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2/2中考英語復習資料16:閱讀理解考點集匯、講解和訓練【考點掃描】

閱讀理解能力的培養(yǎng)是中學英語學習的一項重要任務,也是中考的一項重要內(nèi)容。中考閱讀理解題主要考查學生的語篇閱讀能力、分析和判斷能力。要求學生能較快地通過閱讀理解短文大意,獲取其中的主要信息,能做出正確判斷,然后根據(jù)試題的要求從A,B,C,D四個選項中選出最佳答案或做出正誤判斷。文章的難易程度和初三課文基本相同,要求閱讀速度為每分鐘40-50個詞。

中考閱讀理解的閱讀材料的選取一般遵循三個原則:

1.閱讀文章不少于三篇,閱讀量在1,000單詞左右;

2.題材廣泛,包括科普,社會,文化,政治,經(jīng)濟等;

3.體裁多樣,包括記敘文,說明文,應用文等。

中考閱讀理解考查的主要內(nèi)容是:

1.考查掌握所讀材料的主旨和大意的能力。

此類考查主旨和大意的題大多數(shù)針對段落(或短文)的主題,主題思想,標題或目的,其主要提問方式是:

(1)Whichisthebesttitleofthepassage?

(2)Whichofthefollowingisthispassageabout?

(3)Inthispassagethewritertriestotellusthat______.

(4)Thepassagetellsusthat______.

(5)Thispassagemainlytalksabout_______.

2.考查把握文章的事實和細節(jié)的能力。

此類考查事實和細節(jié)的題目大多數(shù)是針對文章的細節(jié)設計的,其主要提問方式是:

(1)Whichofthefollowingisright?

(2)Whichofthefollowingisnotmentioned?

(3)WhichofthefollowingisNotTrueinthepassage?

(4)Choosetherightorderofthispassage.

(5)Fromthispassageweknow________.

3.考查根據(jù)上下文猜測生詞的含義的能力。

此類猜測詞義的題目要求考生根據(jù)上下文確定某一特定的詞或短語的準確含義。其主要提問方式是:

(1)Theword“

”inthepassageprobablymeans________.

(2)Theunderlinedword“It”inthepassagerefersto_______.

(3)Inthisstorytheunderlinedword“

”means________.

(4)Here“it”means________.

4.考查對閱讀材料全篇的邏輯關(guān)系的理解,對文章各段,各句之間的邏輯關(guān)系的理解能力。

此類題目主要考查的是句語句之間,短語短之間的邏輯關(guān)系,其主要提問方式是:

(1)Manyvisitorscometothewriter’scityto________.

(2)SomeshopscanbebuiltDonfengSquaresothattheymay_____.

(3)Airpollutionisthemostseriouskindofpollutionbecause_____.

(4)WhydidthewritergetoffthetraintwostopsbeforeViennastation?

5.考查依據(jù)短文內(nèi)容和考生應有的常識進行推理和判斷的能力。

此類題目文章中沒有明確的答案,需要考生再理解全文的基礎上進行推理和判斷。其主要提問方式是:

(1)Wecanguessthewriterofthelettermaybea______.

(2)Wecaninferfromthetextthat_______.

(3)Fromtheletterswe’velearnedthatit’svery_____toknowsomethingaboutAmericansocialcustoms.

(4)Fromthestorywecanguess______.

(5)Whatwouldbehappyif…?

6.考查推斷作者意圖和態(tài)度的能力。

(1)HowdidthewriterfeelatViennastation?

(2)Thewriterwritesthistextto______.

(3)Thewriterbelievesthat______.

(4)Thewritersuggeststhat______.

【名師解難】

明確了閱讀理解題的考查要點以后,我們現(xiàn)在來研究破解閱讀理解題的方法和技巧。

1.如何獲取段落的主旨和大意?

最有效的辦法是找出主題句。一篇文章(或一段文章)通常都是圍繞一個中心意思展開的。而這個中心意思往往由一個句子來概括。這個能概括文章或段落中心意思的句子叫做主題句。因此,理解一個段落或一篇文章的中心意思首先要學會尋找主題句。主題句一般具有三個特點:

(1)表述的意思比較概括,相對其主句來看,這種概括性更為明顯。

(2)句子結(jié)構(gòu)較簡單,多數(shù)都不采用長、難句的形式。

(3)段落中其它的句子必定是用來解釋、支撐或發(fā)展主題句所表述的主題思想。

在一篇短文或一個段落中,大部分主題句的情況有三種:

(1)主題句在段首或篇首。

主題句在段首或篇首的情況相當普遍。一般新聞報道、說明文,議論文大都采用先總述,后分述的敘事方法。例如:2003年陜西省英語中考試題閱讀材料B的第一段:

Alllivingthingsontheearthneedotherlivingthingstolive.Nothinglivesalone.Mostanimalsmustliveinagroup,andevenaplantgrowsclosetogetherwithothersofthesamekind.Sometimesonelivingthingkillsanother,oneeatsandtheotheriseaten.Eachkindoflifeeatsanotherkindoflifeinordertolive,andtogethertheyformafoodchain(食物鏈)。Somefoodchainsbecomebrokenupifoneofthelinksdisappears.

第一句即是主題句。這個句子概括了本段的中心意思,“地球上所有的生物要生存都離不開其它的生物”。后面講述了大量的事實,“大部分動物必須成群的生活,甚至一種植物也要和其它同類的植物靠在一起生長。有時一種生物殺死另一種生物,一種生物吃另一種生物,而另一種生物被吃”。在列舉了大量的事實之后,作者指出:如果這些食物鏈中的一個鏈環(huán)消失,所有的食物都會斷掉。所有這些事實都是圍繞第一個句子展開的。

在這篇短文之后有一道考查主題的閱讀理解題:

59.Whichofthefollowingdoyouthinkisthebesttitleforthispassage?

A.Animals

B.Plants

C.FoodChains

D.LivingThings

根據(jù)主題句的意思,我們可以很容易判斷:這篇短文最好的標題是FoodChains。

(2)主題句在段末或篇末。

用歸納法寫文章時,往往表述細節(jié)的句子在前,概述性的句子在后,并以此結(jié)尾。這種位于段末或篇末的主題句往往是對前面細節(jié)的總結(jié),歸納或結(jié)論。例如2002年陜西省中考試題閱讀材料A的最后一段:

Ifyoubuysomewell-madeclothes,youcansavemoneybecausetheycanlastlonger.Theylookgoodevenaftertheyhavebeenwashedmanytimes.Sometimessomeclothescostmoremoney,butitdoesnotmeanthattheyarealwaysbettermade,ortheyalwaysfitbetter.Inotherwords,somelessexpensiveclotheslookandfitbetterthanmoreexpensiveclothes.

這段文章前面列舉了兩件事實:如果你買一些制作優(yōu)良的衣服,你會省錢,因為這些衣服能穿得時間長一些。即使他們洗了很多次,仍然看起來很好。有時有些衣服花得前更多,但并不意味著這些衣服做得更好。最后一句話是對這兩個事實的概括:有些價錢便宜的衣服比價錢貴的衣服更好看,更合身。段末這個句子就是主題句。

(3)無主題句

有時,一篇文章里并沒有明顯的主題句。這時我們應該怎樣來確定文章的主題或中心意思呢?其實這也不難。我們可以首先找出每一段的中心意思,各段的中心意思往往都是圍繞一個中心來展開的,或者說是來說明一個問題的。這個中心或這個問題就是這篇文章的主題或中心意思。

請看2004年江西省中考試題閱讀理解A:

KillerbeesstartedinBrazil1957.AscientistinSaoPaulowantedbeestomake

morehoney(蜂蜜).Soheputforty-sixAfricanbeeswithsomeBrazilianbees.Thebeesbred(繁殖)andmadeanewkindofbees.Butthenewbeeswereamistake.Theydidn’twanttomakemorehoney.Theywantedtoattack.Then,byaccident,twenty-sixAfricanbeesescapedandbredwiththeBrazilianbeesoutside.

Scientistscouldnotcontrol(控制)theproblem.Thebeesincreasedfast.TheywentfromBraziltoVenezuela.ThentheywenttoCentralAmerica.NowtheyareinNorthAmerica.Theytravelabout390milesayear.Eachgroupofbeesgrowsfourtimesayear.Thismeansonemillionnewgroupseveryfiveyears.

Whyarepeopleafraidofkillerbees?Peopleareafraidfortworeasons.First,thebeessting(叮)manymoretimesthanusualbees.Killerbeescanstingsixtytimesaminutenonstopfortwohours.Second,killerbeesattackingroups.Fourhundredbeestingscankillaperson.

Alreadyseveralhundredpeoplearedead.NowkillerbeesareinTexas.InafewyearstheywillreachallovertheUnitedStates.Peoplecandonothingbutwait.

這篇短文表面看起來沒有主題句,那末怎樣來確定它的中心意思呢?按照上面的說明,我們先找出每一段的大意:第一段講的是“killerbees”的產(chǎn)生。第二段講的是“killerbees”的急劇增加。第三段講的是人們害怕“killerbees”的原因。第四段講的是“killerbees”已經(jīng)殺死的人數(shù)和將來的狀況。從這幾段的大意可以看出這篇文章自始至終都是圍繞“killerbees”這一中心展開的。換句話說,“killerbees”就是這篇文章的主題。

在這篇短文的后面就出了一道這樣的閱讀理解題:

59.Thebesttitleofthepassageis____________.

A.Howtomakemorehoney

B.Killerbees

C.Afoolishscientist

D.Howtofeedkillerbees

毫無疑問,答案應該是:B。

2.如何根據(jù)上下文猜測詞義?

猜測詞義也是一種英語閱讀能力。英語閱讀理解試題中有不少這樣的題目。

任何一個實詞,只有在一定的上下文中才能表示一個確定的詞義。所謂上下文(context),正如英語辭典所解釋的,其作用就是幫助確定上下文中的詞、短語或句子的意義。據(jù)此,我們可以盡可能地利用上下文來猜測詞義,即從已知推求未知,也就是用我們所熟悉的詞或短語來猜測我們不熟悉的詞的詞義。猜測詞義時,我們可以從三個方面來考慮:1)根據(jù)上下文已知部分進行邏輯上的推理。2)運用語法知識進行語法分析。3)依靠常識和經(jīng)驗做出判斷。根據(jù)上下文猜測詞義的方法有下列幾種:

(1)根據(jù)定義或解釋猜測詞義。例如:甘肅省2002年中考英語試題閱讀材料B:

Abagisusefulandtheword“bag”isuseful.Itgivesussomeinterestingphrases(短語).Oneis“toletthecatoutofthebag.”Itisthesameas“totellasecret”….

Nowwhensomeoneletsout(泄漏)asecret,he“l(fā)etsthecatoutofthebag.”

短文后面有一個理解題目:

John“l(fā)etsthecatoutofthebag”meanshe________.

A.makeseveryoneknowasecret

B.thewomanboutacat

C.buysacatinthebag

D.sellsthecatinthebag

在這篇文章里,“l(fā)etthecatoutofthebag”雖然是一個新出現(xiàn)的短語,但緊接著后面就給出解釋Itisthesameas“totellasecret.根據(jù)這一解釋,我們就可判斷出正確答案應為A。

(2)根據(jù)情景和邏輯進行判斷。例如:2004年北京市海淀區(qū)中考試題閱讀材料A。其中第三段是這樣的:

Astheygoaroundtown,thepolicehelppeople.Sometimestheyfindlostchildren.Theytakethechildrenhome.Ifthepoliceseeafight,theyputanendtoitrightaway.Sometimespeoplewillaskthepolicehowtogettoaplaceintown.Thepolicecanalwaystellthepeoplewhichwaytogo.Theyknowallthestreetsandroadswell.

文章后面有這樣一道題:

53.Inthetext,“putanendto”means“___________”.

A.stop

B.cut

C.kill

D.fly

根據(jù)文章所提供的情景,如果警察看到有人在打架,他們肯定會去制止。因為制止打架斗毆是警察的職責。根據(jù)這一推理,答案應該是A。

(3)根據(jù)并列、同位關(guān)系猜測詞義。例如:福州市2004年中考英語試題的閱讀材料B。

Thereisaplaceonourearthwherehotwaterandsteamcomeupundertheground.ItisonalargeislandinthePacificOcean.TheislandisNorthIslandinNewZealand.

101.Whatdoestheword“steam”meaninChinese?

A.自來水B.大氣C.冰川D.蒸汽

從語法上看,steam和hotwater是并列關(guān)系,我們就以斷定這兩種東西是相關(guān)的,是同一類第物質(zhì)。在所給第四個選項中只有“蒸汽”有這種可能。

(4)根據(jù)背景和常識判斷。請看2004年北京市海淀區(qū)中考試題的閱讀材料C:

WatchingsomechildrentryingtocatchbutterfliesoneAugustafternoon,Iwasremindedofanincidentinmyownchildhood.WhenIwasaboyoftwelveinSouthCarolina,somethinghappenedtomethatmademeneverputanywildcreature(livingthing)inacage(籠子).

Welivedontheedgeofaforest,andeveryeveningatduskthemockingbirdswouldcomeandrestinthetreesandsing.Thereisntamusicalinstrumentmadebymanthatcanproduceamorebeautifulsoundthanthesongofthemockingbird.

IdecidedthatIwouldcatchayoungbirdandkeepitinacageandinthatway,Iwouldhavemyownprivatemusician.

Ifinallysucceededincatchingoneandputitinacage.Atfirst,beingscared,thebirdfluttered(撲騰)aboutthecage,butfinallyitsettleddowninitsnewhome.Ifeltverypleasedwithmyselfandlookedforwardtosomebeautifulsingingfrommylittlemusician.

Ontheseconddayofthebird’scaptivity,mynewpet’smotherflewtothecagewithfoodinhermouth.Thebabybirdateeverythingshebroughttoit.Iwaspleasedtoseethis.CertainlythemotherknewbetterthanIhowtofeedherbaby.

ThefollowingmorningwhenIwenttoseehowmycaptive(caged)birdwasdoing,Idiscovereditonthefloorofthecage,dead.Iwasterriblysurprised!Whathadhappened!Ihadtakenextremelycareofmylittlebird,orsoIthought.

ArthurWayne,thefamousornithologist,whohappenedtobevisitingmyfatheratthetime,hearingmecryingoverthedeathofmybird,explainedwhathadhappened.“Amothermockingbird,findingheryounginacage,willsometimesbringitpoisonberries(毒莓).Shethinksitbetterforheryoungtodiethantoliveincaptivity.”

NeversincethenhaveIcaughtanylivingcreatureandputitinacage.Alllivingcreatureshavearighttolivefree.

60.Anornithologistisprobablyapersonwho____________.

A.studiesbirds

B.lovescreatures

C.majorsinhabits

D.takescareoftrees

Ornithologist這個詞從來沒有見到過,但是通過他的語言我們可以判斷出這是一個對鳥很有研究的人。我很愛鳥,把鳥裝在籠子里,并細心照料,而且鳥的母親也飛過來喂這只鳥,但這只鳥卻死了,我很不理解。到我家來的這個人給我詳細解釋了鳥死的原因,說明這個人非常懂鳥。據(jù)此,我們可以斷定答案影視A。

除了前面提到的方法以外,還有下面一些方法:

(5)根據(jù)同義、反義關(guān)系猜測詞義。

(6)根據(jù)因果關(guān)系猜測詞義。

3.如何確定細節(jié)和事實?

在閱讀理解題目中,有相當一部分是考查細節(jié)和事實的題目。這類題目相對容易一些。這些題目有兩個共同特點:(1)凡屬針對特定細節(jié)的考題,其正確答案大都可以在閱讀材料中找到對應的文字部分作為驗證。這一部分可能是一個詞或短語,也可能是一個句子或相關(guān)的若干句子,但句式、用詞和表達方式不同。(2)干擾項往往是主體思想與細節(jié)混雜,正確答案細節(jié)和非正確答案的細節(jié)混雜,甚至真假混雜。因此,要做好閱讀理解中的確定細節(jié)和事實的題目,一要在文章中找出相應的信息點,二要排除干擾項。請看2003年陜西省中考英語試題閱讀理解題第48小題:

Whatdoplantsmakefoodfrom?Theymakefoodfrom_______.

A.sunlight,waterandthingsinthesoilandair

B.water,sunlightandthingsinthesoil

C.waterandthingsinthesoilandair

D.water,sunlightandthingsinthesoil

這一小題考查的就是文章的細節(jié)和事實。這一細節(jié)和事實的表述在文章中可以直接找到:Plantsare“factories”.Theymakefoodfromsunlight,waterandthingsinthesoilandair.

4.如何進行推斷?

所謂推斷,就是根據(jù)閱讀材料中所提供的信息,推斷出未知的信息。即把有關(guān)的文字作為已知部分,從中推斷出未知部分。據(jù)以推斷的有關(guān)文字可能是詞或句子,也可能是若干句子,甚至是全文。

中考英語試題中的推斷題很多,包括的面也很大。其類型主要有以下幾種:

(1)事實推斷:這種推斷常常針對某一個或幾個具體細節(jié),是比較簡單的推斷。進行這種推斷,要首先在文章中找出據(jù)以推斷的有關(guān)文字,然后加以分析,尤其要悟出字里行間的意思。

請看2002年南京市中考英語試題閱讀理解第14小題:

Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingcanyoumostpossiblywatchonTV?

A.Youoftenplayfootballwithyourfriendsafterschool.

B.Yourteacherhasgotacold.

C.Atigerinthecityzoohasrunoutandhasn’tbeencaught.

D.Thebikeinfrontofyourhouseislost.

在閱讀材料中,有這樣一段文字:

Secondly,anewsstoryhastobeinterestingandunusual.Peopledon’twanttoreadstoriesabouteverydaylife.Asaresult,manystoriesareaboutsomekindofdangerandseemtobe“bad”news.

根據(jù)這段文字,我們可以推斷:電視報道的新聞故事硬是有趣的和不平常的。因此,正確答案應為C。

推斷題還包括以下幾個方面:

(2)指代推斷:確定指代詞的含義和指代對象是閱讀理解題常見的題目。要確定指代詞所指代的對象,關(guān)鍵在于對所在上下文的正確理解。指代名詞的指代詞,其單復數(shù)形式英語被指代的詞一致,因此數(shù)的形式可作為識別指代對象第一個輔助標志。

(3)邏輯推斷這類題目往往是要求根據(jù)文章所提供的背景,人物的表情,動作和語言來推斷出人物的態(tài)度或感覺。

(4)對作者的意圖和態(tài)度的推斷

這一類考題大都要求考生就作者對論述對象持什么樣的態(tài)度做出推斷,如作者對所陳述的觀點是贊同、反對,還是猶豫不定,對記述或描寫的人、物或事件是贊頌、同情、冷漠,還是厭惡。作者的這種思想傾向和感情色彩不一定直接表述出來,而往往隱含在字里行間。因此,進行這種推斷時,我們既要依靠短文的主題思想作為推力的前提,又要注意作者的措辭,尤其是形容詞一類的修飾語?!局锌挤独?/p>

請看2004年陜西中考英語試題閱讀理解A部分:

A)根據(jù)下面一篇短文的內(nèi)容判斷下列句子的正誤,正確的用”A”表示,錯誤的用“B”表示。(共5小題,計5分)

(A)

NowTVprogramsplayanimportantpartinourdailylife.Wecangetalotofknowledgeandalotoffunfromit.TodayisSaturday.ThefollowingaresomeTVprogramsondifferentchannelstoday.NowreadtheseTVprogramsandtrytofindsomeinformationforyouandyourfamilymembers.

SXTVChannel7SXTVChannel713:12FootballMatchXATVChannel415:30TVPlaySXTVChannel618:30CartoonFilmCCTVChannel112:38LawTodayCCTVChannel119:00NewsReportCCTVChannel321:00TheLatestMusic

41.Mygrandfatherisinterestedinlaws.HecanwatchCCTVChannel1atnoon.

42.Myfatherisafootballfan.Heprefersfootballmatches.HecanwatchCCTVChannel1.

43.MymotherlikeswatchingTVplays.ShewantstowatchXATVChannel4intheafternoon.

44.Mysisterisonlysixyearsold.Iwanttofindaprogramforher.IthinkshecanwatchCCTVChannel6.

45.I’mastudent.Ilikemusic,butIamverybusytonight.SoIcanwatchCCTVChannel3thisevening.

41.A。這是一道考查細節(jié)和事實的題目。從表中我們可以看到,中午12點38分中央電視臺1頻道有“今日說法”節(jié)目,父親當然可以觀看。

42.B。這是一道考查細節(jié)和事實的題目。查看中央電視臺1頻道所有的節(jié)目沒有一個是播放足球賽的,所以這個陳述是錯誤的。

43.A。這是一道考查細節(jié)和事實的題目。從表中我們可以看到,15點30分陜西電視臺4頻道播放電視劇,母親完全可以看。

44.B。這是一道考查細節(jié)和事實的題目。從表中可以看到,查看中央電視臺6頻道所有的節(jié)目沒有一個是六歲的妹妹看的兒童節(jié)目。

45.B。這是一道考查細節(jié)和事實的題目。今天晚上我很忙,因此不可能看電視。

再看2004年閱讀理解B部分:

B)閱讀下面連篇短文,從個小題所給的四個選項中選出能回答所提問題或完成所給句子的最佳答案。(共10小題,計20分)

(B)

Theunderseaworldisverybeautiful.Nowmoreandmorepeoplewanttodivein

thewatertofindthesecretsthere.Scubadivingisanewsporttoday.Itcantakeyou

intoawonderfulunderseaworld.

Youwillfindmanystrangeanimalsinthesea.Someareaslargeasaschoolbus.

Manyseaanimalsgiveoutlightinthedarkandsomehavesharpteeth.

Duringtheday,thereisenoughlight.Here,underthesea,everythingisblueand

green.Whenfishswimnearby,youcancatchthemwithyourhands.Whenyouhave

bottlesofaironyourback,youcanstayindeepwaterforalongtime.However,you

can’tdivetoodeep.Andyoumustbeverycarefulwhenyoudiveindeepwater.

Thedeepseaisnotaneasyplacetolivein.It’scold,andit’sdark,too.Thedeeper

itis,thelesssunlightthereis.Atabout3,000feet,thereisnolightatall.Itisdarkin

thesea.Manyfisheshavenoeyes.Somehavebigeyes.Afewhaveeyesononeside.

Besides(除了)thecoldanddarkness,deep-seaanimalsfaceathirddanger

otheranimals.

Animalseat!Theymustfindfoodtoeat.Manyanimalseatplants.However,some

Animalseatmeat.Thismeanstheseseaanimalshaveanimalshavetwobigjobs.They

needtofindanimalsasfood,andtheyhavetotrynottobecomeotheranimals’meal.

46.Whydopeoplewanttodiveinthesea?Because________.

A.theywanttocatchfish

B.theywanttofindthesecretsoftheunderseaworld

C.theseaisdeep

D.thereareallkindsofplantsinthesea

47.Inthedaytime,whenyoudiveinthesea,you_________.

A.canseeeverythinggreenandblue

B.can’tbeindanger

C.canatchnothing

D.can’tseeanythingclearly

48.Howmanydangerswillanimalsmeetinthedeepsea?

A.One.

B.Two.

C.Three.

D.Four.

49.Whenyoudoscubadiving,youcan__________.

A.stayindeepwaterforalongtime

B.divevery,verydeep

C.liveindeepwatereasily

D.divefreelywithoutanydangers

50.WhichofthefollowingisWRONG?

A.Oneanimalsfindssomethingtoeat,anditmaybeeatenbyothers.

B.Atthedepthof3,000feetunderthesea,manyanimalscanfindtheirwaybyhearingandfeeling.

C.Thedeepertheseais,thedarkerandcolderitis.

D.Atthedepthof3,000feetunderthesea,allanimalscanfindtheirwaybyseeing.

46.B。這是一道考查細節(jié)和事實的題目。文章開頭的第二句明確說明了這一點?!艾F(xiàn)在越來越多的人想潛水,為的是尋找海下世界的秘密”。

47.A。這是一道考查細節(jié)和事實的題目。文章第三段開頭就說明了這一事實?!癉uringtheday,thereisenoughlight.Here,underthesea,everythingisblue

andgreen.”

48.C。這是一道考查細節(jié)和事實的題目。文章的第5段說明了這一問題:Besides

(除了)thecoldanddarkness,deep-seaanimalsfaceathirddangerotheranimals.

49.A。這是一道考查細節(jié)和事實的題目。文章的第三段有這樣一句話:Whenyou

havebottlesofaironyourback,youcanstayindeepwaterforalongtime.背著

空氣瓶潛水就是“scubadiving”。

50.D。這是一道考查細節(jié)和事實的題目。文章的第四段有這樣的敘述:Atabout

3,000feet,thereisnolightatall.Itisdarkinthesea.Manyfisheshavenoeyes.

在3,000米的深處,一點光線都沒有,很多于都沒有眼睛,他們怎麼能夠通

過“看”來找到路呢?【滿分演練】

(1)

根據(jù)下面一篇短文的內(nèi)容判斷下列句子的正誤,正確的用”A”表示,錯誤的用“B”表示。

Youngpeopleareoftenunhappywhentheyarewiththeirparents.Theysaythattheirparentsdon’tunderstandthem.Theyoftenthinktheirparentsaretoostrictwiththem,andtheyarenevergivenafreehand.

Parentsoftenfinditdifficulttowintheirchildren’strust(信任)andtheyseemtoforgethowtheythemselvesfeltwhentheywereyoung.

Forexample,youngpeopleliketodothingswithoutmuchthinking.It’soneoftheirwaystoshowthattheygrowupandtheycandowithanydifficultthings.Olderpeopleworrymoreeasily.Mostofthemplan(計劃)thingsaheadanddon’tliketheirplanstobechanged.

Whenyouwantyourparentstoletyoudosomething,youwillhavebettersuccess(成功)ifyouaskbeforeyoureallystartdoingit.

Youngpeopleoftenmaketheirparentsangrybyclothestheywant,themusictheyenjoyandsomethingelse.Buttheydon’tmeantocause(引起)anytrouble.Theyjustfeelthatinthiswaytheycanbecutofffromtheoldpeople’sworldandtheywanttomakeanewculture(文化)oftheirown.Andiftheirparentsdon’tliketheirmusicorclothesortheirmannerofspeech,theyoungpeoplefeelveryunhappy.

Sometimesyouevendon’twantyourparentstosay,“Yes”towhatyoudo.Youwanttostayathomealoneanddowhatyoulike.

Ifyouplantocontrol(控制)yourlife,you’dbetterwinyourparentstrustandtrytogetthemtounderstandyou.Ifyourparentsseethatyouhavehighsenseofresponsibility(責任感),theywillcertainlygiveyoutherighttodowhatyouwanttodo.

1.Whenyoungpeoplearewiththeirparents,theydon’tfeelpleased.

2.Whatyoungpeoplethinkisdifferentfromwhatolderpeopledo.

3.Whatyoungpeopledoistomaketheirparentsunhappy.

4.Whenchildrengrowup,theyhopetoletthemdoeverythingalone.

5.Ifyoutrytogetyourparentstounderstandyou,youmustdowellineverything.

(2)

根據(jù)下面一篇短文的內(nèi)容判斷下列句子的正誤,正確的用“A”表示,錯誤的用“B”表示。

Yesterdayevening,whenIwenttotownwithmymother,wemetastrangeoldman.Itwasraininghardandwehadnoumbrella(傘).Weweretryingtogetintoataxiwhenhecameuptous.Hewascarryinganiceumbrellaandhesaidthathewouldgiveittousforonlyapound.Hehadforgottenhiswallet,hesaid,neededtaxi-fare(出租汽車費)togobackhome.Mymotherdidn’tbelievewhathehadsaidatfirst,andaskedhimalotofquestions.Buttheoldmandidn’tgetintoataxi.Wefollowed(跟隨)himandfoundhewentintoapub(小酒店)andboughthimselfaglassofwhiskey(威士忌)

withthepound.Afterhedrankit,heputonhishatandtookuponeofthemanywetumbrellasthereandwentoffwiththenewone.Soonafterthat,hesolditagain.

1.Theoldmansoldanumbrellatothewriterandhermother.

2.Hegaveittothemforonlyapoundbecausehehadforgottenhiswalletandneededtaxifaretogobackhome.

3.Theumbrellawasworthmorethanonepound.

4.Theoldmansoldhisownumbrella.

5.Hewasanhonestman.

(3)

根據(jù)下面一篇短文的內(nèi)容判斷下列句子的正誤,正確的用”A”表示,錯誤的用“B”表示。

In1605,ascientisttookawillowbranch(柳枝)andplantedit.Hedidn’tplantitintheground,however.Heplanteditinavaseofsoil(泥土).Forthenextfiveyears,thescientistwateredthatwillowcarefully.

Thewillowgrewandgrew.Wherediditgetthefoodforitsgrowth?Tomostpeople,thiswasaneasyquestion.Thewillowplant,ofcourse,tookthefoodfromthesoil.

Thescientist,however,wantedevidence(證據(jù)).Ifthewillowtookthefoodfromthesoilforitsgrowth,then,asitgrewandweighedmore,thesoiloughttoweighless.Heweighedthewillowbranchbeforeheplantedit.Itweighedfivepounds.Thenheweighedthesoil.Itweighed200pounds.Afterfiveyears,heweighedtheplantandthesoilagain.Thewillowtreeweighed169pounds,butthesoilweighedalmostthesame.

Theresult(結(jié)果)wassurprising.Wheredidthe164poundscomefrom?

Aftermanyinvestigations(調(diào)查),thescientistgottheanswer.Hehadgivenwatertothewillow,andthe

willowgotitsfoodfromthewater.

Hewasright,inaway.Todayweknowmoreaboutthequestion.

1.Thescientistdidtheexperimentinthesixteenthcentury.

2.Mostpeoplethoughttheplantgotthefoodfromthesoilforitsgrowth.

3.Thesoilinthevaseweighedtwohundredpounds.

4.Thescientistfoundthatthewillowgrewandweighedmoreandthesoilweighedless.

5.Thesoilweighed164poundsafterfiveyears.

6.Nowweknowaboutthequestionasmuchasthescientistdid.

(4)

根據(jù)下面一篇短文的內(nèi)容判斷下列句子的正誤,正確的用”A”表示,錯誤的用“B”表示。

OneafternoonBobandJanewerewalkingalongaquietstreetwhentheyheardabignoisefromthestreetcorner.Theyranthereandfoundthatasmallcarhadknockedintothesideofatruck.Boththecardriverandthetruckdriverwerehurt.

“Bob,”saidJane,“runbackdowntheroadtoMrsDay’shouse.Askhertocallthepoliceandtheambulance(救護車).Hurryup.I’llstayhere.”

Bobwentoffasfastashecould.TherewasnothingJanecoulddobutwait.Sheknewthatwhenpeoplewerehurtinanaccident,theyshouldn’tbemoved.

Itwasn’tlongbeforethepolicecarandtheambulancearrived.Thepolicemengotthecardooropenandmovedthemanout.Thentheygotthetruckdriverout.Luckily,themenweren’tbadlyhurt,buttheywerebothtakentohospital.ThepolicementhankedBobandJane.“Youwereverygoodtoactsoquicklywhenyousawtheaccident.Thankyouforallyourhelp.”

1.Theaccidenthappenedinaquietstreetoneafternoon.

2.Bob,Jane,MrsDayandthepolicemenheardthenoise.

3.Bothofthedriverswerehurtintheaccident.

4.JaneaskedBobtocallthepolice.

5.Janehadgotthedriversoutbeforethepolicemenarrived.

(5)

InAmerica,justasinEurope,menusuallyopendoorsforwomen,andwomenalwayswalkaheadofmenintoaroomorarestaurant,unless(除非)themenhavetobeaheadoftheladiestochoosethetable,toopenthedoorofacarordosomeotherthingsliketheaboveOnthestreet,menalmostalwayswalkorcrossthestreetontheclosersideoftheladiestothetrafficButifamanwalkswithtwoladies,heshouldwalkbetweenthemThenifthehost(男主人)orhostess(女主人)orbothofthemcomeinacartogettheirguestfordinner,theguestshouldsitatthefrontseatandleavethebackseatthoughthereisnopeoplesittingonit

1.InAmericamenusually_______

A.walkaheadofwomen

B.eatinarestaurant

C.walkbehindwomen

D.driveacartowork

2.Inthestreetmen________

A.crossthestreet

B.walkontherightsideoftheladies

C.walkontheclosersideoftheladiestothetraffic

D.walkneartheladies

3.Ifamanwalkswithtwoladies,heshould_________

A.walkbetweenthem

B.runbeforethem

C.followthem

D.goaway

4.IfMrs.Greenwantsyoutoherhouseinacar,youshould_________

A.sitbesideaguest

B.sitatthefrontseat

C.sitatthebackseat

D.drivethecar

(6)

LastSundayIsawtheworststorm(暴風雨)inyearsItcamesuddenlyandwentonformorethanthreehoursAfterlunch,Iwentintomyroomtohavearest.Theairwashot,andallwasquiet

ThenstrongwindstartedblowingintomyroomPiecesofpaperonmydeskflewhighintotheairandsomeflewoutoftheopenwindowAsIranouttocatchthem,bigdropsofrainbegantofall.

WhenIcamebackintothehouse,itwasrainingharderandharderItriedveryhardtoclosethewindowThenIheardaloudcrashing(碰撞的)soundfromthebackofthehouse.Iranoutofmyroomtorindoutwhatitwas,abigtreehadfallendownandbrokenthetopofthebackroom.

1.Beforethestorm,theweatherwas__________

A.cold

B.cool

C.warm

D.hot

2.Thewindblewsomeofthepaper___________

A.a(chǎn)lloverthefloor

B.outofthedoor

C.intothebackroom

D.outoftheopenwindow

3.Thetopofthebackroomwasbrokenbecauseof__________

A.thestrong

B.thefallingtree

C.therain

D.thecrashingsound(7)

Lighttravelsataspeedwhichisaboutamilliontimesfasterthanthespeedofsound.Youcangetsomeideaofthisdifferencebywatchingthestartofarace.Ifyoustandsomedistanceawayfromthestarter,youcanseesmokefromhisgunbeforethesoundreachesyourears.

ThisgreatspeedoflightproducessomestrangefactsSunlighttakesabout8minutestoreachusIfyoulookatthelightofthemoontonight,rememberthatthelightraysleftthemoon1.3secondsbeforetheyreachedyouTheneareststarissofarawaythatthelightthatyoucanseefromittonightstartedtotraveltowardsyoufouryearsagoataspeedofnearly2millionkm.perminute.Insomecases,thelightfromoneoftonight'sstarshadstartedonitsjourneytoyoubeforeyouwereborn.

Thus,ifwewanttobehonest,wecan'tsay,"Thestarsareshiningtonight"Wehavetosayinstead,"ThestarslookprettyTheywereshiningfouryearsago,buttheirlighthasonlyjustreachedtheearth."

1.Lightspeedis________soundspeed

A.a(chǎn)sfastas

B.a(chǎn)milliontimesslowerthan

C.a(chǎn)boutmillionsoftimesfasterthan

D.a(chǎn)boutamilliontimesfasterthan

2.Ifyoustand200metresawayfromamanwhoisfiringaguntostartarace,you

willfindoutthat_______

A.youcanhearthesoundbeforeyouseethesmoke

B.thesounddoesnottravelasfastaslight

C.thesoundwillreachyoubeforethemanfires

D.soundtravelsaboutamilliontimesfasterthanlight

3.Sunlightobviously(明顯地)_________thanthelightofthemoon

A.hastotravelagreaterdistance

B.moveslessquickly

C.travelsmuchmorequickly

D.islesspowerful(有力的)

4.Thescientificwayofsaying"Thestarsareshiningtonight"shouldbe________

A.thestarshavebeenshiningallthetime

B.thestarsseentonightwillshinefouryearslater

C.thestarswereshininglongagobutseentonight

D.thestarlightseentodaycouldbeseenfouryearsago

(8)

Drinkingtoomuchalcohol(酒,酒精)seemstogivepleasuretomanypeopleHabitalonecankeeppeopledrinkingHowever,manyheavydrinkerscanoffersomeotherreasonsfortheiractions.

Rightnowdoctorsaregettingsomeattentionintheirprotestsagainstheavydrinking.ManypeoplehavecutdownontheirdrinkingIngeneral,everyonebelievesthedoctors'warnings.

Itissometimesveryeasytostopdrinkingheavily.Forexample,atapartyamanhasjustonedrink.Hecanstopthinkingabouthavinganotherone

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