福建省福州八校聯(lián)考2023-2024學年高二上學期期末考試英語試題2

福州市八校聯(lián)考高二上學期期末考試第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)ATheThaicapitalBangkokisn'tjustabigcityfullofskyscrapers,shoppingmalls,andtraffic.Therearemanybeautifulspacesprovidingresidentswithfreshairandlotsofhealthyoutdooractivitiesinlandscapedareas.BenjakittiParkTheparkhasdedicated'bicycleandjoggingtracksaroundtheLakeRatchada.Thewater'sedgeisnicelyframedbysomeprettyplantlife,withcolourfulflowersaddingtothequietness.You'llalsofindskatetracks,acentralpavilionwithfountains,andanimpressivehalfcirclecourtyardthat'spopularforpicnics.OpeningTime:Dailyfrom5a.m.to9p.m.BenjasiriParkBenjasiriParkistheplacetobeforsculpturelovers,withsomeofthebestexamplesofThaisculpturesaroundtheparkreflectinghistoricalfeatures.Thecentrepiecefountainhostsmultimediawaterdanceshows3timesdaily.TheparkoffersoutdoorsportsfacilitiesrarelyfoundatotherpublicparksinBangkok,includingabasketballcourt,rollerskating/skateboardingrink,tenniscourt,andoutdoorswimmingpool.OpeningTime:Dailyfrom5a.m.to9p.m.ChatuchakParkChatuchakParkofferssomethingforeveryoneatthispark.Somemaywalkorjogalongthegreentracksline,whileotherscanappreciatenatureintheThaiLiteratureandHerbGarden.Thepark'snorthernendhasmanytenniscourtsandsoccerfields.Whileyou'rethere,makesurenottomisstheTrainMuseumandYouthTrafficGarden.OpeningTime:Dailyfrom4:30a.m.to9p.m.SanamLuangParkSanamLuangParkhasbeenaroundsincethefoundingofBangkokin1782.TakepartinthekiteflyingfestivalinMarchindifferentshapesandsizesfloatinginthesky.Onmostdays;youcanenjoyafamilypicnicinthebreezylateafternoonwhilewatchinganexcitinggameofvolleyball.OpeningTime:Dailyfrom5a.m.to10p.m.1.Whichparkopensearliesteveryday?A.BenjakittiPark. B.BenjasiriPark.C.ChatuchakPark. D.SanamLuangPark.2.WhatisspecialinBenjasiriParkparedwiththeotherthreeparks?A.Colorfulflowers. B.TraditionalsculpturesC.Soccerfields. D.Walkingtracks.3.WhatdoBenjakittiParkandSanamLuangParkbothhave?A.Atenniscourt. B.Someskatetracks.C.Avolleyballcourt. D.Somepicnicspots.【答案】1.C2.B3.D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇應用文，主要介紹的是泰國首都曼谷的四個公園?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。對比四個公園的開放時間“OpeningTime:Dailyfrom5a.m.to9p.m.（營業(yè)時間：每天早上5點至晚上9點。），OpeningTime:Dailyfrom5a.m.to9p.m.（營業(yè)時間：每天早上5點至晚上9點。），OpeningTime:Dailyfrom4:30a.m.to9p.m.（營業(yè)時間：每天早上4:30至晚上9點。），OpeningTime:Dailyfrom5a.m.to10p.m.（營業(yè)時間：每天早上5點至晚上10點。））”可知，開門最早的公園是ChatuchakPark。故選C。【2題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)BenjasiriPark部分的“BenjasiriParkistheplacetobeforsculpturelovers,withsomeofthebestexamplesofThaisculpturesaroundtheparkreflectinghistoricalfeatures.（Benjasiri公園是雕塑愛好者的地方，公園周圍有一些最好的泰國雕塑，反映了歷史特征。）”可知，與其他三個公園相比，Benjasiri公園的特別之處是傳統(tǒng)雕塑。故選B?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)BenjakittiPark中的“You'llalsofindskatetracks,acentralpavilionwithfountains,andanimpressivehalfcirclecourtyardthat'spopularforpicnics.（你還會發(fā)現(xiàn)溜冰跑道，有噴泉的中央涼亭，以及令人印象深刻的半圓形庭院，那里是野餐的好去處。）”和SanamLuangPark中的“Onmostdays,youcanenjoyafamilypicnicinthebreezylateafternoonwhilewatchinganexcitinggameofvolleyball.（在大多數(shù)日子里，在微風拂面的傍晚，你可以一邊享受家庭野餐，一邊觀看激動人心的排球比賽。）”可知，Benjakitti公園和SanamLuang公園都有一些野餐的地方。故選D。BJapanisanationthatappreciatesthevirtuesofsilenceandgoodmanners.Yet,whenitestoeatingnoodles,Japanesepeoplecanbetheloudestintheworld.AccordingtolifestylewebsiteGrapee.jp,slurping(發(fā)出嘖嘖聲)wheneatingnoodlesisencouragedinJapaneseculture.It'sbelievedthattakingairintoyourmouthcanenhance(提高)theflavorofthenoodlesandhelpcooldownthefood.It'salsoconsideredtobeawaytoshowappreciationforthedish.Sometimes,justmakingthenoisealoneseemstomakethenoodlesmoreenjoyable.Itwasnotuntilanewexpression—“noodleharassment”—cameoutonsocialmediathatJapanesepeoplestartedtorealizetheproblem.Theyfoundthattheslurpingnoisewasmakingsomeforeignvisitorsunfortable.Asaresponse,JapaneseinstantnoodlemakerNissinintroducedasocallednoisecanceling(降噪的)forklastmonth.Theforklookslikeanelectrictoothbrush.Itisconnectedwirelesslytoasmartphone.Whenthepersonusingtheforkstartstoslurp,theforkwillsendasignaltotheperson'sphone.Thenthephonewillplayasoundtomasktheslurpingnoise.Butisitreallynecessary?Diningtraditionsandtablemannersdovary.InIndia,peopleeatwiththeirhands.Theythinktheybuildaconnectionwiththefoodinthisway.However,peoplewhoareusedtoeatingwithforksmightfinditunacceptabletogettheirhandscoveredinoilorsauce.ButthiseatingmethodispartofIndia'sculture,justlikeJapan'sslurpingispartofitsown.“So,ifyouareeatingnoodles,pleaseslurpasyoulike,"wroteaJapanesefoodblogger.“Ifanyonegetsannoyedwhileyouaredoingthat,ignorethem.They'remissingthepointentirely."4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTthereasonforslurpingwheneatingnoodles,accordingtothetext?A.Coolingthenoodlesdown. B.Makingthenoodlesmoretasty.C.Showinggreatrespectforthenoodles. D.Addingtothepleasureofeatingnoodles.5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"harassment"meaninparagraph3mean?A.Anxiety. B.Annoyance.C.Politeness. D.Appreciation6.Howdoesthenoisecancelingforkwork?A.Theforkremovestheslurpingnoise.B.Theforkcanbeusedasanelectrictoothbrush.C.Asmartphoneremindstheusertostopslurpingifasignalissenttoit.D.Asmartphoneplaysasoundtohidethenoisewhenitreceivesasignal.7.WhydoestheauthormentionpeopleinIndiainthispassage?A.ToshowthatforksareunnecessaryinIndianculture.B.Togiveanexampletoshowculturaldifferencearenormal.C.ToshowIndiahasspecialdinningtraditionandtablemanners.D.TotellusthedifferencesineatinghabitsbetweenIndiaandJapan.【答案】4.C5.B6.D7.B【解析】【分析】本文為一篇說明文，介紹了日本啜食文化產生的影響，也說明了文化差異是一種正常現(xiàn)象?！驹斀狻?.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段關鍵句“It'sbelievedthattakingairintoyourmouthcanenhancetheflavorofthenoodlesandhelpcooldownthefood.It'salsoconsideredtobeawaytoshowappreciationforthedish.Sometimes,justmakingthenoisealoneseemstomakethenoodlesmoreenjoyable.”（人們相信，將空氣送入口中可以增強面條的味道，并有助于冷卻食物。這也被認為是一種對這道菜表示欣賞的方式。有時候，僅僅是發(fā)出聲響似乎就能讓面條更美味）可知，吃面條發(fā)出聲音可以冷卻面條，可以使面條更美味，還可以表示對面條的欣賞和喜歡，但不能表達敬意。故選C項。2.詞義猜測題。根據(jù)文章第三段關鍵句中“Japanesepeoplestartedtorealizetheproblem”（日本人開始意識到這個問題）及“Theyfoundthattheslurpingnoisewasmakingsomeforeignvisitorsunfortable.”（他們發(fā)現(xiàn)這種聲音讓一些外國游客感到不舒服）可知，“noodleharassment”表示日本人吃面條的方式給外國人造成了煩惱。harassment與annoyance詞義相近。故選B項。3.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第三段關鍵句“Whenthepersonusingtheforkstartstoslurp,theforkwillsendasignaltotheperson'sphone.Thenthephonewillplayasoundtomasktheslurpingnoise.”（當使用叉子的人開始發(fā)出聲音時，叉子會向這個人的發(fā)送一個信號。然后，會播放一種聲音來掩蓋咀嚼的聲音）可知，噪音消除叉通過傳送信號到對應用餐人的里，播放聲音來掩蓋噪音起效果。故選D項。4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段關鍵句“Butisitreallynecessary?Diningtraditionsandtablemannersdovary.InIndia,peopleeatwiththeirhands.”（但這真的有必要嗎?用餐傳統(tǒng)和餐桌禮儀各不相同。在印度，人們用手吃東西）及“ButthiseatingmethodispartofIndia'sculture,justlikeJapan'sslurpingispartofitsown.”（但這種飲食方式是印度文化的一部分，就像日本的啜食是其文化的一部分一樣）可以推測，作者提及印度人用餐方式是為了舉例說明文化差異是正常的。故選B項。CBlindpeoplehavelongdesiredforbrightness,butscientistsdon’thavethetechnology.Tobringthatonestepclosertoreality,ZhiyongFan,amaterialsscientistoftheHongKongUniversityofScienceandTechnology,developedanewartificialeyerecently.Thedevice,whichisaboutassensitivetolightandhassharpervisionandafasterreactiontimethanarealeyeball,mayoutperformhumaneyes.Thehumaneyeowesitswidefieldofviewandcleareyesighttotheretina(視網膜)—anareaatthebackoftheeyeballcoveredinlightdetectingcells.Thedesignforanewartificialeyeisbasedonthestructureofthehumaneyeandusesafriendlylightsensitivematerial.Atthebackoftheeyeball,anartificialretinaislinedwithNanscalelightsensors(納米級光感器).Thosesensorsmeasurelightthatpassesthroughthelens(晶狀體)atthefrontoftheeye.Wiresattachedtothebackoftheretinasendsignalsfromthosesensorstotheprocessor,similartothewaynervenetworksconnecttheeyeballtothebrain.“Inthefuture,wecanusethistoreplacedamagedhumaneyes,”saystheleaddesigner.Intheory,thisartificialeyecouldseemoreclearlythanthehumaneye,becausetheartificialretinacontainsabout460millionlightsensorspersquarecentimeterwhilearealretinahasabout10millionlightdetectingcellspersquarecentimeter.Besides,theartificialeyeballrecordschangesinlightingfasterthanhumaneyescan—withinabout30to40milliseconds,ratherthan40to150milliseconds.Althoughits100degreefieldofviewisn’tasbroadasthe150degreesahumaneyecantakein,thedevicecanseeaswellasthehumaneyeinpoorlight.HongruiJiang,anelectricalengineerattheUniversityofWisconsin,though,thinksengineersneedamuchmorepracticalandefficientwaytoproducevastseriesoftinywiresonthebackoftheartificialeyeballtogiveitsuperhumansight,whichissuperhardtoachieve.8.WhydoesZhiyongFandeveloptheartificialeye?A.Toreplacepeople’srealeyeballs. B.Togainasharpervision.C.Tohelptheblindregaintheireyesight. D.Tohelpnormaleyesperformbetter.9.Whatisparagraph2mainlyabout?A.Thedesignoftheartificialeye.B.Thestructureofthehumaneye.C.Theadvantagesoftheartificialeye.D.Thematerialusedfortheartificialeye.10.Whatcanwelearnabouttheartificialeyeandthehumaneye?A.Theyhavethesamestructure.B.Theartificialeyemayseemoreclearly.C.Thehumaneyeseesbetterinweaklight.D.Theartificialeyetakesinabroaderview.11.WhichwordbestdescribesHongruiJiang’sattitudetotheartificialeye?A.Doubtful. B.Favorable. C.Tolerant. D.Ambiguous.【答案】8C9.A10.B11.A【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。主要介紹了香港科技大學的一位科學家開發(fā)人工眼幫助盲人重獲光明?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。由第一段“Blindpeoplehavelongdesiredforbrightness,butscientistsdon’thavethetechnology.Tobringthatonestepclosertoreality,ZhiyongFan,amaterialsscientistoftheHongKongUniversityofScienceandTechnology,developedanewartificialeyerecently.”（盲人長期以來一直渴望光明，但科學家們沒有這項技術。為了讓這一點更接近現(xiàn)實，香港科技大學材料科學家范志勇最近開發(fā)了一種新的人工眼。）可知，發(fā)明人工眼的目的是幫助盲人重獲光明。故選C項。【9題詳解】主旨大意題。由第二段“Thedesignforanewartificialeyeisbasedonthestructureofthehumaneyeandusesafriendlylightsensitivematerial.”（新型人工眼的設計基于人眼的結構，并使用了一種友好的光敏材料。）可知，第二段主要講人工眼的結構設計。故選A項?！?0題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。由第三段“Intheory,thisartificialeyecouldseemoreclearlythanthehumaneye,becausetheartificialretinacontainsabout460millionlightsensorspersquarecentimeterwhilearealretinahasabout10millionlightdetectingcellspersquarecentimeter.”（理論上，這種人造眼比人眼看得更清楚，因為人造視網膜每平方厘米包含大約4.6億個光傳感器，而真正的視網膜每平方厘米有大約1000萬個光檢測細胞。）可知，理論上人工眼可能比真正的眼睛看得更清楚。故選B項?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題。由尾段“HongruiJiang,anelectricalengineerattheUniversityofWisconsin,though,thinksengineersneedamuchmorepracticalandefficientwaytoproducevastseriesoftinywiresonthebackoftheartificialeyeballtogiveitsuperhumansight,whichissuperhardtoachieve.”（不過，威斯康星大學的電氣工程師姜宏瑞認為，工程師們需要一種更實用、更有效的方法，在人造眼球的背面生產大量的細線，使其具有超人的視力，而這很難實現(xiàn)。）可知，他認為科學家們設想的很難達成。持懷疑的態(tài)度。故選A項。DChina’syoungpeoplehavecreatedyetanotherwordtoreflecttheirgrowingdisappointmentwiththestressfulworkculture.Thenewlifestylehotword,tangping,isanactionratherthanafeeling—decidingtojustgoby,usingaminimumeffortatanunsatisfactoryjob.Wendysaidthatherlyingdownphilosophycouldbesummedupas“Puttingthepeacefulnessofthebodyandsoulfirst.”“Accordingtothemainstreamstandard,agoodlifestylemustincludeworkinghard,tryingtogetgoodresultsonworkevaluations,strugglingtobuyahouseandacar,andhavingbabies,”shesaid,“However,Iamlookingforwardto‘lyingdownentirely’—quittingmyjobandlivingoffmysavings.”TangpinghaseunderfirefromChinesestatemedia.“Nomatterwhat,youngpeoplemusthaveconfidenceinthefuture,”readanewspaper.“Chinaistheworld’smostpopulouscountry,withrichlaborresourcesandahugemarketadvantage.Theonlyhappylifeisahardworkinglife.“Thelyingdownmunityobviouslyisn’tgoodforthecountry’seconomicandsocialdevelopment,”saidGuangmingDaily.However,thenewspaperaddedthattangpingshouldn’tbeignoredwithoutreflection:ifChinawantstoencouragehardworkintheyounggeneration,itshouldfirsttrytoimprovetheirqualityoflife.“Thestateisworriedaboutwhatwouldhappenifeveryonestoppedworking,”saidHuangPing,aliteratureprofessor.“Buthumansaren’tmerelytoolsformakingthings,”hesaid.Toliedownisareasonablechoiceratherthananegativeattitude.Forsomeyoungpeople,it’sawayforthemtoreducepressure.“Whenyoucan’tcatchupwithsociety’sdevelopment—say,highhouseprices—tangpingisactuallythemostpracticalchoice.”hesaid.Lyingdowncanbeseenastheoppositeofinvolution(內卷),referringtosocietiesbeingtrappedincontinualcyclesofpetition.“Inarelativelygoodsocialenvironment,peoplemayfeelinvoluted,butatleastthey’retrying”hesaid.“Ifit’sworse,peoplewilltangping.”Alternatively,themoremotivatedamongtheyounggenerationhaveacceptedFIRE—“FinancialIndependence,RetireEarly”—inthehopeofsomedayescapingtheseverepetitiononceandforall.12.WhatisWendy’sgoalinlife?A.Tokeepupwithsociety’sdevelopment. B.Todependonhersavingstolive.C.Togetpromotedinherpany. D.Tobehighlyevaluatedatwork.13.Whatdostatemediathinktheyoungshoulddo?A.Improvetheirqualityoflife. B.ReflectonChina’sdevelopment.C.Basetheirfutureonhardwork. D.Liveahappylifebylyingdown.14.WhatdoesProfessorHuangthinkofthe“l(fā)yingdown”style?A.Itmeanslowqualityoflifefortheyoung.B.Itpreventsthedevelopmentofsociety.C.Itmotivatestheyoungtoweletheirfuture.D.Itremovestheheavylifepressurefromtheyoung.15.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelasttwoparagraphs?A.Ahealthysocietydoesn’tinvolvepetition.B.Youngpeoplepreferinvolutiontotangping.C.Severepetitionisthemaincauseoflyingdown.D.Moreactiveyoungpeoplefavourseverepetition.【答案】12.B13.C14.D15.C【解析】【分析】這是一篇新聞報道。主要介紹了中國的流行熱詞“躺平”，及其背后所反映的社會問題與現(xiàn)象?！?2題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。由第二段“However,Iamlookingforwardto‘lyingdownentirely’—quittingmyjobandlivingoffmysavings.(然而，我期待“完全躺平”——辭掉工作，靠積蓄謀生)”可知，Wendy打算依賴她的存款生活。故選B項?！?3題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。由第三段“Theonlyhappylifeisahardworkinglife.(唯一幸福的生活是勤勞的生活)”可知，媒體認為年輕人應該通過努力工作，創(chuàng)造未來。故選C項?！?4題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。由第四段“Toliedownisareasonablechoiceratherthananegativeattitude.Forsomeyoungpeople,it’sawayforthemtoreducepressure.(躺平是一種合理的選擇，而不是消極的態(tài)度。對于一些年輕人來說，這是他們減壓的一種方式)”可知，黃教授認為躺平生活方式消除了年輕人沉重的生活壓力。故選D項?！?5題詳解】推理判斷題。由尾段“Alternatively,themoremotivatedamongtheyounggenerationhaveacceptedFIRE—“FinancialIndependence,RetireEarly”—inthehopeofsomedayescapingtheseverepetitiononceandforall.(或者，年輕一代中更有動力的人接受了FIRE——“財務獨立，提早退休”——希望有一天能一勞永逸地擺脫激烈的競爭)”可知，競爭壓力大才是大家選擇躺平模式的主要原因。故選C項。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)根據(jù)短文內容，從文后選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Can'tResistJunkFood?StudySuggestsYouTryThisSimpleTrickYou'retiredandhungry.Thenyoucatchawhiffofsomethingdelicious,probablyfriedandalmostcertainlyfattening.Itisfriedchicken!____16____Anewresearchsaysthatexposingtothesmellofjunkfoodforatleasttwominutescanactuallyhelpyoumakehealthierfoodchoices.Let'stakeacloserlookatthisprocess.Haveyouevernoticedthatwhateverappetizingtreatcatchesyournose'sattentiontendstobemostappealingjustafteryoufirstsmellit?Whatwillhappenifyou'restandinginlineafteracoupleofminutes?____17____Andrecentsciencesaysthatthisisactuallytherightmomenttowalkaway.Theresultsofaseriesofexperiments,includingfieldstudiesatasupermarketandatamiddleschoolcafeteria,showthatextendedexposure(ofmorethantwominutes)tojunkfoodsmell(e.g,cookiesmell)leadstolowerpurchasesofunhealthyfoodsparedwithhealthysmell(e.g.strawberrysmell).____18____Thatiswhylongexposuretojunkfoodsmellcanbeassatisfactoryasactuallyhavingitinyourmouth,whichinturndecreasesthedesireforconsumptionofjunkfood.____19____Whentheexposuretosmellofhealthyfoodwereexamined,foodchoiceswerenotprofoundlyinfluenced.Thereasonforthisisthathealthyfoodarenotconnectedwithrewardinourbrainandthereforehavelittleinfluenceonwhatwedesire.Sonexttimeyou'refeelingyoudon'thavethewillpowertoresistthatFrenchfries,itmightbeassimpleassittingthereandsmellingallthatsweetnessforjustaminuteortwo.____20____A.Butwaitaminutebeforeyouorder.B.It'saresponsethathasbeenresearched.C.Getthesatisfactionwithnoneofthecalories.D.Itisn'tquiteasirresistibleasitwasjustmomentsago.E.However,it'snotthesamecasewithsmellofhealthyfood.F.It'sthesameasactuallyeatingitbecauseyourdesiretoeatitissatisfied.G.Thebraindoesn'tnecessarilydistinguishbetweenapleasurablesmellortaste.【答案】16.A17.D18.G19.E20.F【解析】【分析】本文為說明文，介紹了幾項抵制垃圾食品誘惑的技巧?！?6題詳解】根據(jù)下一句“Anewresearchsaysthatexposingtothesmellofjunkfoodforatleasttwominutescanactuallyhelpyoumakehealthierfoodchoices."可知，暴露在垃圾食品中至少兩分鐘會幫助你選擇健康食品，所以本句與等待時間有關，表達“但是在預定之前先等一下”。故A選項“但是在預定之前先等一下”切題。故選A?！?7題詳解】根據(jù)前文連發(fā)的兩個問句可知，垃圾食品在第一次被聞到時非常吸引人，那么在排隊等了幾分鐘之后會發(fā)生什么呢?根據(jù)下一句可知，這恰恰是要離開的時刻，可知，本句在表達“它已經不像幾分鐘之前那么不可抗拒了。”故D選項“它已經不像幾分鐘之前那么不可抗拒了”切題。故選D?！?8題詳解】根據(jù)本段開頭提示，可知一系列的實驗結果表明暴露在垃圾食品的氣味中多于兩分鐘后會導致垃圾食品購買量的下降，在進行客觀結果描述，所以排除易錯選項F，同時，下一句在解釋聞到氣味就如同嘴巴吃到了一樣滿足?？芍仗幩诰湟磉_大腦對味覺和嗅覺區(qū)分不明顯。故G選項“大腦對味覺和嗅覺區(qū)分不明顯”切題。故選選G?！?9題詳解】從下一句“當檢測健康食物的氣味時，食物選擇并沒有受到很大的影響?！笨梢缘弥崭駜热菖c健康食物的氣味相關，并且表達轉折的語義。故E選項“然而，健康食物的味道就不一樣了?！鼻蓄}。故選E?！?0題詳解】根據(jù)前句“itmightbeassimpleassittingthereandsmellingallthatsweetnessforjustaminuteortwo."（最簡單的方法是坐在那里聞上一兩分鐘香甜的味道）與選項中“It’sthesameasactuallyeatingitbecauseyourdesiretoeatitissatisfied.(聞到味道與吃到它是一樣可以滿足愿望的。)承接自然，話題一致。故選F。第三部分語言運用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀短文，從文后各題所給A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。ForalittlegirlgrowingupinColombia,asciencecareerwithNASAmayseemimpossible.Trujillo,however,isanaerospace____21____wholeadsateamattheNASAlaboratory____22____fortheroboticarmofthelatestMarsrover(火星探測器).HowdidTrujillogofromsimplydreamingabouttheuniverseto____23____exploringit?That'sataleof____24____writteninthestars.Bornin1983,evenasayounggirlTrujillowas____25____ofherpassionforscience.Butshedoubtedhowfarshe'dbeableto____26____inamaledominatedfield.ThenherdadofferedtosendhertoMiami.Only17atthetime,she____27____theoffer.Trujillotookaseriesofhousekeeping____28____toputherselfthroughMiamiDadeCollege.Sometimesshewascleaningbathroomstohelppayherwaythroughher____29____.Butshedidn't______30______"Isaweverythingingmywayasanopportunity."Thencameanotherlifechangingmoment.ShebecamethefirstHispanic(西班牙語國家的)womantobe______31______totheNASAAcademy.Later,shebecameanengineeratNASA'sGoddardSpaceFlightCenter.ThisFebruary,whenthePerseverancerover______32______onthesurfaceofMars,itwas______33______bymentary(解說)fromTrujilloinNASA'sfirsteverSpanishlanguage______34______.Trujillo'sownstoryis______35______thatjustbeyondthebarrierliesanentireuniverseofopportunitieswaitingforanyonewillingtoworkhardenoughtoreachforthestars.21.A.astronaut B.pilot C.engineer D.guide22.A.eager B.responsible C.concerned D.grateful23.A.actually B.hardly C.accurately D.repeatedly24.A.innovation B.kindness C.passion D.sympathy25.A.certain B.approved C.afraid D.fond26.A.respond B.rise C.invest D.apply27.A.madeup B.turnedup C.pickedup D.tookup28.A.measures B.activities C.jobs D.courses29.A.studies B.purchases C.recreations D.trips30.A.clarify B.fear C.perceive D.plain31.A.applied B.admitted C.assigned D.introduced32.A.originated B.generated C.landed D.waited33.A.acpanied B.distracted C.estimated D.occupied34.A.theory B.broadcast C.ment D.performance35.A.career B.information C.petence D.proof【答案】21.C22.B23.A24.C25.A26.B27.D28.C29.A30.D31.B32.C33.A34.B35.D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了Trujillo作為一位女性，靠著努力和毅力一步步成為了美國宇航局的工程師的故事?！?1題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，Trujillo是一名航空航天工程師，她領導著美國宇航局實驗室的一個團隊，負責最新火星探測器的機械臂。A.astronaut宇航員；B.pilot飛行員；C.engineer工程師；D.guide指導；向導。根據(jù)下文“Later,shebecameanengineeratNASA'sGoddardSpaceFlightCenter.”可知，Trujillo成為美國宇航局工程師。故選C?！?2題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，Trujillo是一名航空航天工程師，她領導著美國宇航局實驗室的一個團隊，負責最新火星探測器的機械臂。A.eager渴望的；B.responsible負責任的；C.concerned擔心的；D.grateful感激的。beresponsiblefor負責……。根據(jù)“Trujillo,however,isanaerospace____1____wholeadsateamattheNASAlaboratory”可知，Trujillo領導的團隊負責最新火星探測器的機械臂。故選B?！?3題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：Trujillo是如何從只是夢想著宇宙變成真正的探索宇宙的呢？A.actually事實上；B.hardly幾乎不；C.accurately準確地；D.repeatedly重復地。根據(jù)“HowdidTrujillogofromsimplydreamingabouttheuniverse”可知，Trujillo從夢想變成了現(xiàn)實，在現(xiàn)實中真正的探索宇宙。故選A?！?4題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：那是一個寫在星星上的充滿激情的故事。A.innovation創(chuàng)新；B.kindness善良；C.passion熱情；D.sympathy同情。根據(jù)文章開頭“ForalittlegirlgrowingupinColombia,asciencecareerwithNASAmayseemimpossible.”可知，對于一個女孩要進入美國宇航局工作是非常難的一件事，而這位女孩做到了。所以此處表達她的整個經歷充滿了激情。故選C。【25題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：Trujillo出生于1983年，盡管她還是個小女孩，但她肯定自己對科學的熱情。A.certain確信的；B.approved贊成的；C.afraid害怕的；擔心的；D.fond喜愛的。根據(jù)上文“HowdidTrujillogofromsimplydreamingabouttheuniverseto3exploringit?”可知，她一直夢想著探索宇宙，結合此句中的even，所以此處表示甚至在她還很小時，就確定了對科學的追求和喜愛。故選A?！?6題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：但她不確定自己在一個男性主導的領域地位能提高多少。A.respond回應；B.rise上升；地位提高；C.invest投資；投入；D.apply申請；應用。根據(jù)“inamaledominatedfield”可知，在這樣一個男性主導的領域里，Trujillo不知道的努力和堅持讓自己能走多遠，地位能提高多少。故選B?！?7題詳解】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：當時只有17歲，她接受了這個提議。A.madeup編造；B.turnedup出現(xiàn)；調大；C.pickedup撿起；學會；D.tookup接受（建議或主意）；占據(jù)。根據(jù)“ThenherdadofferedtosendhertoMiami.”她爸爸提出送她去邁阿密，下文“Trujillotookaseriesofhousekeeping8toputherselfthroughMiamiDadeCollege.”提到她去邁阿密上大學，所以此處表示，她接受了爸爸讓她去邁阿密的提議。故選D?！?8題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：Trujillo做了一系列家務活，讓自己讀完了邁阿密戴德學院。A.measures措施；B.activities活動；C.jobs工作；D.courses課程。根據(jù)“toputherselfthroughMiamiDadeCollege.”可知，她給別人做家務活，也就是通過家務工作，掙錢讓自己完成學業(yè)。故選C。【29題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：有時她打掃浴室以幫助她完成學業(yè)。A.studies學習；研究；B.purchases購買東西；C.recreations休閑活動；D.trips旅行。根據(jù)“Sometimesshewascleaningbathrooms”可知，Trujillo通過打掃浴室?guī)椭约和瓿蓪W業(yè)。故選A?！?0題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：但她沒有抱怨，她把一切都看成是一個機會。A.clarify闡明；B.fear害怕；C.perceive認為；D.plain抱怨。根據(jù)“Isaweverythingingmywayasanopportunity”可知，她把遇到的一切都當作機會，所以盡管學習完成不易，但是她不抱怨。故選D。【31題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：她成為第一個被美國宇航局學院錄取的西班牙女性。A.applied申請；應用；B.admitted承認；準許……進入；C.assigned分配；分派；D.introduced介紹。beadmittedto被……錄取。根據(jù)“Thencameanotherlifechangingmoment.”可知，Trujillo被美國宇航局學院錄取，這是它人生的轉折點。故選B?！?2題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：今年2月，當“毅力號”火星車在火星表面著陸時，美國宇航局同時廣播了Trujillo的解說，這是首次西班牙語的播報。A.originated起源；B.generated產生；C.landed降落；著陸；D.waited等待。根據(jù)“onthesurfaceofMars,”可知，此處表示的是“毅力號”在火星表面著陸。故選C。【33題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：今年2月，當“毅力號”火星車在火星表面著陸時，美國宇航局同時廣播了Trujillo的解說，這是首次西班牙語的播報。A.acpanied陪伴；伴隨；B.distracted分散；C.estimated估計；D.occupied占據(jù)。根據(jù)“bymentary(解說)fromTrujilloinNASA'sfirsteverSpanishlanguage____14____.”可知，此處表示的是“毅力號”著陸時，同時伴隨著廣播中Trujillo的西班牙語的解說。故選A?！?4題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：今年2月，當“毅力號”火星車在火星表面著陸時，美國宇航局同時廣播了Trujillo的解說，這是首次西班牙語的播報。A.theory理論；B.broadcast廣播節(jié)目；C.ment評論；D.performance表演；表現(xiàn)。根據(jù)“itwas____13____bymentary(解說)fromTrujilloinNASA'sfirsteverSpanishlanguage”可知，“毅力號”在火星著陸時，廣播播報Trujillo用西班牙語所做的解說。故選B。【35題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：Trujillo自己的故事證明，越過障礙，有一個充滿機遇的宇宙在等待著任何愿意努力工作去接近星星的人。A.career職業(yè)；B.information信息；C.petence能力；勝任；D.proof證據(jù)；證明。根據(jù)“justbeyondthebarrierliesanentireuniverseofopportunitieswaitingforanyonewillingtoworkhardenoughtoreachforthestars.”可知，她的故事是一種證明，表明了越過障礙，有一個充滿機遇的宇宙在等待著任何愿意努力工作去接近宇宙的人。故選D。第二節(jié)語法填空(共10小題;每小題1.5分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當?shù)膯卧~或括號內單詞的正確形式。Theremainsofagoldmaskareamongthe3,000yearoldartifacts(歷史文物)foundatSanxingdui,a4.6squaremileareaoutsideChengdu,capitalofSichuanprovince.___36___(weigh)about280gramsandestimatedtobemadefrom84%gold,themaskisoneofover500itemsunearthedfromsixnewlydiscovered“sacrificialpits(祭祀坑)”inSanxingdui.Morethan50000ancientartifacts___37___(find)atSanxingduisincethe1920s,whenalocalfarmer___38___(accidental)cameuponanumberofrelicsatthesite.Amajorbreakthrough___39___(occur)in1986,withthediscoveryoftwoceremonialpitscontainingover1,000items.Discoveriesmadeatthesitedatebacktothe12thand11thcenturiesBC,andmanyoftheitemsarenow___40___displayatanonsitemuseum.Thesitehaspletelychangedexperts’understandingof___41___theancientcivilizationdevelopedinChina.Inparticular,___42___(evident)suggeststhattheuniqueancientShusocietydevelopedindependentlyofneighboringculturesintheYellowRiverValley,___43___wastraditionallyconsideredtobetheoriginofChinesecivilization.AlongwithotherShuarchaeological___44___(site),itiscreditedbytheUNas“___45___outstandingrepresentativeoftheBronzeAgeCivilizationofChina,EastAsiaandeventheworld.”【答案】36.Weighing37.havebeenfound38accidentally39.occurred40.on41.how42.evidence43.which44.sites45.an【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了三星堆遺址又有重大發(fā)現(xiàn)——發(fā)現(xiàn)黃金面具?！驹斀狻?.考查非謂語動詞。句意：這個面具重約280克，估計由84%的黃金制成，是三星堆新發(fā)現(xiàn)的六個“祭祀坑”出土的500多件物品之一。分析句子結構可知，“themaskisoneofover500itemsunearthedfromsixnewlydiscovered“sacrificialpits(祭祀坑)”inSanxingdui.”是主句，“________(weigh)about280gramsandestimatedtobemadefrom84%gold,”是非謂語動詞做狀語，且動詞weigh(有......重；重達)的邏輯主語是主句主語themask(面具)，且二者之間是主動關系，應用現(xiàn)在分詞形式，單詞位于句首，首字母大寫，故填Weighing。2.考查時態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意：自20世紀20年代以來，在三星堆發(fā)現(xiàn)了5萬多件文物，當時是一位當?shù)剞r民偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)了一些文物。分析句子結構可知，此處做謂語，根據(jù)時間標志詞“sincethe1920s”(自從20世紀20年代以來)可知，此處應該用現(xiàn)在完成時，且主語是Morethan50,000ancientartifacts(5萬多件文物)，是復數(shù)，主語與動詞find二者之間是被動關系，所以應用現(xiàn)在完成時的被動，即havebeenfound，故填havebeenfound。3.考查副詞。句意：自20世紀20年代以來，在三星堆發(fā)現(xiàn)了5萬多件文物，當時是一位當?shù)剞r民偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)了一些文物。由空后的動詞短語cameupon(偶然遇到；碰到)可知，此處用副詞修飾，故填accidently。4.考查時態(tài)。句意：1986年有一個重大突破，那就是發(fā)現(xiàn)了兩個儀式坑，里面有超過1000件物品。分析句子結構可知，此處做謂語，且句子描述的是過去的事，應用一般過去時，且occur(發(fā)生)是不及物動詞，無被動形式，故填occurred。5.考查介詞。句意：這個遺址的發(fā)現(xiàn)可以追溯到公元前12和11世紀，許多物品現(xiàn)在在一個現(xiàn)場博物館展出。Ondisplay是固定搭配，表示“展出”，故填on。6.考查賓語從句連接詞。句意：這個遺址完全改變了專家們對中國古代文明發(fā)展的理解。分析句子結構可知，句子“_____theancientcivilizationdevelopedi