高中英語譯林版選修一：Unit 2 Period 3　Grammar and usage-Verb-ing forms as subjects and objects

Period3Grammarandusage—Verb-ingformsassubjectsandobjects認真閱讀下列句子，感悟加黑部分在句中所作的成分并完成方框下面的小題。1．IlovelearningaboutcountrymusicandIkeepaskingthemquestionsaboutitallthetime!2．Playingtheqinwashislife.3．Heplayedsowellthateveryoneenjoyedlisteningtohismusicandthoughthighlyofhistechniques.4．WhenBoyacontinuedplaying，ZhongZiqisaidhehadheardthesoundofariverflowingquickly.5．HavingsomeonethatreallyunderstoodhismusicpleasedBoya，whonevergottiredofsharinghismusicwithZhongZiqi.1．句1中的learningabout和asking在句中作賓語。2．句2中的playingtheqin在句中作主語。3．句3中的listeningto在句中作賓語。4．句4中的playing在句中作賓語。5．句5中的Havingsomeonethatreallyunderstoodhismusic在句中作主語，sharing在句中作介詞of的賓語。一、動詞-ing形式作主語1．動詞-ing形式作主語時，多表示經(jīng)常性、習慣性的動作，謂語動詞多用單數(shù)形式，其被動形式為beingdone。Readingaloudisagoodwaytolearnalanguage.大聲朗讀是學習語言的一種好方法。Notgivingenoughpraisecanbejustasdamagingasgivingtoomuch.不給予足夠的贊揚和給予太多(贊揚)一樣有害。Beingpraisedbyhisteachersmadehimregainhisconfidence.被老師表揚使他重獲自信。疑難點津(1)意義不同的兩個動詞-ing形式并列作主語時，謂語動詞需用復數(shù)形式。Paintingandcollectingstampsarehishobbies.畫畫和收集郵票是他的愛好。(2)不定式作主語表示具體的或一次性的動作。Singingismyhobby，andtosingatmyfriend’sbirthdaypartyismydream.唱歌是我的愛好，在朋友的生日宴會上唱歌是我的夢想。2．形式主語it代替v.-ing形式作主語。此類句式常見的有：It’sawasteoftimedoingsth.做某事是浪費時間的。It’suseless/worthwhiledoingsth.做某事是沒用/值得的。It’snogood/use/fundoingsth.做某事沒好處/沒用/沒意思。Itisnousewaitingforotherpeopletomakedecisionsforyou.等待別人為你做決定是沒有用的。Itisawasteoftimepersuadingsuchastubbornpersontojoinus.勸說如此固執(zhí)的一個人加入我們是浪費時間。Justasthesayinggoes，itisnousecryingoverspiltmilk.俗話說：覆水難收。3．動詞-ing形式的復合結(jié)構(gòu)作主語時的兩種形式：(1)形容詞性物主代詞＋動詞-ing形式；(2)名詞(有生命的名詞)’s＋動詞-ing形式。Theirfailingintheexaminationmadethemallverydisappointed.考試失敗使他們都很失望。Mary’scominghereintimemadeeveryonepresenthappy.瑪麗的及時到來讓在場的每一個人都很高興。二、動詞-ing形式作賓語1．常接動詞-ing形式作賓語的動詞(短語)appreciate(欣賞)，consider(考慮)，delay(推遲)，avoid(避免)，finish(完成)，imagine(想象)，miss(錯過)，mean(意味著)，resist(抗拒)，risk(冒險)，suggest(建議)，mind(介意)，escape(避開)，admit(承認)，allow(允許)，giveup(放棄)，insiston(堅決要求)，feellike(想要)，beusedto(習慣于)，leadto(導致)，lookforwardto(期待，盼望)等。Hegotwell-preparedfortheinterview，forhecouldn’trisklosingthegoodopportunity.他為這次面試做好了準備，因為他不能冒險失去這一良機。Doyoumindpassingmethatdictionary?你把那本詞典遞給我好嗎？Ihavebeenlookingforwardtohearingfromyou.我一直盼望著收到你的來信。Shecan’tstandbeinglookeddownuponinpublic.(被動形式beingdone也可作賓語)她忍受不了當眾被人看不起。2．作介詞的賓語動詞-ing形式位于介詞之后，構(gòu)成介詞短語，在句中作定語或狀語。Thesemeasureshavecreatedconditionsforraisingtheoutputofsteel.這些措施為提高鋼的產(chǎn)量創(chuàng)造了條件。Oneneverlosesbydoingagoodturn.[諺]行善者絕無一失。Afterlookingathiswatch，hehurriedtothestation.看了看表后，他匆忙趕往車站。Hewouldneverthinkofgivingupthisproject.他決不會考慮放棄這個項目。3．在以下結(jié)構(gòu)中，動詞-ing形式作介詞的賓語，介詞常省略spend...(in)doingsth花費……做某事havedifficulty/trouble(in)doingsth做……有困難/麻煩stop/prevent...(from)doingsth阻止……做某事wastetime(in)doingsth浪費時間做某事bebusy(in)doingsth忙于做某事haveagood/hardtime(in)doingsth高興做某事/費力做某事Thereisnopoint(in)doingsth做某事毫無意義。Heisalwaysbusyworkingeveryday，whichhasmadehimhavelittletimetoplaywithhischild.他每天總是忙于工作，這使他很少有時間和孩子一起玩。Nowthatwehavefinishedourwork，thereisnopointstayinganylonger.既然我們已經(jīng)完成了工作，再待下去就沒有意義了。4．有些動詞(短語)后跟不定式和動詞-ing形式作賓語均可，但含義不同。常見的有：動詞賓語的形式意義forgettodo忘記做……doing忘記做過……remembertodo記著要去做……doing記得做過……regrettodo遺憾/抱歉要做……doing后悔做了……trytodo盡力做……doing嘗試做……meantodo打算做……doing意味著……goontodo接著做(另外一件事)doing接著做(同一件事)stoptodo停下來去做……doing停止做……Pleaseremembertogivemybestregardstoyourfamily.請記著代我向你的家人問好。Istillremembervisitingthemuseumforthefirsttime.我仍記得第一次參觀博物館的情景。5．下列動詞可接動詞-ing形式的主動形式表示被動意義，相當于不定式的被動形式。need/want/require/deservedoing＝need/want/require/deservetobedoneThebikeneedsrepairing/toberepaired.這輛自行車需要修理。6．動詞-ing形式的復合結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語作賓語的動詞-ing形式的復合結(jié)構(gòu)的肯定形式為：eq\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(名詞/名詞的所有格,代詞賓格/形容詞性物主代詞))＋動詞-ing形式Wouldyoumindmy/meclosingthewindow?你介意我關(guān)上窗戶嗎？WouldyoumindMary’s/Maryclosingthewindow?你介意瑪麗關(guān)上窗戶嗎？疑難指津動詞-ing形式的復合結(jié)構(gòu)的否定形式為：形容詞性物主代詞/代詞(賓格)/名詞/名詞的所有格＋notdoing...。閱讀下面短文，用括號中所給動詞的適當形式填空。Inmoderntimes,1.learning(learn)Englishisamustforeveryone.WecanlearnEnglishinmanyways，oneofwhichisthatwecanlearnitby2.enjoying(enjoy)someEnglishfilmsandsongs.Anotherwayisthatwecanpractise3.saying(say)Englishinourdailylives.Wecanspendoneortwohours4.communicating(communicate)withotherseveryday.Thatistosay，aforeignlanguageneeds5.practising/tobepractised(practise)frequentlytobemastered.Ⅰ.用括號內(nèi)動詞的正確形式填空1．Thesymphonycomposedbythefamouscomposerdeserveshearing/tobeheard(hear)．2．Assoonastheyarrivedatthefarm，theygotdowntopicking(pick)peaches.3．WildcampingisillegalinEngland.Toavoidbeingcaught(catch)，theWinnshadtogettheirtentuplateandpackeditawayearlyinthemorning.4．Haveyouforgottenborrowing(borrow)1,000yuanfrommelastmonth?Willyoupleaseremembertobring(bring)ittomorrow?5．Hedidn’tmindher(she)crying，whichmadetheirrelationshipfallapart.6．Beingbrought(bring)upinapoorfamilymadeTomveryhard-workingwhenhewasveryyoung.7．TravellingalongtheoldSilkRoadis(be)aninterestingandrewarding(有益的)experience.8．Hecouldn’thelpweeping(weep)whenenjoyingtheblues.9．Keepinmindthatitisnogoodreciting(recite)withoutunderstanding.10．Youcan’timaginewhatdifficultywehadwalking(walk)homeinthesnowstorm.Ⅱ.完成句子1．Itisawasteoftimequarrelingwithsomeonelikeyou.和你這種人吵架就是浪費時間。2．Myson’slivinguptomyexpectationreallymademeproud.我兒子能達到我的期望真的讓我很自豪。3．Toeveryoneofus，beingadmittedtoPekingUniversityisagreathonor.對我們每個人來說，被北京大學錄取是一個很大的榮譽。4．Thechildren’slovingnaturecaninspiretheirlovefortheirfamilymembers.孩子對大自然的熱愛能激起他們對家庭成員的愛。5．Notknowinghowtoswimcanputyouindangerwhenyousuddenlyfindyourselfinwater.當你突然發(fā)現(xiàn)自己在水里時，不知道如何游泳會使你處于危險之中。Ⅲ.閱讀理解(2023·浙江溫州十校聯(lián)合體高二上期中)Doyoulistentomusicatthegym?Today，mostgym-goersliketowearhead-phonesandlistentoself-selectedmusicwhilethey’redoingexercise.Whydosongsfrompersonalizedplaylistsseemtoincreasemotivationandmakeintenseexercisemoreenjoyablewhensomeoneiswalkingorjogging?Basedonpracticalexperience，arecentstudyprovidesnewevidencethatlisteningtomusicwhilerunningonatreadmill(跑步機)fightswithmentaltirednessandimprovesperformance.Accordingtoanewsrelease，thisstudyis“thefirsttoinvestigatetheeffectoflisteningtomusicplaylistsonlong-distancerunningcapacityandperformancewhenmentallytired”．ThesefindingswerepublishedonlineaheadofprintonJune22.Forthisstudy，researchersfromtheUniversityofEdinburghhadagroupofexperiencedrunnersdoahigh-intensity5-kilometretreadmillrunwithandwithoutself-selectedmotivationalmusicafterthey’dperformedaseriesofcognitive(認知的)examsdesignedtoputtheminamentallytiredstate.Theresearchersfoundthat“l(fā)isteningtoself-selectedmusicinamentallytiredstatereducesthenegativeimpactofmentaltirednessontheirrunningcapacityandperformance，potentiallyduetochangedperceptionofeffortwhenlisteningtomusic”．“Mentaltirednessisacommonoccurrenceformanyofusandcannegativelyimpactmanyofourday-to-dayactivities，includingexercise.Findingsafeandeffectivewaystoreducethisnegativeimpactis，therefore，useful，”ShaunPhillipsofEdinburgh’sMorayHouseSchoolsaidinthenewsrelease.“Thefindingsindicatethatlisteningtopersonalizedmotivationalmusicmaybeausefulstrategytohelpactivepeopleimprovetheirendurancerunningcapacityandperformancewhenmentallytired，”headded.“Thispositiveimpactofself-selectedmusiccouldhelppeopletobetterkeepthequalityandbeneficialimpactoftheirexercisesessions.”語篇解讀這是一篇說明文。本文主要介紹了在跑步時聽具有個性化的音樂可以幫助人們對抗精神疲勞，提高表現(xiàn)。1．What’sthefunctionofthequestionsinparagraph1?A．Tomakeacomparison.B．Toleadinthetopic.C．Tomakeaprediction.D．Toaskforinformation.答案B解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段的“Basedonpracticalexperience，arecentstudyprovidesnewevidencethatlisteningtomusicwhilerunningonatreadmill(跑步機)fightswithmentaltirednessandimprovesperformance.”可推知，第一段提出的問題是為了引入本文所要討論的話題——跑步時聽音樂可以對抗精神疲勞，提高表現(xiàn)。故選B。2．Whatwastakenintoconsiderationintheexperimentdesign?A．Runners’cognitivelevels.B．Runners’mentalstates.C．Runners’runningability.D．Runners’musicpreference.答案B解析細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Forthisstudy，researchers...inamentallytiredstate.”可知，實驗是在跑步者精神狀態(tài)疲憊的情況下進行的。由此可知，設計實驗時考慮了跑步者的精神狀態(tài)。故選B。3．WhydoestheauthorquoteShaunPhillips’wordsinthelasttwoparagraphs?A．Todescribetheexperimentalprocess.B．Toexplorewaystoenhancesportsperformance.C．Tofurtherclarifytheresultofthefinding.D．Toexplaintheharmfuleffectsofmentaltiredness.答案C解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段的“Theresearchersfoundthat‘listeningtoself-selectedmusic...whenlisteningtomusic’．”可推知，最后兩段引用ShaunPhillips說的話是為了進一步闡明研究結(jié)果。故選C。4．Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A．Personalizedmusicmakesrunnerslesstired.B．Motivationalmusiccheersrunnersup.C．Self-selectedmusicmaintainslifequality.D．Self-selectedmusictreatsmentalillnesses.答案A解析主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章的主要內(nèi)容，尤其是最后一段可知，本文主要介紹了在跑步時聽具有個性化的音樂可以幫助人們對抗精神疲勞，提高表現(xiàn)，即個性化音樂讓跑步者不那么疲憊。故選A。Ⅳ.完形填空Itwasinspring,1968.Iwasstandingbesidearoadhopingsomeonecouldgivemea1.Iwasheadingbacktocampusthatwasmilesawayandwasconsidering2.Manydriverssloweddownandthen3afterhavingalookatme.Ididn’t4them.Whywouldtheypickupabearded，long-hairedstranger？Mylifewasvery5.Ifeltatalossincollege.Iconsideredpackingupmybelongingswhenreturningtomy6.Twohourspassed.Finallyacar7.Itoldthedrivermydestination.“ThecollegeinOneonta？That’s8.Getin，”hesaid.“I’mAaron.Thisismywife，Sylvia.”“I’mDave，ajunior，”Isaid.AaronaskedwhatIwas9incollege.“History，”Isaid.“Secondaryeducation.”“Soyou’llbeateacher，”hesaid.Inodded.“10！”hesaidexcitedly.Iwassurprisedbyhisreaction.SylviaexplainedAaron’sdreamwastobeateacher.11，hecouldn’taffordcollegeschooling.Sohereally12me.Aaronaskedaboutmycollegelife.Ipaintedapositivepictureofmy13.Forthefirsttime，Isawmyfutureinfrontofme—tobeagoodteacher.Igotaclear14.Thankstothecouple，Igaveuptheideaofdiscontinuingmystudiesandfinally15asuccessfulteachingcareer.語篇解讀這是一篇記敘文。文章講述了作者的大學生活很糟糕，想輟學，結(jié)果讓他搭便車的一對夫婦很羨慕他將來能當老師，他感覺自己的前途有了目標，放棄了輟學的念頭，最終開始了一段成功的教學生涯。1．A.direction B．chanceC．lift D．job答案C解析direction方向；chance機會；lift電梯，搭便車；job工作。根據(jù)第二段中“Manydriverssloweddownandthenafterhavingalookatme.”以及第三段中“Whywouldtheypickupabearded，long-hairedstranger？”可知，作者想搭便車。故選C項。2．A.walkingforward B．droppingoutC．movingback D．checkingin答案B解析walkforward向前走；dropout退學；moveback后退；checkin報到。根據(jù)文章最后一句中“Thankstothecouple，Igaveuptheideaofdiscontinuingmystudies”可知，作者想退學。故選B項。3．A.left B．stoppedC．laughed D．escaped答案A解析leave離開；stop停止；laugh大笑；escape逃脫。根據(jù)后文“Whywouldtheypickupabearded，long-hairedstranger？”可知，很多司機看了作者一眼就離開了。故選A項。4．A.trust B．forgetC．know D．blame答案D解析trust信任；forget忘記；know知道；blame責怪。根據(jù)前文“Whywouldtheypickupabearded，long-hairedstranger？”可知，作者理解這些司機，所以不去責怪他們。故選D項。5．A.messy B．simpleC．ordinary D．healthy答案A解析messy凌亂的，混亂的；simple簡單的；ordinary普通的；healthy健康的。根據(jù)后文“Ifeltatalossincollege.”可知，作者在大學里不知所措，所以生活應該是很混亂的。故選A項。6．A.home B．campC．dorm D．office答案C解析home家；camp營地；dorm宿舍；office辦公室。由上文語境可知，作者想要退學，所以考慮回學校宿舍收拾行李。故選C項。7．A.pulledover B．wentbackC．passedby D．brokedown答案A解析pullover靠邊停車；goback回去；passby路過；breakdown發(fā)生故障。根據(jù)后文“Itoldthedrivermydestination.”可知，這輛汽車靠邊停車了。故選A項。8．A.unheard B．multipleC．uncompleted D．distant答案D解析unheard前所未聞的；multiple數(shù)量多的；uncompleted未完成的；distant遙遠的，遠處的。根據(jù)前文“Itoldthedrivermydestination.”和司機說的“ThecollegeinOneonta？...Getin”可知，此處指的是距離“遠的”。故選D項。9．A.teaching B．majoringinC．challenging D．worryingabout答案B解析teach教學；majorin主修；challenge挑戰(zhàn)；worryabout擔心。根據(jù)后文作者的回答“History”可知，他問作者在大學主修什么專業(yè)。故選B項。10．A.Surprising B．FantasticC．Boring D．Terrible答案B解析surprising令人吃驚的；fantastic棒極了；boring無聊的；terrible糟糕的。根據(jù)后文“hesaidexcitedly”以及“SylviaexplainedAaron’sdreamwastobeateacher.”可知，司機在贊美作者未來的教師職業(yè)。故選B項。11．A.Instead B．OtherwiseC．However D．Therefore答案C解析instead代替，反而；otherwise否則；however然而；therefore因此。前文“SylviaexplainedAaron’sdreamwastobeateacher.”和后文“hecouldn’taffordcollegeschooling”是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，所以用However。故選C項。12．A.hated B．supportedC．pitied D．a(chǎn)dmired答案D解析hate憎恨；support支持；pity可憐；admire羨慕，欽佩。由上文語境可知，因為作者以后能當老師，Aaron很羨慕作者。故選D項。13．A.sufferings B．careerC．experiences D．future答案C解析suffering痛苦；career職業(yè)；experience經(jīng)歷；future未來。根據(jù)前文“Aaronaskedaboutmycollegelife.”可知，Aaron問作者關(guān)于他的大學生活，所以此處指作者描繪自己的生活經(jīng)歷。故選C項。14．A.goal B．a(chǎn)chievementC．reality D．suggestion答案A解析goal目標；achievement成就；reality現(xiàn)實；suggestion建議。根據(jù)前文“Forthefirsttime，Isawmyfutureinfrontofme—tobeagoodteacher.”可知，作者未來要做個好老師，所以有了明確的目標。故選A項。15．A.missed B．startedC．offered D．ruined答案B解析miss思念，錯過；start開始；offer提供；ruin毀滅。根據(jù)前文“IgaveuptheideaofdⅤ.語法填空Earthquake-proof(抗震的)BuildingsThereareanumberofways1.buildingscanbemadestrongenoughtostanduptoearthquakes.Thesimplestwayistomakethemmuch2.(strong)．A