外刊改編語法填空題Day+31-Day+32- 高三英語一輪復習

原創(chuàng)外刊改編語法填空題打卡Day31IndianrailwayshaveanimpressivesafetyrecordFrom:TheEconomist Itwasaround7pmonJune2ndwhenatraintravellingfromKolkatainWestBengaltoChennai,1,700kmdownIndia’seastcoast,smashedatfullspeedintoaparkedfreighttraininthestateofOdisha,250kmsouthofKolkata.Thepassengertrain’scoacheswerederailedandcollidedwiththerearcoachesofanothertraintravellingintheoppositedirection. Thetrainswerecarryingaround2,000people,manyof_____1_____migrantsfromWestBengalofftoseekworkinthe

richersouth.Atleast288werekilledandmorethan1,100injured,manyofthemgravely. Thecauseoftheaccident,thedeadlieston

India’srailways

since1999,whenatleast290peoplediedinatrain_____2_____(collide)inWestBengal,wasstillunclear.Aninitialreportpointedtoasignalfailure,_____3_____expertssuggestedthatwouldnotnormallyleadtosuchacalamity.Therailwaysministerhashintedthatequipmentwastamperedwithandordereda_____4_____(crime)probe. Notwithstandingthisdisaster,railtravelisnotespeciallydangerousinIndia,wheresome20mpeopletakeatraineveryday.Oftheroughly25,000whodiedintrain-relatedaccidentseveryyearbeforethepandemic(anumberthathadchangedlittleinadecade),most_____5_____(run)overorfellfromtrains.Andthenumberofsuchseriousincidentsisdecreasing.Bycontrast,some300,000peopleareestimatedtodieon

India’sroads

eachyear. Evenso,thetragedyinOdishaispotentiallyembarrassingforthegovernmentofNarendraModi,_____6_____(give)its

greatemphasis

ondevelopingIndia’srailwaysandroads.Thisyearitplanstospendtheequivalentof1.7%ofGDPonthem,morethanfourtimesasmuchasIndiawasspendingadecadeago,andarounddoubletheproportionspentbymostdevelopedcountries.MrModihadbeenduetoinaugurateanewhigh-speedVandeBharatservicethedayafterthedisaster.Insteadhevisitedthecrashsite,wherehe,too,promisedtofindtheculprit:“_____7_____isfoundguiltywillbepunishedseverely”. Despitetherailways’reasonablesafetyrecord,thecrashislikelytoexacerbateclaimsthat,initspushfornewtracksandfastertrains,hisgovernmentisneglectingupgradestoexistingtracksandequipment.LastyearanauditofderailmentsbyIndia’scomptroller-generalfoundrailwayofficialshadnotspentthebudgetsetasidefortrackrepairs,eventhoughithaddeclined.Aspecialfundtopayforsafetyimprovementswasnotadequatelyreplenishedinanyyearbetween2017and2022.TwodaysafterthecrashinOdisha,anewbridge_____8_____(build)nowovertheGangesinthenorthernstateofBiharcollapsedforthesecondtimeinjustoverayear,killingnobodybutcastingdoubtonthequalityofflagshipconstructionprojects. Thegovernmentdeniesthatitisskimpingonsafety.Itnotesthatithasacceleratedtheeliminationofdangerouslevel-crossings,particularlyonlines_____9_____trainstravelathigherspeeds,andbeguntheroll-outofananti-crashsystemonsometrains._____10_____thewakeofthetragedyinOdisha,itvowedtoinstalladditionalsecurityfeaturesonsignallingequipment.IndianrailwayshaveanimpressivesafetyrecordFrom:TheEconomist Itwasaround7pmonJune2ndwhenatraintravellingfromKolkatainWestBengaltoChennai,1,700kmdownIndia’seastcoast,smashedatfullspeedintoaparkedfreighttraininthestateofOdisha,250kmsouthofKolkata.Thepassengertrain’scoacheswerederailedandcollidedwiththerearcoachesofanothertraintravellingintheoppositedirection. Thetrainswerecarryingaround2,000people,manyofthemmigrantsfromWestBengalofftoseekworkinthe

richersouth.Atleast288werekilledandmorethan1,100injured,manyofthemgravely. Thecauseoftheaccident,thedeadlieston

India’srailways

since1999,whenatleast290peoplediedinatraincollision(collide)inWestBengal,wasstillunclear.Aninitialreportpointedtoasignalfailure,butexpertssuggestedthatwouldnotnormallyleadtosuchacalamity.Therailwaysministerhashintedthatequipmentwastamperedwithandorderedacriminal(crime)probe. Notwithstandingthisdisaster,railtravelisnotespeciallydangerousinIndia,wheresome20mpeopletakeatraineveryday.Oftheroughly25,000whodiedintrain-relatedaccidentseveryyearbeforethepandemic(anumberthathadchangedlittleinadecade),mostwererun(run)overorfellfromtrains.Andthenumberofsuchseriousincidentsisdecreasing.Bycontrast,some300,000peopleareestimatedtodieon

India’sroads

eachyear. Evenso,thetragedyinOdishaispotentiallyembarrassingforthegovernmentofNarendraModi,given(give)its

greatemphasis

ondevelopingIndia’srailwaysandroads.Thisyearitplanstospendtheequivalentof1.7%ofGDPonthem,morethanfourtimesasmuchasIndiawasspendingadecadeago,andarounddoubletheproportionspentbymostdevelopedcountries.MrModihadbeenduetoinaugurateanewhigh-speedVandeBharatservicethedayafterthedisaster.Insteadhevisitedthecrashsite,wherehe,too,promisedtofindtheculprit:“Whoeverisfoundguiltywillbepunishedseverely”. Despitetherailways’reasonablesafetyrecord,thecrashislikelytoexacerbateclaimsthat,initspushfornewtracksandfastertrains,hisgovernmentisneglectingupgradestoexistingtracksandequipment.LastyearanauditofderailmentsbyIndia’scomptroller-generalfoundrailwayofficialshadnotspentthebudgetsetasidefortrackrepairs,eventhoughithaddeclined.Aspecialfundtopayforsafetyimprovementswasnotadequatelyreplenishedinanyyearbetween2017and2022.TwodaysafterthecrashinOdisha,anewbridgebeingbuilt(build)nowovertheGangesinthenorthernstateofBiharcollapsedforthesecondtimeinjustoverayear,killingnobodybutcastingdoubtonthequalityofflagshipconstructionprojects. Thegovernmentdeniesthatitisskimpingonsafety.Itnotesthatithasacceleratedtheeliminationofdangerouslevel-crossings,particularlyonlineswheretrainstravelathigherspeeds,andbeguntheroll-outofananti-crashsystemonsometrains.InthewakeofthetragedyinOdisha,itvowedtoinstalladditionalsecurityfeaturesonsignallingequipment.印度鐵路有著令人難忘的安全記錄 6月2日晚上大約7點，一列從西孟加拉邦的加爾各答開往印度東海岸的金奈的列車以全速撞向在奧里薩邦停放的一列貨車，距離加爾各答以南250公里。乘客列車的車廂脫軌并與另一列相向行駛的列車的尾車相撞。 這些列車上共載有約2000人，其中許多是來自西孟加拉邦的移民，前往更富裕的南方尋找工作。至少288人死亡，1100多人受傷，其中許多人傷勢嚴重。 這起事故是自1999年以來印度鐵路上造成的最嚴重的事故，當時至少有290人在西孟加拉邦的一次列車相撞事故中喪生。事故的原因尚不清楚。初步報告指出信號故障，但專家表示，這通常不會導致如此大的災難。鐵路部長暗示有人篡改了設備，并下令進行刑事調查。 盡管發(fā)生了這起災難，但在印度，鐵路旅行并不特別危險，每天約有2000萬人乘坐火車。在大流行病爆發(fā)之前，每年有大約2.5萬人死于與火車有關的事故（這個數(shù)字在過去十年中變化不大），其中大多數(shù)是被撞死或從火車上摔下來的。此類嚴重事故的數(shù)量正在減少。相比之下，據(jù)估計每年有大約30萬人在印度的道路上喪生。 即便如此，奧里薩邦的這場悲劇可能會給納倫德拉·莫迪政府帶來尷尬，考慮到該政府非常重視發(fā)展印度的鐵路和道路。今年，該政府計劃在鐵路和道路上的支出相當于國內生產(chǎn)總值的1.7%，是十年前的四倍多，也是大多數(shù)發(fā)達國家支出比例的兩倍。莫迪原本計劃在事故發(fā)生后的第二天為新的高速“VandeBharat”服務舉行開幕式。然而，他改變了計劃，前往事故現(xiàn)場，他也承諾找到罪魁禍首：“無論找到的人是誰，都將受到嚴厲的懲罰”。 盡管鐵路在安全方面有相對良好的記錄，但這起事故可能加劇對莫迪政府的指責，認為在推動修建新軌道和更快列車的同時，忽視了對現(xiàn)有軌道和設備的升級。去年，印度審計長對脫軌事故進行的審計發(fā)現(xiàn)，鐵路官員沒有花費撥款用于軌道維修，盡管撥款額有所減少。為安全改進支付的專項資金在2017年至2022年間沒有得到充分補充。在奧里薩邦發(fā)生碰撞事故的兩天后，比哈爾邦北部正在建造的一座新橋第二次坍塌，一年多來未造成人員傷亡，但對旗艦建設項目質量產(chǎn)生了質疑。 政府否認節(jié)省安全經(jīng)費。政府指出，他們加快了消除危險平交道的進程，特別是在列車以更高速度行駛的線路上，并開始在一些列車上推出防撞系統(tǒng)。在奧里薩邦的悲劇發(fā)生后，政府承諾在信號設備上安裝額外的安全功能。 生詞積累smashv.打碎，（使）粉碎；（使）猛擊，（使）猛撞；collidev.沖突，抵觸；（迥異的事物）碰在一起；碰撞，相撞gravelyadv.嚴重地；嚴肅地；嚴峻地；沉重地deadlyadj.致命的；極度的calamityn.災難，災禍tamperv.做手腳，破壞notwithstandingprep.雖然，盡管adv.盡管如此conj.雖然，盡管exacerbatev.使惡化，使加劇derailmentn.出軌，脫軌skimpvt.克扣；對……不夠用心；舍不得給；少給eliminationn.消除，排除inthewakeof在之后：指在某個事件或情況之后緊接著發(fā)生或出現(xiàn)原創(chuàng)外刊改編語法填空題打卡Day32IsChina’sgaokaotheworld’stoughestschoolexam?From:TheGuardian The

gaokao

isemblematicoftheChineseeducationsystemasawhole.Inthewest,itisoftenseenasmonolithicandrote;inChinaastoughbutfair.InEuropeandAmerica,thereisthenotionthatChineseschoolsproduceautomatonsincapable_____1______criticalthought;inChina,manyseemtothinkthatwesternclassroomsarefullofstudentsstandingondesksand_____2______(rip)uptextbooks,àlaDeadPoetsSociety.Yet,wheretheChinesemodelusedtoberoundlycriticisedforrewardingrotelearning,nowthesystem’sgruellingscheduleand_____3______(suppose)highstandardsareincreasinglyadmiredoverseas.ThomasFriedman,theNewYorkTimescolumnist,haspraisedShanghai’sschoolsystemwithattimesabsurdhyperbole. InChinatherearenoillusionsaboutthesystembeingperfect.Theexamiswidelycriticisedforputtingimpossiblepressuresonchildren.Dissatisfactionwiththe

gaokao

isonereasonthat,amongwealthiersegmentsofthepopulation,largenumbersofstudentsarechoosingtostudyabroad.But,ultimately,mostpeoplesupportit,oratleastseenoalternative.“Chinahastoomanypeople,”is_____4______commonrefrain,usedtoexcuseeverythingfromurbantraffictoruralpoverty.Giventheintensecompetitionforfinitehighereducationresources,theargumentgoes,therehastobesomewaytoseparatethewheatfromthechaff,andtogivehardworkingstudentsfrompoorerbackgroundsachancetorisetothetop. Thetraditionofasingleexamthatdecidesayoungperson’sprospectsisone_____5______goesbacktoantiquityinChina.Theimperialexaminationsor

keju,whichtestedapplicantsforgovernmentoffice,wasintroducedintheHandynasty(206BCtoAD220),andbecamethesolecriterionforselectionfromthe7thcenturyuntilitsabolitionin1905.Aspiringbureaucratssatathree-dayexam_____6______(lock)insideasinglecell,inwhichtheyalsosleptandate.The“eight-leggedessay”wasthemostimportantpaper,anargumentineightsectionsthatelaboratedonathemewhilequotingfromclassicssuchasConfuciusandMencius.Allapplicantswerecheckedforhiddenscrolls;writingquotesonunderwearwasapopularformofcheatinguntilexaminerscottonedon.Thepassratewas1%.Nervouscollapseswereroutine.Thereisevenaghost-deityassociatedwithexamsinChina:ZhongKui,ascholarwhokilledhimselfwhenhe_____7______(deny)firstplace. Whilenotadirectdescendant,the

gaokao

isgenerallyconsideredadistantrelationofthe

keju.The

gaokao

ismadeupoffourthree-hourpapers:Chinese,English,mathsandachoiceofeithersciences(biology,chemistry,physics)orhumanities(geography,history,politics).Thequestionsaremostlymultiple-choiceorfill-in-the-gap,andare______8_____(notorious)hard–themathspaperhasbeencomparedtouniversity-levelmathsintheUK. _____9______isnosurprisethat,formanystudents,thepressureheapedonthembyparents,teachersandthemselves,isoverwhelming.Itispossibletoretaketheexamoneyearlater,butifastudentcontinuestofailthereisnosafetynetoralternativepathtouniversity.Suicidesarearegularfeatureofeveryexamseason;a2014studyclaimedthatexamstresswasacontributingfactorin93%ofcasesinwhichschoolstudentstooktheirownlives.Lastyear,amiddleschoolinHebeiprovincefencedoffitsupper-floordormitorybalconieswithgrates,aftertwostudentsjumpedtotheirdeathsinthemonthsleadinguptothe

gaokao.Andtheacademicstressstartsearly–inJulya10-year-oldboytriedtokillhimselfinoncomingtrafficafterfightingwithhismotherabouthomework.Butstillthestudymillgrindson. InChina,the

gaokao

issometimesdescribedasadumuqiao,whichtranslatesas“single-logbridge”–adifficultpaththateveryonehastowalk.Butsomehavebettershoesthanothers.RichfamilieslayonextratutoringfortheirchildreninwhatJiangXueqin,aCanadian-Chineseeducationscholar,describedasan“armsrace”amonghouseholdslookingtoincreasetheirchild’schances.Provinceswithlargerpopulationshavetougherstandardsof_____10_____(enter)intothebestuniversities,whilethosethataresparselypopulatedsetalowerbar.(Thisloopholehasledtoillegal“gaokao

migrants”transferringtoschoolsinInnerMongoliajustbeforetheexam.)StudentsinBeijingandShanghaigetspecialprivileges–theyarethebeneficiariesofgenerouslocalquotasforthebestuniversities–despitebeingmorelikelytobeprivilegedanyway. IsChina’sgaokaotheworld’stoughestschoolexam?From:TheGuardian The

gaokao

isemblematicoftheChineseeducationsystemasawhole.Inthewest,itisoftenseenasmonolithicandrote;inChinaastoughbutfair.InEuropeandAmerica,thereisthenotionthatChineseschoolsproduceautomatonsincapableofcriticalthought;inChina,manyseemtothinkthatwesternclassroomsarefullofstudentsstandingondesksandripping(rip)uptextbooks,àlaDeadPoetsSociety.Yet,wheretheChinesemodelusedtoberoundlycriticisedforrewardingrotelearning,nowthesystem’sgruellingscheduleandsupposed(suppose)highstandardsareincreasinglyadmiredoverseas.ThomasFriedman,theNewYorkTimescolumnist,haspraisedShanghai’sschoolsystemwithattimesabsurdhyperbole. InChinatherearenoillusionsaboutthesystembeingperfect.Theexamiswidelycriticisedforputtingimpossiblepressuresonchildren.Dissatisfactionwiththe

gaokao

isonereasonthat,amongwealthiersegmentsofthepopulation,largenumbersofstudentsarechoosingtostudyabroad.But,ultimately,mostpeoplesupportit,oratleastseenoalternative.“Chinahastoomanypeople,”isacommonrefrain,usedtoexcuseeverythingfromurbantraffictoruralpoverty.Giventheintensecompetitionforfinitehighereducationresources,theargumentgoes,therehastobesomewaytoseparatethewheatfromthechaff,andtogivehardworkingstudentsfrompoorerbackgroundsachancetorisetothetop. Thetraditionofasingleexamthatdecidesayoungperson’sprospectsisonethatgoesbacktoantiquityinChina.Theimperialexaminationsor

keju,whichtestedapplicantsforgovernmentoffice,wasintroducedintheHandynasty(206BCtoAD220),andbecamethesolecriterionforselectionfromthe7thcenturyuntilitsabolitionin1905.Aspiringbureaucratssatathree-dayexamlocked(lock)insideasinglecell,inwhichtheyalsosleptandate.The“eight-leggedessay”wasthemostimportantpaper,anargumentineightsectionsthatelaboratedonathemewhilequotingfromclassicssuchasConfuciusandMencius.Allapplicantswerecheckedforhiddenscrolls;writingquotesonunderwearwasapopularformofcheatinguntilexaminerscottonedon.Thepassratewas1%.Nervouscollapseswereroutine.Thereisevenaghost-deityassociatedwithexamsinChina:ZhongKui,ascholarwhokilledhimselfwhenhewasdenied(deny)firstplace. Whilenotadirectdescendant,the

gaokao

isgenerallyconsideredadistantrelationofthe

keju.The

gaokao

ismadeupoffourthree-hourpapers:Chinese,English,mathsandachoiceofeithersciences(biology,chemistry,physics)orhumanities(geography,history,politics).Thequestionsaremostlymultiple-choiceorfill-in-the-gap,andarenortoriously(notorious)hard–themathspaperhasbeencomparedtouniversity-levelmathsintheUK. Itisnosurprisethat,formanystudents,thepressureheapedonthembyparents,teachersandthemselves,isoverwhelming.Itispossibletoretaketheexamoneyearlater,butifastudentcontinuestofailthereisnosafetynetoralternativepathtouniversity.Suicidesarearegularfeatureofeveryexamseason;a2014studyclaimedthatexamstresswasacontributingfactorin93%ofcasesinwhichschoolstudentstooktheirownlives.Lastyear,amiddleschoolinHebeiprovincefencedoffitsupper-floordormitorybalconieswithgrates,aftertwostudentsjumpedtotheirdeathsinthemonthsleadinguptothe

gaokao.Andtheacademicstressstartsearly–inJulya10-year-oldboytriedtokillhimselfinoncomingtrafficafterfightingwithhismotherabouthomework.Butstillthestudymillgrindson. InChina,the

gaokao

issometimesdescribedasadumuqiao,whichtranslatesas“single-logbridge”–adifficultpaththateveryonehastowalk.Butsomehavebettershoesthanothers.RichfamilieslayonextratutoringfortheirchildreninwhatJiangXueqin,aCanadian-Chineseeducationscholar,describedasan“armsrace”amonghouseholdslookingtoincreasetheirchild’schances.Provinceswithlargerpopulationshavetougherstandardsofentry(enter)intothebestuniversities,whilethosethataresparselypopulatedsetalowerbar.(Thisloopholehasledtoillegal“gaokao

mig