述了“群體智慧”效應(yīng)。實(shí)驗(yàn)表明，在某

些情況下大量獨(dú)立評(píng)估的平均值可能是相當(dāng)準(zhǔn)確的。

4.Whatisparagraph2ofthetextmainlyabout?

A.Themethodsofestimation.

B.Theunderlyinglogicoftheeffect.

C.Thecausesofpeople'serrors.

D.ThedesignofGalton'sexperiment.

答案與解析：B主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段內(nèi)容uThiseffectcapitalizesonthefactthatwhenpeoplemake

errors,thoseerrorsaren'talwaysthesame.Somepeoplewilltendtooverestimate,andsometounderestimate.

Whenenoughoftheseerrorsareaveragedtogether,theycanceleachotherout,resultinginamoreaccurate

estimate.Ifpeoplearesimilarandtendtomakethesameerrors,thentheirerrorswon'tcanceleachotherout.In

moretechnicalterms,thewisdomofcrowdsrequiresthatpeople'sestimatesbeindependent.Ifforwhatever

reasons,people'serrorsbecomecorrelatedordependent,theaccuracyoftheestimatewillgodown.（這種效應(yīng)利用

了這樣一個(gè)事實(shí)，即當(dāng)人們犯錯(cuò)誤時(shí)，這些錯(cuò)誤并不總是相同的。有些人常常會(huì)高估，有些會(huì)低估。當(dāng)這

些誤差中有足夠多的誤差被平均在一起時(shí)，它們會(huì)相互抵消，從而產(chǎn)生一個(gè)更準(zhǔn)確的評(píng)估。如果相似的人

傾向于犯同樣的錯(cuò)誤，那么他們的錯(cuò)誤不會(huì)相互抵消。用更專業(yè)的術(shù)語(yǔ)來(lái)說(shuō)，群體智慧要求人們的評(píng)估是

獨(dú)立的。如果由于任何原因，人們的錯(cuò)誤變得相關(guān)或依賴，評(píng)估的準(zhǔn)確性就會(huì)下降）”可知，本段闡述了人

們所犯的錯(cuò)誤不總是相同的，各不相同的誤差平均在一起，相互抵消就會(huì)產(chǎn)生更準(zhǔn)確的評(píng)估，討論了獨(dú)立

評(píng)估的平均如何由于誤差的消除而產(chǎn)生更準(zhǔn)確的預(yù)測(cè)。因此本段主要解釋了“群體智慧”效應(yīng)這一現(xiàn)象的

基本邏輯。故選B。

5.Navajas'studyfoundthattheaverageaccuracycouldincreaseevenif.

A.thecrowdswererelativelysmall

B.therewereoccasionalunderestimates

C.individualsdidnotcommunicate

D.estimateswerenotfullyindependent

答案與解析：D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的^Inmoretechnicalterms,thewisdomofcrowdsrequiresthat

people'sestimatesbeindependent.（用更專業(yè)的術(shù)語(yǔ)來(lái)說(shuō)，群體智慧要求人們的評(píng)估是獨(dú)立的）”和第三段的

“Thekeyfindingofthestudywasthatwhencrowdswerefurtherdividedintosmallergroupsthatwereallowedto

haveadiscussion,theaveragesfromthesegroupsweremoreaccuratethanthosefromanequalnumberof

independentindividuals.Forinstance,theaverageobtainedfromtheestimatesoffourdiscussiongroupsoffive

wassignificantlymoreaccuratethantheaverageobtainedfrom20independentindividuals.（這項(xiàng)研究的關(guān)鍵發(fā)現(xiàn)

是，當(dāng)人群被進(jìn)一步劃分為允許進(jìn)行討論的小組時(shí)，這些小組的平均值比同等數(shù)量的獨(dú)立個(gè)體的平均值更

準(zhǔn)確。例如，從四個(gè)五人討論組的評(píng)估中獲得的平均值明顯比從20個(gè)獨(dú)立個(gè)體獲得的平均值更準(zhǔn)確）”可知，

人們?cè)跊](méi)有獨(dú)立的情況下，分成更小群體，平均值是更準(zhǔn)確的，說(shuō)明即使在評(píng)估數(shù)字并非完全獨(dú)立的情況

下，準(zhǔn)確率提高也是可以做到的。故選D。

6.Whatdidthefollow-upstudyfocuson?

A.Thesizeofthegroups.

B.Thedominantmembers.

C.Thediscussionprocess.

D.Theindividualestimates.

答案與解析：C推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段的“Inafollow-upstudywith100universitystudents,the

researcherstriedtogetabettersenseofwhatthegroupmembersactuallydidintheirdiscussion.Didtheytendto

gowiththosemostconfidentabouttheirestimates?Didtheyfollowthoseleastwillingtochangetheirminds?（在

一項(xiàng)針對(duì)100名大學(xué)生的后續(xù)研究中，研究人員試圖更好地了解小組成員在討論中的實(shí)際行為。他們是否

傾向于選擇那些對(duì)自己的評(píng)估最有信心的人？他們是否追隨那些最不愿意改變主意的人呢）”可知，在后續(xù)

研究中，研究人員試圖更好地了解小組成員在討論中實(shí)際做了什么。結(jié)合兩個(gè)問(wèn)題，因此可知后續(xù)研究的

重點(diǎn)是小組內(nèi)的討論過(guò)程。故選C。

7.Whatistheauthor*sattitudetowardNavajas*studies?

A.Unclear.B.Dismissive.

C.Doubtful.D.Approving.

答案與解析：D推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段