Unit 10 You're supposed to shake hands.-【同步拓展閱讀】2023-2024學年九年級全冊英語（人教版）（解析版）

第頁Unit10You’resupposedtoshakehands.

必備知識1.relaxed,value,capital,noon,mad,effort,dropby,afterall,getmad,2.berelaxedabout,inourdailylives,dropby,afterall,gosomewhere3.a.WhereI'mfrom,we'reprettyrelaxedabouttime.b.Wevaluethetimewespendwithourfamilyandfriendsinoureverydaylives.c.IalwaysleavethehouseearlytoavoidheavytrafficbecauseIthinkit'simpolitetokeepotherswaiting.4.通過“應該”與“不應該”進一步了解一些國家的禮儀和對時間的看法，加強對中國文化的理解。關鍵能力1.通過限時快速閱讀，了解文章大意和中心。（學習理解）2.通過慢速掃讀，獲取有關ColombiaandSwitzerland習俗的具體細節(jié)信息。（學習理解）3.通過分析文章結構，能夠完成3b表格。（應用實踐）4.學生能知識不同國家的不同文化。（遷移創(chuàng)新）學科素養(yǎng)1.Studentswillbeabletoshowtheirideasandtalkabouttheconsequences.(表達自身觀點并討論結果)2.Studentscanknowthedifferentcultureofdifferentcountries.（學生能知識不同國家的不同文化）核心價值1.Studentswillbeabletoshowtheirideasandtalkabouttheconsequences.(表達自身觀點并討論結果)2.Studentscanknowthedifferentcultureofdifferentcountries.（學生能知識不同國家的不同文化）3..通過“應該”與“不應該”進一步了解一些國家的禮儀和對時間的看法，加強對中國文化的理解。引言解讀1.“Customsaremorethanlaws.”-BenjaminFranklin“習俗比法律更有約束力?！薄窘苊?富蘭克林【來源】這條名言出自本杰明·富蘭克林（BenjaminFranklin），他是一位美國的政治家、外交家、作家、科學家和發(fā)明家。他的這句名言“Customsaremorethanlaws.”強調了習俗在社會中的重要性?！締⑹尽侩m然法律是社會規(guī)范的一種形式，但是習俗在某些情況下比法律更有約束力。這是因為習俗是人們在日常生活中形成的共同行為模式，它們反映了社會的傳統(tǒng)、習慣和文化。當一個社會中的習俗被廣泛接受和遵守時，它們可以成為控制人們行為的有效手段，甚至在某些情況下比法律更具有約束力。2.“Customisasecondnature.”-Jean-JacquesRousseau“習俗是人的第二天性?！薄?雅克?盧梭【來源】他是18世紀的法國哲學家、政治家、教育家和文學家。他的這句名言“Customisasecondnature.”強調了習俗對人類行為和性格的影響。【啟示】習俗對人類的行為和思想有著巨大的影響，它們可以像第二自然一樣塑造我們的性格和行為。盧梭認為，習俗是人類在長期的社會生活中形成的習慣和傳統(tǒng)，它們塑造了我們的思想和行為模式，并使我們在不知不覺中遵循它們。名句積累11.“Customisthegreatguideofhumanlife.”-ThomasJefferson習俗是人類生活的偉大向導?！旭R斯?杰斐遜2.“Customsisthemostpowerfulmasterofall.”JohnLocke習俗是所有事物中最強大的主宰?！s翰?洛克3.“Customsarelikefashions,easilycaughtanddifficulttoshakeoff.”CarlSandburg習俗就像時尚，很容易被感染，卻難以擺脫?！?桑德堡4.Mannersarethelubricationofsociety.EdwardGibbon禮儀是社會生活的潤滑劑?！獝鄣氯A·吉本5.Politenessistheartofgettingalongintheworld.JesseJackson禮貌是為人處世的藝術?！芪鳌そ芸诉d主題探究本單元話題為“TwoopinionsofaColombianandaSwissstudent”圍繞“以遲到十五分鐘吃飯在哪一個國家可以”為話題,引導出不同國家的人對于守時的不同態(tài)度，在哥倫比亞，人們不喜歡匆忙，人們也不介意遲一點，而在瑞士，人們必須要守時，事先必須有約定，反映出不同的國家有不同的生活方式和不同禮儀文化。語篇品讀Onceuponatime,therewasalittleChineseboynamedLiLeiwhodecidedtotraveltoFrancewithhisfamily.Hewasveryexcitedaboutthisnewadventure,buthedidn'tknowmuchaboutFrenchcustoms.WhentheyarrivedinFrance,LiLeiwasoverwhelmedbythedifferentcultureandtraditions.Everythingwasnewandstrangetohim,buthewantedtofitinandmakefriendswiththeotherkidsinhisschool.Oneday,LiLeiwasinvitedtoabirthdaypartyatafriend'shouse.Hewasnervousbecausehedidn'tknowwhattoexpect,buthewasalsoexcitedtoexperienceanewculture.Whenhearrivedattheparty,hesawthatalltheotherkidswerehuggingandkissingeachotherhello.Hedidn'tknowwhattodo,sohejuststoodthereawkwardly.Finally,hedecidedtojustgowiththeflowandhuggedandkissedeveryonearoundhim.Laterthatnight,LiLeirealizedthatinFrance,peoplekisseachotheronthecheekasagreeting,butinChina,thisisnotthecase.Hefeltembarrassedthathehadkissedallhisnewfriends,buttheywereactuallyveryacceptingandkindtohim.LiLeilearnedavaluablelessonthatday:it'simportanttounderstandandrespectdifferentculturesandcustoms.Now,heismoreopen-mindedandwillingtotrynewthings,whichhashelpedhimmakemanynewfriendsinFrance.全文翻譯從前，有個叫李雷的中國小男孩，他決定和家人一起去法國旅行。他對這次新的冒險感到非常興奮，但他對法國的風俗不太了解。當他們到達法國時，李磊被不同的文化和傳統(tǒng)所淹沒。對他來說，一切都是新的和陌生的，但他想融入學校，和其他孩子交朋友。一天，李磊應邀去朋友家參加生日聚會。他很緊張，因為他不知道會發(fā)生什么，但他也很高興能體驗一種新的文化。當他到達聚會時，他看到所有其他孩子都在互相擁抱和親吻問候。他不知道該怎么辦，所以他只是尷尬地站在那里。最后，他決定隨大流，擁抱并親吻他周圍的每個人。那天晚上晚些時候，李磊意識到在法國，人們會親吻對方的臉頰作為問候，但在中國不是這樣。他感到尷尬的是，他親吻了他的所有新朋友，但他們實際上對他非常接受和友善。李磊那天學到了寶貴的一課：理解和尊重不同的文化和習俗很重要。現(xiàn)在，他更加開放，愿意嘗試新事物，這幫助他在法國結交了許多新朋友。詞匯積累1.adventure冒險2.overwhelm淹沒3.awkwardly尷尬地4.embarrassed尷尬地5.valuable有價值的6.open-minded思想開放的題源探究語篇品讀HowtoGreetPeopleinJapanReviewedbyTamiClaytorLastUpdated:March12,2023/Greet-People-in-JapanTravelisawonderfulthing,butlearningnewcustomscanbetricky.Afriendlygestureinonecountrycanbeoutrighthostileinanother,soknowingyourwayaroundbasicgreetingsisamust.IfyouaretravelingtoJapan,knowinghowtogreetothersisakeyskill.Fortunately,thereareafewwaysyoucangreet,rangingfromtheextremelyformaltothemoreinformal.Part1Method1GreetingFormally1Maintaindistance.Donotstepinforahandshake,ahug,orevenafriendlyclapontheback.Instead,maintainarespectfuldistanceofseveralfeet.Japaneseculturevaluesspaceandprivacy,somakesureyourbodylanguagereflectsthesevalues.Keepingtwoorthreefeetbetweenyouandsomeoneelseisagoodruleofthumb.Ifyouarefurtheraway,speakingandinteractingmayproveawkwardordifficult.2Berespectful.Speakdistinctlybutquietly,stayoffofyourcellphoneinpublicspaces,andallowyourhoststotaketheinitiative.Doingthesethingswilldemonstratetoyourfriends,hosts,orbusinesscolleaguesthatyouareadaptableandvaluetheirculturalnorms.Boisterousandaggressivebehaviorarebothconsidereddisrespectful.Bekindtoanyvendorsorservicepeopleyoucomeacross.3Keepyourgazelowered.Boldeyecontactisconsideredquiterude,sokeepyoureyesavertedwheneverpossible.Althoughyoudonothavetostareatyourfeet,trytowatchsomeone’smouthwhiletheytalk,ortheirchin.Avoidheavyeyecontact,asthiscanappearaggressiveandinappropriate.Practiceavoidingeyecontactinthemirrorbytalkingandwatchingyourmouth,orininteractionswithpeoplefromyourhome.ThisrulemaybelaxinsomeareasofJapan,oramongyoungercrowds.4Bowfromthewaisttoa45-degreeangle.Holdyourbowforbetweentwoandfiveseconds,keepingyourhandsnearyourhipsorthighs.Themorerespectyouwishtoconvey,thedeeperyourbowshouldbe.Youcanalsobowwithyourhandspressedtogethernearyourheart.5Shakehands,ifoffered.Althoughyoushouldneverinitiateahandshake,youcanacceptone.Touchingingeneralisconsideredsomewhattabooinaformalsituation,soahandshakeshouldonlybeengagedinifthepersontowhomyouarespeakingbeginsthecontact.6Provideyourbusinesscard.InJapaneseculture,exchangingbusinesscardsisanimportantaspectofcommunication.Toproperlyofferyourbusinesscard,extendyourcardwithbothhands,preferablywithJapanesewritingonthesideofthecardfacingyourcolleague.Toacceptacard,takethecardwithbothhandsandbowtoindicateyourappreciation.Businesscardsareexchangedfromthemostprestigiouspersontotheleast,sodonotofferyourbusinesscardbeforeyoursuperiorshave.全文翻譯在日本如何與人打招呼評論者：

塔米·克萊托最后更新日期：2023年3月12日

旅行是一件美妙的事情，但學習新的習俗可能很棘手。在一個國家的友好姿態(tài)在另一個國家可能是徹底的敵意，所以了解基本的問候方式是必須的。如果您要去日本旅行，知道如何與他人打招呼是一項關鍵技能。幸運的是，打招呼的方式有很多種，從非常正式的到比較非正式的都有。方法一正式問候1保持距離。不要介入握手、擁抱，甚至友好地拍拍背。相反，請保持幾英尺的尊重距離。日本文化重視空間和隱私，因此請確保您的肢體語言反映這些價值觀。與他人保持兩到三英尺的距離是一個很好的經驗法則。如果你們距離較遠，說話和互動可能會很尷尬或困難。2尊重。說話清晰但輕聲，在公共場所不要使用手機，并讓主人采取主動。做這些事情將向您的朋友、東道主或業(yè)務同事表明您具有適應能力并重視他們的文化規(guī)范。喧鬧和攻擊行為都被認為是不尊重的行為。善待您遇到的任何供應商或服務人員。3保持低垂的目光。大膽的目光接觸被認為是非常粗魯?shù)?，因此請盡可能避免目光接觸。雖然你不必盯著自己的腳，但在別人說話時嘗試觀察他們的嘴巴或下巴。避免激烈的目光接觸，因為這可能會顯得咄咄逼人且不恰當。通過說話和注意自己的嘴巴，或者與家里的人互動，練習避免鏡子中的目光接觸。在日本的某些地區(qū)或年輕人群中，這一規(guī)定可能比較寬松。4從腰部鞠躬至45度角。鞠躬兩到五秒鐘，雙手靠近臀部或大腿。你越想表達尊重，你的鞠躬就越深。您也可以雙手合攏靠近心臟的位置鞠躬。5如果主動握手，請握手。盡管您不應該主動握手，但您可以接受握手。一般而言，在正式場合中，身體接觸被視為禁忌，因此只有在與您交談的人開始接觸時才應握手。6提供您的名片。在日本文化中，交換名片是溝通的一個重要方面。為了正確地提供您的名片，請用雙手伸出您的名片，最好在名片面向您同事的一側寫上日語。接受卡片時，請用雙手接過卡片并鞠躬以示謝意。名片的交換順序是從最有威望的人到最不重要的人，所以不要在上級之前提供你的名片。句式仿寫1.每天大聲朗讀英語課文是提高英語能力的好方法之一。__________________________________________________________________【答案】ReadingEnglishtextsaloudeverydayisoneofthebestwayofimprovingti.2.回避交通擁堵，因為這可能給你帶來一些麻煩。______________________________________________________________________【答案】Avoidheavytraffic,asthiscouldbringyousomeproblems.3.你越努力學習，你越會知道你懂的太少。______________________________________________________________________【答案】Themoreyoustudy,thelessyouknowyourknowledgeis.拓展閱讀Passage1主題語境主題群話題詞數(shù)建議用時推薦指數(shù)禮儀/習俗異國旅行的語言差異面對面與人交談時，他理解起來完全沒問題。然而，當他通過電話交談時，他仍然有問題。Andy在法國旅行時24312min★★★★☆（2023河南周口市鄲城投石大聯(lián)考中考英語模擬三）AndywasstilltravellinginFrancewhenherealizedhehadtoconfirm（確認）hisflighthomewiththeairlinecompany.HewasvisitingFranceinorderto___1___hisFrench.Whenhewasspeakingtopeoplefacetoface，hehadno___2___understandingwhattheysaid.However，whenhewasspeakingonthe___3___，hestillhadaproblem.Andycalledtheairline.Andtheclerkwas___4___thathisplanewasleavingatnineo'clockin___5___daysfromthatday.ShealsotoldAndytobeattheairportalittle___6___inordertocheckinhisluggageandgetaseat.Sincehewas___7___inthreedays，Andydidn'tloseanytime.He___8___asmanyplacesashecould.Hethoughtthathewouldn'tbeabletocomebacktovisititagain___9___hehadenoughmoney.Too___10___，thefinaldayarrived.Andyleftearlyfortheairportbeforetheplane___11___.Hehatedtorush.Whenhewenttotheclerktoshowhisticket，theclerklookedattheticketin___12___."Why，sir，butyourflightwasatnineo'clockinthemorning，andnowitiseightintheevening.""ButIconfirmedmy___13___，"saidAndy."WillIhavetopayfor___14___ticket？""No，sir.However，thenextflightwillbeinthreedays.Andy's___15___ofshockturnedtosmileasherealizedthatnowhecouldgoonwithhisvacation.1.A.discuss B.choose C.improve D.express2.A.question B.difficulty C.interest D.explanation3.A.phone B.computer C.Internet D.email4.A.sure B.able C.clean D.true5.A.two B.three C.four D.five6.A.later B.earlier C.quieter D.closer7.A.expecting B.staring C.arriving D.leaving8.A.visited B.went C.came D.dropped.9.A.though B.if C.until D.as10.A.easily B.bravely C.quickly D.simply11.A.putoff B.gaveoff C.gotoff D.tookoff12.A.time B.silence C.surprise D.control13.A.trip B.flight C.train D.money14.A.theother B.others C.other D.another15.A.nose B.ear C.arm D.face【答案】1.C2.B3.A4.A5.B6.B7.D8.A9.C10.C11.D12.C13.B14.D15.D【解答】1.C考查動詞。句意：他去法國是為了提高他的法語水平。A談論；B選擇；C提高；D表達。根據(jù)句意可知此處指提高法語水平。故選C。2.B考查名詞。句意：當他面對面與人交談時，他毫不費力地理解他們所說的。A問題；B困難；C興趣；D解釋。havedifficultydoing表示"做某事有困難"，固定短語。故選B。3.A考查名詞。句意：然而，當他通過電話交談時，他仍然有問題。A電話；B電腦；C網絡；D郵件。根據(jù)Andycalledtheairline.（Andy給航空公司打電話。）可知此處指打電話。故選A。4.A考查形容詞。句意：職員很確定的告訴他，他的飛機將在三天后的早上九點離開。A確定的；B能；C干凈的；D真的。besure表示"確定"。故選A。5.B考查數(shù)詞。句意：職員很確定的告訴他，他的飛機將在三天后的早上九點離開。A二；B三；C四；D五。根據(jù)inthreedays可知此處指三天。故選B。6.B考查比較級。句意：她也告訴他要提前到機場辦理登機手續(xù)和選座位。A更晚的；B更早的；C更安靜的；D更近的。根據(jù)句意可知此處早點到機場。故選B。7.D考查現(xiàn)在分詞。句意：因為三天后他要離開，Andy沒有浪費任何時間。A期待；B扮演；C到達；D離開。根據(jù)前后邏輯關系可知三天后他要離開。故選D。8.A考查動詞。句意：他盡可能多地參觀了許多地方。A參觀；B去；C來；D掉落。根據(jù)Hethoughtthathewouldn'tbeabletocomebacktovisititagain（他認為他不會再來參觀）可知此處用visit。故選A。9.C考查連詞。句意：他認為他不會再來參觀知道他有足夠的錢。A盡管；B如果；C直到；D當時。根據(jù)句意可知此處指時間狀語。故選C。10.C考查副詞。句意：很快最后一天到了。A容易地；B勇敢地；C快速地；D僅僅。根據(jù)句意可知此處指時間過得快。故選C。11.D考查動詞詞組。句意：飛機起飛前Andy早早去機場。A推遲；B釋放；C下車；D起飛。根據(jù)句意可知此處指飛機起飛。故選D。12.C考查名詞。句意：當他去柜臺出示機票時，職員看著機票驚訝地說。A時間；B沉默；C驚訝；D控制。根據(jù)Why，sir，butyourflightwasatnineo'clockinthemorning，andnowitiseightintheevening.（先生，您的航班是早上九點，現(xiàn)在已經晚上八點了.）可知此處職員表示驚訝。故選C。13.B考查名詞。句意：但我確定了我的航班。A旅行；B航班；C火車；D錢。根據(jù)hehadtoconfirmhisflight可知此處為確定航班。故選B。14.D考查代詞。句意：那我需要支付額外的機票費用嗎？A兩者中另一個；B其它的，后面不能接名詞；C其它的，后面需接名詞；D三者或以上中的另一個。根據(jù)單數(shù)ticket可知此處用another。故選D。15.D考查名詞。句意：Andy臉上的震驚轉為微笑，因為他意識到現(xiàn)在他可以繼續(xù)他的假期了。A鼻子；B耳朵；C胳膊；D臉。根據(jù)句意可知此處指臉。故選D。Passage2主題語境主題群話題詞數(shù)建議用時推薦指數(shù)禮儀/習俗生日禮儀的不同分別介紹越南、澳大利亞和挪威的生日習俗32210min★★★★☆（時文閱讀）Asweallknow,atypicalDutchbirthdayusuallyseespeoplesittinginacircle,drinkingcoffee,eatingcakeandgenerallyhavingaveryhappytime.Let’sseehowpeopleelsewherecelebratetheirbirthdays.Manypeopleseetheirbirthdayastheirownspecialday,butnotinVietnam,whereeveryonecelebratestheirbirthdayonthesameday.ThisdayiscalledT?tNguyên?án,orjustTETforshort.ItmarksthestartofspringandthestartofVietnameseNewYear.Peoplelikewearingbrightcolors,especiallyredandyellowbecausetheyarethoughttobringgoodluck.Peoplesetofffirecrackers(鞭炮),andperformliondances.FamiliescometogetherforalargemealoftraditionalVietnamesedishes.Parentsandrelativesgivechildren“LuckyMoney”inredenvelopestocongratulatethemonbecomingayearolder.ManyAustralianbirthdaypartiesarebarbecues(燒烤野餐)astheweathermostofthetimeisnotverycold.InAustralia,birthdaycakeissometimesreplacedwith“FairyBread”,whichisakindofbutteredbreadcutintocuteshapeswith“hundredsandthousands”ontop.Thesecolorfulsweetthingsmakethebreadlookaslovelyasitsounds.BeinggiventhekeytothehouseisconsideredanimportantsignofcomingofageinAustralia.Thistakesplacewhensomeoneturnstheageoftwenty-one.InNorway,thebirthdaychildstandsoutinfrontoftheirclassandchoosesafriendtosharealittledancewith,whiletherestoftheclasssingahappybirthdaysong.Mostbirthdaypartieshavechocolatecakewithchocolatefrostinganddishesofredgelatin(明膠)coveredwithvanillasauce.Atbirthdayparties,guestsmaygofishing,butnotforfish;theyplayagameknownas“FishingforIceCream”,whereeveryonepullsupafrozentreat(甜食)connectedtoapieceofstring.1.Whichcountrymaythewritercomefrom? A.Norway. B.Vietnam. C.Australia. D.TheNetherlands.2.WhatisspecialaboutVietnamesebirthdaycustoms? A.Chocolatecakeisamust. B.Thereisoftenabarbecue. C.Everyone’sbirthdayisonTET. D.EveryonegetsLuckyMoneyasagift.3.Theunderlinedpart“hundredsandthousands”means“______”. A.differentkindsofbutter B.deliciousstrawberryjam C.agreatnumberofcookies D.smallpiecesofcoloredsugar4.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage? A.Apersoncomesofageat21inAustralia. B.FairyBreadisauniquefoodinVietnam. C.PeopleoftenwearredforgoodluckinNorway. D.FishingforIceCreamisplayedonaDutchbirthdayparty.【答案】1.D2.C3.D4.A【解析】1.D通讀文章，作者提到了，荷蘭、越南、澳大利亞和挪威，可以推測作者可能來自于“TheNetherlands”，因為“Dutch”與它同義。2.C在第二自然段中的“justTETforshort”可知。3.D根據(jù)句意，結合“akindofbutteredbreadcutintocuteshapes”和“colorfulsweetthings”可知，是帶色彩的糖。4.A在第五自然中的“someoneturnstheageoftwenty-one.”可知。教材語篇梳理StrangeHappeningsinMyTownWhatisthetexttypeofthepassage?Descriptiontext(說明文)Whatisthecenterofdescription?Theattitudeaboutbeingontimeisdifferentindifferentcountries.InColombia,thepeopledon’tlikerush,theydon’tmindifpeoplearealittlelate.Theyvaluethetimetheyspendtimetheirfamilyandfriends.ButinSwitzerland,peoplethinkbeingontimeisveryimportant.Theythinkit’simpolitetokeepotherwaiting.MainideaofeachparagraphParagraph1:InColombia,thepeopledon’tlikerush,theydon’tmindifpeoplearealittlelate..Paragraph2:InSwitzerland,peoplethinkbeingontimeisveryimportant.Theythinkit’simpolitetokeepotherwaiting.MainideaofthetextTheattitudeabout1.______isdifferentindifferentcountries.InColombia,thepeopledon’tlike2.______,theydon’tmindifpeopleare3.______.They4.______theyspendtimetheirfamilyandfriends.Theyoften5.______theirfriends’homeiftheyhavetime.ButinSwitzerland,peoplethinkitis6.______tobeontime.Someoneinvitesyoutomeetyouatnoon.Ifyou’re15minuteslate,yourfriendmay7.______.Theynevervisitafriend’shousewithout8.______.【答案】1.beingontime2.rusharound3.alittlelate4.valuethetime5.dropby6.veryimportant7.getmad8.callingfirst課文語法填空TeresaLopezfromColombiasaysthatinher1.______(she)country,theyare2.______(relax)abouttime.Theydon’tmindifpeoplearealittlelateifyouinviteafriend3.______yourhousefordinner.Theyliketoenjoytheirtime4.______(slow).Theyoftenvisitfriendswithout5.______(make)plansfirst.Shealsosaysit’spolite6.______boystoshake7.______(hand)andforgirls8.______(kiss)eachotheronthesideoftheface.ButthethingsaboutcustomsinSwitzerlandareverydifferent.MarcLeBlancsaysit’sveryimportanttobeontimeforthem.Ifyouinviteyourfriendtomeet,youhavetobeontime.Ifyouare15minuteslate,yourfriendmaygetmad.It’simpolitetokeepothers9.______(wait).Theyalwaysmakeplanstoseefriends.TheyalsoplantodosomethinginterestingwhilethepeopleinColombiajustwalkaroundthetowncenter,10.______(see)asmanyoftheirfriendsastheycan.【答案】1.her2.relaxed3.to4.slowly5.making6.for7.hands8.tokiss9.waiting10.seeing閱讀微技能1.ReviewingTakingnotesorsummarizingthemainideascanhelpyoumovelanguagefromyourshort-termtolong-termmenory.2.scanningandskimmingUsescanningtogetthedetailsfromthetextanduseskimmingtoknowthemainideaandthestructureofthepassage.Passage1主題語境主題群話題詞數(shù)建議用時推薦指數(shù)禮儀/習俗傳統(tǒng)美德介紹了儒家思想中的傳統(tǒng)美德2747min★★★★☆（2023·江蘇蘇州）Confucianism(儒家思想)hasbeenfollowedbyChinesepeopleformorethantwothousandyears.Tohelppeopleunderstandhowtobehavetowardsothers,ConfucianismteachestheFiveConstants(五常).Theseareren,yi,li,zhiandxin.Theyaregeneralvirtues(美德)aroundtheworld.Themostimportanttwoarerenandli.Renisthefeelingofcareandloveweshouldhaveforothers.Confuciusexplainedrencouldbestbeunderstoodaslovingothers.Heisfamousforteachingpeople“Whatyoudonotwantdonetoyourself,donotdotoothers”.ItisquitesimilartowhatisknownintheWestastheGoldenRule(treatothersasyouwishtobetreated).Whilethemeaningofreniseasytounderstand,liisalittlehardertoexpress.Itcanbethoughtofasdutyorevenrespect.Generally,liisthewayweshouldconnectwithpeopleinoureverydaylife.InConfucianwritings,discussionsaboutliincludetheproperwaytodrinkteaandhowtorememberancestors(祖先).Whilerenismostlyaboutouropinionsandfeelings,liisabouthowweexpressouropinionsandfeelingstowardsothersandtowardstheworldaroundus.Perhapsthemostwell-knownConfucianvirtueisxiao.Thisisthedutychildrenhavetotheirparents.Xiaomeansloving,respecting,obeyingandtakingcareofone’sparentsintheiroldage.InConfucianism,xiaoisimportantforaharmonious(和諧的)society:Withoutit,thewholeworldwouldfallintoamess.105．WhicharethemostimportantoftheFiveConstants?A．Renandyi. B．Renandli. C．Liandxin. D．Yiandzhi.106．WhatisthebestChinesefortheunderlinedsentenceinParagraph3?A．博學于文，約之以禮。 B．學而不思則罔，思而不學則殆。C．己所不欲，勿施于人。 D．君子和而不同，小人同而不和。107．Whichofthefollowingisanexampleofli?A．Buildingapeacefulsociety. B．Takingcareofone’schildren.C．Obeyingrulesfordrinkingtea. D．Learningallthroughone’slife.108．WhatdoesthepassagemainlytellusaboutConfucianism?A．Itsgeneralvirtues. B．Itslonghistory.C．Itsnewchallenges. D．Itsgoldenrules.【答案】105．B106．C107．C108．A【解析】105．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Themostimportanttwoarerenandli.”可知最重要的是仁和禮。故選B。106．詞句猜測題。根據(jù)“ItisquitesimilartowhatisknownintheWestastheGoldenRule(treatothersasyouwishtobetreated)”可知，劃線句子“Whatyoudonotwantdonetoyourself,donotdotoothers”和“按照你希望被對待的方式對待他人”意義相近，即己所不欲勿施于人。故選C。107．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“discussionsaboutliincludetheproperwaytodrinkteaandhowtorememberancestors”可知關于禮的討論包括正確的喝茶方式和如何緬懷祖先。故選C。108．主旨大意題。本文主要介紹了儒家思想的傳統(tǒng)美德。故選A。Passage2主題語境主題群話題詞數(shù)建議用時推薦指數(shù)禮儀/習俗傳統(tǒng)美德人們在日常生活中尊重老年人的例子，并講述了尊重老年人是中華民族的一種傳統(tǒng)美德。2797min★★★★☆（2023·山東濱州）ShowingrespectforseniorsDadshaveFather’sDay.MomshaveMother’sDay.KidshaveChildren’sDay.But,doourgrandparentshaveaspecialholiday?Yes,theydo!TheDoubleNinthFestivalisaspecialdayforelderlypeopleinChina.Thefestivalisontheninthdayoftheninthmonthofthelunarcalendar.AstheChinesewordforninehasthesamesoundasthewordforlong,peopletaketheDoubleNinthFestivaltoshowtheirwishesoflonglifeforelderlypeople.Therearemanytraditionsforthisfestival.Onthatday,familiesgettogetherandclimbmountainsforluckandinthehopethatelderlypeoplewilllivemuchlonger.Theyalsodrinkchrysanthemumwine(菊花酒)andwearaplantcalledzhuyutocelebrateit.Bothchrysanthemumandzhuyuareregardedascleanplantsthatcancleanhousesandcure(治療)diseases.Respectingelderlypeopleisshownn