2024年人教版高一英語同步講義（必修第三冊(cè)）Unit 2 Morals and Virtues：Period 2 Discovering Useful Structures（原卷版）

Book3Unit2MoralsandVirtuesPeriod2DiscoveringUsefulStructures001預(yù)習(xí)導(dǎo)學(xué)002課堂探究一、動(dòng)詞－ing形式作賓語補(bǔ)足語動(dòng)詞－ing形式作賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)，與賓語之間是主謂關(guān)系，即賓語是其邏輯上的主語。它主要用于以下兩類動(dòng)詞后作賓語補(bǔ)足語。[合作探究1]Whenwereturned，wefoundastrangerstandinginfrontofthehouse.我們回來的時(shí)候，發(fā)現(xiàn)一個(gè)陌生人站在房子前。Suddenlyweheardsomeoneknockinggentlyonthewindow.忽然我們聽見有人在輕輕地敲窗戶。[自主發(fā)現(xiàn)1]表示感覺和心理狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞(詞組)，如see，hear，feel，smell，watch，find，listento，lookat，notice，observe等。[名師提醒]在see，hear，feel，watch等感官動(dòng)詞后，既可用動(dòng)詞－ing形式作賓語補(bǔ)足語，也可用省略to的不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語。用動(dòng)詞－ing形式時(shí)，表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行；用省略to的不定式時(shí)，表示動(dòng)作經(jīng)過從開始到結(jié)束的全過程。Isawaboygettingonthebus.(表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行)我看見一個(gè)男孩在上公共汽車。Isawaboygetonthebus.(表示動(dòng)作完成了)我看見一個(gè)男孩上了公共汽車。[合作探究2]Wekeptthefireburningallnightlong.我們讓火整夜燃燒著。Iwon’thaveyourunningaboutintheroom.我不允許你在房間里跑來跑去。[自主發(fā)現(xiàn)2]表示指使意義的使役動(dòng)詞，常見的有：have，let，keep，get，leave等。[合作探究3]Icouldn’tdomyhomeworkwiththenoisegoingon.由于噪音不斷，我沒法做家庭作業(yè)。Withsomanypeoplelookingather，shefeltnervous.這么多人看著她，她感到很緊張。[自主發(fā)現(xiàn)3]用于with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中。二、動(dòng)詞－ing形式作狀語[合作探究]①Hearingthenews，hecouldn’thelplaughing.＝Whenheheardthenews，hecouldn’thelplaughing.一聽到那個(gè)消息，他禁不住大笑起來。②Notknowingheraddress，Ihadbettertelephonehertocomeover.＝AsIdon’tknowheraddress，Ihadbettertelephonehertocomeover.由于不知道她的地址，我還是打電話讓她過來為好。③Workinghard，you’llsurelysucceed.＝Ifyouworkhard，you’llsurelysucceed.如果努力工作，你就一定會(huì)成功。④Thechildslippedandfell，hittinghisheadagainstthedoor.＝Thechildslippedandfell，andhithisheadagainstthedoor.那個(gè)男孩滑了一跤，摔倒了，頭撞到了門上。⑤Havingbeentoldmanytimes，hestilldidn’tlearntheserulesbyheart.＝Althoughhehadbeentoldmanytimes，hestilldidn’tlearntheserulesbyheart.盡管被告知了很多次，他還是沒把這些規(guī)定記住。⑥Morrislayonthegrass，staringattheskyforalongtime.＝Morrislayonthegrassandstaredattheskyforalongtime.莫里斯躺在草地上，長(zhǎng)時(shí)間地望著天空。⑦Hecamerunningbacktotellmethenews.他跑回來告訴我這個(gè)消息。[自主發(fā)現(xiàn)]①作時(shí)間狀語；②作原因狀語；③作條件狀語；④作結(jié)果狀語；⑤作讓步狀語；⑥作伴隨狀語；⑦作方式狀語。[名師提醒](1)動(dòng)詞－ing形式作結(jié)果狀語，是隨著謂語動(dòng)詞的發(fā)生而產(chǎn)生的自然結(jié)果，而不定式作結(jié)果狀語時(shí)常表示出乎意料的結(jié)果，有時(shí)前面可以加only。Ihurriedtoschool，onlytofinditwasSunday.我匆忙趕到學(xué)校，結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)是星期天。(2)動(dòng)詞－ing形式作狀語時(shí)，相當(dāng)于與之對(duì)應(yīng)的狀語從句，但是當(dāng)作伴隨狀語及結(jié)果狀語時(shí)，可轉(zhuǎn)化為并列謂語。三、動(dòng)詞－ing形式作狀語注意事項(xiàng)1．動(dòng)詞－ing形式的時(shí)態(tài)動(dòng)詞－ing形式作狀語時(shí)，要注意其時(shí)間性，是用一般式(doing)，還是用完成式(havingdone)。[合作探究1]Walkinginthestreet，Imetanoldfriendofmine.我正在大街上行走時(shí)，遇到了一位老朋友。(walking和謂語動(dòng)詞met同時(shí)發(fā)生)Havingfinishedtheletter，hewenttopostit.他寫完信后就把它寄了出去。(havingfinished是先發(fā)生的，went是后發(fā)生的)[自主發(fā)現(xiàn)1](1)當(dāng)動(dòng)詞－ing形式的動(dòng)作與謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生時(shí)，用一般式。(2)當(dāng)動(dòng)詞－ing形式的動(dòng)作先發(fā)生，而謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作后發(fā)生時(shí)，用完成式。2．動(dòng)詞－ing形式的語態(tài)[合作探究2]Havingbeenshownaroundthefactory，theywereveryhappy.(現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)式)被領(lǐng)著參觀了工廠后，他們很高興。Havingfinishedhishomework，hewenttobed.(現(xiàn)在分詞的主動(dòng)式)完成了作業(yè)后，他上床睡覺。[自主發(fā)現(xiàn)2]使用動(dòng)詞－ing形式的主動(dòng)式還是被動(dòng)式，這主要取決于動(dòng)詞－ing形式和句子主語之間的關(guān)系。句子的主語就是動(dòng)詞－ing形式的邏輯主語。3．動(dòng)詞－ing形式的否定式[合作探究3]Notknowingthis，hedidn’tcome.他不知道這件事，所以沒來。Nothavingmadefullpreparations，weputoffthesportsmeeting.因?yàn)闆]有做好充分的準(zhǔn)備，我們把運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)延期了。[自主發(fā)現(xiàn)3]動(dòng)詞－ing形式的否定式為not＋v.－ing；not＋havingv．－ed4．動(dòng)詞－ing形式作評(píng)注性狀語[合作探究4]Judgingfromhisbehaviour，hemustbemad.從他的行為來判斷，他一定是瘋了。[自主發(fā)現(xiàn)4]有些動(dòng)詞－ing形式在句中沒有邏輯主語，它們往往作為句子的評(píng)注性狀語來修飾整個(gè)句子，表明說話者的態(tài)度、觀點(diǎn)等。例如：generallyspeaking“一般來說”，judgingby/from...“從……判斷”，takingeverythingintoconsideration“從全盤考慮”。5．獨(dú)立主格[合作探究5]Therainhavingstopped，wewentonmarching.雨過之后，我們繼續(xù)前進(jìn)。[自主發(fā)現(xiàn)5]動(dòng)詞－ing形式作狀語，有時(shí)它也可以有自己獨(dú)立的主語，這種結(jié)構(gòu)稱為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，通常用來表示伴隨的動(dòng)作或情況，也可以表示時(shí)間、原因或條件?！緦W(xué)以致用1】同義句轉(zhuǎn)換①Astimepassesby，wewillhaveabetterandbetterlife.→With____________________________，wewillhaveabetterandbetterlife.②Isawthattheywerecomingacrossthestreet.→Isaw____________________________thestreet.③Istoodonthebridgeandwatchedboatswerepassingby.→Istoodonthebridgeandwatched____________________________．④Ifeltthatsomeonewaspattingmeontheshoulder.→Ifelt_____________________meontheshoulder.⑤IheardthatMarysangasonginthenextroomlastnight.→Iheard______________________________________inthenextroomlastnight.【學(xué)以致用2】同義句轉(zhuǎn)換①Itrainedheavilyanditcausedgreatdamage.→Itrainedheavily，____________________________．②Afterhehadeatenhisdinner，theboyrushedout.→________________________________________，theboyrushedout.③Theboysatinfrontofthefarmhouse，andcutthebranches.→Theboysatinfrontofthefarmhouse，____________________________．④AsIdidnotknowhowtogetthere，Ihadtoasktheway.→_________________howtogetthere，Ihadtoasktheway.【學(xué)以致用3】單句語法填空①___________________(work)forthreehours，hetookarest.②Tomcame_________________(dash)intotheroomwithsomefilmticketsinhishand.③_________________(spend)allhismoney，theboyhadtogivehismotheracall.④_________________(see)nobodyathome，hedecidedtoleavethemanote.【學(xué)以致用4】單句語法填空①_________________(judge)fromhisaccent，hemustbefromthesouth.②_________________(tell)manytimes，hestillcouldn’tunderstandit.③Thelecture_________________(give)，alivelyquestion－and－answersessionfollowed.④_________________(take)everythingintoconsideration，theresultisbetterthanexpected.⑤Theweather_________(be)hot，wehadtostayathome.003隨堂小練Ⅰ.單句語法填空1．WhenIwasonmywaytoschoolthismorning，Isawtwowomen__________(argue)．2．Myparentsdon’tallowus__________(watch)violentTVprogrammes.3．Withthetemperature__________(rise)，theleavesandgrassbegantoappear.4．Whenthelittlegirlfoundsomanypeople__________(surround)her，shefeltverynervous.5．Don’thavethelights__________(burn)allnight.Itwillwastetoomuchelectricity.6．__________(see)fromthetower，thecitylooksverybeautiful.7．__________(work)harderatEnglish，you’llmakegreaterprogress.8．__________(finish)theworkaheadoftime，wehavetoworkhard.9．__________(select)theproperpresent，theysentittotheirrespectableprofessor.10．__________(leave)somequestionsunanswered，myfriendsaidgoodbyetome.Ⅱ.同義句轉(zhuǎn)換1．Whensheturnedaround，shesawacardrivingup.→=_____________________，shesawacardrivingup.2．Johnwatchedcuriously，andthoughtthatthewomanseemedalittlecrazy.→Johnwatchedcuriously，__________________thewomanseemedalittlecrazy．3．Ashewasill，hecouldn’tattendthemeeting.→_____________________，hecouldn’tattendthemeeting.4．Becauseshehadbeenbittenbyasnake，shewasfrightenedofit.→____________________________byasnake，shewasfrightenedofit.5．AsJohnwasaway，Tomhadtodothework.→____________________________，Tomhadtodothework.6．AsitisSunday，weneedn’tgotoschool.→____________________________，weneedn’tgotoschool.7．Becausehedidn’tknowwhattodo，hecametoherforhelp.→_________________________________________________，hecametoherforhelp.8．Asshehadn’treceivedhisreply，sheranghimupagain.→________________________________________________________，sheranghimupagain.Ⅲ，能力提升(用with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，翻譯下列句子)1).有這么多問題要解決，新當(dāng)選的總統(tǒng)這一年過得很艱難。______________________________________________________________________________2).他躺在床上，眼睛盯著天花板。______________________________________________________________________________3).由于寺廟正在修繕，我們不能去參觀了。______________________________________________________________________________4).學(xué)生們睜大眼睛聽老師講課。______________________________________________________________________________Ⅰ.單句語法填空1．WhenIwasonmywaytoschoolthismorning，Isawtwowomen________(argue)．2．Myparentsdon’tallowus________(watch)violentTVprogrammes.3．Withthetemperature________(rise)，theleavesandgrassbegantoappear.4．Whenthelittlegirlfoundsomanypeople________(surround)her，shefeltverynervous.5．Don’thavethelights________(burn)allnight.Itwillwastetoomuchelectricity.6．________(see)fromthetower，thecitylooksverybeautiful.7．________(work)harderatEnglish，you’llmakegreaterprogress.8．________(finish)theworkaheadoftime，wehavetoworkhard.9．________(select)theproperpresent，theysentittotheirrespectableprofessor.10．________(leave)somequestionsunanswered，myfriendsaidgoodbyetome.Ⅱ.同義句轉(zhuǎn)換1．Whensheturnedaround，shesawacardrivingup.→__________________________________________，shesawacardrivingup.2．Johnwatchedcuriously，andthoughtthatthewomanseemedalittlecrazy.→Johnwatchedcuriously，__________________________________________．3．Ashewasill，hecouldn’tattendthemeeting.→__________________________________________，hecouldn’tattendthemeeting.4．Becauseshehadbeenbittenbyasnake，shewasfrightenedofit.→_______________，shewasfrightenedofit.5．AsJohnwasaway，Tomhadtodothework.→__________________________________________，Tomhadtodothework.6．AsitisSunday，weneedn’tgotoschool.→__________________________________________，weneedn’tgotoschool.7．Becausehedidn’tknowwhattodo，hecametoherforhelp.→__________________________________________，hecametoherforhelp.8．Asshehadn’treceivedhisreply，sheranghimupagain.→__________________________________________，sheranghimupagain.Ⅲ，能力提升(用with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，翻譯下列句子).有這么多問題要解決，新當(dāng)選的總統(tǒng)這一年過得很艱難。______________________________________________________________________________.他躺在床上，眼睛盯著天花板。______________________________________________________________________________.由于寺廟正在修繕，我們不能去參觀了。______________________________________________________________________________4).學(xué)生們睜大眼睛聽老師講課。______________________________________________________________________________004培優(yōu)提升閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。XuZhuoyuan,a16-year-oldgirlfromChangsha,HunanProvince,madehistorybybecomingthe1(young)Chinesefemaletoconquer(征服)Qomolangmafromthesouthernslope.Thehighschoolstudentstartedherexplorationtothehighestpeakintheworldinmid-April.Afterastruggling10-hourclimb,she2(successful)reachedthesummit(最高點(diǎn))ofQomolangma.Xuisnot3strangertomountainclimbing.Herfather,thefirstpersonfromHunanProvince4(reach)thesummitofQomolangma,greatlyinfluencedher.She5(be)onadventuroustripswithhimsinceshewasachild.Bytheageof16,shehadalreadyclimbedfivehighhillsover5,000metersinChina.EvenifXuhadrichclimbingexperience,Xustillpreparedforthischallengeseriouslyandlookedforward6it.She7(take)strictandprofessionaltrainingtoconquerQomolangma.SheoncesaidonTV,“IwillclimbQomolangma.”Andshehasnowfulfilledherpromise.Xutalksabouttheimportanceof8(respect)natureandvalueseverysteptoward:thesummit.Shetookherfather’sgloves9werewornduringhissuccessfulsummitadventure,asawitness(見證人)toherdreamcomingtrue.Afteruniversity,sheplanstocontinueclimbingandconqueringanotherseven10(mountain)andtheNorthandSouthPoles.2.閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。TheconclusionoftherecentBeijing2022WinterOlympicsonFeb20alsomarkedtheendofthevolunteeringworkofArmeniantwinbrothersVahanandHaykGehamyan,bothof11areFudanUniversityundergraduates.ThebrothersservedastranslatorsforTeamArmeniaduringtheGamesandalso12(offer)assistancetoathletes.13theirbusyworkschedule,thebrothersenjoyedtheirtimeintheOlympicVillage.Theymadefriendswiththeir14(neighbor)—athletesfromFinlandandUkraine—andcheeredfortheseathletes15theywerecompeting.“It’s16greathonortoserveasOlympicvolunteers.We’reimpressedbythecharmofwintersports,suchasthebeautifulfreestyleskiingandfigureskating,”Hayksaid.“Moreover,wesawpeoplefromacrosstheworld17(live)underthesameroof.ItshowedhowtheOlympicspiritofunityshines18(bright)throughoutthegamesandbeyond,whichremindsusthatpeopleworldwidebelongtothesamehumanfamily,”headded.Hayksaidthatthey19(draw)toChinaastheywantedtoexperiencethecountry’sfasteconomicdevelopmentandculture.“We’regladwemadethe20(decide)tocomehere,”hesaid.3.閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)脑~，如有括號(hào)提示，請(qǐng)以提示詞的正確形式填空。LucyBlackrecentlybecametheyoungestpersontotraveltoeverycountryintheworld.Bytheageof23,shehasvisitedallthecountriesinanefforttochallenge21(she)andpushthelimitsof22shebelievedwaspossibleforafemaletraveler.Lucy23(primary)usedplanes,boats,andtrainstogetaround.ItwasnotallplainsailingandthereweremanydifficultiesLucymet,including24(arrange)visastoentersomecountries.Butthechallenges25(balance)bythememorableexperiencesonherway.“There’resomanyamazingexperiencesthatcancomeoutoftravelingalonebecauseyouaremoreopentotheconnectionswiththe26(local)thanyouwouldbeinabiggroup,”shesaid.Lucyhadthepleasureofmeeting27varietyofpeopleandexperiencingdifferentcultures.Butthemost28(value)experienceofallwasdiscoveringanewsenseofindependence,shesaid.ForLucy,nothingbeatstraveling,whichshedescribed29herfavoritepartofbeingalive.“30IwouldbelyingifIsaidIwasn’tenjoyingtakingtimeoverthepastyeartorecoverfromallthewearandtearIhavedonetomybodyoverthepastthreeyears,”sheadded.4.閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。WanQiuwenbasbrokentheglassceilingtobecomeoneofChina’sfirsttwofemalerescuehelicopterpilotswhorespondall24/7tosearchandrescuetasks.WanandSongYin,theonlyotherfemalepilot,31(graduate)fromShanghaiMaritimeUniversityin2008tojoinDonghaiNo.1RescuedFlyingServiceoftheMinistryofTransport.“32(be)asearchandrescuepilotisahigh-riskjob.Itisabigcommitmentandrequirespersonalsacrifices33notmanyarewillingtomake.“ButIfeellucky34proudtobeamemberofthegreatteam,”Wansays.Shewasthrilledwhenshefinallygottheadmission35theprogramandwassenttoAdelaide,Australia,totrainfor15months,attheendofwhichsheacquires36commercialpilot’slicense.Backinthecountry,shereceived37(far)traininginhelicoptersearchandrescue.Wanhassincejoined300-plus38(mission)andhasalsotakenuptheroleofaflightinstructor.When39(ask)ifshewouldcontinuetofly,Wanrespondedaffirmatively,“Thisprofessionisaboutsavinglives.Awomanis40(perfect)capableofbeingarescuepilot,onceandalways.”5.Whilefamousforeignarchitectsareinvited21(lead)thedesignsoflandmarkbuildingsinChinasuchasthenewCCTVtowerandtheNationalCenterforthePerformingArts,manyexcellentChinese22(architecture)aremakinggreateffortstotakethecenterstage.Theireffortshavebeenproven23(fruit).WangShu,a49-year-oldChinesearchitect,24(win)thePritzkerArchitecturePrize,25isoftenreferredtoastheNobelPrizeinarchitecture,onFebruary28,2012.HeisthefirstChinesecitizentowinthisaward.WangservesasheadoftheArchitectureDepartmentattheChinaAcademyofArt(CAA).Hisoffice26(locate)attheXiangshancampusoftheuniversityinHangzhou,ZhejiangProvince.Manybuildingsonthecampusarehisoriginal27(create).Wang’sworksshowadeepunderstandingofmodernarc