必修二Unit3TheInternet語(yǔ)法知識(shí)讀后續(xù)寫筑基講義（原卷版）

Part1單元語(yǔ)法講義現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)Part2讀后續(xù)寫素材五官表情描寫Part3單元語(yǔ)法+讀后續(xù)寫即時(shí)檢測(cè)必修二Unit3TheInternetPart1單元語(yǔ)法講義現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)一．現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成肯定句向式：主語(yǔ)＋have/hasbeen＋過去分詞否定句向式：主語(yǔ)+have/hasnotbeen＋過去分詞一般疑問句句式：Have/Has＋主語(yǔ)＋been＋過去分詞？特殊疑問向句式：疑問詞＋have/has＋主語(yǔ)+been+過去分詞？二．現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的用法從時(shí)態(tài)角度看，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)一樣，主要用來表達(dá)：①過去動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響;②過去動(dòng)作的持續(xù);③對(duì)過去歷史的回顧。1.表示過去的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，通常與already,yet,just,never,recently等副詞連用.Theproblemhasalreadybeensolved.問題已經(jīng)被解決了。（現(xiàn)在不再有困擾了）Ihavebeentoldaboutthatmatter.我已被告知那件事情了。（“我”現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)知道了）2.表示一個(gè)被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作從過去開始一直持線到現(xiàn)在，并有可能持線下去。常與for或since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，或用于“Howlong..?”句型中。Financialproblemsofthepanyhavebeendiscussedfornearlytwohours.這家公司的財(cái)務(wù)問題已被討論了近兩個(gè)小時(shí)Howlonghasthisbookbeenkept?這本書已被借了多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間？3.用在時(shí)間或條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，表示將來已完成的動(dòng)作，即用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)代替將來完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。Don'tdrinkthewateruntilithasbeencooled.在水涼下來之前不要喝。YoucanwatchTVaslongasyourhomeworkhasbeenfinished.你只要做完了作業(yè)就可以看電視。4.表示過去的經(jīng)歷。經(jīng)常與often,never,ever,only,once,twice,before,since,thefirsttime等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。HasthiskindofworkeverbeendonebyMary?這種工作瑪麗曾經(jīng)做過嗎？ThisisthefirsttimeTornhasbeeninvitedtoperformonthestage.這是湯姆第一次被邀請(qǐng)?jiān)谖枧_(tái)上表演。特別注意：常與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)連用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：already已經(jīng)；yet已經(jīng)；recently/lately最近；sincethen從那時(shí)起；eversince自那以來；ever曾經(jīng)；foralongtime很長(zhǎng)一段時(shí)間；sofar迄今為止；bynow到現(xiàn)在為止；inrecentyears在最近幾年里；in/during/overthepast/lastfewyears在過去的幾年里三由主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)到被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)換1.“主＋動(dòng)＋賓(S+V+0）”結(jié)構(gòu)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)“主十動(dòng)＋賓（S+V+0）”結(jié)構(gòu)在變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，原來的賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)，原來的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞變?yōu)椤癰e＋過去分詞”形式，原來的主語(yǔ)在被動(dòng)句中由by引導(dǎo),通?？梢允÷?。Wehavebuiltmanybridgesinthepasttenyears.在過去的10年中，我們建了許多橋梁?！鶰anybridgeshavebeenbuilt(byus)inthepasttenyears.Imetmyoldfriendonthestreetyesterday.我昨天在街上碰到了我的老朋友?！鶰yoldfriendwasmetonthestreetyesterday.Wearelookingintothematter.我們正在調(diào)查這件事→Thismatterisbeinglookedinto(byus).2.“主＋動(dòng)＋間接賓語(yǔ)＋直接賓語(yǔ)(S+V+IO+DO）”結(jié)構(gòu)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)“主十動(dòng)＋間接賓語(yǔ)＋直接賓語(yǔ)(s+V+10+DO）“結(jié)構(gòu)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，可以將兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)中的任何個(gè)賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)向的主語(yǔ)。這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)的轉(zhuǎn)換分為兩種：一種可以轉(zhuǎn)化為帶介詞to的結(jié)構(gòu)，一種可以轉(zhuǎn)化為帶介詞for的結(jié)構(gòu)。（1）轉(zhuǎn)化為帶介詞to的結(jié)構(gòu)有些帶雙賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)換為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，可以有兩種形式，即：可用直拱賓語(yǔ)或何接賓語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)?？梢赃@樣轉(zhuǎn)化的動(dòng)詞主要有bring.give,band,lend,send,offer,pass,sell,show,tell等。Wegavehimsomebooks./Wegavesomebookstohim.→Hewasgivensomebooks./Somebooksweregiventohim.Lizasentmeanemail./Lizasentanemailtome.莉莎給我發(fā)了一封電子郵件→AnemailwassenttomebyLiza./IwassentanemailbyLiza.轉(zhuǎn)化為帶介詞for的結(jié)構(gòu)有些帶雙賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)換為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，通常要用直接賓語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)，不用間接賓語(yǔ);一般在間接賓語(yǔ)前用介詞for?？梢赃@樣轉(zhuǎn)化的動(dòng)詞主要有buy,make,ind,get,do,fetch,order,sing等。Heboughthisgirlfriendanicegift./Heboughtanicegiftforhisgirlfriend.他給女朋友買了一份很棒的禮物。→Anicegiftwasboughtforhisgirlfriend(byhim)Mymothermademeaskirt./Mymothermadeaskirtforme.我媽媽給我做了一條裙子?！鶤skirtwasmadeformebymymother.3.“主+動(dòng)＋賓＋賓補(bǔ)(S+V+0+C)”緒構(gòu)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)“主＋動(dòng)＋賓＋賓補(bǔ)(S+V+O+C）“結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，應(yīng)將主動(dòng)句中的賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。帶有形式賓語(yǔ)it的句子一般把it變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句的主語(yǔ)。Theyhavemadethedesertedtempletheirshelter.他們把那座荒廢的寺廟變成了他們的避難所。→Thedesertedtemplehasbeenmadetheirshelter.那座荒廢的寺廟被變成了他們的避難所。Wealwayskeeptheclassroomclean.我們總是保持教室清潔。→Theclassroomisalwayskeptclean.教室總是被保特清潔。Theyaskedmetohelpthem.他們叫我?guī)椭麄?。→Iwasaskedtohelpthem.我被叫去幫助他們了。Wesawthemplayingfootball.我們看到他們?cè)谔咦闱颉鶷heywereseenplayingfootball.他們被人看見在踢足球。Weconsideritwrongtoshoutatchildrenwhomakemistakes.我們認(rèn)為訓(xùn)斥犯了錯(cuò)誤的孩子是不對(duì)的?！鶬tisconsideredwrongtoshoutatchildrenwhomakemistakes.訓(xùn)斥犯了錯(cuò)誤的孩子被認(rèn)為是不對(duì)的。重要提示：1.在see,hear,listento,lookat,feel等感官動(dòng)詞（詞組)后，作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞不定式都不帶to，但變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)后要加上to。WeoftenhearLilysing.我們經(jīng)常聽到莉莉唱歌。→Lilyisoftenheardtosing.經(jīng)常有人聽到莉莉唱歌。2.makesb.dosth.等不帶to的不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的結(jié)構(gòu)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)時(shí)也要加上to。Youdon'thavetomakePeterworkhard.彼得沒必要被逼迫努力學(xué)習(xí)。特別提醒:watch和notice這兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞，不定式作賓補(bǔ)可以有主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：watch/noticesb.dosth.，但沒有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，不可以說：Hewaswatched/noticedtogooutoftheoffice.。此外have也是如此，我們可以說：havesb.dosth.，不可以說：Hewashadtodothejobatonce..你沒有必要逼迫彼得努力學(xué)習(xí)?！鶳eterdoesn'thavetobemadetoworkhard.彼得沒必要被逼迫努力學(xué)習(xí)。Part2讀后續(xù)寫素材五官表情描寫1.有關(guān)head的表情描寫drop/lower/bend/bowone’shead低下頭nodone’shead低頭shakeone’shead搖頭scratchone’shead撓頭scratch[skr?t]抓；撓restone’sheadon把頭靠在...上面buryone’shead把頭埋起來clearone’shead清醒一下頭腦feelone’sheadspinning覺得天旋地轉(zhuǎn)spin[spin]旋轉(zhuǎn);眩暈Headfor/towards朝...走去翻譯小練習(xí)：1.他羞愧地低下了頭。2.他們點(diǎn)頭同意。3.她懷疑地?fù)u搖頭。4.他撓了撓頭，一個(gè)字也聽不懂。5.她用枕頭捂住腦袋。6.她將頭靠在他的肩膀上。7.我決定去走走，清醒一下頭腦。8.他只喝了一杯就覺得天旋地轉(zhuǎn)。9.他轉(zhuǎn)身朝門口走去。參考答案：1.Hedropped/lowered/bent/bowedhisheadinshame.2.Theynoddedtheirheadsinagreement.3.Sheshookherheadindisbelief.4.Hescratchedhishead,notunderstandingaword.5.Sheburiedherheadinthepillow.6.Sherestedherheadonhisshoulder.7.Idecidedtogoforawalktoclearmyhead.8.Hecouldfeelhisheadspinningafteronlyonedrink.9.Heturnedandheadedforthedoor.2.有關(guān)face的表情描寫abrightsmile燦爛的笑容one’sfacebrightened某人的臉上煥發(fā)出了光彩one’sfacegrowserious表情變得嚴(yán)肅one’sfacelookedalittleconfused某人看起來有點(diǎn)因惑one'sfaceflushed/burnedwithembarrassment.某人的臉窘得滿臉通紅one’sfacepaledwithfright某人的臉嚇得都白了hadaslightfrownonone’sface某人愁眉不展的樣子翻譯小練習(xí)：1.他的臉上露出了燦爛的笑容。2.我給她禮物時(shí)，他的臉上煥發(fā)出了光彩。3.他的表情突然嚴(yán)肅起來。4.他看起來有點(diǎn)因惑。5.杰克窘得滿臉通紅。flush[fl??]臉紅6.她嚇得臉都白了。7.他的臉上現(xiàn)出有點(diǎn)兒愁眉不展的樣子。參考答案：1.Abrightsmileappearedonhisface.2.Herfacelitup/brightened/glowedwhenIgaveherthepresent.3.Hisfacesuddenlygrewserious.4.Hisfacelookedalittleconfused.5.Jack'sfaceflushed/burnedwithembarrassment.6.Herfacepaledwithfright.7.Hehadaslightfrownonhisface.3.有關(guān)cheek的表情描寫one’scheeksburningwithshame某人因?yàn)樾呃⒍械侥橆a發(fā)燒one’scheeksarewetwithtears某人淚流滿面colorrushed/floodedtoone’scheeks某人漲紅了臉atearsliddownone’scheek一滴淚順著某人的臉頰滑落下來kissedsbonbothcheeks親了某人的臉頰翻譯小練習(xí):1.他因?yàn)樾呃⒍械侥橆a發(fā)燒。2.她淚流滿面。3.意識(shí)到有人在看她，她頓時(shí)漲紅了臉。4.一滴淚順著她的臉頰滑落下來。5.他親了親她的臉頰，然后上了火車。參考答案：1.Hefelthischeeksburningwithshame.2.Hercheekswerewetwithtears.3.Colorrushed/floodedtohercheekswhensherealizedshewasbeingwatched.4.Atearsliddownhercheek.5.Hekissedheronbothcheeksandgotonthetrain.4.有關(guān)eye的表情描寫one’seyesarewidewithhorror某人驚恐地瞪大了眼睛one’seyesshinewithexcitement某人眼里閃爍著興奮的光芒one’seyesfilledwithtears某人的眼里充滿淚水one’seyesfallonsomeplace某人的目光落在..lookatsbstraightintheeye直視某人的眼睛one’seyesfixon......某人的目光緊盯著......one’seyesscan......某人的眼睛掃視......one’seyesdroppedto......某人垂下眼睛看著......翻譯小練習(xí):1.他驚恐地瞪大了眼睛。2.她笑了，眼里閃爍著興奮的光芒。3.她的眼里充滿淚水。4.那條狗饑餓的目光落在我的三明治。fallon/landon...(目光)落在...5.她直視父親的眼睛，誠(chéng)實(shí)地回答了他的問題。6.他似乎不愿意與我的目光接觸。7.她試圖坐起來，目光緊盯著瓊的臉。8.他一刻不停地盯著我。9.他進(jìn)屋時(shí)眼睛掃視了整個(gè)房間。10.他回答時(shí)垂下眼睛看著膝蓋。參考答案：1.Hiseyeswerewidewithhorror.2.Shelaughed,hereyesshiningwithexcitement.3.Hereyesfilledwithtears.4.Thedog'shungryeyesfellonmysandwich.5.Shelookedatherfatherstraightintheeyeandansweredhisquestiontruthfully.6.Heseemedunwillingtomeetmyeyes.7.Shetriedtositup,hereyesfixedonJean'sface.8.Hiseyesneverleftmine.9.Hiseyesscannedtheroomasheentered.10.Hiseyesdroppedtoherlapassheanswered.5.有關(guān)mouth的表情描寫關(guān)于嘴的動(dòng)作有：openone’smouth張開嘴hideone’syawn打哈欠cupone’smouth扣住某人的嘴stuffone’smouthwithsomething用......填滿嘴巴形容嘴的狀態(tài)：dropopeninsurprise驚奇地張大了嘴startwatering開始流口水heartbeinone’smouth緊張得心都到了喉嚨眼翻譯小練習(xí)：1.她張開嘴要說什么,最后什么也沒說。2.他捂住嘴偷偷打了個(gè)哈欠。3.我們驚奇地張大了嘴。4.聞到食物的香味，我開始流口水了。5.突然一只手扣住了她的嘴。6.他的嘴上掛著一絲笑意。7.他開始往嘴里塞意大利面。stuff[stf]塞滿;填塞8.他直起身，目瞪口呆地看著我。9.我走進(jìn)她的辦公室時(shí)，緊張得心都到了喉嚨眼。參考答案：1.Sheopenedhermouthtosaysomething，butnothing.2.Hecoveredhismouthtohidehisyawn.3.Ourmouthsdroppedopeninsurprise.4.MymouthstartedwateringwhenIsmelledthefood.5.Suddenlyahandcuppedhermouth.6.Asmileplayedaroundhismouth.7.Hebegantostuffhismouthwithpasta.8.Hestraightenedupandlookedatme,openmouthed.9.MyheartwasinmymouthwhenIwalkedintoheroffice.Part3單元語(yǔ)法+讀后續(xù)寫即時(shí)檢測(cè)一、單句語(yǔ)法填空1．（2024高三·北京·專題練習(xí)）Intheexperiment,theresearchersfirst/measuredhowmanytears(produce)bydogswhentheywerejustspendingtimeathomewiththeirowners.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)2．（2024高三·北京·專題練習(xí)）TheAmericansuperstar(spot)withayoungphysicallychallengedQatariboy,AlMuftah.TheboywasbornwitharareconditionknownasCRS.3．（2024高三·北京·專題練習(xí)）WED(create)in1972bytheUnitedNationsGeneralAssembly.Theenvironmentwasn’tsuchabigissuebackthen.4．（2324高三下·廣東廣州·開學(xué)考試）LeadresearcherProfessorHadanysaid,“Eachplantandeachtypeofstress(link)toaspecialsound.”5．（2324高三上·新疆伊犁·開學(xué)考試）He(appoint)asheadmasterandwantedtotellhisgirlfriendthegoodnews.6．（2324高三上·甘肅·階段練習(xí)）EveryyearinSeptemberorOctober,theMid-AutumnFestival(celebrate)bytheChinesepeopleallovertheworld.7．（2324高三上·河北·期末）Over3,000liveswere(claim)inthe1960SanFranciscoearthquakeandtheseriesoffiresthatoccurredafterit.8．（2324高三上·陜西西安·階段練習(xí)）Hisapplication(accept)dependingonhispreviousworkexperienceandqualifications.9．（2324高三上·陜西西安·階段練習(xí)）Yourapplicationshall(submit)earlybecauseuniversitiesbeginworkassoonasformsstartrollingin.10．（2324高三上·福建廈門·階段練習(xí)）Theteachertoldherthatsheshouldbeawareschoollifeconsistsofnotonlysunshinebutalsohardtimesandthateducationshouldn’t(measure)onlybyexaminationresults.11．（2022高三·全國(guó)·專題練習(xí)）Themuseumisinthesouthwestofthecityandyoucanfinditseasilyonthemap.(locate)12．（2022高三·全國(guó)·專題練習(xí)）Enteringasupermarket,Iwaswarmlybythegreengrocer.Hischerrymademefeelathome．(greet)13．（2022高三·全國(guó)·專題練習(xí)）Dr.YuanLongpingwas(regard)asagreatagriculturalscientistbecausehiscontributiontofarmingisconsideredtobe(reward).14．（2324高三上·江蘇揚(yáng)州·階段練習(xí)）Carsonprovesthatasimpleliteralformthathasbeenpasseddownthroughtheagescanstill(employ)todaytodrawattentiontoimportanttruths.15．（1920高一下·黑龍江七臺(tái)河·期末）Largequantitiesoffood(send)tothecountriesstruckbytheearthquakesofar.16．（2324高三上·黑龍江哈爾濱·期中）DeathcanoccurfromoverdosesanddiseasessuchasAIDScan(acquire)fromsharingneedles.17．（2324高三上·河北衡水·期中）Over3,000lives(claim)inthe1906SanFranciscoearthquakeandtheseriesoffiresthatoccurredafterit.18．（2324高三上·河北滄州·期中）Amethanemoleculeis(pose)ofonecarbonatomattachedtofourhydrogens.19．（2324高三上·廣東湛江·階段練習(xí)）Childrenshould(expose)toasmuchtraditionalcultureaspossible.20．（2324高三上·黑龍江大慶·期中）Thankstothenewtechnology,costs(reduce)by30%overthepastyear.21．（2324高三上·陜西西安·階段練習(xí)）WhileIadmitthatthereareproblems,Idon’tagreethattheycannot(solve).22．（2324高三上·陜西西安·階段練習(xí)）MrLee(reward)withasmartphoneforhishardworkinthepany.23．（2024高三·全國(guó)·專題練習(xí)）TopromotevariousapplicationsofDunhuangartpatternsindailylifedesignandachievethedevelopmentofculturalheritagerepresentedbyDunhuangartpatterns,theChangShanaDesignAwardin2021(announce)onJanuary21.24．（2024高三·全國(guó)·專題練習(xí)）Coralreefs(find)inthetropicalareasoftheworld,buttheycanalsoexistincolderwater.25．（2024高三下·全國(guó)·專題練習(xí)）In2008,atotalof46Fujiantulousites(list)asWorldHeritageSitebyUNESCO.26．（2324高三下·全國(guó)·課后作業(yè)）Toourshock,theyounggirlstruggled(support)alargefamilylastyear,which

(appreciate)byherfamilymembers.27．（2324高三下·全國(guó)·課后作業(yè)）Though(major)inengineering,theladymadeeveryefforttolearncalligraphywhich(regard)asanartform.28．（2324高三下·全國(guó)·課后作業(yè)）Uptonowfoodandwater(deliver)tothedisaster-strickenarea,wheremanypeople(survive)thedisasterareinurgentneedofhelp.29．（2324高三下·全國(guó)·課后作業(yè)）Twofifthsofthebuildings(destroy)intheearthquakelastweekend,(leave)thewholeworldshocked.30．（2324高三下·全國(guó)·課后作業(yè)）We'reoverwhelmedwithexcitementattheknowledgethatanoralEnglishclasswill(arrange)forus.書面表達(dá)（2024·重慶·三模）閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語(yǔ)續(xù)寫兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。AsIunzippedmylunchbox,thewholeplacewasturnedintoaspicycurry(咖喱)dream.Iimmediatelyhiditundermyseat,hopingnoonewouldtakenotice.Momhadreallyoutdoneherselfwithmasala—ourfamily’salltimefavoritedishbackinIndia.Buttoday,itwasn’tjustaboutmeandmylunch.Awarmsmileonhisface,Rickyinvitedme,anewtransferstudentfromIndiatoNewYorkcity,forlunch.“Ava,esithere!”Rickycalledout,gesturingtowardsavacantseat.AsImademywayover,memoriesofthoseawkwardlunchtimeswhenIstudiedinKansas,oneofthemostconservativestates,floodedback.IcouldstillrecallhoweveryonewouldwrinkletheirnosesandstarecuriouslywhenIunpackedmyIndianfood.Italwaysmademefeellikeanoutsider,likeIdidn’tbelong.Therefore,beforemyfirstdayinthisschool,Ihaddemandedmymompack“normal”westernstylefoodforme.Istillrememberedthelookonherfaceuponhearingit,asshesignedindisappointmentandconfusion,“Isn’tthereamomentwhenyoufeelproudofyourorigin?”Thatwashurting,butnotmorehurtingthanothers’gigglesandwhispers.Honestly,longqueuesweremoninIndianrestaurantsinNewYorkcity,aculturalmeltingpot,butIwouldn’ttakethatrisk.Unfortunately,thismorning,Momhadforgottentomakesandwichorany“normal”food,soIhadtobringleftoversfromourdinner.Atthethoughtofthepossibleohn