專四50組近義詞辨析

在學(xué)習(xí)英語詞匯中，有時(shí)同義詞的辨析是很不容易的，我們

一般從三方面進(jìn)行區(qū)分，即：語法、語義和文體。語法主要

是詞性、搭配、句式等的區(qū)分；語義主要是詞義的本義、引

申義、比喻義和內(nèi)涵和外延等的區(qū)分；文體主要是正式和非

正式、褒義和貶義等的區(qū)分。

1潞

way:Whereverthereisroomforanobjecttoproceed,thereis

away.

road:Aroadisapreparedwayfortravelingwithhorsesor

vehicles.

path:Awaysuitabletobetraveledonlybyfootpassengersor

byanimals.

route:Arouteisalineoftravel,andmaybeovermanyroads.

street:Astreetisinsomecentreofhabitation,asacitytownor

village,whenitpassesbetweenhousesofdwellings.

avenue:Aavenueisalong,broadandimposing（莊嚴(yán)）or

principalstreet.

2.時(shí)代（期）（時(shí)期）

period:Itindicatesanypassageoftime,greatorsmall,/an

extentoftimeofanylength.（時(shí)代）

time（s）:Itreferstoaperiodinhistory,inancienttimes/in

Victoriatime（新時(shí)代）

epoch:Itindicatesalongperiodoftimemarkedbyeventsor

developmentofaparticularkind.

Thefirstflightintospacemarkedanewepochinthehistoryof

mankind.（紀(jì)元）

era:Itreferstoaverylongperiodoftimemarkedbya

particularfeatureinagreatneweraofworldrevolution（時(shí)期）

age:Itshowsaparticular/afairlydefiniteperiodinhistory,the

BronzeAge,IronAge

3戰(zhàn)斗（打仗）

fight:Itisabodilystruggle（奮斗斗爭(zhēng)）

struggle:Aneffortofanykindtoovercomedifficulty.（戰(zhàn)斗）

battle:Afightbetweenarmedforces.（戰(zhàn)役）

campaign:Aseriesofrelatedmilitaryoperationsinawar.（戰(zhàn)

爭(zhēng)）

war:Aperiodoffightbetweencountriesorstateswhen

weaponsareusedandmanypeoplearekilled.（對(duì)抗）

combat:Afight,conflict,controversy.

4.牧師（教士牧師）#

priest:Aperson,esp.amanspeciallytrainedforvarious

religiousdutiesandceremonies,intheChristianchurch,esp.in

theRomanCatholicchurch(牧師)

minister:Amemberofclergy,esp.Protestantchurches.(牧師)

clergy(pl):Theofficiallyappointedleaderofthereligious

activitiesofaparticularchurchortemple.

clergyman:clergymen(pl)amemberofclergy.(牧師)

pastor:AChristianreligiousleaderinchargeofachurchandits

members,esp.inaProtestantchurch.(教區(qū)牧師)

vicar:Apriestinchargeofanarea(parish)inthechurchof

England.

father:Alittleofrespectforapriest,esp.intheRoman

Catholic.

5.服裝

clothing(collect):(fml)Generaltermofclothes.

clothes(nosingle):Coveringsofthebodysuchascoats,dresses,

suits,shoes,hats.

garment(fl):Asuitofclothesusedbyactors./asinglearticleof

clothing.

costume:1)Thefashionofdresspeculiartoapeople,nation,

class,period,etc.

2)Adresswornbyactorsinaplay,uniform:wornby

allmembersofthecommunity.

dress:1）Akindofoutergarmentwornbywomen（連衣裙）.

2）wornonspecialoccasions（禮服）eveningdress/

morningdress

suit:Asetofouterclothestobeworntogether,evening

suit/swimmingsuit

coat:Agarmentwithsleeveswornontopofotherclothesfrom

rain,heat,etc.

overcoat:Awarncoatworninthestreet.

6.哭

cry:Themostgeneralone.

（哭泣）weep:Toletflowtears.

（抽泣抽嗒）sob:Toweeporsighwithshortquickbreaths.

（哭天抹淚涕淚交流）snivel:Tosniffleandcryinairritating

manner.

（哭嚎又哭又鬧）blubber:Tocryloudlynoisily.

（發(fā)出低聲報(bào)怨聲）whine:Tomakealowcomplainingcry.

（嚎哭）bawl:Toutterloudcries（alwaysinbadsense）.

（痛哭）wail:Tocryaloudfrompainorsorrow.

（□申吟）moan:Tomakealow,miserablesoundinpainor

sorrow.

(呻吟)grown:Tomakealowsoundofpain,unhappinessor

disapproval

(哀悼)mourn:Tofeelorshowsadnessorsorrowforsomeone

whohasdied.

(哀悼)lament:Toexpressgreatsorroworregret.

7.美麗漂元

good-looking:Havinganattractiveappearanceinastrong,

healthywayusedformenandwomennotthings.

beautiful:(awomanorathing)Suggestingsymmetryof

featuresorperfectionofproportion,eleganceandmobility,

beautifulflowers,abeautifulgirl/voice/city/facebeautiful

weather.

handsome:Ofattractiveappearanceappliestomen.a

handsomefellow/actor/horse/buildings/youngman.

pretty:(agirl,orasmallthing)Suggestinglivelinessand

sweetness,pleasingornicetolookat.aprettylittle

woman/garden,aprettygirl/picture/pieceofmusic,

lovely:(something)Sobeautifulthatitmakesyoufeelgoodto

lookatitoreventothinkaboutit.Thegardenlookslovely.

fair:Beautiful(ofwomaninpoet)lightincoloresp.,skinhair,

gorgeous:(personsorthings)(inf)Extremelybeautifulor

handsome.

8.拉拖

pull:Themostgeneralone.

draw:Itimpliesasmoother,steadiermotionandgenerallya

lighterforcethanpull.

drag:Itusuallyreferstohorizontalmotionormotionupan

incline(slope)anditsuggestslaboriouseffortsoverrough

groundoragainstfriction,resistanceorgravity.Theescaped

prisonerwasdraggedoutofhishidingplace.

haul:Itimpliescontinuouspullingordraggingofheavyor

bulkyobjects.Thefishermanishaulinganet.

tug:Itappliestohardoftensuddenviolentefforttopull.He

tuggedatmysleevetoaskdirections.

jerk:Topullsuddenly.Hejerkedouttheknifethatwasstuck

inthewound.

tow:Topullbyaropeorchain.Wetowedthecartothenearest

garage.

wrench:Topullhardwithatwistingorturningmovement.

9.旋轉(zhuǎn)turn:Themostgeneralone.

(自轉(zhuǎn))spin:Toturnquicklyaroundacentralpoint.It

emphasizesthecontinuityoftheaction,andusuallythenarrow

extentofthecircularmotion.Thewheelisspinningonitsaxis.

（急轉(zhuǎn)）whirl:Toroundveryfast.Itimpliesthelockof

consciouscontrol.

（轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)）rotate:Toturnroundafixedpointwithacircular

movement.Theearthrotatesonceevery24hours.

（繞轉(zhuǎn)）revolve:Toturnormoveinacirclearoundacentral

point.Itindicatescircularorelliptical（橢圓）movement.The

planetsrevolvearoundthesun.

10.生氣氣憤

anger:Themostgeneralone.

（易怒）becross:Feelingeasytogetangry.

（憤慨）indignation:（fml）Anger.Itstressesrighteousangerat

whatoneconsidersunfair,meanorshameful.

Weexpressedourindignationat

theruthlessexploitation.

（憤怒）wrath:Verytreatanger.（literary）Itsuggestsadesireon

intenttorevengeorpunish.

（狂怒）rage:Wild,violentanger.Itsuggestslossofself-control

fromviolenceofemotion,inarage/tofallintoarage.

（暴怒）fury:Violent,extremeanddestructiveanger.Sheflew

intoafury.

11.錯(cuò)誤

（誤會(huì)）mistake:Awrongthought,act.Itimpliescarelessness.

Anyonecanmakeamistake.

（過錯(cuò)弱點(diǎn)）fault:Abadpoint,butnotofaseriousmoralkind.

Itreferstobehaviorandcharacter.Hisonlyfaultisthathelacks

ambition.

findfaultwithsb/atfault

shortcoming:weakness,failing;Itreferstofailuresor

deficienciesinthingsaswellaspeople.

InspiteofallhershortcomingsIstillthinkshe's

oneofthebestteachersintheschool.

（疏忽）error:Amistake（formalsometimesliterary）Itimplies

deviationfromastandardormodel

Theaccidentwascausedbyhumanerror.

（缺點(diǎn)毛病）defect:sthlackingorimperfect.Itrefersto

quality.

Theradiowasreturnedbecauseofadefect.

佚誤過失）blunder:Averystupidorunnecessarymistake.It

impliesignorance.

Thisisthefatalblunderofhislife.

12.圖畫

picture:Themostgeneralone.

（彩圖）painting:pictureswithcolor.

（繪畫圖畫）drawing:Apicturemadewithapen,penciland

crayon.Sketch,diagramsandgraphsarealldrawings.

（草圖）sketch:Aroughnotdetaileddrawing.

（圖解圖表）diagram:Adrawing,figurethatshowsthe

arrangementofsomething.

（曲線圖）graph:Adiagraminwhichastraightline,curved,or

zigzaglineshowshowtwosetsofnumbersormeasurementsare

related.

（插圖）illustration:Apicturetogowithwordsofabook.

（圖樣草圖）draft:Thefirstroughwrittenformofanything.

（平面圖）plan:Alinedrawingofabuildingasitmightbeen

seenfromabove.

（主視圖）elevation:Aflatuprightsideofabuilding.

（海圖）chart:Amapesp.adetailedmapofaseaarea.

13.特別

（專門的,與眾不同的）special:Differentinsomewayfrom

whatiscommon,ordinary,orusual.Itstresseshavingaquality,

character,identity,oruseofitsown.Thetubecontainsspecial

gases.

（特別的）especial:（fml）Toanusuallygreatdegree,exceptional;

Itemphasizestheimportanceofthethingsorthe

personsmentioned;Thisisa

matterofespecialimportance.

（個(gè)別的）particular:Relatingorbelongingtoonlyonethingor

person.Itstressesthedistinctnessofsomethingasan

individualwhichisworthnotice.

Inthatparticularcase,theruledoesn'thold.（適用）

（特種的）specific:Detailedandexact,clearinmeaningand

explanation,fixed,determined.（usedinscientific

articles）Itimpliesaqualityor

characterdistinguishingakindoraspecies.

Hegavemeaveryspecific

instruction.Thereisaspecifictoolforeachjob.

（獨(dú)特的）peculiar:Strangeorperhapsunpleasant.Itimplies

strangeness.Hehasapeculiarwayofspeaking.

14.取消消滅

（取消解除）cancel:Togiveup,todeclaresomethingistobe

effective.Hehascancelledhisleaveofabsence.（消假）

（廢除廢止）abolish:Todoawaywith.Itreferstopractices,

socialinstitutions.Badcustomsshouldbeabolished.

（消滅排除）eliminate:Togetridof.Weshouldeliminatethe

falseandretainthetrue.

（撤消廢除）repeal:Tobringtoanendoftheeffectofalawor

anorder.Somelawsshouldberepealed.

（根除消滅）exterminate:Todestroycompletelyandwholly.

Colonialismmustbeexterminated.

6破碎

break:Themostgeneralone.

（壓碎壓破）crush:Topresstogetherviolentlyastobreak,to

destroyitsshapebysqueezingit.Itsuggeststheeffectofgreat

externalpressure.Thetreefellontopofthecarandcrushedit.

（打碎）smash:Tobreakthoroughlytopieceswithacrushing

sound.Shedroppedtheplateandsmashedit.

（打裂）crack:Tobreakwithoutseparationofparts.Itsuggests

thebreakingoutacrossasurface.Hecrackedthewindowby

leaningagainstit.

（破裂）burst:Tobreakopenbypressurefromwithin.The

fireworksburstwhiletheywereintheair.

（砸碎破碎）shatter:Tobreakintopieces.Itsuggeststhe

breakingupofathinsurface.Theglasswasshatteredtopieces.

（撞壞）crash:Torefertothevehiclewhichhitssomethingand

isbadlydamaged.

16.環(huán)境形勢(shì)

（環(huán)境形勢(shì)）conditions:Thelocationandotherfactorslikelyto

affectit.Itsuggestssomethingthathasstayedthesameforsome

timeandwhichaffectsdailylifesuchasfood,work,andhouses.

Wearenowstudyingtheeconomicconditionsinthedeveloping

countries.

（形勢(shì)）situation:Apositionorstateataparticulartime,setof

conditions,facts,andeventshavinganeffectonaperson,

society,etc.Itsuggestsmoregeneralmatterssuchas

governmentplanningandfinance.Thepoliticalsituationin

thesecountriesarealwayschanging.

（環(huán)境周圍外界）environment:Thecircumstances,things

andconditionsthatinfluenceyou.Itreferstospiritaspect,

physicalaspectandmaterialaspect.Wemusttrytobeautifyour

environment.

（形勢(shì)情況）circumstance（s）:Asituationoreventaroundus,a

certainkindofatmosphere,theconditionsthataffectwhat

happens,in（under）thecircumstances

(環(huán)境周圍事物)surrounding(s):Theareaandenvironment

aroundaplaceorperson.Itindicatesaverynarrowcondition,

"physically"sometimesreflectsspiritualaspect.Theylivedin

hostilesurroundings.

17.著名的

well-known:(infl)

famous:Themostgeneralone.widelyknownorhonored.

(杰出的知名的)distinguished:Great,outstandingmarkedby

excellentqualityordeservedfame,usedespeciallyofpeople

whoarefamousforseriousworkinscience,theartsetc.Hewas

adistinguishedwriter.

(馳名的)celebrated:Famous,(substituteforrenowned)It

refersobjectivelytosborsomethingthathasbeengiveacclaim

orhonouredwithawardsorprizes.Shewasacelebratedactress,

renowned:Highlyhonoredandfamousforsomethinggood,

oftenreferstoplacesorthings,alsoItsuggestssomethingthat

hasbecomelegendaryorisnolongeravailableforanobjective

evaluation.Edisonwasrenownedforhisinventions.

noted:Well-knownandadmiredItoftendescribesamore

intellectualkindofeffortandaccomplishmentindicatingan

authorityorexpertortheirtheories.Maybeitisnotwidely

knowntothegeneralpublic.Hewasaverynotedexpert.

（臭名昭著）notorious:Famousforsomethingbad.Heis

notoriousforhiscrimes.

18.強(qiáng)盜

thief:Themostgeneralone.

（強(qiáng)盜）robber:Itsuggestsadirectconfrontationinwhichthe

ownerisforcedtogiveuphisvaluables.

（行兇強(qiáng)劫）mugger:Apersonwhoattacksandrobspeopleina

streetorinalift.

burglar:Apersonwhobreaksintoahouseatnighttosteal

something.

（歹徒暴徒）gangster:Amemberofagroupofcriminals,esp.

thosewhoarearmedandusegunstothreaten.

（匪徒）bandit:anarmedrobber.Itsuggestsanorganizedgroup

inaruralsetting.

（土匪）brigand:Arobberwholivesbyrobbingtravelersinthe

country.

（海盜）pirate:Apersonwhorobsonthesea.

19.搖動(dòng)，顫動(dòng)

shake:Themostgeneralone.tomoveupanddownorbackand

forth.Itreferstopersonsorthings.

（發(fā)抖）quiver:Totremblealittle.Itsuggestsarapidbut

invisiblevibration.Hislipsquiveredwithemotion.

（顫抖）tremble:Toshakeuncontrollablyandslightlyasfrom

fear,cold,excitementetc.Itimpliesuneasinessandnervousness.

Hervoicetrembledasshebegantosing.

（瞬間發(fā)抖）shiver:Totremblefromfearorcold.Itsuggestsa

slightandrapidmovement.Hestoodshiveringinthesnow.

（極度顫動(dòng)）quake:toshakeortrembleviolently.Itsuggestsa

moreviolentandsuddenchange.Hequakedwithexcitement.

Anexplosioncammakethegroundquake.

（抽筋般顫動(dòng)）shudder:Toshakeuncontrollablyfora

movement.Itsuggestsamoreintenseshaking.Sheshudderedat

thesightofasnake.

20.說話談話

（說話）speak:Touseyourvoicetosaywords.

（說）say:Tospeakwords.

（發(fā)出聲音）utter:Tomakesoundandsaywords.

drawl:Tospeakinaslow,prolongedmanner.

mutter:Toexpressdispleasurewithcompressedlips.

rave:Totalkinanangry,uncontrolledway.

gabble:Totalkrapidly,makinginarticulatesounds.

（談?wù)摚﹔emark:Tomentionitorcommentonit.

（陳述）state:Tosay,expressorputintowords,esp.formally.

Hestatedhisview.

（講述）narrate:Totellformallyinwritingorspeechordescribe

somethinginorderwithintonation.Henarratedhisadventurein

theforest.

（詳述）relate:Totellformallyindetails,togiveanaccountof.

Herelatedhisexperiences.

（講演）address:Tosayinspeechorwritingtoapersonor

group.

tell:Toletpeopleknowaboutsomething.

talk:Tosaythingstosomeone.

converse:Totalkformally.Thescholarsareconversingwith

eachotheronlinguistics.

chat:Totalkinafriendly,familiar,informalmanner.Thetwo

friendssatinacornerandchatted.

chatter:Totalkcontinuouslyrapidlyaboutsmallthings.The

schoolgirlswentalongchattering.

whisper:Totalkinalowvoice.Shewhisperedmenottotalkso

loudly.

murmur:Tomakeasoftsound,esp.tospeakorsayinaquiet

voice.Heoftenmurmurstohimself.

（閑談）gossip:Totalkaboutthedetailsofotherpeople'sactions

andprivateliveswhichmaynotcorrectorproper.

Thatwomanisveryfondofgossipingaboutothers.

stammer:Tospeakwithpausesandrepeatedsoundsbecauseof

excitement,embarrassment.

stutter:Tospeakwithpausesandrepeatedsoundsbecauseof

inherentspeechdefect.

21.事情，事件

（事）thing:Anevent,afact,asubject.Hetalkedofmany

interestingthings.

（事情）matter:Seththatyouhavetodealwith,somethingtobe

discussed,thoughtover.Thereareseveralmatterstobedealt

withatthemeeting.

（事務(wù)責(zé)任）business:Aspecialduty,somethingthathastobe

done.Publicbusinessiseveryone'sbusiness.

（事務(wù)）affair:Aneventorsetofconnectedevents,（pl）private

andpersonallife.Ihavemanyaffairstolookafter.

（事件）event:Animportanthappening.Eventssuchasbirthdays

andanniversariesareoftencelebrated.Doyouknowthechief

eventsof1986.

incident:Notasimportantasanevent.Incidentsseldomare

celebrated.Sometimesaneventbecomesanincidentaftermany

yearshavepassed.

（偶然事件）happening:Anoccurrence,andsometimesan

unusualone.Therehavebeenstrangehappeningsherelately.

（偶發(fā)事件）occurrence:Anincidentthatisusuallyunexpected

andhasnotbeenplannedaheadoftime.Floodispracticallyan

annualoccurrenceinthisdistrict.

22.承認(rèn)

admit:Toagreetothetruthof,usu,somethingbad.Itsuggests

reluctanceorpossibleobjection.Headmittedhiscrime/stealing.

（自白供認(rèn)）confess:Toadmitguiltastoacrimeorastoa

shortcoming,inthesenseofmakingknowntoothersone'sown

errororwrongdoing.Heconfessedhisfault/doingsomething

wrong.

acknowledge:toagreethetruthof,recognizethefactor

existenceofwhathavesaidordone,goodorbad.Itemphasizes

openlyinaembarrassingorawkwardandusuallynotvoluntary

way.Iacknowledgedmysignature/mistakes/errors/havingbeen

defeated.

grant:Toadmitortoagreesomethingistrue.Igrantedhis

request/hishonesty,takesth/sbforgranted.

concede:Toadmitastrue,justorproperoftenunwillingly

becauseofoverwhelmingevidence.Iconcededyouthatpoint,

butIstillthinkyouarewrong.

recognize:Toacceptoracknowledgeit.Itreferstosomething

aboutlawanddiplomacy.Thenewregimewasrecognizedby

China.

23.走路

walk:Themostgeneralone.

stride:Towalkwithlongsteps.Hestrodethroughthestationa

fewminutesbeforethetrainleft.

（高視闊步）stalk:Towalkstiffly,slowly,andproudlywithlong

steps.

trot:Tojog,movequickly,usureferstohorses.

（蹣跚而行）waddle:Towalkfromsidetosidewithshortsteps

likeaduck.Thefatmanwaddledoutoftheroom.

（蹣跚）stagger:Towalkunsteadily,slideanddragthefeet

almostfallingateachstep,usuallybecauseofillness,injuryor

drink.Afterdrinkingtoomuch,hestaggeredinthestreet.

（搖擺蹣跚）totter:Towalkunsteadilyshowinggreatweakness

oftenusedofveryyoungchildrenlearningtowalk.Thechild

totteredbeforehisparents.

（拖著腳走）shuffle:Tomovewithoutliftingthefeetclearofthe

floorasifwearingslippers.Theoldmanshuffledalongthe

road.

（趾高氣揚(yáng)地走）strut:Towalkinaproudstrongway,esp.with

thechestoutandtryingtolookimportant.

（慢行）amble:Towalkataneasygentlerate.Itstressesa

leisurelybutregularmovement.

（閑逛）stroll:Towalk,esp.slowly,forpleasure.Itemphasizesa

slowermovement,morewanderingandaimlesswith

suggestionsofmanystartsandpauses.Theyarestrolling

throughthispark.

saunter:Alittlemoreformalthanstroll.

（漫步徘徊）wander:Tomoveaboutwithoutafixedcourse,

aim,orpurpose.Hewaswanderingabout/down/through/upand

downthestreet.

（漫游）roam:Towanderwithasveryclearaim.Itsuggestsa

moreseriouspurposebehindtheirregularofcircularmovement

incompleteforgetfulnessoftime.Theloversroamed

around/throughthefields.

（跋涉）trudge:Towalkheavilyandwearilywitheffortaswhen

one（plod）istired.Thehunterwastrudgingthroughthedeep

snow.

（重步行走）tramp:Towalkwithfirmheavysteps.Whohas

beentrampingalloverthecarpetinmuddyshoes.

（扭扭捏捏地走）mince:Towalkwithlittleshortstepsinan

affectedmanner.Itwasafunnysighttoseehermincealong.

slouch:Towalkinaloose,ungainly（不雅觀）way.

hustle:Towalkinabusy,activeway.

24.跳

jump:Themostgeneralone.tothrowoneselfintotheair.

（跳起）leap:（literary）Tospringthroughtheair,oftenlandingin

adifferentplace.Theboyleapedoverthebrookwithout

difficulty.

（跳躍）spring:Toleapsuddenlyandquickly.Hesprangtohis

feetatthesuddennoise.

（跳著跑）bound:Tospringlightlyalong.Itsuggestshighspirits

andexcitement.Hisdogboundedtomeetme.

（輕快地跑）skip:Tomoveinaslightdancingway,aswith

quickstepsandjumps.Thelittlegirlskippedathermother's

side.

hop:Tojumpononeleg.Theboyhadhurthislegandhadto

hopalong.

vault:Toleapoversomethingusingthehandsorapole.You

canvaultafencebyputtingyourhandsonitandswinging

yourselfover.

hurdle:Tojumpoversomethingwhilerunning.Thehorse

hurdledthefenceandranintothewoods.

25.特點(diǎn)特征

quality:Themostgeneralone.

（特點(diǎn)）characteristic:Qualitytypicalofaparticularperson

andthing,aspecialandeasilyrecognizedqualityofsb/sth.It

hasmanyscientificortechnicaluses.Itimpliesneutral

descriptioninreferringtoanyaspectofsomethingwithout

evaluatingitsrelativeimportancetothewhole.Auseful

characteristicofthecatisitsabilitytocatchandkillmice.

（特征）character:Thecombinationofqualitieswhichmakea

particularperson,thing,place,etc.Atendencynottoshow

emotionsissupposedtobepartoftheBritishnationalcharacter.

（性質(zhì)）nature:Thequalitiesmakesomeoneorsomething

differentfromothers.Itindicatesthewidestrangeoftraits,

includingemotional,mentalandphysicalqualities.Itisonly

humannaturetolikemoney.

（特征）attribute:Aqualitybelongingtoorformingpartofthe

matureofapersonorthing.Thewordispositiveratherthan

negative.Darknessisanattributeofnight.

（特性）peculiarity:Thequalityofbeingpeculiar,strangeness,

unusualness.Itshowsanunpleasantattributethatisquite

noticeable.Oneofhispeculiaritiesisthathistwoeyesarenot

thesamesize.

（特色）feature:Atypicalandnoticeablepartorquality.It

suggestssomethingpositiveandspecifically.Itrefersto

physicalappearance.Alakeisanimportantfeatureinthisarea.

（品質(zhì)特性）trait:Aparticularqualityofsb/sth.Itrefersto

moreabstractattributes.Honestyanddiligencearethechief

traitsofhischaracter.

（個(gè)性）personality:Thewholenatureorcharacterofa

particularperson.Itreferstothewholeindefinableemotional

colorationthataspecificpersongivesoff.Hehasastrong

personality.

26.增加

increase:Tomakeorbecomelargerinamountornumber,it

referstoquantityorintensityaswellassize.Thepopulationof

thiscountyhasincreased.

add:Toputtogetherwithsomethingelsesoastoincreasethe

numbersize,importance.Headdedsomewoodtoincreasethe

fire.

（擴(kuò)大）enlarge:Togrownlargerorwider.Iwanttoenlargethis

photograph/house.

（放大）magnify:Tomakesomethingappearlargerthanin

reality,esp.bymeansofalens.Youhavemagnifiedtheperil.

（擴(kuò)充）amplify:Tomakelargeorfuller,esp.givefuller

information,moredetailsetc.toamplifyaradiosignal/sound.

augment:（fml）Tobecomelargerorgreater.Itemphasizesthe

actionofaddition.Heaugmentedhisincomebywritingsome

shortstories.

（擴(kuò)展擴(kuò)張）expand:Toincreaseinrangescopeorvolumeas

wellasinsize.Ironexpandswhenitisheated.

（力口長(zhǎng)）extend:Tomakelongerinspaceortime,toextenda

railway.Can'tyouextendyourvisitforafewdays.

27.笑

（微笑）smile:Thecomersofyourmouthmoveoutwardsand

slightlyupwards.Hesmileshisconsent./withsatisfaction.

（大笑）laugh:Tomakeanoisetoshowone'samusementand

happiness.Youcanlaughatajokeoratanamusingsight.You

canlaughatsomeonewithoutbeingamused.Theyalllaughed

loudly.

（露齒而笑）grin:Tosmilewiththeteeth.Theboygrinnedfrom

eartoearwhenIgavehimasweet.

（暗笑含笑）chuckle:Tolaughquietly.Icouldhearhim

chucklingtohimselfashereadthatfunnyarticle.

（咯咯笑）giggle:Tolaughrepeatedlyfoolishlyand

uncontrollably,esp.bygirls.IheardthemgigglewhenIpassed

bythegirls.

（竊笑暗笑）snicker:Tolaughinadisrespectfulmoreorless

secretway.Onhearinghisabsurdopinion,Iwentsnickering.

（假笑癡笑）simper:Tosmileinasillyunnaturalway.WhenI

toldhimthething,hesimplysimpered.

（得意的笑）smirk:Tosmileinafalseortoosatisfiedway.He

smirkedateveryonethatpassed.

（竊笑）titter:Tolaughveryquietlyfromnervousnessorbadly

controlledamusement.Thegirlstitteredwhentheyheardthis.

（狂笑）guffaw:Tolaughloudlyandrudely.AJ1thepeople

guffawedathissillywords.

（哄笑）roar:Tolaughlongandloudly.Theyroaredafterthey

heardthejoke.

（歡笑）chortle:Togivealaughofpleasureorsatisfaction.He

chortledwithdelightwhenItoldhimthenews.

（笑罵）taunt:Totrytomakesbangry,orupsetbymaking

unkindremarks,laughingatfaultsorfailures.Theytauntedher

withherinabilitytoswim.

（嘲笑嘲弄）ridicule:Tolaughunkindlyatortomakeunkind

funof.Theyallridiculedtheidea.

（譏笑）deride:Tolaughatormakefunofasofnovalue,/to

mockatsomeonewithcontemptTheyallderidedhis

foolishness.

（嘲弄）mock:Tolaughatsb（sth）whenitiswrongtodoso,esp.

bycopyinginafunnyorcontemptuousway.Thestudents

mockedtheseriousnessofhisexpression.

twit:（infl）Tomakefunofsbbecauseofbehavior,amistake,a

fault,etc.Hetwittedherwithhertimidity.

（嘲笑輕蔑地笑）scoff:Tolaughat,tospeakoract

disrespectfully./Tospeakinscornfulmockingway.Itwasa

greatinventionbutatfirstmanypeoplescoffedatit.

（戒弄）chaff:（infl）Tomakefunofsbinagood-humoredway.

HechaffedthemanabouthismistakesinspeakingEnglish.

（譏笑）jeer:Tolaughrudelyat/toinsultsbinaloud,unpleasant

way.Theyalwaysjeeratthepriests.

gibeQibe）:Tolaughatwiththeintentionofhurtingthefeeling

withsarcasticremarks.Don'tgibeatherbehavioruntilyou

knowthereasonforit.

（譏笑冷笑）sneer:Toexpressprouddislikebyakindofusu,

one-sidesmileortoshowscornorcontemptbylooks.She

sneeredatthefurnitureinhisneighbor'shome.

joke:Tomakefunof.Youmustn'tjokewithhimaboutreligion.

（取笑）jest:Toactorspeakplayful,notseriously.Don'tjest

aboutseriousthings.

（戲弄）banter:Tospeak,oractplayfullyorjokingly.We

banteredhimonthesubjectofmarriage.

（輕視）scorn:Tolookdownupon.

28.瘋

mad:Showingthatonehasamanitaillnesswhichoftencauses

themtobehaveinstrangeway.

crazy:（infl）Verystrangeorfoolish.

psychotic:Themostpreciseone.usedbypsychiatrists.

insane:Notsoundinmind.Usedinscientificarticles.

lunatic:（oldderog）wildlyfoolish.

demented:Itindicatessb'smentalityhasdegeneratedfroma

preciouslevel.

maniac:（n）Amadpersonwhoisviolentanddangerous.

29.味道

smell:Themostgeneralone.Itreferstosomethingpleasantor

unpleasant.

odo(u)r:(fml)Moreusedinscientificarticles.

fragrance:Asweetorpleasantsmell.Itreferstoflowersand

stressesadelicatesmellfromplants.Thoseroseshavea

delightfulfragrance.

scent:Asmellesp.leftbyananimals,anpleasantsmell.Our

doglostthefox'sscent.

perfume:Asweetorpleasantsmell.Itreferstoeithernatural

smelloraman-madesmellandstressesastrongandrichsmell

comparedwithfragrance

aroma:Astrongusupleasantsmell,oftenaspicysmell.

flavor:Theparticularqualityoftastinggoodorpleasantly

strong.Thebreadhasn'tmuchflavor.

savor:Thesmelloffoodbytheprocessesofcooking.Themeat

hadcookedtoolongan