人教版（2019）選擇性必修第四冊復習學案 UNIT 3 SEA EXPLORATION

UNIT3SEAEXPLORATION基礎默寫Ⅰ.核心單詞——寫其形1.talen.故事；敘述2.withdrawvi.&vt.（過去式withdrew；過去分詞withdrawn）（使）撤回；撤離3.bondn.紐帶；關系vt.&vi.增強信任關系；使牢固結合4.laptopn.筆記本電腦；便攜式電腦5.taxvt.對……征稅；使納稅n.稅；稅款6.underwateradv.在水下adj.水下的7.meanwhileadv.與此同時；（比較兩方面）對比之下8.arrestn.逮捕；拘留；中止vt.逮捕；拘留；阻止Ⅱ.拓展單詞——通其變1.extendvt.擴展；使伸長；延長→extensionn.擴大；延伸→extensiveadj.廣泛的；廣闊的2.negotiatevt.商定；達成（協議）vi.談判；磋商；協商→negotiationn.談判；協商3.professionn.職業(yè)；行業(yè)→professionaladj.專業(yè)的；職業(yè)的n.職業(yè)運動員→professionallyadv.專業(yè)地；內行地→professorn.教授4.mixvt.&vi.（使）混合；調配→mixedadj.混合的→mixturen.混合；結合體；混合物5.covervt.覆蓋；報道→coveragen.新聞報道；覆蓋范圍6.applaudvt.&vi.鼓掌vt.稱贊；贊賞→applausen.鼓掌；掌聲7.migratevi.移居；移動；遷移→migrationn.遷移；遷徙；移居8.mercyn.仁慈；寬??；恩惠→mercifuladj.寬大的；仁慈的9.possessvt.擁有；具有；支配→possessionn.[pl.]個人財產；擁有；控制10.opposevt.反對→opposedadj.強烈反對的；對立的→oppositeadj.對面的；相反的n.對立面prep.與……相對→opponentn.對手；反對者Ⅲ.閱讀單詞——曉其意1.merchantn.商人；批發(fā)商adj.海上貨運的2.fleetn.艦隊；機群；車隊3.beholdvt.看；看見4.leaguen.等級；水平；聯合會；聯賽5.royaladj.皇家的；高貴的6.spicen.（調味）香料7.channeln.航道；海峽；頻道8.tournamentn.錦標賽；聯賽9.mannedadj.有人控制的；需人操縱的10.capsulen.膠囊；太空艙11.coraln.珊瑚12.exploitvt.開發(fā)；利用13.murdervt.&n.謀殺14.logvt.把……載入正式記錄；記錄n.正式記錄；日志；原木15.marineadj.海的；海產的Ⅳ.核心短語——明搭配1.reachout伸（手）；伸手（拿……）2.withdrawfrom退出；撤回3.inhand在手頭；可供使用4.searchfor尋找；搜尋5.amixtureof...and...……與……的混合6.underthecommandof在……的指揮下7.forthebenefitof為了……的利益8.setsail起航；開航9.inaleagueofone’sown獨領風騷10.pressconference記者招待會；新聞發(fā)布會Ⅴ.經典句式——會運用1.Tocompletethegreatmapoftheworldwasastrongpassionforthepeopleofearlycivilizations.（動詞不定式作主語）繪制世界大地圖是早期文明人們的強烈愿望。2.TheaimofthisinitiativeistoencouragecooperationandtradeacrossthehistoricSilkRoadareas，andstrengthenthebondsbetweenChinaandtherestoftheworld.（Theaim...istodo...）這一倡議的目的是鼓勵史上著名的絲綢之路地區(qū)的合作與貿易，加強中國與世界其他地區(qū)的聯系。3.Fromascientificpointofview，thereisanurgentneedtostudytheArcticinordertounderstandclimatechangeanditseffects.（Thereisanurgentneedtodosth.）從科學的角度來看，迫切需要研究北極，以了解氣候變化及其影響。4.Weneedtounderstandwhatishappeningtoourplanetsothatwecantakeaction.（sothat引導的目的狀語從句）我們需要了解我們的星球正在發(fā)生什么，以便我們能夠采取行動。5.Hopefully，astechnologyimproves，wemayhavemoreoptionsformanagingthisbalance.（as引導的時間狀語從句）希望隨著技術的進步，我們可以有更多的選擇來應對這種平衡。語境自測Ⅰ.單詞拼寫（用本單元詞匯）1.Thepolicehadhimarrestedandsenthimtojail.2.MayIuseyourlaptoptosubmitaform？Minewaslefthome.3.Abondoffriendshiphasbeenformedbetweenthetwogirlsafterthecompetition.4.Thedrugwaswithdrawnfromsaleafteranumberofpeoplesufferedserioussideeffects.5.Thedoctorwillseeyouagainnextmonth.Meanwhile，youmusttakethesepillsonceaday.6.Mostparentstellfairytalestotheirchildrenbeforesleeping.7.Takeadeepbreathandseehowlongyoucanstayunderwater.8.Thegovernmentismakingeffortstocutdownontax（es）forlocalcompanies.Ⅱ.用所給單詞的適當形式填空1.Somepeoplethinkthatopponentsonlygivethempressure，whileothersareopposedtotheideaandbelievetheycanbringtheoppositeeffect.（oppose）2.Theprofessorgaveussuchaprofessionalintroductionabouthisprofession.（profession）3.Thegirlwhopossessesthequalitiesofintelligenceandcreativityhasaccumulatedagreatmanypossessions.Nowadays，sheisinpossessionoftwofamousfirms.（possess）4.Icamehomefromthemeetingwithmixedfeelings.Itwasamixtureofexcitementandnervousness.（mix）5.Theaudiencebrokeintoapplause.Theykeptapplaudinguntilthenextperformerwalkedontothestage.（applaud）6.Theissueisstillundernegotiation（negotiate）.Ⅲ.用方框內短語的適當形式完成句子withdrawfrom inhand searchforforthebenefitof underthecommandof1.Ithappensthatwearesearchingforanewteamcoach.Wouldyouliketocome？2.Weneedmorepeopletoworkforthebenefitofthecommunity.3.ThethreeclassesareallunderthecommandofMrBrown，sohemustberesponsibleforeveryone.4.Ifyouapplyyourselftothejobinhand，you’llsoonfinishit.5.Shehadkindofexpectedhimtowithdrawfromthecourse，becauseitwasobviouslybeyondhisreach.Ⅳ.句式仿寫1.早睡很重要，尤其當你第二天有考試時。（動詞不定式作主語）Tosleepearlyisofgreatsignificanceespeciallywhenyouhaveatestthenextday.2.演講比賽的目的是喚起學生節(jié)約糧食的意識。（Theaim...istodo...）Theaimofthespeechcontestistoarousethestudents’awarenessofsavingfood.3.迫切需要教育人們垃圾分類的重要性。（Thereisanurgentneedtodosth.）Thereisanurgentneedtoeducatepeopleaboutthesignificanceofgarbageclassification.4.我們所有人都應該感激我們所擁有的，這樣我們才能過上幸福的生活。（sothat引導的目的狀語從句）Allofusshouldbegratefulforwhatwehavesothatwecanliveahappylife.5.他在森林里迷了路，隨著夜幕降臨，他感到非常害怕和孤獨。（as引導的時間狀語從句）Hehadlosthiswayintheforestandasdarknessfellhefeltveryfrightenedandlonely.1.LongbeforeMarcoPolo’stalesinspiredEuropeanexplorers，merchantsandexplorershadsetsailfromeasttowest.TheSilkRoadacrosstheseawasevenextendedtotheIndianOceanapartfromtheoverlandroute.There，merchantsmettonegotiatetradedeals.IntheMingDynasty，ZhengHesetsailtotheeastcoastofAfrica.Africanroyalfamiliessentgiftsinreturnforsilkandspices.AlthoughChinawithdrewfromfurtherexpeditionslater，thesesearoutesremainedactivechannels.ThehistoricSilkRoadnowhelpstostrengthenthepolitical，economicandculturalbondsbetweenChinaandothercountries.Withthelatesttechnologyinhand，Chinaisreachingoutacrosstheseafarintothefuture.2.Somepeoplearguethatexploringtheseaisnotexploitingit.However，somecountriesarestill"murdering"intelligentmarinecreatureslikewhaleswithoutmercyaccordingtomediacoverage.Theseaishometolife，nothumanbeings’possessions.Allofusinanyprofessionshouldprotectit.Meanwhile，someopponentsapplaudseaexploration，believingthattounderstanditistobetterprotectit.1extendvt.擴展；使伸長；延長；擴大……的范圍（或影響）；給予vi.包括；涉及（范圍）1.[人教選必①－5]Theshelter...iscomprisedoftwolargetunnelsthatwereintendedtoonedaybecomeanextension（extend）oftheLondonUnderground.2.Everyonewasimpressedbyhisextensive（extend）knowledgeofmusic.3.《史記》共52萬余字，涉及3000多年的歷史，分為五部分，共130篇。Totallingover520，000Chinesecharactersandextendingoveraperiodofmorethan3，000years，RecordsoftheHistorianconsistsof130chaptersinfivecategories.4.我很榮幸代表我們班向您發(fā)出邀請。 （邀請信）Itismyhonourtoextendaninvitationtoyouonbehalfofourclass.★extendsth.tosb.給予某人某物★extensionn.擴大；延伸；延長（或擴大）的事物extensiveadj.廣泛的；廣闊的extendedadj.延長了的；擴展了的2negotiatevt.商定；達成（協議）vi.談判；磋商；協商1.[譯林選必④－2]Forexample，ifyouareabusinesspersonnegotiatingwithalargeenterpriseabout/foradeal，youshoulddoitfacetoface，usingformallanguageinastraightforwardmanner.2.Theproblemissotoughthatitisstillundernegotiation（negotiate）.3.參加這次活動提高了我們的談判技巧，培養(yǎng)了我們的團隊精神。 （活動意義）Participationintheactivity（has）improvedournegotiationskillsandbuiltourteamspirit.★negotiatewithsb.about/forsth.和某人商議某事★negotiationn.談判；協商undernegotiation在商談中innegotiationwith和……協商中3mercyn.仁慈，寬恕；恩惠，幸運1.[譯林選必④－1]Ashipwithoutananchorisatthemercyofthewavesandwinds...2.Shewassuchamerciful（mercy）womanthatsheoftendistributedfoodandclothingtothehomeless.3.他們在海里漂了一整天之后，大自然對他們展示了些許憐憫。 （讀后續(xù)寫之情境描寫）→①Natureshowedalittlemercytothem/hadalittlemercyonthemaftertheyhadfloatedontheseaforawholeday.（mercy）→②Naturewasalittlemercifultothemaftertheyhadfloatedontheseaforawholeday.（merciful）★showmercyto/havemercyon對……憐憫或寬恕withoutmercy殘忍地；毫無同情心地atthemercyof任由……擺布或控制★mercifuladj.寬大的；仁慈的bemercifulto對……仁慈★mercilessadj.殘忍的4possessionn.擁有；控制；[usuallypl.]個人財產1.[人教選必④－4]Theonlypossessions（possess）Icouldseewereonebroom，afewsaucers，akettle，cups，pans，andacoupleofjars.2.Thepossession（possess）ofapassportisessentialforforeigntravel.3.Youcansucceedonlywhenyouhaveagoodmood.→Onlywhenyouareinpossessionofagoodmoodcanyousucceed.（倒裝；詞匯升級）4.作為中國四大名著之一，這本書具有極大的智慧和中文的精髓，值得一讀。 （推介信）RegardedasoneofthefourfamousChineseclassicsofliterature，thebookpossessesgreatwisdomandtheessenceofChinese，whichmakesitworthwhiletoread.（possess）★inpossessionof擁有（強調狀態(tài)）insb.’spossession＝inthepossessionofsb.為某人所有takepossessionof擁有；占有（強調動作）★possessvt.擁有；具有（特質）；（情緒等）控制5inhand在手頭；可供使用（available）；在掌握中1.inhandhandinhandhandoutbyhand①[人教必修①－1]EveryWednesday，weworkatasoupkitchenandhandoutfoodtohomelesspeopleinthecommunity.②[人教選必①－5]PeanutsareplantedinAprilorMay.Ittakesaround120to160daysforthemtobereadyforharvesting.Thisisusuallydonebyhand.③[人教選必②－3]Whatwecansay，however，isthatcultureandcuisinegohandinhand，andifyoudonotexperienceone，youcanneverreallyknowtheother.④[人教選必④－3]Withlotsoffoodanddrinkinhand，theysetofffortheirpicnic.2.一方面，他們想要孩子；另一方面，他們又不想放棄自由自在的生活。Ontheonehand，they’dlovetohavekids；ontheother（hand），theydon’twanttogiveuptheirfreedom.3.[人教必修③－3]它們可以讓從未到過中國的游客親自體驗中國傳統(tǒng)文化。TheyallowvisitorswhohaveneverbeentoChinatoexperiencetraditionalChineseculture（at）firsthand.★athand（在時間或距離上）接近（close）byhand手工（at）firsthand第一手；親自handinhand手拉手；密切關聯give/lendahelpinghand幫助ontheonehand...ontheother（hand）...一方面……，另一方面……★handin上交handdown傳給（后代）handout分發(fā)6reachout伸出（手）1.[外研選必①－6]CuonaLakeissoclosetotherailwaythatIwanttoreachoutandtouchitspalebluemirror-likesurface.2.[外研選必④－6]ThesacrificeoftheChallengercallstous，remindingusthatwemustcontinuetoreachforthestars，nomatterhowdistanttheymightseem.3.盡管Meredith一家并不富裕，但他們總是愿意力所能及地向他人伸出援手。 （人物介紹）AlthoughtheMeredithsweren’twelloff，theywerealwayswillingtoreachouttootherswithintheirreach.★reachouttosb.對某人感興趣；向某人伸出援手reachfor伸出手去拿……reachaconclusion/decision/goal得出結論/做出決定/達成目標★within/beyond/outof（the）reachof在……能力可及的范圍內/外7Thereisanurgentneedtodosth.迫切需要做某事。1.Thereisnopointpushing（push）themtopracticeunlesstheyaretalentedandtheyenjoyit.2.It’snousecryingoverspiltmilk.[諺語翻譯]覆水難收/后悔也于事無補。3.全球變暖已經成為海洋生物的一大威脅，迫切需要我們盡一切努力來對抗全球變暖。（保護海洋）Thereisanurgentneedforustotryeverymeanstofightagainstglobalwarmingwhichhasbecomeagreatthreattoseacreatures.4.[人教選必④－4]毫無疑問，這些活動將給你留下難忘的回憶。 （活動總結）Thereisnodoubtthattheseactivitieswillleaveyouwithunforgettablememories.★Thereisnoneed（forsb.）todo...（某人）不需要做……★Thereisevidence/nodoubt/nodenyingthat...有證據表明/毫無疑問/不可否認……Thereisnouse/good/point/sense（in）doing...做……沒有意義。8as引導的從句1.我的所有隊員都對這次比賽感到興奮，因為我們對計算機編程有著極大的熱情。Allmyteammembersareexcitedaboutthiscompetitionaswehavegreatenthusiasmforcomputerprogramming.2.雖然我們很累，但我們感到很放松，對運動也變得更加熱情。Tiredaswewere，wefeltrelaxedandwebecamemorepassionateaboutsports.3.我們都知道，沒有付出就沒有收獲。 （讀后續(xù)寫之主旨升華）Asweallknow，nopain，nogain.4.然而，隨著比賽的進行，我變得非常疲憊，再也跟不上其他選手了。However，astheracewenton，Ibecameextremelytiredandcouldn’tkeepupwithotherracersanymore.5.湯姆很聰明，他完全按照老師教他的那樣做了。Tomwassointelligentthathedidexactlyastheteacherhadtaughthim.★as引導原因狀語從句，表示"因為"?！颽s引導讓步狀語從句，表示"盡管，雖然"，狀語從句需要倒裝?！颽s引導時間狀語從句，表示"隨著"?！颽s引導方式狀語從句，表示"像……一樣，正如"?！颽s引導比較狀語從句時基本結構是as...as。前一個as是副詞；后一個as引導比較狀語從句，表示"像……一樣，正如"?！颽s引導非限制性定語從句，表示"正如，像"，指代整個主句，在非限制性定語從句中作主語、表語或賓語，從句可位于句首、句中或句末，通常由逗號與主句隔開。Ⅰ.語法填空——詞形轉換、固定搭配1.[2023新高考Ⅰ]WhenIhandedintheessaytomyteacher，hereadit，laughedoutloud，andsaid，"Great.Now，writeitagain."2.[2022全國甲]Throughouthercareer（職業(yè)）asaprofessional（profession）dancer，shetouredintheUK，butalwayslongedtoexplorefurther.3.[2021新高考Ⅰ]Jeffbroketwoeggsintoaplateandaddedinsomemilk.Jennafoundthebreadandputtwoslicesintotheeggmixture（mix）.4.[全國Ⅲ]Ifyouareinneedofadeadlineextension（extend），simplyexplainthesituationtotheprofessor.5.[浙江高考]...IsteppedfootontoUCR’scampus，whereover400organizationsexist，rangingfrompolitical（politics）organizationstokarateclub.6.[江蘇高考]Whenheselectsnewsoftheotherkind，heusuallywithdrawsfromtheworldofthreateningrealitytowardthedreamworld.Ⅱ.閱讀理解——一詞多義、熟詞生義1.[2020全國Ⅱ]Itwasaspecialtimetobondwithmychildrenanditfilledthemwiththewondermentofbooks. v.增強親密關系2.[天津高考]Boldness—awillingnesstoextendyourselftotheextreme—isnotonethatcanbeacquiredovernight. v.使竭盡全力Ⅲ.寫作——基礎寫作、讀后續(xù)寫寫作一基礎寫作——保護海洋[2022全國甲]你校將以六月八日世界海洋日為主題，舉辦英語征文比賽。請你寫一篇短文投稿。內容包括：1.海洋的重要性；2.保護海洋的倡議?！驅懽饕c1.海洋面積約占地球的四分之三，對全球氣候至關重要。（extend）Extendingaboutthreequartersoftheplanet，oceansarecrucialfortheglobalclimate.2.海洋生物也為我們提供了豐富的資源和食物。（marine）Marinelifealsoprovidesabundantresourcesandfoodforus.3.我們有責任保護海洋，而不是將海洋視為任由人類擺布的財產。（possession，mercy）It’sourresponsibilitytoprotectoceansinsteadofregardingthemasourpossessionsthatcanbeatthemercyofhumankind.4.利用手頭可用的先進技術，盡我們所能做出改變。（inhand）Dowhateverwecanwithadvancedtechnologiesinhandtomakeadifference.5.同時，我們也應該呼吁周圍的人采取行動。（meanwhile）Meanwhile，we’resupposedtocallonpeoplearoundustotakeaction，too.◎連句成篇請運用恰當的連接詞將以上寫作要點串聯成一篇語意連貫的短文。OurOceans，OurResponsibilityJune8thwasofficiallynamedbytheUNin2009asWorldOceansDay.Itaimstoraisepeople’sawarenessofprotectingoceans.Itgoeswithoutsayingthatoceansplayacriticalroleintheworld.Extendingaboutthreequartersoftheplanet，oceansarecrucialfortheglobalclimate.Inaddition，marinelifealsoprovidesabundantresourcesandfoodforus.It’sourresponsibilitytoprotectoceansinsteadofregardingthemasourpossessionsthatcanbeatthemercyofhumankind.Firstofall，dowhateverwecanwithadvancedtechnologiesinhandtomakeadifference.Forexample，stopthrowinggarbageintooceans.Meanwhile，we’resupposedtocallonpeoplearoundustotakeaction，too.Ibelievewewillhavecleaneroceans.寫作二讀后續(xù)寫——動作描寫之各種"程度"積累背誦仿寫運用單詞further，quite，rather，highly，greatly，fairly，extremely，absolutely，totally，completely，fully，entirely，really，awfully，deeply，partly，slightly，largely，widely，perfectly，badly，enormously，nearly，desperately，enough；severe根據左欄素材完成下列各句1.小男孩完全被弄糊涂了，弄不明白這個故事的含義。于是他請導游進一步解釋。Thelittleboywascompletelypuzzled/confusedandcouldnotfigureouttheimplicationofthestory.Soheaskedtheguidetoexplainfurther.2.她最好的朋友在婚禮上發(fā)表的發(fā)自內心的演講深深地感動了她。Shewasdeeplymovedbytheheartfeltspeechgivenbyherbestfriendatthewedding.3.在街上漫無目的地閑逛了幾個小時后，她感到有點餓了，想要吃點東西。Havingwanderedaimlesslyinthestreetforhours，shefeltalittlehungryandwishedforsomethingtoeat.4.杰克的話使羅絲大為惱火，她非常生氣地喊道："你為什么總是做什么事都這么慢？"Jack’swordsthrewRoseintogreatfuryandshegotextremely/veryangry，shouting"Whyareyoualwayssoslowateverything？"5.他低著頭向老太太道歉："我對此感到非常抱歉。我向你保證，這種事不會再發(fā)生了。"Withhisheaddown，heapologizedtotheoldlady，"I’mterriblysorryaboutit.Iassureyouitwon’thappenagain."詞組alot，abit，alittle，agreatdeal，tosomeextent，inlargepart在很大程度上佳句1.Gracekeptquietbecauseshethoughtshewasnotgoodenoughtoplayforanaudience.格蕾絲保持沉默，因為她認為自己不夠好，不適合為觀眾演奏。2.Theteachersaid，"Sally，youhaveworkedreallyhardandfullydeservethepraiseforyouroutstandingperformance."老師說："薩莉，你學習很努力，你的出色表現完全值得表揚。"3.Shockedanddumb，Gradywasrootedtothegroundforseconds，andthendashedtotheircampdesperately，shoutingforhelpinthemeantime.格雷迪被嚇得目瞪口呆，呆住幾秒鐘，然后拼命沖向他們的營地，同時大聲呼救。4.Obviously，thatexperiencehadaprofoundimpactonmylife.顯然，那次經歷對我的生活產生了深遠的影響。一、閱讀理解A[2024天星原創(chuàng)]Oneoftheocean’snoisiestcreaturesissmallerthanyou’dexpect—snappingshrimp（鼓蝦）.Theycreateawidespreadbackgroundnoiseintheunderwaterenvironment，whichhelpsthemcommunicate，defendterritoriesandhuntforfood.Whenenoughshrimpsnap（發(fā)出噼啪聲）atonce，thenoisecandominatethesoundscapeofcoastalwaters.AranMooney，abiologistatWoodsHoleOceanographicInstitution，suggestedthatwithincreasedoceantemperatures，snappingshrimpwillsnapmoreoftenandlouderthanbefore.Thiscouldraisethebackgroundnoiseoftheglobalocean."Theymakeasoundbyclosingaclawsofast.Thismakesabubble（泡泡）andwhenthatbubbleexplodes，itmakesthatsnappingsound，"saidMooney.Mooneydetectedastrongrelationshipbetweenwarmerwatersanddeafening，morefrequentsnappingshrimpsoundsbyexperimentingwiththeshrimpintanksinthelabandbylisteningtotheshrimpintheoceanatvariouswatertemperatures."Asthetemperaturerises，thesnaprateincreases，"hesaid.Thismakessensebecauseshrimpareessentiallycold-bloodedanimals，meaningtheirbodytemperatureandactivitylevelsarelargelycontrolledbytheirlivingenvironment."Wecanactuallyshowinthefieldthatnotonlydosnapratesincrease，butthesoundlevelsincreaseaswell，"hesaid.Howtheloudersnappingshrimpwouldbotherorbenefitthesurroundingsremainedtobeseen."Weknowthatfishusesoundtocommunicate，"Mooneysaid."Iftheenvironmentgetsnoisy，ithasthepotentialtoinfluencethatcommunication.That’ssomethingwehavetofollowupon."Thereisalsothepossibilitythatthechangeofsnappingshrimpdisturbsinstrumentshumansusetodetectmines，whichcouldhaveimplicationsfornationaldefense.本文是說明文。鼓蝦是一種體型很小卻能發(fā)出很大聲音的海洋生物，隨著氣候變暖及海水升溫，鼓蝦發(fā)出的聲音也日益增大，這可能會影響其他海洋生物和人類。1.Whatcanweknowaboutthesnappingshrimp’ssound？A.Ithasmultipleuses.B.Itisvitaltotheecosystem.C.Itishardtobedetected.D.Itaimstoprotecttheshrimp.解析A細節(jié)理解題。由第一段中的"Theycreateawidespreadbackgroundnoise...whichhelpsthemcommunicate，defendterritoriesandhuntforfood"可知，鼓蝦發(fā)出的聲音有助于它們交流、保衛(wèi)領土和尋找食物，即其聲音有多種作用，故本題選A。2.HowdoesMooneyreachtheconclusion？A.Byobservingsnappingshrimpinthefield.B.Byrecordingsnapratesinthelab.C.Byanalyzingthewayshrimpmakenoise.D.Bycomparingshrimp’ssoundindifferentplaces.解析D推理判斷題。由第三段的"Mooneydetectedastrongrelationshipbetweenwarmerwaters...tanksinthelabandbylisteningtotheshrimpintheoceanatvariouswatertemperatures"可知，Mooney通過實驗室的水箱用鼓蝦做實驗，并聽海洋中各種水溫里的鼓蝦發(fā)出的聲音，發(fā)現了溫暖的水域與震耳欲聾、更頻繁的鼓蝦聲之間的密切關系，即他通過對比不同地點鼓蝦發(fā)出的聲音得出了結論，所以本題選D。3.WhatmightMooneyresearchnext？A.Applicationsofshrimp’ssound.B.Impactsofthenoiseonothercreatures.C.Meansofcommunicationamongfish.D.Methodsofpreventingshrimp’ssnapping.解析B推理判斷題。最后一段提到吵鬧的鼓蝦會如何干擾或有益于周圍環(huán)境還有待觀察。如果環(huán)境變得嘈雜，它有可能影響魚類之間的交流，Mooney認為這是他們必須跟進的研究。還有一種可能性是，鼓蝦發(fā)出的聲音變大會干擾人類用來探測水雷的儀器。由此可推斷，Mooney接下來可能會研究鼓蝦發(fā)出的聲音對其他生物的影響，故本題選B。4.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext？A.UnderwaterWorldIsNoLongerQuietB.SmallAnimalsMakeaBigDifferenceC.WarmingOceansAreGettingLouderD.SnappingShrimp’sNoiseSpeaksMuch解析C標題歸納題。通讀全文內容可知，文章主要介紹了隨著氣候變暖及海水溫度升高，鼓蝦發(fā)出的聲音也日益增大，發(fā)出聲音的頻率也增加，這可能會影響其他海洋生物和人類。C項"變暖的海洋變得更吵鬧"形象貼切地總結了文章內容，做本文的標題最佳。B[2023河南名校聯考]Scientistshavediscoveredwhattheybelieveistheworld’slargestplant，anunderwaterfieldofseagrassthatstretchesfor112milesoffthewestcoastofAustralia.Thishugemeadow（草地）hasspreadwidelyallthroughSharkBay.Theseagrassplantisbelievedtobearound4，500yearsold.Manyplantscreatenewplantsbygrowingflowersandspreadingseeds.TheDNAoftheplantsthatgrowfromtheseseedsisslightlydifferentfromtheDNAoftheplantsthattheseedscamefrom.BycomparingtheDNAfromtheirsamples，thescientistshopedtogetanideaofhowmanydifferentseagrassplantstherewereinthemeadow.Whattheylearnedshockedthem—allofthegrasssampleshadalmostexactlythesameDNA.Thatmeantthattheywerealljustoneplant，onebigseagrassplantspreadingoutover77squaremiles.Thismakesitthelargestknownplantintheworldbyfar.SohowhastheSharkBayseagrassgrownsolarge？Insteadofspreadingwithflowersandseeds，itspreadsbycloning（克?。﹊tself.Asitsrootsspreadoutundertheseafloor，newplantsshootupfromthoseroots.TheseagrassinSharkBayisalsounusualinanotherway.It’sa"polyploid".Usually，anorganism（有機體）hastwoparents，andgetshalfofitsDNAfromeach.ButpolyploidorganismshavealloftheDNAfrombothparents，meaningtheyhavetwiceasmuchDNA.ThescientiststhinktheextraDNAmaymakeiteasierfortheseagrasstosurviveindifficultconditions.TheSharkBayseagrassgenerallygrowsandspreadsabout14inchesayear.BecauseofthehistoryofSharkBayandtherateofgrowth，thescientistsbelievethattheplantisabout4，500yearsold.本文是一篇說明文?？茖W家們發(fā)現了他們認為世界上最大的植物：澳大利亞西海岸綿延1.12英里的一片水下海草田。這片巨大的草地遍布鯊魚灣。這種海草被認為大約有4500年的歷史。1.WhydidthescientistscomparetheDNAoftheseaplants？A.Tofindwaystoprotectseaplants.B.Todiscoverthediversityofseaplants.C.Toidentifytheoldestplantsinthesea.D.Toexploretheunknownoceanresources.解析B細節(jié)理解題。由第二段最后一句"BycomparingtheDNAfromtheirsamples，thescientistshopedtogetanideaofhowmanydifferentseagrassplantstherewereinthemeadow"可知，科學家比較海洋植物的DNA是為了發(fā)現海洋植物的多樣性，故選B。2.WhatcanwelearnabouttheseagrassinSharkBay？A.ItsDNAcannotbecloned.B.Itbloomsandbearsmanyseeds.C.Itsrootsareaconnectedwhole.D.Itisthefastestgrowinggrassintheworld.解析C推理判斷題。由第四段最后一句"Asitsrootsspreadoutundertheseafloor，newplantsshootupfromthoseroots"可推知，鯊魚灣的海草的根是一個相連的整體，故選C。3.Whatisoneoftheadvantagesofpolyploidorganisms？A.Gainingtheabilitytogrowbigger.B.Gettingpartsoftheparents’DNA.C.Havinganadvantageoveranyotherseaplant.D.Beingmoreadaptabletotoughconditions.解析D細節(jié)理解題。由第五段最后一句"ThescientiststhinktheextraDNAmaymakeiteasierfortheseagrasstosurviveindifficultconditions"可知，多倍體生物的優(yōu)點之一是更能適應惡劣的環(huán)境，故選D。4.Whatisthemainideaofthistext？A.Geneticchangesinseagrass.B.Theecologicalstatusoftheseafloor.C.Scientistsfoundworld’slargestplant.D.Newunderwatergrassisdiscovered.解析C主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，第一段第一句"Scientistshavediscoveredwhattheybelieveistheworld’slargestplant，anunderwaterfieldofseagrassthatstretchesfor1.12milesoffthewestcoastofAustralia"為文章的主題句，下面內容是圍繞該句展開的，由此可知，C項切題。二、完形填空Formorethanacentury，fishermeninLaguna，Brazil，havecaughtfishwiththehelpofbottlenosedolphins.Thedolphinspushschoolsoffishinthe1oftheshoreandthenjumpoutofthewater，2tothefishermentorapidlycastouttheirnets.Thefishermenmakealargecatch，and3，thedolphinslookaroundforthefishthathavemissedthefishingnets—aquickandeasymeal！Thisdolphin-human4isespeciallyunique，becauseitis5tobothhumansanddolphins.Accordingtoastudy6withunderwatersoundrecordings，dolphinsoccupiedwiththisrelationshipwithhumansare13％morelikelyto7inthewild.Thisisbecausetheystayneartheshoresoftheoceanandarelesslikelytobe8whenfishingnetsarethrownintotheopenocean.InLaguna，fishingwithfellowdolphinshasbecomea（n）9inmanyfamilies，thoughthedolphinsarenot10trainedforthispurpose.Fromtheir11，fishermenpassontheirknowledgetotheirchildren，teachingthemto12withtheirpartnersthroughclickingnoisesandhowtodistinguishdolphinbehaviors.Interestingly，thisisnotthefirsttimehumansandotherspeciesofanimalshave13tohuntforfoodtogether.InAfrica，thehoneyguides，asmallbirdspeciesthat14onbeeswax，uselargenoisesandcallstocommunicate，leadinghumanstotreeswherebees’nestsare15.Researchershopethatfuturegenerationswillbeabletocarryonthisspecialtradition.本文主要介紹了巴西Laguna的漁民和海豚合作捕魚的共生現象。1.A.form B.centerC.direction D.position解析C海豚把成群的魚向海岸的方向（direction）驅趕，然后跳出水面，示意漁民們快速撒下他們的網，故選C。2.A.reporting B.promisingC.answering D.signaling解析D參見上題解析。signal示意，發(fā)出信號。3.A.inreturn B.inbalanceC.inbrief D.inadvance解析A漁民們捕獲了大量的魚，作為回報（inreturn），海豚四處尋找漏網的魚——一頓容易且快捷的飯。4.A.interaction B.interruptionC.instruction D.education解析A由第一段"Formorethanacentury，fishermeninLaguna，Brazil，havecaughtfishwiththehelpofbottlenosedolphins"以及第二段的具體描述可知，此處指的是海豚和人類的互助合作關系，故選A。5.A.restricted B.beneficialC.dangerous D.challenging解析B這種海豚和人類的互助合作是獨一無二的，因為這是對人類和海豚都有益的（beneficial）事情，故選B。restricted受限制的，dangerous危險的，challenging有挑戰(zhàn)性的。6.A.designed B.conductedC.prepared D.observed解析B根據一項用水下錄音進行（conducted）的研究，忙于與人類互助的海豚在野外活下來的可能性增加了百分之十三，故選B。design設計，prepare準備，observe觀察。7.A.survive B.developC.suffer D.exist解析A參見上題解析。survive幸存。8.A.doubted B.controlledC.harmed D.shocked解析C這是因為它們待在海岸附近，當漁網被扔進海洋里時被傷害（harmed）到的可能性更小，故選C。9.A.fashion B.traditionC.information D.impression解析B由第一段"Formorethanacentury，fishermeninLaguna，Brazil，havecaughtfishwiththehelpofbottl