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UnitFourGlobalWarming
Globalwarming:thereasons
Arisingpopulationisoneofthemainreasonsthatthereisglobalwarming.Injusta
thirdofthetimethepopulationrosebymorethanfivetimeswhatitdidbefore.Itis
expectedthatthistrendinthechangingpopulationwillcontinueandcouldevenheighten.
Thegrowingpopulationrequiresincreasingamountsofenergy.Theseenergydemandsand
othersuppliesrequireproduction,whichalmostalwaysinvolvestheemissionof
greenhousegases.Themorethepopulationincreasesthemoregreenhousegasesthatare
producedandthegreatertheincreaseintemperature.
Theburningoffossilfuelsisoneofthemostinfamouscausesforglobalwarming.The
majorreasonforfossilfuelscontributingsomuchtoglobalwarmingisthereleaseof
carbonthatoccursduringthecombustionoffossilfuels.Whenfossilfuelsburn,they
releaselargeamountsofcarbonbywayofthereleaseofcarbondioxide.
Anothersourceofcarbondioxidecomesfromdeforestation(砍伐森林).Inforests
thereisanenormousamountofcarbonthatisstoredinthetreesandotherplants.This
carbonisoutoftheatmospherebecausethetreesconsumethecarbonfromcarbondioxide.
Whenthesetreesarecutdown,theyarefrequentlyburned.Thisburningreleasesthe
carbondioxideintotheatmospherethatwasstoredinorganicmatter.
Anuncommonlyrecognizedsourceofglobalwarmingisfromtheagriculturalindustry.
Ricepaddiesareanexampleofacropthathasclimaticimpacts.Thericepaddiesemit
methanewhichisoneofthegreenhousegases.Fertilizersthatareusedforcropsemit
anothergreenhousegas,nitrousoxide.
Anotherfeedbackmechanismistheonethatiscausedbythevaporizationofwater.
Thewarmerthattheearthis,themorewatervaporizesfromtheoceanstoclouds.The
increasedamountofvapourintheatmospherewillaffecttheearth?stemperaturebutitis
notcompletelyknownhow.
Thisunitlooksatsomeoftheenvironmentalproblemsfacingtheworldtoday.
Althoughonlyafewissuesarecovered.Thereadingtextsdealwithglobalwarming,
savingenergy,andlittering.Itishopedthatstudentswillbecomemoreawareof
environmentalissuesthroughdoingthisunitanddevelopfurthertheirsenseof
responsibilitytowardstheenvironment.
Fossilfuel:Ancientanimalandplantmaterialbelowthesurfaceoftheearthwitha
highcarbondioxidecontent,suchascoal,oilandnaturalgas,whichcanbeburntto
produceenergy.Alsoknownasnon-renewableenergybecauseoncetheyareusedthey
havegoneforever,theycannotberenewed.
Thereadingpassageisintheformofanarticlefromanenvironmentalmagazinefor
youngpeople.Itisadiscussionandputsforwarddifferentpointsofviewabouttheeffect
ofincreasedcarbondioxideintheatmosphere,thecausesoftheearth'sincrease
temperatureandthepossibleeffects.Itposesquestionsandencouragesstudentstothink
abouttheissues.Therearegraphsthatillustratepointsandgiveevidence.
Vocabularyusefulphrases:graph,data,flood,tendency,contribution,state,random任
意的,nuclear,phenomenon,tend,subscribe捐贈(zèng),訂閱,簽署文件,quantity,trend,
consequence,circumstances環(huán)境,情況,advocate擁護(hù),提倡,主張,outer,fuel,catastrophe
大災(zāi)難,浩劫,range,disagreement,,refresh,average,glance,casual,widespread,
consume,consumer,oppose,opposed,environmentalist,existence,growth,electrical,
commitment,commit,educator,educate,comeabout,subscribeto,quantitiesof,goup,
resultin,beopposedto,evenif,keepon,putupwith,solongas,onthewhole,andsoon,
onbehalfof.
Grammar:
It的用法(Theuseof"it")
強(qiáng)調(diào)句型:Itbe+強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that/who+其它部分
function:
1.Agreementanddisagreement
Exactly.You'reright.
Iagree.
That'scorrect/true/right.
I'mafraidIdisagreewithyou.
I'mafraidnot.
Idon'tthinkso.
Noway.
Idon'tagree.
Idoubt
2.Blameandcomplaint(責(zé)備與抱怨):
I'msorrytobringthisup,but
I'msorrytohavetosaythis,but
Theyshould(not)havedoneit.
Theyaretoblame.
Perhaps/Maybetheyshould/shouldn'tdo...
Whydon'tyoudosomethingaboutit?
ThefirstperiodWarmingUp,Pre-reading,ReadingandComprehending
Knowledgeandskills:
1.Toknowthemeaningsofthefollowingnewwordsandphrases:consume,come
about,random(任意的),phenomenon,subscribe(同意,捐贈(zèng),簽署文件),subscribeto(同
意,贊成,訂購),fuel,quantity,quantitiesof,tend,goup,per,data,resultin,trend,
catastrophe(大災(zāi)難,浩劫),flood,oppose,opposed(反對(duì)的),beopposedto(反對(duì)),
consequence(結(jié)果,后果),state,range,evenif,keepon,glance,steady,steadily.
2.Tolearnaboutsomefactsandviewsaboutglobalwarming.
3.Tolearnhowtheinformationisorganized.
4.Todevelopthestudents5readingabilitybyskimmingandscanningthepassage.
5.Todevelopthestudents9abilitybytalkingaboutglobalwarming.
Emotion,attitudeandvalue:
1.Tomakestudentsrealizetheharmofglobalwarmingandtheimportanceof
environmentalprotection.
2.Todevelopstudents'senseofcooperativelearning.
Teachingimportantanddifficultpoints:
1.Toenablethestudentstolearnaboutglobalwarmingandtodeveloptheirreading
ability.
2.Toenablethestudentstotalkaboutwhatweshoulddotopreventglobalwarming.
Step1Warmingup
1.Warmingupbyreadingandtalking:
Readthroughtheexercisewiththeclass.Putstudentsingroupstotalkaboutwhatwe
useenergyfor,whatarethesourcesoftheseenergyandwhetherthesourcesarerenewable
ornon-renewable.
(Thesixphotosare:windmills;acoalpowerstation;anrefinery;anuclearpowerplant;
solarpanels;ahydro-electricdam.)
2.Warmingupbydiscussion:
ThingsthatuseenergySourcesofenergyRenewable/non-renewable
Step2Pre-reading
1.Showapictureofagreenhousetostudentsandaskthemwhatagreenhouseismade
ofandwhatitspurposeis.
(It'smadeofglassandplantscangrowinitwhenit'scoldoutside.Theglasstrapsthe
heatfromthesun,makingtheairwarmsothatplantsgrowbetter.)
2.Askstudentswhattheythink"greenhousegases“areandwhattheythink
greenhousegasesdo.Lookatthepictureaboveandexplainittotheirpartners.
(Greenhousegasesperformthesamefunctionastheglassinaglasshouse.Theytrap
theheatofthesunandkeeptheairsurroundingtheearthwarm.Thisiscalledthe
greenhouseeffect.)
Step3Readingandcomprehending
1.Fastreading
Askstudentstoreadthepassagequicklysoastogetthekeywordsandgeneralideaof
eachparagraphandanswerthefollowingquestions:
1)Whatisthemainideaofthearticle?
2)Whowrotethemagazinearticle?Whatisthenameofthemagazine?
3)Whatarethenamesofthethreescientistsmentionedinthearticle?Dotheyagree
withoneanother?
2.Detailedreading
1)Readthepassagecarefullyandjudgewhetherthestatementsaretrueornot.
()JanicaFosterbelievesthatglobalwarmingiscausedbytheburningfossilfuels.
()Carbondioxideisabyproductofburningfuels.
()Naturalgasisagreenhousegas.
()PeopleacceptCharlesKeeling'sdatabecausehetookaccuratemeasurement.
()Floodingcouldbeoneoftheeffectsoffutureglobalwarming.
()GeorgeHambleybelievesscientistsarejustguessingabouttheeffectsofglobal
warming.
()GeorgeHambleyisworriedabouttheeffectsofcarbondioxideonplantgrowth.
()Itisclearwhattheeffectsofglobalwarmingwillbe.
3.Structureanalyzing
Askstudentstoreadthetextcarefullyandtrytofindouthowmanypartstheycan
dividethetextintoandfindoutthemainideaofeachpart.
PartMainidea
Part1(Paragraph)Tointroduceadebateovertheissueofglobal
warming.
Part2(Paragraph_____toToillustratehowglobalwarmingcomesabout.
_____)
Part3(Paragraph)Tolisttwodifferentattitudesamonsscientiststowards
globalwarming.
Part4(Paragraph)It'suptoreaderstothinkanddecidewhetherpeople
shoulddosomethingaboutglobalwarmingornot.
4根據(jù)課文內(nèi)容填空.
PhenomenonThetemperatureoftheearthroseaboutonedegreeFahrenheitduring
the20thcentury.
Itis____thathascausedtheincreaseintheearth?stemperature
throughtheburningoffossilfuelslikecoal,naturalgasandoilto
produceenergy.
Carbondioxide,methaneandwatervapourcan____heatfromthe
suntwarmtheearth.Theproblembeginswhenweaddhuge____
extraCarbondioxideintotheatmosphere.
TheCarbondioxideintheatmospherewentupfrom1957to1997.
theburningofmoreandmorefossilfuelshas___theincreasein
carbondioxide.
DifferentScientistswhoagreewithDrJaniceScientistswhoagreewith
____towardsFoster.GeorgeHambley
theincreaseinAnincreaseoffivedegreeswouldbeMorecarbondioxideis
carbondioxidea(n)_____.Theythinktheremaybeaactuallya(n)_____.Itcan
riseofthesealevel,or______severemakeplantsgrowfaster;
storms,floods,droughts,thespreadofcropswillproducemore.In
disease,andsoon.aword,allofthesewill
makehumanbeingslive
better.
ResultTheclimateoftheearthisgoingtokeeponwarming______we
begintoreducetheamountofgreenhousegases.
Step4Languagestudy
Dealingwithanylanguageproblemsifany(wordsorstudentsmightnotunderstand)
tohelpthemhaveabetterunderstandingofthetext.
Step5Listening,readingaloudandunderlining
Askstudentstoreadthetextaloudtothetapeandletthempayattentiontothe
pronunciationofeachwordandthepauseswithineachsentence.Tellthemtopickoutall
theusefulexpressionsorcollocationsfromthepassagewhilereadingandcopythemtothe
notebook.
graph,data,flood,tendency,contribution,state,random任意的,nuclear,phenomenon,
tend,subscribe捐贈(zèng),訂閱,簽署文件,quantity,trend,consequence,circumstances環(huán)境,
情況,advocate擁護(hù),提倡,主張,outer,fuel,catastrophe大災(zāi)難,浩劫,range,
disagreement,,refresh,average,glance,casual,widespread,consume,consumer,oppose,
opposed,environmentalist,existence,growth,electrical,commitment,commit,educator,
educate,comeabout,subscribeto,quantitiesof,goup,resultin,beopposedto,evenif,
keepon,putupwith,solongas,onthewhole,andsoon,onbehalfof.
Step6Retelling
Askstudentstotalkaboutglobalwarmingintheirownwords.
Step7Homework
Learntheusefulwordsandexpressionsinthisunit.
TrytofindsomedataaboutglobalwarmingontheInternet,andshowyourclassinthe
nextperiodandtalkaboutthem.
Reflectionafterteaching:
Thesecondperiod:LanguageStudy
Theemphasisofthisperiodwillbeplacedontheimportantnewwords,phrasesand
expressions.
Knowledgeandskills:
1.Togetthestudentstolearntousethefollowingnewwordsandexpressions:tend,
range,subscribeto,goup,widespread,state,glance,steady,tendency,keepon,onthe
whole,quantityof,oppose,comeabout,resultin,evenif.
2.Togetthestudentstounderstandandusethefollowingimportantanduseful
sentencepatterns:
itisarapidincreasewhencomparedtoothernaturalchanges.
Thereisnodoubtthattheearthisbecomingwarmer
Teachingimportantanddifficultpoints:
1.Importantnewwordsandexpressions:
2.Importantandusefulsentencepatterns:
3.Somedifficultandlongsentencesinthetext.
Step1Revision
1.Checkthehomeworkexercises.
2.Asksomestudentstotalkaboutglobalwarming.
Step2ReadingandFinding
Getthestudentstoreadthecontentthoroughlyandfindoutalltheusefulnewwords
andexpressionsorcollocations.\
Step3Practiceforusefulwordsandexpressions
TurntoPage28.gothroughtheexercisesinDiscoveringusefulwordsandexpressions
withstudentsandmakesuretheyknowwhattodo.
Step4Languagestudy
1.consume:燒毀毀滅consuming:令人著迷的重要的consumer:消費(fèi)者
makealistof歹清單
Imustmakealistofthingstobuy.
Thecarconsumesalotoffuel.
Sheconsumedmostofhertimeinreading.
Thesmallvillagewasconsumedwithflood.
Thefirequicklyconsumedthewoodenhut.大火很快吞噬了那所小木屋.
Consumersareencouragedtocomplainaboutfaultygoods.要鼓勵(lì)消費(fèi)者對(duì)劣質(zhì)商
品投訴.
Buildingmodeltrainsishisconsumingpassion.制作模型火車是他廢寢忘食的愛好.
2.runout(=becomeusedup):用盡沒有了(無被動(dòng)形式),主語通常是金錢,時(shí)間,
食物等無生命的名詞.runoutof:須接賓語,主語只能是人,可用被動(dòng)形式.
Theirgasisrunningout.(對(duì))Theirgashasbeenrunout.(錯(cuò))
Hermoneyhasrunout.
Heisalwaysrunningoutofmoneybeforepayday.
3.increase:增加增長(zhǎng)提高使增加
Crimeisontheincrease,犯罪率正在增加.
Thepopulationofthiscountryhasincreased.
Heincreasedthesizeofhiscompanyyearbyyear.
4.compareto:把…比作…compare...with把?…和?…進(jìn)行比較
comparedto:比起.…來,與.…比較起來,
Atpresent,comparedto/withdevelopingcountries,developedcountrieshavemade
moregreenhousegases.
Generallyspeaking,comparedto/withboysgirlslearnEnglishwell.
Peopleoftencomparechildrentoflowers.
Pleasedon'tcompareChinawithTaiwan,becauseitisonlyoneprovinceofChina.
5.increaseby+倍數(shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù),表示“增加了?…倍或百分之幾”
increaseto+具體增長(zhǎng)的數(shù)字,表示“增加到了.?…”
Therateofinflationincreasedby1.5%.
Thepopulationhasincreasedfrom1millionto1.5million.
6.comeabout:發(fā)生造成breakout:(戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)火災(zāi)等)爆發(fā),(瘟疫)突然發(fā)生happen:
發(fā)生,碰巧(指偶然性)takeplace:發(fā)生,常指經(jīng)過安排,按計(jì)劃.
TheyhadescapedtoEnglandshortlybeforethewarbrokeoutin1938.
Theychancedbestayingatthesamehotel.
GreatchangeshavetakenplaceinChinainrecent30years.
7.Thereis/wasnodoubtthat毫無疑問...
Isthereanydoubtthatthefactoryhaspouredquantitiesofpollutedwater?
ThereissomedoubtwhethertheUSAwillreallycontributetokeepingtheglobalfrom
warming.
Hewouldfailtheexamratherthancheatit.他寧可考試不及格也不愿意作弊.
8.random:任意的隨意的胡亂的,只用作定語.
Shemadearandomchoiceamongthebooks.
Thisisjustarandomsamplefromtheirproducts.
這僅僅是對(duì)他們的產(chǎn)品的一個(gè)隨機(jī)抽樣.
9.phenomenon:現(xiàn)象其復(fù)數(shù)形式是phenomena
Therainbowafterrainingisanaturalphenomenon.
Terrorismisaphenomenonofthe20thcentury.恐怖主義是20世紀(jì)的現(xiàn)象.
10.subscribeto:同意贊成訂購.
Mybosshassubscribedtomyopinion.
Theretiredteachersubscribestosomemagazineseveryday.
Moreandmorepeoplearerefusingtosubscribetopointofview.
越來越多的人不贊成他的觀點(diǎn).
Pleasesubscribeyournametotheapplication.請(qǐng)?jiān)谏暾?qǐng)表上簽名.
H.dueto:應(yīng)歸于,欠款,由于,不用于句首.
Thewageduetohimwillbepaidtomorrow.欠他的工錢,明天付給他.
Mostoftheproblemswereduetohumanerror.
多數(shù)問題都是由于人為的錯(cuò)誤造成的.
Hersuccessisduetoherparents'help.
12.quantitiesof/aquantityof:大量的
Thereisalargequantityofmilk.
Therearelargequantitiesofbooksinthelibrary.
Greatquantitiesoffarmer-workershavecrowdedintocitiestoseekjobs.
13.meantodosth.=plantodosth.meandoingsth.意味著,意指mean:吝嗇,
小氣
Missingthetrainmeanswaitingfortwomorehours.
Ididn'tmeantodiscussthisproblemagain.
Theredlightmeans"stop".
Shylockisverymeanwithhismoney.
14.goup:上升,增長(zhǎng)(尤其指代價(jià)格或溫度)
Thepriceofoilisgoingup.
Housingpriceshaverisensurprisinglyrecently.
Thesunrisesintheeast.
15.resultin:導(dǎo)致,造成(結(jié)果)resultfrom:因…而導(dǎo)致(原因)asaresult:結(jié)果是
asaresultof:作為...的結(jié)果
TheearthquakeinYushuhasresultedinovertwothousanddeaths.
Joblossesresultedfromtheglobalcrisis.
Shehasworkedveryhard,asaresult,shehasbeenadmittedintoakeyuniversity.
Wefinishedtheworkontimeasaresultofyourhelp.
16.oppose:反對(duì),抵制(接V-ing形式),營(yíng).…人較量beopposedto:反對(duì)
Iwouldopposechangingthelaw.
Mostofusareopposedtothisplan.
17.consequence:結(jié)果,后果,影響.
Don'tworry.Itisofnoconsequence.別擔(dān)心,沒什么重要的.
Youmusttaketheconsequencesifyoudon'tdoyourduty.
如果你不盡職你必須承擔(dān)嚴(yán)重的后果.
Shehaslosthermemoryinconsequenceoftheaccident.
她因那次車禍而失去了記憶.
inconsequence=asaresult:結(jié)果是,因此inconsequenceof=asaresultof:由
于.…緣故,作為.…的結(jié)果.accept/taketheconsequences:承擔(dān)后果
Hestudiedhard,andinconsequencehepassedtheexam.
Thechildwasborndeformedinconsequenceofaninjurytoitsmother.
由于母親受過傷,這小孩生下來是畸形.
18.range:種類,范圍.
Mostofthestudentsareinthe16-19ageranges.大多數(shù)學(xué)生的年齡介于16歲至19
歲之間.
Thiswasbeyond/outoftherangeofhisexperience.這超出了他的閱歷.
19.evenif/eventhough:即使,盡管,引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句.
Evenif/thoughheoftenfeelstired,helivesafulllife.
rilgetthere,evenifIhavetowalk.我就是走也要走到哪里去.
20.keepondoingsth.繼續(xù)做某事keepdoingsth.一直干某事keepsb.doing
sth.某人連續(xù)做某事.
Hekeptstandingthereforhalfanhourwithoutmoving.
Hekeptthetruthfromus.他對(duì)我們隱瞞了真相.
Theteacherkeptthestudentstandingforanhour.
21.onbehalfof=onone'sbehalf:代表一方,作為.…的代言人
Iagreeyouonbehalfofmyparents.
OnbehalfofmycolleaguesandmyselfIthankyou..
我代表我的同事以及我自己向你表示感謝.
22.advocate:主張,提倡,擁護(hù);辯護(hù)人,擁護(hù)者,提倡者.
Theydon'tadvocatebuildingabigchemicalfactorybythelake.
TheChinesepeopleadvocatetheleadershipoftheChineseCommunist.
Wearealltheadvocatesoftheparty.我們都是中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨的擁護(hù)者.
23.putupwith(=livewithsth./sb.):容忍,忍受.
Shefounditdifficulttoputupwiththepain.
Ijusthadtolearntolivewiththepain.
相關(guān)短語:putaway處理掉,putdown放下,記錄下,鎮(zhèn)壓,puton,putup,putback
放回原處,恢復(fù)正常,putoff延期,putout,putforward提出
24.circumstance:環(huán)境,情況,條件,狀況,境況.
Thecompanyreservestherighttocancelthisagreementincertaincircumstances.
本公司保留在一定條件下取消這項(xiàng)協(xié)議的權(quán)利.
IknowIcantrusthim,inanycircumstances.
in/undernocircumstances:決不,無論如何不,放在句首需要倒裝.
in/undercircumstances:在這種情況下,既然如此
類似的短語:atnotime,innoway,bynomeans,onnoaccount.
In/Undernocircumstancesshouldyousellcigarettetoyouths.
Don'topenthedoor,inanycircumstances.
Shedidthejobverywellinthecircumstances.
Underthecircumstanceshefeltunabletoacceptthejob.
25.contribution:貢獻(xiàn),捐款,捐資
count:(=matter)認(rèn)為重要,數(shù),算入.
Allcontributionswillbegratefullyreceived.我們對(duì)所有捐資表示感謝.
Shemadeaverypositivecontributiontotheoverallsuccessoftheproject.
她對(duì)項(xiàng)目的全面成功做出了積極的貢獻(xiàn).
Itisnotwhatyoureadbuthowyouread.
不是你讀的什么,而是你怎么讀的是重要的.
Shebegantocountuphowmaygueststheyhadtoinvite.
Icountheramongmyclosestfriends.我把她看作我最親密的朋友.
26.countdown(倒計(jì)時(shí)),beyondcount(不計(jì)其數(shù)),takecountof(計(jì)...的數(shù)),counton
sb/sth(依靠,指望某人/某物)atthelastcount(根據(jù)有關(guān)…數(shù)字的最新消息),lose
cont(ofsth.)(數(shù)不清)
She,salreadycountingdowntothebigday.她已經(jīng)在對(duì)這一重大日子的倒計(jì)時(shí)了.
ChinahasbeencountingdowntotheShanghaiEXPO.中國(guó)已經(jīng)在對(duì)上海世博會(huì)進(jìn)
行倒計(jì)時(shí)了.
Don'tcountontime.別指望他了吧.
He'dappliedfor20jobsatthelastcount.根據(jù)有關(guān)的最新消息他申請(qǐng)過20個(gè)職位.
Ilostcountandhadtostartagain.我數(shù)著數(shù)著忘了,不得不從頭開始數(shù).
27.thereisnodoubtthat毫無疑問的
類似句型:
Thereisnoknowing/telling沒法知道/說
Thereisnoneed沒有必要.…
Thereisnoreason….沒有理由.…
Thereisnopossibilitythat是沒有可能的.
Itisnowonderthat真奇怪/真是令人奇怪.
Step6Homework
1.FinishofftheWorkbookexercises.Doexercises1inUsingandExpressioninyour
exercisesbook.
2.Learntheusefulnewwordsandexpressionsbyheart.
Reflectionafterteaching:
Periodthree:Grammar——theUseof"it"(2)
Teachingimportantanddifficultpoints:
Getthestudentstomasterthestructureandusagesoftheemphasizedsentences.
Enablethestudentstoearnhowtousetheemphasizedsentences.
Step1Revision
1.Checkthehomeworkexercises.
2.Dictatesomenewwordsandexpressions.
Step2Warmingup
Askstudentstoreadandcomparesomesentencesbelow:
ItwasascientistcalledChardKeeling,whomadeaccuratemeasurementsofthe
amountofcarbondioxideintheatmospherefrom1957to1997.
Itistheburningofmoreandmorefossilfuelsthathasresultedinthisincreasein
carbondioxide.
Step3Summingup
Itis/was+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+who/that
Grammar:Theuseof"it"
1.這道題是考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句還是定語從句?還是……
Itwasinthesmallhousewasbuiltwithstonesbyhisfatherhespent
hischildhood.
A.which,thatB.that,whichC.which,whichD.that,where
【陷阱】幾個(gè)干擾項(xiàng)均有可能誤選,主要是分不清為強(qiáng)調(diào)句型,或即使分清為強(qiáng)
調(diào)句型,也分不清強(qiáng)調(diào)哪一個(gè)成分.
【分析】答案選A,第一空填which,用以引導(dǎo)定語從句;第二空填that,為強(qiáng)
調(diào)句的結(jié)構(gòu)詞,被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分為inthesmallhouse(以及修飾它的定語從句whichwas
builtwithstonesbyhisfather)o此題難就難在強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中套用了定語從句。請(qǐng)?jiān)倏搭?/p>
似例子:
(1)Itwastheboyhadbeeninprisonstolethemoney,(from
)
A.who,whereB.that,howC.who,thatD.that,which
此題答案選C,全句為強(qiáng)調(diào)句,被強(qiáng)調(diào)成分是theboy(以及修飾它的定語從句
whohadbeeninprison)o
(2)Itwasjustintheroomhewasbornhedied.
A.where,whichB.that,thatC.where,thatD.which,that
此題答案選C,全句為強(qiáng)調(diào)句,被強(qiáng)調(diào)成分是inthisroom,wherehewasborn為
修飾theroom的定語從句
這道題是考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句還是狀語從句?仔細(xì)看看:
一Wasitunderthetreeyouwereawaytalkingtoafriend?
—Sure.ButwhenIgotbackthere,thebikewasgone.
A.thatB.whereC.whichD.while
【陷阱】此題很容易誤選A,認(rèn)為這是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。
【分析】其實(shí)此題應(yīng)選D。做好此題的關(guān)鍵是正確理解上下文的語境。在此句
中,it是代詞,指代thebike,句意為:“當(dāng)你離開去同朋友談話的時(shí)候,你的自行
車是在這樹下嗎?”“當(dāng)然,但當(dāng)我回來時(shí),自行車就不見了?!爆F(xiàn)在反過來分析一下,
假若選A,將此句判為強(qiáng)調(diào)句,句子即為Wasitunderthetreethatyouwereaway
talkingtoafriend?若進(jìn)一步轉(zhuǎn)換為非強(qiáng)調(diào)句,句子則為Underthetreewhileyouwere
talkingtoafriend,句意顯然很荒唐。
一、考查結(jié)構(gòu)詞的選擇與使用
強(qiáng)調(diào)句的基本結(jié)構(gòu)是“It+be+被強(qiáng)調(diào)成分+that(who)…”,其中的結(jié)構(gòu)詞it和
that(who)為高考英語考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句時(shí)最??疾榈目键c(diǎn)。如:
1.1don'tmindhercriticizingme,butishowshedoesitthatIobjectto.
A.itB.thatC.thisD.which
【解析】答案選A。此題考查itis…that…這一強(qiáng)調(diào)句句型。句意為:我不介意
她批評(píng)我,我反對(duì)的是她批評(píng)我的方式。句中空格處填強(qiáng)調(diào)句結(jié)構(gòu)詞讓。
2.Itisnotwhoisrightbutwhatisrightisofimportance.
A.whichB.itC.thatD.this
【解析】答案選C。此題考查itis...that…這一強(qiáng)調(diào)句式,被強(qiáng)調(diào)的是notwhois
rightbutwhatisright,全句意為:重要的不是誰是對(duì)的,而是什么才是對(duì)的。句中空
格處填強(qiáng)調(diào)句結(jié)構(gòu)詞thato
二、考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句的特殊疑問句形式
強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的陳述句形式和一般疑問句形式一般還好理解,但若以特殊疑問句形
式出現(xiàn),則很容易誤解。比較:
Jimtoldusthenews.(非強(qiáng)調(diào)句)
ItwasJimthattoldusthenews.(強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的陳述句形式)
WasitJimthattoldusthenews?(強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的一般疑問句形式)
Whowasitthattoldusthenews?(強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的特殊疑問句形式)
特殊疑問句形式的強(qiáng)調(diào)句可視為對(duì)陳述句強(qiáng)調(diào)中的被強(qiáng)調(diào)成分提問得來,如對(duì)
Itwasyesterdaythathearrived.這一句中的yesterday提問,即得到Whenwasitthathe
arrived?
請(qǐng)看高考真題:
1.1justwonderthatmakeshimsoexcited.
A.whyitdoesB.whathedoesC.howitisD.whatitis
【解析】答案選Do注意whatitisthatmakeshimsoexcited為賓語從句,用作動(dòng)
詞wonder的賓語。如果去掉主句Ijustwonder將原句改為疑問句則是:Whatisitthat
makeshimsoexcited?
2.—thathemanagetogettheinformation?
一Oh,afriendofhishelpedhim.
A.WherewasitB.WhatwasitC.HowwasitD.Whywasit
【解析】答案選Co由答語的內(nèi)容可知,空格處應(yīng)填how。
三、考查not…until…句式的強(qiáng)調(diào)句形式
,5
not...until用于強(qiáng)調(diào)句型時(shí)的基本形式為"Itis(was)notuntil...that...O如:
1.ItwehadstayedtogetherforacoupleofweeksIfoundwe
hadalotincommon.
A.wasuntil;whenB.wasuntil;that
C.wasn'tuntil;whenD.wasn'tuntil;that
【解析】答案選D。此題考查not...until…句式的強(qiáng)調(diào)形式。
又如:ItwasnotuntilshetookoffherdarkglassesthatIrealizedshewasafamous
filmstar.直到她取下墨鏡,我才意識(shí)到她是一位著名影星。
2.ItwasnotuntilshegothomeJenniferrealizedshehadlostherkeys.
A.whenB.thatC.WhereD.before
【解析】答案選B??疾閚ot…until…句式的強(qiáng)調(diào)形式。
又如:ItwasnotuntilImetyouthatIknewrealhappiness.直到我遇到你以后,我
才真正體會(huì)到幸福。
四、考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句與非強(qiáng)調(diào)句的辨別
1.ItwillsoonbefiveyearswecametoliveinCairo.
A.thatB.whenC.sinceD.as
【解析】答案選C。此題不是考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句型,而是考查since的用法,句意為“我
們來到開羅居住快五年了”。
又如:Itistwoyearssinceheleftthecountry.他離開這個(gè)國(guó)家已經(jīng)兩年了。/It's
quitesometimesincewewrotetoeachother.我們互相通信已有不少時(shí)間了。
2.“WasithereyouwereawaytalkingtoafHend?""Sure.ButwhenIgot
backthere,itwasgone/5
A.thatB.whileC.whichD.where
【解析】答案選B。此題不是考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句型,而是考查while的用法,while在
此表示“在……期間”,句意為:當(dāng)你離開去跟朋友說話的時(shí)候它在這兒?jiǎn)幔?/p>
Step4Grammarpractice
DoExercise2inDiscoveringusefulstructuresonpage20.
DotheexercisesinUsingstructuresonpage64.
Multiplechoice:
1)Wasitintheplacetheyoncebuiltalittlebuilding?
A.thatB.inwhichC.beforeD.which
2)Itisheoftenbreakstheschoolrulesmakeshisheadteachers
unsatisfiedwithhim.
A.what;thatB.that;whatC.that;thatD.because;that
3)ItisbecauseEnglishisbeingwidelyusedatpresent.
A.whywelearnithardB.thatwelearnithard
C.whichwemustlearnD.whenweshouldlearn
4)——Wasitwhathesaidorsomethingthathedidmadeyoucrysosadly,
tom?
No,notreally.
A.whichB.thatC.whenD.what
5)thepeoplehavebecomemasterofthecountrysciencecanreally
servethepeople.
A.Itisonlythen;thatB.Itwasthat;when
C.Itisonlywhen;thatD.Itwaswhen;then
6)-Ithinkwehavemetthewordbefore.
——Yes.Itisinthereadingmaterialwereadingyesterday.
A.that;didB.that;wereC.when;wereD.when;did
7)Itwasthere,thepolicebelieve,shewasabletoactivetherecordershekept
inherbag.
A.untilB.whichC.thatD.when
8)Itwasthissenseoffailuremadehimdeterminedtosucceedinhisnewlife.
A.whoB.whichC.thatD.why
9)thatsomanypeoplethinkthatbeingperfectisthewaytogo?
A.ItiswhyB.WhyisitC.Whyitis
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