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[模擬]職稱(chēng)英語(yǔ)衛(wèi)生類(lèi)B級(jí)模擬73

詞匯選項(xiàng)下面共有15個(gè)句子,每個(gè)句子中均有1個(gè)詞或短語(yǔ)帶有

括號(hào)或下劃線,請(qǐng)從每個(gè)句子后面所給的4個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選擇1個(gè)與括號(hào)

里邊部分意義最相近的詞或短語(yǔ)。

詞匯選項(xiàng)(第1-15題,每題1分,共15分)

下面每個(gè)句子中均有1個(gè)詞或短語(yǔ)在括號(hào)中,請(qǐng)為每處括號(hào)部分的詞匯或短

語(yǔ)確定1個(gè)意義最為接近選項(xiàng)。

第1題:

Mostpeople<u>favored</u>theplan.

A.agreed

B.opposed

C.liked

D.voted

參考答案:A

句意為:大多數(shù)人都贊成這個(gè)計(jì)劃。句中favored意為“贊成”。A項(xiàng)agreed

意為“同意,贊成";B項(xiàng)opposed意為“反對(duì)”;C項(xiàng)liked意為“喜歡”;D

項(xiàng)voted意為“投票,選舉”。故本題選A。

第2題:

Thiskindofanimalsareonthevergeof<u>extinction</u>,becauseso

manyarebeingkilledfortheirfur.

A.dryingup

B.dyingout

C.beingexported

D.beingtransplanted

參考答案:B

句意為:這種動(dòng)物瀕臨滅絕,是因?yàn)槿藗優(yōu)楂@取它們的毛皮把它們中的多數(shù)都給

殺死了。extinction意為“滅絕,消滅",與dieout(絕種)意思相近。dryup

意為“擦干”;export意為“出口”;transplant意為“移植”。

第3題:

Icannolonger<u>putup</u>withhisrudeness.

A.tolerate

B.accept

C.take

D.sufferfrom

1

參考答案:A

句意為:我不能再容忍他的無(wú)禮了。單詞tolerate意為“容忍,忍受";accept

意為“接受";take意為“拿去”;詞組sufferfrom意為“受……的折磨”。

詞組putupwith意為“忍受",和tolerate的意思接近。

第4題:

Everyonesaidhewasa<u>decent</u>sortofguy.

A.honest

B.rich

C.good-looking

D.high-ranking

參考答案:A

句意為:人人都說(shuō)他是個(gè)誠(chéng)實(shí)的人。單詞honest意為“誠(chéng)實(shí)的";rich意為“富

裕的";good-looking意為“好看的";high-ranking意為“職位高的”;單

詞decent意為“正派的,得體的,誠(chéng)實(shí)的”,和honest的意思接近。

第5題:

Hersister<u>urged</u>hertoapplyforthejob.

A.advised

B.caused

C.forced

D.promised

參考答案:A

句意為:她姐姐勸說(shuō)她去應(yīng)聘這份工作。urge意為“竭力主張,規(guī)勸某人去做

某事”,所以和advise同義;force則是強(qiáng)迫某人去做某事;cause表示了一種

因果關(guān)系。

第6題:

Thefoodis<u>inadequate</u>fortenpeople.

A.demanded

B.qualified

C.insufficient

D.required

參考答案:C

句意為:這些食物不夠10個(gè)人吃。句中inadequate意為“不充分的"。demanded

意為“要求的";qualified意為“勝任的";insufficient意為“不夠的”;

required意為“必需的"。只有insufficient意思上和inadequate最接近。

2

第7題:

<u>Virtually</u>allthechildrencometoschoolbybus.

A.Actually

B.Really

C.Certainly

D.Almost

參考答案:D

句意為:幾乎所有的孩子都是坐公交車(chē)來(lái)上學(xué)。almost意為“幾乎";actually

意為“實(shí)際上”;really意為“真正地”;certainly意為“確定地”。只有

almost意思上和virtually最接近。

第8題:

<u>While</u>wedon'tagree,wecontinuetobefriends.

A.Whoever

B.Where

C.Although

D.criticized

參考答案:C

句意為:盡管我們之間有異議,我們依然是朋友。although意為“盡管";whoever

意為“無(wú)論誰(shuí)";where意為“在哪兒”;whatever意為“無(wú)論什么”。只有

although意思和while最接近。

第9題:

They<u>attempted</u>tofinishthetaskbeforeJuly.

A.tried

B.aimed

C.agreed

D.promised

參考答案:A

句意為:他們力圖在七月以前完成這項(xiàng)任務(wù)。句中attempttodo意為“力圖,

試圖,盡力做";trytodo意為“試圖,努力做";aimtodo意為“計(jì)劃,

打算,以……為目標(biāo)";agreetodo意為“同意做";promisetodo意為“答

應(yīng)做"。只有try意思上和attempt最接近。

第10題:

Howeverbadthesituationis,themajorityis<u>unwilling</u>torisk

change.

3

A.eager

B.reluctant

C.pleased

D.angry

參考答案:B

句意為:無(wú)論情況有多糟糕,大多數(shù)人還是不愿意冒險(xiǎn)去改變。句中unwilling

意為“不愿意的"。eager意為''熱切的";reluctant意為“勉強(qiáng)的”;pleased

意為"高興的";angry意為"生氣的"。只有reluctant意思上和unwilling

最接近。

第11題:

Eveninahighlymodernizedcountry,<u>manual</u>workisstillneeded.

A.physical

B.mental

C.natural

D.hard

參考答案:A

句意為:即使一個(gè)高度現(xiàn)代化的國(guó)家也依然需要體力勞動(dòng)。physical意為“體

力的,身體的";mental意為“心理的,精神的";natural意為“自然的,天

然的";hard意為"艱難的"。只有physical意思上和manual最接近。

第12題:

An<u>immense</u>cloudofsmokecameoutofthehouse.

A.much

B.enormous

C.little

D.extensive

參考答案:B

句意為:房子里冒出來(lái)大量的濃煙。單詞much為副詞,修飾不可數(shù)名詞;enormous

意為''巨大的;極大的(數(shù)量,程度)";little意為“少的";extensive意為

“廣泛的,大量的";單詞immense意為"廣大的,巨大的",和enormous的

意思接近。

第13題:

Keepyourroom<u>tidy</u>.

A.messy

B.organized

C.beautiful

4

D.neat

參考答案:D

句意為:保持你的房間整齊。句中tidy意為“整齊的";A項(xiàng)messy意為“凌

亂的,骯臟的";B項(xiàng)organized意為“有條理的";C項(xiàng)beautiful意為“美

麗的”;D項(xiàng)neat意為“整潔的,齊整的",故本題選D。

第14題:

Shecriedaloud<u>allatonce</u>.

A.foralongtime

B.suddenly

C.fornoreason

D.quickly

參考答案:B

句意為:她突然大叫起來(lái)。句中allatonce意為“突然”;Aforalongtime

意為“很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間,很久”;B項(xiàng)suddenly意為“突然”;C項(xiàng)forareason意

為“無(wú)緣無(wú)故,無(wú)端”;D項(xiàng)quickly意為“迅速地,很快地”。故本題選B。

第15題:

IfImadeamistake,Iwilltryto<u>remedy</u>it.

A.clarify

B.diagnose

C.evaporate

D.correct

參考答案:D

句意為:如果我犯了錯(cuò)誤,我就會(huì)努力糾正。句中remedy意為“補(bǔ)救,糾正”;

A項(xiàng)clarify意為'澄清,闡明”;B項(xiàng)diagnose意為“診斷,確定”;C項(xiàng)evaporate

意為“蒸發(fā),揮發(fā),消失”;D項(xiàng)correct意為“改正,糾正錯(cuò)誤",故選D。

閱讀判斷閱讀下面這篇短文,短文后列出了7個(gè)句子,請(qǐng)根據(jù)

短文的內(nèi)容對(duì)每個(gè)句子作出判斷。如果該句提供的是正確信息,請(qǐng)選

擇A項(xiàng);如果該句提供的錯(cuò)誤信息,請(qǐng)選擇B項(xiàng);如果該句的信息文

章中沒(méi)有提及,請(qǐng)選擇C項(xiàng)。

閱讀判斷(第16-22題,每題1分,共7分)

下面的短文后列出了7個(gè)句子,請(qǐng)根據(jù)短文的內(nèi)容對(duì)每個(gè)句子做出判斷:如

果該句提供的是正確信息,請(qǐng)選擇A;如果該句提供的是錯(cuò)誤信息,請(qǐng)選擇B;

如果該句的信息文中沒(méi)有提及,請(qǐng)選擇C。

Interview

5

Theimportanceandfocusoftheinterviewintheworkofthe

printandbroadcastjournalistarereflectedinseveralbooksthathave

beenwrittenonthetopic.Mostofthesebooks,aswellasseveralchapters,

mainlyin,butnotlimitedto,journalismandbroadcastinghandbooksand

reportingtexts,stressthe〃howto〃aspectsofjournalisticinterviewing

ratherthantheconceptualaspectsoftheinterview,itscontext,and,

implications.Muchofthe〃howto〃materialisbasedonpersonal

experiencesandgeneralimpressions.Asweknow,injournalismasinother

fields,muchcanbelearnedfromthesystematicstudyofprofessional

practice.Suchstudybringstogetherevidencefromwhichbroad

generalizedprinciplescanbedeveloped.

Thereis,ashasbeensuggested,agrowingbodyofresearch

literatureinjournalismandbroadcasting,butverylittlesignificant

attentionhasbeendevotedtothestudyoftheinterviewitself.Onthe

otherhand,manygeneraltextsaswellasnumerousresearcharticleson

interviewinginfieldsotherthanjournalismhavebeenwritten.Manyof

thesebooksandarticlespresentthetheoreticalandempiricalaspects

oftheinterviewaswellasthetrainingoftheinterviewers.Unhappily,

thisplentifulgeneralliteratureaboutinterviewingpayslittle

attentiontothejournalisticinterviewseemstobesurprisingfortwo

reasons.First,itseemslikelythatmostpeopleinmodernWestern

societiesaremorefamiliar,atleastinapositivemanner,with

journalisticinterviewingthanwithanyotherformofinterviewing.Most

ofusareprobablysomewhatfamiliarwiththeclinicalinterview,such

asthatconductedbyphysiciansandpsychologists.Inthesesituations

theprofessionalpersonorinterviewerisinterestedingetting

informationnecessaryforthediagnosisandtreatmentoftheperson

seekinghelp.Anotherfamiliarsituationisthejobinterview.However,

veryfewofushaveactuallybeeninterviewedpersonallybythemassmedia,

particularlybytelevision.Andyet,wehaveavividacquaintancewith

thejournalisticinterviewbyvirtueofourrolesasreaders,listeners,

andviewers.Evenso,trueunderstandingofthejournalisticinterview,

especiallytelevisioninterview,requiresthoughtfulanalysisandeven

study,asthisbookindicates.

第16題:

Themainideaofthefirstparagraphisthatimportanceshouldbeattached

tothesystematicstudyofjournalisticinterviewing.

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Notmentioned

參考答案:A

第一段中談到,過(guò)去有許多新聞采訪的書(shū)籍主要強(qiáng)調(diào)采訪的方法,忽略了對(duì)采訪

6

工作本身及其內(nèi)涵的研究,所以作者在本段最后兩句中指出,應(yīng)對(duì)新聞采訪的專(zhuān)

業(yè)內(nèi)容進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)的研究,并認(rèn)為該研究可以收集材料制定新聞采訪的基本原則。

由此可見(jiàn),題干的說(shuō)法是正確的。

第17題:

Muchresearchhasbeendoneoninterviewsingeneral,sothetrainingof

journalisticinterviewershaslikewisebeenstrengthened.

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Notmentioned

參考答案:B

選B的依據(jù)是第二段第四句話"Unhappily,thisplentifulgeneralliterature

aboutinter一viewingpayslittleattentiontothejournalisticinterview

seemstobesurprisingfortworea一sons.”原文中說(shuō)新聞采訪不注重記者

采訪,與題目的意思正好相反,因此題干的說(shuō)法是錯(cuò)誤的。

第18題:

Westernersarefamiliarwiththejournalisticinterview,butmostofthem

maynothavebeeninterviewedinperson.

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Notmentioned

參考答案:A

選A的依據(jù)是第二段倒數(shù)第三句However,veryfewofushaveactuallybeen

interviewedpersonallybythemassmedia,particularlybytelevision.”

西方人雖然熟悉記者采訪,但是很少有人被采訪過(guò)。題目與原文表達(dá)的意思是一

致的,因此,題干的說(shuō)法是正確的。

第19題:

Thepatientistheintervieweeinaclinicalinterview.

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Notmentioned

參考答案:A

顯然患者就是臨床問(wèn)診中心的被問(wèn)者,因而題干的說(shuō)法是正確的。

第20題:

Thepassageismostlikeapartofajournalisticinterview.

7

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Notmentioned

參考答案:B

本文第一句”…inseveralbooksthathavebeenwrittenonthetopic”及

最后一句中的“…asthisbookindicates”可以看出,本文很可能是一本書(shū)的

序言,而不是新聞采訪。

第21題:

Weshouldpayattentiontotheinterviewinaclinicalinterview.

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Notmentioned

參考答案:C

本文主要講journalisticinterview,沒(méi)有講要注意臨床問(wèn)診中心的詢(xún)問(wèn)。

第22題:

Thetelevisioninterviewsdon'trequirethoughtfulanalysis.

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Notmentioned

參考答案:B

選B的依據(jù)是文章倒數(shù)第一句"Evenso,theunderstandingOfthejournalistic

inter-view,especiallytelevisioninterview,requiresthoughtful

analysisandevenstudy,asthishookindicates.”原文中說(shuō)尤其在電視

采訪中更需要深思熟慮的分析,正好與題干表達(dá)的意思相反,因而題干的說(shuō)法是

錯(cuò)誤的。

概括大意與完成句子閱讀下面這篇短文,短文后有2項(xiàng)測(cè)試任

務(wù):(1)1?4題要求從所給的6個(gè)選項(xiàng)中為第2?5段每段選擇1個(gè)

正確的小標(biāo)題;(2)第5?8題要求從所給的6個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選擇4個(gè)正確

的選項(xiàng),分別完成每個(gè)句子。

PregnantWomenWarnedAboutACEInhibitor

Someofthemostcommonlyusedmedicinesforhighbloodpressure

aredrugscalledACEinhibitors.Doctorshavegiventhesedrugsto

patientsfortwenty-fiveyears.AgovernmentstudyintheUnitedStates

foundthattheusealmostdoubledbetween1995and2000.

8

DoctorshaveknownforyearsthatwomenshouldnottakeACE

inhibitorsduringthelastsixmonthsofpregnancy.Themedicinecan

injurethebaby.ACEinhibitors,though,havebeenconsideredsafewhen

takenduringthefirstthreemonths.Butanewstudyhasfoundthatwomen

whotakethesedrugsearlyintheirpregnancystillincreasetheriskof

birthdisorders.Thestudyshowsthat,comparedtoothers,theirbabies

werealmostthreetimesaslikelytobebornwithmajorproblems.These

includedproblemswiththeformationofthebrainandnervoussystemand

holesintheheart.

Theresearcherssaytheyfoundnoincreasedriskinwomenwho

tookotherbloodpressuremedicinesduringthefirstthreemonths.

ResearchersatVanderbiltUniversityinTennesseeandBostonUniversity

didthestudy.TheNewEnglandJournalofMedicinepublishedtheresults.

Theresearchersstudiedtherecordsofalmostthirtythousandbirths

between1985and2000.Twohundredninebabieswereborntowomenwhotook

ACEinhibitorsduringthefirstthreemonthsoftheirpregnancies.

Eighteenofthebabies,oralmostninepercent,hadmajordisorders.

ACEinhibitorsareoftengiventopatientswithdiabetes.But

diabetesduringpregnancycanresultinbirthdefects.Sothestudydid

notincludeanywomenknowntobediabetic.ACEinhibitorssuppressa

proteincalledangiotensin-convertingenzymeorACE.Thisenzymeproduces

achemicalinthebodythatmakesbloodpassagesnarrow.Thedrugsincrease

theflowofbloodsopressureisreduced.

Newdrugsaretestedonpregnantanimalstoseeiftheymight

causebirthdefectsinhumans.Butexpertssaythesetestsarenotalways

dependable.TheUnitedStatesFoodandDrugAdministrationhelpedpayfor

thestudy.TheF.D.A.sayswomenwhomightbecomepregnantshouldtalk

withtheirdoctoraboutotherwaystotreathighbloodpressure.

23-26的選項(xiàng)

A.EffectsofACEandACEInhibitors

B.WideUseofACEInhibitors

C.HowtoDealwithHighBloodPressureinPregnantWomen

D.DamagetoPregnantWomen'sFutureBabies

E.SuggestionsonStoppingtheUseofACEInhibitors

F.RelativeSafetyforWomenDuringtheFirstThreeMonthsof

Pregnancies

27-30的選項(xiàng)

A.thatmaycauseourbloodvesselstobecomemoreandmore

narrow

B.forpregnantwomentotakeduringtheirlastsixmonthsof

pregnancies

C.thattheirlikelihoodtosuffermajorproblemsistwotimes

higherthanotherbabies

D.withtheirdoctorsabouthowtotreattheirproblems

9

E.becausediabetesduringpregnancymaysometimesleadtobirth

defects

F.thoughtheirmotherstookACEinhibitorsduringtheirfirst

threemonthsofpregnancies

第23題:

Paragraph2

參考答案:

D

詳細(xì)解答:

第二段說(shuō)的是孕婦在孕期最后六個(gè)月服用ACE抑制劑會(huì)給未來(lái)嬰兒帶來(lái)傷

害,嬰兒患大病的可能性幾乎是其他嬰兒的三倍,包括大腦和神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)發(fā)育缺陷

及心臟出現(xiàn)空洞等。

第24題:

Paragraph3

參考答案:

F

詳細(xì)解答:

第三段說(shuō)患高血壓的孕婦在孕期頭三個(gè)月服用其他降壓藥,她們的危險(xiǎn)性并

沒(méi)有增加;即使服用ACE抑制劑,其嬰兒也只有大約9%患大病。故妊娠頭三個(gè)

月相對(duì)安全。

第25題:

Paragraph4

參考答案:

A

詳細(xì)解答:

第四段說(shuō),ACE抑制劑可以抑制一種叫ACE的蛋白質(zhì),ACE可以使血管變窄,

而ACE抑制劑則可增加血流使血壓下降。

第26題:

Paragraph5

參考答案:

C

詳細(xì)解答:

10

第五段說(shuō)到,雖然目前正在妊娠動(dòng)物上試驗(yàn)新藥,但其結(jié)果也不一定可靠,

因此患高血壓的妊娠婦女還是要去咨詢(xún)醫(yī)生。

第27題:

FDAsuggeststhatpregnantwomenwithhighbloodpressureshould

consult.

參考答案:

D

詳細(xì)解答:

本題答案在文章的最后一句talkwith與consultwith的意思相同,都是

“咨詢(xún)、商量”的意思。

第28題:

ACEinhibitorsarenotrecommended.

參考答案:

B

詳細(xì)解答:

第二段第一句說(shuō)到,多年來(lái)醫(yī)生已經(jīng)知道,婦女在妊娠的后六個(gè)月不應(yīng)該服

用ACE抑制劑。

第29題:

Evidenceshowedonlyasmallpercentageofbabiessufferedmajor

disorders.

參考答案:

F

詳細(xì)解答:

第三段后半部說(shuō)到,研究人員研究了大約30,000個(gè)嬰兒,其中209個(gè)嬰兒

的母親在妊娠的頭三個(gè)月服用過(guò)ACE抑制劑,但只有18個(gè)嬰兒患有大病,大約

占9%o

第30題:

ACEisariskfactortoourbody.

參考答案:

A

詳細(xì)解答:

本題答案在第四段倒數(shù)第二句,該句說(shuō),這種酶(即ACE)可使血管變窄。

11

閱讀理解下面有3篇短文,每篇短文后有5道題,每道題后面

有4個(gè)選項(xiàng)。請(qǐng)仔細(xì)閱讀短文并根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容回答其后面的問(wèn)題,從

4個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選擇1個(gè)最佳答案。

MedicineAwardKicksoffNobelPrizeAnnouncements

Twoscientistswhohavewonpraiseforresearchintothegrowth

ofcancercellscouldbecandidatesfortheNobelPrizeinmedicinewhen

the2008winnersarepresentedonMonday,kickingoffsixdaysofNobel

announcements.

Australian-bornU.S.citizenElizabethBlackburnandAmerican

CarolGreiderhavealreadywonaseriesofmedicalhonorsfortheirenzyme

researchandexpertssaytheycouldbeamongthefront-runnersforaNobel.

Onlysevenwomenhavewonthemedicineprizesincethefirst

NobelPrizeswerehandedoutin1901.ThelastfemalewinnerwasU.S.

researcherLindaBuckin2004,whosharedtheprizewithRichardAxel.

Amongthepair'spossiblerivalsareFrenchmanPierreChambon

andAmericansRonaldEvansandElwoodJensen,whoopenedupthefieldof

studyingproteinscallednuclearhormonereceptors.

Asusual,theawardcommitteeisgivingnohintsaboutwhois

intherunningbeforepresentingitsdecisioninanewsconferenceat

Stockholm'sKarolinskaInstitute.

AlfredNobel,theSwedewhoinventeddynamite,establishedthe

prizesinhiswillinthecategoriesofmedicine,physics,chemistry,

literatureandpeace.TheeconomicsprizeistechnicallynotaNobelbut

a1968creationofSweden'scentralbank.

Nobelleftfewinstructionsonhowtoselectwinners,but

medicinewinnersaretypicallyawardedforaspecificbreakthroughrather

thanabodyofresearch.

HansJornvall,secretaryofthemedicineprizecommittee,said

the10millionkronor(US$1.3million)prizeencouragesgroundbreaking

researchbuthedidnotthinkwinningitwastheprimarygoalfor

scientists.

^Individualresearchersprobablydon'tlookatthemselvesas

potentialNobelPrizewinnerswhenthey'reatwork,“JornvalltoldThe

AssociatedPress."Theygettheirkicksfromtheirresearchandtheir

interestinhowlifefunctions.

In2006,Blackburn,oftheUniversityofCalifornia,San

Francisco,andGreider,ofJohnsHopkinsUniversityinBaltimore,shared

theLaskerprizeforbasicmedicalresearchwithJackSzostakofHarvard

MedicalSchool.Theirworksetthestageforresearchsuggestingthat

cancercellsusetelomerasetosustaintheiruncontrolledgrowth.

第31題:

WhoisNOTalikelycandidateforthisyear'sNobelPrizeinmedicine?

A.PierreChambon.

12

B.LindaBuck.

C.CarolGreider.

D.ElizabethBlackburn.

參考答案:B

從短文的前四段可以看出,只有2004年獲得諾貝爾醫(yī)學(xué)獎(jiǎng)的LindaBuck不在今

年的候選人范圍內(nèi)。

第32題:

WhichisNOTtrueofAlfredNobel?

A.HewasfromSweden.

B.Hewastheinventorofdynamite.

C.Heestablishedtheprizesinhiswill.

D.Hegaveclearinstructionsonhowtoselectwinners.

參考答案:D

短文的第七段說(shuō)到,對(duì)于如何選拔獲獎(jiǎng)?wù)咧Z貝爾并沒(méi)有多少交代。

第33題:

WhichwasNOToriginallyoneoftheNobelPrizes?

A.Themedicineprize.

B.Theliteratureprize.

C.Thepeaceprize.

D.Theeconomicsprize.

參考答案:D

短文的第六段說(shuō)到,諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)在設(shè)立時(shí)并沒(méi)有經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)。

第34題:

Theword〃kicks〃inline6fromthebottomprobablymeans.

A.knowledge

B.motivation

C.income

D.excitement

參考答案:D

從上下文不難看出,科學(xué)家搞研究的主要目的不是為了獲獎(jiǎng),他們從其所從事的

研究以及生命運(yùn)行的興趣中獲得很大快感。

第35題:

13

TheresearchbyBlackburnandGreiderhelpssuggesttheroleof.

A.moneyinmedicalresearch.

B.proteinsincancertreatment.

C.hormonesinthefunctioningoflife.

D.telomeraseinthegrowthofcancercells.

參考答案:D

短文的最后一句話表明,研究顯示癌細(xì)胞利用端粒酶來(lái)支持其無(wú)限增殖,而這幾

位科學(xué)家的工作為這種研究打下了基礎(chǔ)。

StudySaysDogsCanSmellCancer

Dogsareknownfortheirsenseofsmell.Theycanfindmissing

peopleandthings1ikebombsandillegaldrugs.Nowastudysuggeststhat

theanimalknownasman'sbestfriendcanevenfindbladdercancer.

Cancercellsarethoughttoproducechemicalswithunusual

odors(氣味).Researchersthinkdogshavetheabilitytosmellthese

odors,eveninverysmallamounts,inurine(尿).Thesenseofsmellindogs

isthousandsoftimesbetterthaninhumans.

Thestudyfollowsreportsofcaseswhere,forexample,adog

showedgreatinterestinagrowthonthelegofitsowner.Themole(痣)was

laterfoundtobeskincancer.

CarolynWillisledateamofresearchersatAmershamHospital

inEngland.Theytraineddifferentkindsofdogsfortheexperiment.The

studyinvolvedurinecollectedfrombladdercancerpatients,frompeople

withotherdiseasesandfromhealthypeople.

Eachdogwastestedeighttimes.Ineachtesttherewereseven

samplesforthedogstosmell.Thedogwassupposedtosignaltheonefrom

abladdercancerpatientbylyingdownnexttoit.

Twocockerspaniels(短腿長(zhǎng)毛垂耳小獵犬)werecorrectfifty-six

percentofthetime.Butthescientistsreportedanaveragesuccessrate

offorty-onepercent.

Asagroup,thestudyfoundthatthedogschosethecorrect

sampletwenty-twooutoffifty-fourtimes.Thatisalmostthreetimesmore

oftenthanwouldbeexpectedbychancealone.

TheBritishMedicalJournalpublishedtheresearch.Inall,

thirty-sixbladdercancerpatientsandonehundredandeightotherpeople

tookpart.

Duringtraining,allthedogsreportedlyevenidentifieda

cancerinapersonwhohadtestedhealthybeforethestudy.Doctorsfound

agrowthontheperson'srightkidney(腎),

Bladdercanceristheninthmostcommoncancerworldwide.The

InternationalAgencyforResearchonCancersaysthisdiseasekillsmore

thanonehundredthousandpeopleeachyear.Doctorssaycigarettesmoking

14

istheleadingcauseofbladdercancer.

第36題:

Theexperimentwasconductedina.

A.policestation

B.hospital

C.trainingschool

D.privatehome

參考答案:B

第四段尤其第一句明確說(shuō)到英國(guó)的一所醫(yī)院的研究小組進(jìn)行這項(xiàng)試驗(yàn)。

第37題:

Thedog'saveragesuccessratewas.

A.26%

B.22%

C.41%

D.56%

參考答案:C

第六段第二句說(shuō),科學(xué)家報(bào)告,平均成功率為41%。

第38題:

Participantsintheexperimentwere.

A.36bladdercancerpatients

B.144cancerpatients

C.108healthypeople

D.144sickandhealthypeople

參考答案:D

第四段最后一句說(shuō),尿液的收集來(lái)自膀胱癌病人、其他病人和健康人。第八段又

說(shuō),總共有36位膀胱癌病人和108位其他人參加。

第39題:

Thepersonwhohadtestedhealthybeforethestudy.

A.droppedout

B.passedaway

C.wasfoundtohavecancer

D.wasfoundtoremainhealthy

參考答案:C

15

第九段說(shuō)到,這位以前被檢查為健康的人被確認(rèn)患有癌癥,醫(yī)生查出右腎長(zhǎng)有瘤

子。

第40題:

WhichisNOTtrueofbladdercancer?

A.Itisthe9thmostcommoncancerworldwide.

B.Itcanbeidentifiedonlybydogs.

C.Itkillsmorethan100,000peopleeachyear.

D.Itismainlycausedbysmoking.

參考答案:B

最后一段三個(gè)句子分別證明A、C、D三個(gè)選項(xiàng)是正確的,只有B項(xiàng)沒(méi)有提到,根

據(jù)推理也不可能是正確的。

NewFoodsandtheNewWorld

Inthelast500years,nothingaboutpeople一nottheirclothes,

ideas,orlanguages一haschangedasmuchaswhattheyeat.Theoriginal

chocolatedrinkwasmadefromtheseedsofthecocoatreebySouthAmerican

Indians.TheSpanishintroducedittotherestoftheworldduringthe

1500's.Andalthoughitwasveryexpensive,itquicklybecamefashionable.

InLondon,shopswherechocolatedrinkswereservedbecameimportant

meetingplaces.Somestillexisttoday.

ThepotatoisalsofromtheNewWorld.Around1600,theSpanish

broughtitfromPerutoEurope,whereitsoonwaswidelygrown.Ireland

becamesodependentonitthatthousandsofI-rishpeoplestarvedwhen

thecropfailedduringthe"PotatoFamine”of1845—1846,andthousands

morewereforcedtoemigratetoAmerica.

TherearemanyotherfoodsthathavetraveledfromSouthAmerica

totheOldWorld.Butsomeotherswentintheoppositedirection.Brazil

isnowtheworld'slargestgrowerofcoffee,andcoffeeisanimportant

cropinColombiaandotherSouthAmericancountries.Butitisnativeto

E-thiopia.ItwasfirstmadeintoadrinkbyArabsduringthe1400's.

AccordingtoanArabiclegend,coffeewasdiscoveredwhena

personnamedKaldinoticedthathisgoatswereattractedtotheredberries

onacoffeebush.Hetriedoneandexperiencedthe"wide-awake〃feeling

thatone-thirdoftheworld'spopulationnowstartsthedaywith.

第41題:

Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowinghaschangedthemostin

thelast500years?

A.Food.

B.Chocolate.

C.Potato.

D.Coffee.

16

參考答案:A

細(xì)節(jié)題。第一'段第一句:Inthelast500years,nothingaboutpeople-not

theirclothes,ideas,orlanguages-haschangedasmuchaswhatthey

eat.(在過(guò)去的500年中,沒(méi)有任何關(guān)于人類(lèi)的東西,如他們的衣服,觀點(diǎn)或語(yǔ)

言,會(huì)像他們吃的食物變化那么大)同時(shí)使用比較級(jí)和否定詞表示最高級(jí),意思

恰恰就是A選項(xiàng)的內(nèi)容。

第42題:

“Some"in"somestillexisttoday""(Para.1)means.

A.somecocoatrees

B.somechocolatedrinks

C.someshops

D.someSouthAmericanIndians

參考答案:C

細(xì)節(jié)題。從第一段最后兩句話:Londonshopswherechocolatedrinkswere

servedbecameimportantmeetingplaces.Somestillexisttoday.(在倫

敦,供應(yīng)巧克力飲料的店鋪成為了重要的聚會(huì)地點(diǎn)。直到今天還存在一些這樣的

店鋪)可以推斷這里的some指的就是Londonshopso

第43題:

ThousandsofIrishpeoplestarvedduringthe"PotatoFamine”

because.

A.theyweresodependentonthepotatothattheyrefusedtoeat

anythingelse

B.theywereforcedtoemigratetoAmerica

C.theweatherconditionsinIrelandwerenotsuitableforgrowingthe

potato

D.thepotatoharvestwasbad

參考答案:D

細(xì)節(jié)題。第二段第三句:Irelandbecamesodependentonitthatthousands

ofIrishpeoplestarvedwhenthecropfailedduringthe“PotatoFamine”

of1845—1846.(愛(ài)爾蘭人非常依賴(lài)土豆,在1845年到1846年期間的土豆饑荒

中成千上萬(wàn)的愛(ài)爾蘭人由于土豆欠收而挨餓)。強(qiáng)調(diào)thecropfailed,thecrop

即potato。A項(xiàng)沒(méi)有說(shuō)明土豆欠收這個(gè)關(guān)鍵事實(shí);B項(xiàng)是starve導(dǎo)致的結(jié)果,

并非原因;C項(xiàng)文章并未提及。

第44題:

Coffeeoriginallycamefrom.

17

A.Brazil

B.Colombia

C.Ethiopia

D.Arabia

參考答案:C

細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第三段倒數(shù)第二句:Butitisnative(本土的、當(dāng)?shù)氐?to

Ethiopia.句中it即指coffee,意思是咖啡最早產(chǎn)自埃塞俄比亞。A、B項(xiàng)和

ButitisnativetoEthiopia矛盾;根據(jù)第三段最后一句:Arabs最早將咖啡

制作為飲品??梢酝茢郉是錯(cuò)誤的。

第45題:

TheArabiclegendisusedtoprovethat.

A.coffeewasfirstdiscoveredbyKaldi

B.

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