2024-2025學(xué)年高一英語必修第一冊(cè)（譯林版）UNIT 3 Grammar and usage教學(xué)課件

UNIT3

GettingalongwithothersGrammarandusageGrammarandusageRestrictiverelativeclauseswithrelativepronounsLead-inComparethefollowingsentencesandreadthemaloud.(1)Peoplehaveclosefriends.Peoplenaturallyenjoytheircompany.

Peoplewhohaveclosefriendsnaturallyenjoytheircompany.(2)Heisrichenough.Hehastruefriends.Heisrichenoughwhohastruefriends.(3)Friendshipisapreciouswealth.Onesearchesforitallhislife.Friendshipisapreciouswealth(that)onesearchesforallhislife.ExploringtherulesReadamagazinearticleinPartAonPage34andfindouttherestrictiverelativeclauseswithrelativepronouns.1.Arealfriendissomeonewhowalksinwhentherestoftheworldwalksout.2.Arealfriendissomeonewhosesupportwecancounton.3.Arealfriendissomeonewhoseesourtrueself,notjustthefacethatweshowtotheworld.4.…themoderntoolsthatkeepusconnectedareeatingawayatthemeaningoffriendship.5.Socialmedialikeblogshascomebetweenusandthefriendswhomwelove.6.“Sharing”ourexperiencesonsocialmediaisnotenoughtoexpressthevalueswhichmattermosttous.7.“Linking”ourfriends’photosonlinedoesnotdeveloptheconnectionwhichweshare.Thegirlwhoisinredismysister.theantecedent()therestrictiverelativeclausestherelativepronounthemainclauseCombinethefollowingsentencesusingrelativeclauses.(1)Thetreesareinfrontofthelibrary.Theyhavelosttheirleaves.Thetreeswhichareinfrontofthelibraryhavelosttheirleaves.“Which”functionsasthesubjectinthe

relativeclause.(2)Wesawtheworkerjustnow.Heisthebestengineerinourfactory.Theworker(whom)wesawjustnowisthebestengineerinourfactory.“Whom”functionsastheobjectinthe

relativeclause.Wecanleaveout“who”“whom”“which”and“that”whentheyaretheobjectsinthe

relativeclause.(3)Itusedtobeafarm.Itisnolongerafarm.Itisnolongerthefarmthatitusedtobe.“That”functionsasthepredicativeinthe

relativeclause.(4)Hehasasister.Ican’trememberhername.HehasasisterwhosenameIcan’tremember.“Whose”functionsastheattributiveinthe

relativeclause.Applyingtherules

Finishthetablebelow.人物主語賓語定語thatwhothatwhichthatwhowhomthatwhichwhosewhoseFinish“Workingouttherules”onPage34.which?Arestrictiverelativeclausemodifiesanoun，pronounornounphrasebeforeit.Weuserelativepronounsorrelativeadverbstointroducerestrictiverelativeclauses.?Weuse（1）

forthings，and（2）

andwhomforpeople.Wecanuse（3）

forboththingsandpeople.Weuse（4）

toshowpossession.whothatwhose1.Insomecases,only“that”canbeusedastherelativepronounswhile“which”or“who”can’t.Theyare:(1)Whentheantecedentisanindefinitepronounsuchas“all,everything,nothing,something,anything,little,much”.e.g.I’msureshehassomething

(that)youwant.(2)Whentheantecedentisanounornounphrasewithsuchdeterminersas“all,every,no,some,any,little,much”.e.g.Ihavereadallthebooks(that)youwrote.(3)Whentheantecedenttakesapremodifierinthesuperlativedegreeoranordinalnumeral.e.g.Thisisthebestmovie(that)Ihaveeverseen.(4)Whentheantecedentisanounornounphrasemodifiedby“theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast,theright”.e.g.Thisistheverybook(that)I’mlookingfor.(5)Whentheantecedentincludesbothpersonsandthings.e.g.Doyouknowthepersonsandthings(that)theyaretalkingabout?(6)Whenthemainclausebeginswith“which”or“who”.Whichisthedress(that)youlikebest?Whoisthegirlthatwonthegoldmedal?(7)Whentheantecedentfunctionsasthepredicativeintherelativeclause.e.g.Myhometownisnolongerthevillagethatitusedtobe.2.Afterapreposition,therelativepronouncanonlybe“which”or“whom”.Theparkisaplacewhich/thatIoftengoto.=TheparkisaplacetowhichIoftengo.Thisisthewomanthedaughterofwhomisafamousteacher.=Thisisthewomanwhosedaughterisafamousteacher.Wehavethreeforeignteachers,twoofwhomarefromCanada.Theoldmanhastwosons,bothofwhomaredoctors.Hespentfouryearsincollege,duringwhichtimehestudiedcomputerscience.3.Therelativepronounafter“theway”canbe“that”“inwhich”ornorelativepronoun.e.g.Idon’tliketheway(that/inwhich)youtalktome.1.RewritethesentencesusingrestrictiverelativeclausesinPartB1onPage35.1

Commoninterestsproviderichground.Manyfriendshipsgrowfromrichground.Commoninterestsproviderichground

.2

Whenfriends’communicationiswarmandopen，friendshipsgrowbest.Friendshipsgrowbestbetweenfriends

.3

Friendshipsarelikeflowers.Theseflowersneedtobetakengoodcareof.

Friendshipsarelikeflowers

.4

Arelationshipwithatruefriendwillsurelyproducefruit.Youcancountonatruefriend.Arelationshipwithatruefriend

willsurelyproducefruit.5

Youhavebeenhelpedbyothers.Tomakefriends，youshouldhelpothersinthesameway.Tomakefriends，youshouldhelpotherstheway

.fromwhichmanyfriendshipsgrowwhosecommunicationiswarmandopen

which/thatneedtobetakengoodcareof

（whom/that/who）youcancounton

（inwhich/that）youhavebeenhelped2.CompletethepassageinB2withcorrectrelativepronounswherenecessary.InMarkTwain’sAdventuresofHuckleberryFinn，thefriendship（1）

formsbetweenHuckFinnandJimisanimportantthemeofthebook，thoughtheyappeartobeanunlikelypair.Huckisapoorwhiteboy（2）

fatheroftenbeatshim，whileJimisablack（3）

longstobefree.Oneday，Huckrunsawayfromhometoanisland.TherehemeetsJimandmakesfriendswithhim.Thentheyleavetheislandtogetheronaraft（4）

theyfindontheMississippiRiver.TheyheadnorthtoIllinois，astatein（5）

Jimcanbecomefree.ThehighpointofthestorycomeswhenHuckisfacedwiththedecisionofwhethertohandJimovertosomeslavecatchers.Intheend，HuckdecidesthatJimisafriend（6）

heneedsandvalues，andrefusestogivehimup.Fromthisstorywecanseethatfriendsarepeople（7）_________

supportyouthroughthickandthin.that/which

whose

who/that

which/that/不填whichwhom/that/who/不填who/that

3.Workinpairstodescribeaclassmateofyours,usingrelativeclauseswherenecessary.Thenshareyourdescriptionsinclasswithouttellingthenameofthepersonwhoisdescribedandlettheotherstudentsguesswhoyouaretalkingabout.單元語法關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的限制性定語從句1限制性定語從句概述：在復(fù)合句中作定語，修飾主句或主句中某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句。限制性定語從句是定語從句的分支。限制性定語從句表現(xiàn)為在意義上是先行詞不可缺少的定語，若省略，所修飾主句的內(nèi)容就不完整或失去意義，和主句的關(guān)系十分密切，不可用逗號(hào)分開。先行詞是被定語從句修飾的名詞或代詞；關(guān)系詞是引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞，并代替先行詞在從句中作一定的句子成分。構(gòu)成：附：?jiǎn)卧Z法精講精練觀察定語從句體會(huì)其作用1.Doyouknowthemanthat/whoiswaitingoutside?2.Heshowedmethephotos（that/which）hetookonhistriptoXi’an.3.Simonisthepoormanwhosecarhasbeenstolen.(1)例句1中的黑體詞在定語從句中作

，不可省略。(2)例句2中的黑體詞在定語從句中作

，可以省略。(3)例句3中的黑體詞在定語從句中作

。主語賓語定語2定語從句的先行詞及關(guān)系代詞Godhelpsthose

who/thathelpthemselves.上帝幫助自強(qiáng)的人。Thisisthe

factory

which/thatweoncevisited.這是我們?cè)?jīng)參觀過的工廠。Therecamealotofchildren，mostofwhomIdidn’tknow.來了許多孩子，大多數(shù)我都不認(rèn)識(shí)。That’sthe

man

whosehousehasburneddown.那就是那個(gè)房屋燒毀的人。

【誤區(qū)警示】（1）在定語從句中作動(dòng)詞賓語時(shí)或介詞后用whom，不用who，口語中whom前無介詞時(shí)可用that或who代替。（2）關(guān)系代詞在從句中作賓語時(shí)，通?？梢允÷浴heman（whom/who/that）yousawjustnowisourmanager.你剛才看見的男子是我們的經(jīng)理。（3）whose既可以指人也可以指物，既可以說“某人的”，也可以說“某物的”。Idon’twanttopayforthebookwhosecoverislost.我不想為這本沒有封面的書付款。單句語法填空(1)Isthisthebookwhichyourfatherboughtforyou?___________

(2)Whoisthemanthatisspeakingtoyourmother?___________(3)Theyrushedovertohelpthemanwhosecarhadbrokendown.__________

用定語從句合并句子(4)Thisisthehouse.LuXunoncelivedinthehouse.→Thisisthehouse____________________________________________.(5)TheboyisTom.Theboyisstudyingintheclassroom.→Theboy_______________________________________isTom.單句語法填空(6)—Doyouknoweveryone____________cametotheparty?—No，Idon’tknowtheone________________youhadalongtalkwith.(7)［詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)］Iadmiremyclassmates__________Englishisgood.(8)Thereport______________willbegiventomorrowisimportanttous.thebookthemanthat/whichLuXunoncelivedinthat/whoisstudyingintheclassroomwho/thatwhosethemanwhom/who/thatwhich/that3關(guān)系代詞that與which的區(qū)別用that而不用which的情況（1）先行詞是不定代詞或被不定代詞修飾。（2）先行詞是序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)或被其修飾。（3）先行詞前有thevery，theonly等修飾。（4）先行詞既有人也有物。（5）先行詞前有疑問代詞which時(shí)。（6）therebe句型中，句子的主語是先行詞而且又是指物的名詞。（7）先行詞為主句的表語或關(guān)系代詞在從句中作表語。用which的情況（1）引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。（先行詞和后面的定語從句被逗號(hào)隔開）Paper-cutting，whichisatraditionalartforminourcountry，datesfromtheHanDynasty.剪紙可追溯到漢朝，它是我們國(guó)家的傳統(tǒng)藝術(shù)形式。（2）在定語從句中作介詞的賓語，且介詞位于關(guān)系代詞前時(shí)。Thisisthebookfor

whichIpaidfivedollars.這就是我花5美元買的那本書。【學(xué)法點(diǎn)撥】學(xué)習(xí)語法（定語從句）時(shí)，我們不要為太多的規(guī)則所累，要學(xué)會(huì)抓住其核心知識(shí)，如關(guān)系代詞that和which的區(qū)別，我們不難發(fā)現(xiàn)，that的用法多于which，因此我們只要謹(jǐn)記which的特殊用法，自然就不會(huì)用錯(cuò)。單句語法填空(1)Isthereanything

Icandoforyou?(2)Iliketheverymethod

sheusestolearnEnglish.(3)Whowasthewoman

youweretalkingwith?(4)Maybeyouhaveahabit

isdrivingyourfamilycrazy.(5)Intheend，shedecidedtosellthehouse

windowswerealmostallbroken.(6)Thisisthemostinterestingstory

Ihaveeverread.(7)I’mreallyinterestedinall

youhavesaid.(8)Hereisthebookabout

Itoldyouyesterday.(9)WhenpeopletalkaboutthecitiesofChina，thefirst

comesintotheirmindisBeijing.(10)［詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)］Tomhasthegoodqualities

ofkindnessandhonesty，

iswhathisparentsexpect.thatthat/whichwhosewhichthatthatthatthatthatwhichLanguagepoints核心詞匯教材原句p.34Arealfriendissomeonewhosesupportwecancounton.真正的朋友是我們可以依靠的人。1counton

依賴，依靠，指望（=depend/relyon)Youcancountonme.你可以指望我。

Icancount

on

mybestfriendtohelpme.我可以指望我最好的朋友來幫我?！練w納拓展】countup計(jì)算，算出總數(shù) countin把……計(jì)算在內(nèi)，把……作為參加者算進(jìn)去countout不把……考慮或計(jì)算在內(nèi)Willyoupleasecount

upthesefiguresforme?請(qǐng)你替我把這些數(shù)字加起來好嗎？Therewerefifty-twopersonspresent，counting

inthebabies.在場(chǎng)的共有五十二個(gè)人，包括嬰兒在內(nèi)。題組練·領(lǐng)悟方法單句語法填空(1)Thewholeteamcount

CristianoRonaldo，andheseldomletsthemdown.(2)I’mcountingonyou

（be）onmyside!(3)Goandseehowmanydeskswehave，butdon’tcount

thesebrokenones.(4)Count

allourmoneyandseeifwehaveenoughfortheadventure.完成句子(5)Thatwastheonlything

（他們可以指望的）.(6)Don’t

（把他算在內(nèi)）.ontobeinup

（that）theycouldcountoncounthimin教材原句p.34Yetthesedays,themoderntoolsthatkeepusconnectedareeatingawayatthemeaningoffriendship.然而如今，讓我們保持聯(lián)系的現(xiàn)代工具正在侵蝕友誼的意義。eatawayat腐蝕，侵蝕，逐漸破壞eataway連續(xù)不斷地吃eatin在家吃飯；在學(xué)校就餐eatout在外吃飯，下館子eatup吃光；耗費(fèi)；吞沒；使苦惱Ifabadmemoryorfeelingeatsawayatsomeone，itmakesthemfeelmoreandmoreunhappy.如果糟糕的記憶或感覺侵蝕了一個(gè)人，它使他們感到越來越不快樂。Eat

away，children；youarewelcometoallyouwant.吃吧，孩子們；盡情地吃吧。Tomwasreallyhungryandate

upeverythingserved.湯姆確實(shí)餓壞了，把端到桌上的東西吃得精光。單句語法填空(1)Theseahasbeeneatingaway

thiscliff（懸崖）forcenturies.(2)Beagoodboyandeat

yourvegetables.(3)Don’teat

theclassroom.(4)Theyhavebeeneating

formorethanthreehours.(5)［詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)］Ifeellikeeating

today.Whataboutyou?atupinawayout教材原句p.34Tomakefriendsarealpartofourlives，weshouldputdownoursmartphonesandmeettheminperson.為了讓朋友成為我們生活中真實(shí)的一部分，我們應(yīng)該放下智能手機(jī)和他們親自見面。inperson親自，親身（=personally）Hewillattendthemeetinginperson.他將親自參加會(huì)議?！練w納拓展】inthepersonof以……的身份；代表……beone’sownperson做自己喜歡的事；保持自己的喜好Heisinthepersonofhisfatherforthebanquet.他以他父親的名義赴宴。Beingyourownpersonreleasesyourcreativity.保持自己的本色才有助于發(fā)揮自身創(chuàng)造力。單句語法填空(1)Ifyoucan’tbethere

person，thenextbestthingiswatchingitonTV.(2)Themanagersolvedthedifficultproblem

（personal）.(3)Hespokeintheperson

XinhuaNewsAgency（新華社）.完成句子(4)Youhadbetter

（親自向他求助）.inpersonallyofturntohimforhelpinperson重點(diǎn)句式教材原句p.34Tomakefriendsarealpartofourlives，weshouldputdownoursmartphonesandmeettheminperson.為了讓朋友成為我們生活中真實(shí)的一部分，我們應(yīng)該放下智能手機(jī)和他們親自見面。【句式分析】本句使用了Tomakefriendsarealpartofourlives不定式短語作目的狀語。動(dòng)詞不定式不定式作為非謂語動(dòng)詞，在句子中除了不能作謂語外，其