2020年高考英語二輪復習-專題4-任務型閱讀一

2021年高考英語二輪復習專題4任務型閱讀〔一〕一、任務型閱讀1.〔2021·浙江〕根據短文內容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最正確選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Rockmusicconsistsofmanydifferentstyles.Eventhoughthereisacommonspiritamongallmusicgroups,theymakeverydifferentmusic.________AtthattimetheBeatlesenteredtheworldofmusicfromLiverpool.AftertheyweregivenaninvitationtoappearliveonBBC,theBeatlesquicklybecamefamousinBritainwithnationwidetours.Bymid-1963,theBeatleshadbeenextremelypopularinEngland.________Theyheldlargeconcertsandperformedatclubs.TheybecamethehottestthingonthepopmusicsceneinEngland.Theybeganasamodestlysuccessfulmusiciangroupandendedtheyearasshowbusinesslegends〔傳說〕.JohnLennonandPaulMcCartneywerenamedcomposersoftheyear.

________TheywerenotsurehowtheAmericanswouldreacttothenewtypeofmusic.BeatlemaniahitNewYorkonFebruary7,1964.Hundredsoffansjammedtheairporttogreetthem.________

Theconcertwasbroadcastliveandattractedthelargestonenightaudienceinthehistoryoftelevisionuptothattime.TheBeatlesweredescribedasaBritishinvasion〔入侵〕bylocalandnationwidenewspapersatthattime.TheirvictoryinAmericawasstillrememberedasamajorturningpointinthehistoryofrockandroll.ThankstotheBeatles,alotofopportunitieswereopeneduptonewfacesonthemarket.________A.TheydecidedonatourtotheUnitedStatesin1964.B.Eventheirhairstylesbecamemajortrendsatthattime.C.Rockmusicdevelopedinthe1950sandtheearly1960s.D.However,theirsongschangedthelivesofgenerationstocome.E.ManyrockbandswereabletofollowinthefootstepsoftheBeatles.F.TheyappearedinthefilmsAHardDay'sNight〔1964〕andHelp！〔1965〕.G.TheyperformedtheirfirstconcertinAmericaatCBStelevision's53rdstreetstudio.【答案】C；B；A；G；E【考點】七選五【解析】【分析】這是一篇記敘文，介紹披頭士搖滾樂隊的崛起和對音樂的引領?！?〕段中句。根據后一句的atthattime可知此處涉及時間，theBeatlesenteredtheworldofmusic

與developed對應，故答案為C?！?〕段中句。有前后句中的they可將答案范圍縮小，根據前一句中的extremelypopular與選項B中的Eventheirhairstylesbecamemajortrends照應，故答案為B?！?〕段首句。后一句中“他們不確定howtheAmericanswouldreacttothenewtypeofmusic〞

是他們去美國前的態(tài)度，與選項A中的decidedonatourtotheUnitedStates

有緊密聯系。故答案為A?！?〕段中句。本段描述披頭士樂隊在美國的受歡送程度。前一句fansjammedtheairporttogreetthem描寫粉絲們的熱情，后一句中的Theconcertwasbroadcastliveandattractedthelargestonenightaudience說明他們在開演唱會，同時選項G中的performedtheirfirstconcertinAmerica，與前文提到的他們第一次到美國照應，故答案為G?！?〕段尾句。根據前一句ThankstotheBeatles,alotofopportunitieswereopeneduptonewfacesonthemarket.

感謝披頭士，市場中很多時機向新面孔翻開。可知此處應舉例，選項E中的Manyrockbandswereabletofollowinthefootstep就是因為披頭士樂隊的影響的表現。故答案為E?！军c評】此題重在考查上下文之間的邏輯關系，答題時首先瀏覽文章主旨，并理解各個選項所表達的含義。然后再讀短文，選出最能使上下文語義通順的選項，注意段落大意，空格前后的關鍵詞等信息，完成后要通讀一篇，看語義是否通順，是否符合邏輯，必要的話做適當修改。2.〔2021·北京〕根據短文內容，從短文后的七個選項中選出能填入空白處的最正確選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。A.It'snotasimplemattertodeterminethenatureoftalent.B.SportsteamownersspendmillionsofdollarsattractingtoptalentC.Thegroupinteractionanditseffectdrewtheresearchers'attention.D.Starsapparentlydonotfollowthisbasicprincipleofsportsmanship.E.Severalrecentstudiesexaminedtheroleoftalentinthesportsworld.F.Buildingupadreamteamismorecomplexthansimplyhiringthebesttalent.G.Thistaskinterdependencedistinguishesbaseballfromfootballandbasketball.

Muchoftheworkintoday'sworldisaccomplished(完成)inteams.Mostpeoplebelievethebestwaytobuildagreatteamistogatheragroupofthemosttalentedindividuals.________Companiesspendmillionshiringtopbusinesspeople.Istheirmoneywellspent?

________Theyfocusedonfootball,basketballandbaseball.Theresultsaremixed.Forfootballandbasketball,addingtalentedplayerstoateamprovesagoodmethod,butonlyuptothepointwhere70%oftheplayersaretoptalent;abovethatlevel,theteam'sperformancebeginstodecline.Interestingly,thistrendisn'tevidentinbaseball,whereadditionalindividualtalentkeepsimprovingtheteam'sperformance.

Toexplainthisphenomenon,theresearchersexploredthedegreetowhichagoodperformancebyateamrequiresitsmemberstocoordinate(協(xié)調)theiractions.________Inbaseball,theperformanceofindividualplayersislessdependentonteammates.Theyconcludethatwhentaskinterdependenceishigh,teamperformancewillsufferwhenthereistoomuchtalent,whileindividualtalentwillhavepositiveeffectsonteamperformancewhentaskinterdependenceislower.Ifabasketballstaris,forexample,tryingtogainahighpersonalpointtotal,hemaytakeashothimselfwhenitwouldbebettertopasstheballtoateammate,affectingtheteam'sperformance.Youngchildrenlearningtoplayteamsportsareoftentold,"ThereisnoIinTEAM."________

Anotherpossibilityisthatwhenthereisalotoftalentonateam,someplayersmaymakelesseffort.Justasinagameoftug-of-war(拔河比賽),wheneverapersonisadded,everyoneelsepullstheropewithlessforce.

________.AnA-teammayrequireabalance-notjustaplayers,butafewgenerousBplayersaswell.【答案】B；E；G；D；F【考點】七選五【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了建立一支最正確陣容球隊比簡單地雇傭最優(yōu)秀的人才要復雜得多。一支一流球隊可能需要一種平衡——不僅僅是最好球員，也需要一些有雅量的普通球員?！?〕考查對上下文的理解和推理判斷能力。根據空前“

Mostpeoplebelievethebestwaytobuildagreatteamistogatheragroupofthemosttalentedindividuals.

〞大多數人相信建立一個偉大團隊的最好方法就是聚集一群最有天賦的個人；根據空后“Companiesspendmillionshiringtopbusinesspeople.

〞公司花費數百萬雇傭頂級商業(yè)人士。該空承上啟下，也是在舉例，B.Sportsteamownersspendmillionsofdollarsattractingtoptalent“運動隊老板花費數百萬美元吸引頂尖人才。〞切題，應選B?！?〕考查對上下文的理解和推理判斷能力。根據空后“Theyfocusedonfootball,basketballandbaseball.Theresultsaremixed.〞他們專注于足球、籃球和籃球。結果有好有壞。這些都屬于體育方面，該空引出下文，E.Severalrecentstudiesexaminedtheroleoftalentinthesportsworld.“最近的幾項研究調查了體育世界中人才的作用。〞切題，應選E?！?〕考查對上下文的理解和推理判斷能力。根據空前“

Toexplainthisphenomenon,theresearchersexploredthedegreetowhichagoodperformancebyateamrequiresitsmemberstocoordinate(協(xié)調)theiractions.

〞為了解釋這一現象，研究人員探索了一場好的表現要求隊員們協(xié)調他們行動的程度，下文說明了研究結果，該空承上啟下，G.Thistaskinterdependencedistinguishesbaseballfromfootballandbasketball.“這項任務的相互依賴性使棒球區(qū)別于足球和籃球。〞切題，應選G。〔4〕考查對上下文的理解和推理判斷能力。根據空前“hemaytakeashothimselfwhenitwouldbebettertopasstheballtoateammate,affectingtheteam'sperformance.

〞一個球星為了個人得分，而影響團隊的表現〞，該空承接上文，D.Starsapparentlydonotfollowthisbasicprincipleofsportsmanship.“球星顯然沒有遵守運發(fā)動精神的根本原那么〞切題，應選D。〔5〕考查對上下文的理解和推理判斷能力。根據空后“AnA-teammayrequireabalance-notjustaplayers,butafewgenerousBplayersaswell.〞一支一流球隊可能需要一種平衡——不僅僅是最好球員，也需要一些有雅量的普通球員。該空引出下文，F.Buildingupadreamteamismorecomplexthansimplyhiringthebesttalent.“建立一支最正確陣容球隊比簡單地雇傭最優(yōu)秀的人才要復雜得多。〞切題，應選F?！军c評】此題要求在理解細節(jié)信息的根底上，著重考查對上下文的理解和推理判斷能力。3.〔2021·江蘇〕請認真閱讀下面短文，并根據所讀內容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一個最恰當的單詞。TheCostofThinking

Despitetheirmanydifferences,allhumanbeingsshareseveraldefiningcharacteristics,suchaslargebrainsandtheabilitytowalkuprightontwolegs.

Thefirstuniquehumancharacteristicisthathumanshaveextraordinarilylargebrainscomparedwithotheranimals.Itseemsobviousthatevolutionshouldselectforlargerbrains.Mammals(哺乳動物)weighingsixtykilogramshaveanaveragebrainsizeof200cm2.Modernmanhasabrainaveraging1200-1400cm2.Wearesofondofourhighintelligencethatweassumethatwhenitcomestobrainpower,moremustbebetter.Unfortunately,thatisnotthecase.

Thefactisthatahugebrainisahugedrain—consumptionofenergy—onthebody.I'snoteasytocarryaround,especiallywhenboxedinsideamassiveskull(傾骨).It'sevenhardertoprovidesenergy.Inmodernman,thebrainaccountsforabout2-3%oftotalbodyweightbutitconsumes25%ofthebody'senergywhenthebodyisatrest.Bycomparison,thebrainsofapes(類人猿)requireonly8%ofrest-timeenergy.Earlyhumanspadfortheirlargebrainsintwoways.Firstly,theyspentmoretimeinsearchfood.Secondly,theirmusclesgrewsmallerandweaker.It'shardlyanobviousconclusionthatthisisagoodwaytosurvive.Achimpanzee(黑猩猩)can'twinanargumentwithamodernman,butitcantearthemanapartlikearagdoll.

Anotheruniquehumancharacteristicisthatwewalkupright.Standingup,it'seasiertofindfoodorenemies.Inaddition,theirarmsthatareunnecessaryformovingaroundarefreedforotherpurposes,likethrowingstonesorsignaling.Asaresult,humanscanperformverycomplextaskswiththeirhands.

Yetwalkinguprighthasitsdisadvantage.Thebonestructureofourancestorsdevelopedformillionsofyearstosupportacreaturethatwalkedonallfoursandhasarelativelysmallhead.Adjustingtoanuprightpositionwasquiteachallenge,especiallywhentheboneshadtosupportanextra-largeskull.Humankindpaidforitsbroadvisionandskillfulhandsbackachesandpainfulnecks.

Weassumethatalargebrainmakeshugeadvantages.Itseemsobviousthatthesehavemadehumankindthemostpowerfulanimalonearth.Buthumansenjoyedalloftheseadvantagesforafull2millionyearsduringwhichtheyremainedweakandmarginalcreature.Thushumanswholivedamillionyearsago,despitetheirbigbrainsandsharpstonetools,livedinconstantfearofmeat-eatinganimals.TheCostofThinkingIntroduction?Largebrainsfortheirbodiesandtheabilitytowalkuprightaretwo________ofhumanbeings.The________oflargehumanbrains?Thelargerbrainsmaynotbebetterbecauseofthecost.?Thebigbrainsmakeitharderforthebodytomovearoundandconsumemoreenergy.?Theanimalbrainrequiresless________whenthebodyisatrest.?Largehumanbrainsconsumemorefood,andweakenmuscles.The________ofwalkingupright?Walkinguprightmakesiteasytofindfoodor________againstenemies.?Freedhandscanservesome________purposeandperformcomplextasks.?Walkinguprightchallengesthehumanbonestructure,and________thesizeofbrains.?Walkinguprightresultsin________sufferings.Conclusion?Withalargebrain,humanbeings________otherbeingsintermsofintelligence.?Weakandmarginal,humanbeingsremained________ofmeat-eatinganimals.【答案】characteristics；disadvantages；energy；impact(s)；guard；other；limits；physical；beat；fearful/afraid【考點】任務型閱讀【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了人用大腦思考的代價。人類與動物相比有兩大特點：大大的大腦和直立行走。超大的大腦使人類擁有更高的智商，但卻消耗巨大的能量。直立行走讓人類擅長尋找食物和抵御敵人，解放了的雙手來更復雜的事。但卻讓人類遭受腰痛和頸部疼痛等。人類成為地球上最強大的動物，享受無與倫比的優(yōu)勢，卻對食肉動物懷有恐懼?！?〕信息歸納題。根據第一段“allhumanbeingssharedefiningcharacteristics,suchaslargebrainsandtheabilitytowalkuprightontwolegs.〞可知，大腦袋和雙腿直立行走的能力是人類共有的特點(characteristics)。故填characteristics?！?〕信息歸納題。此題就是對第三段內容的總結。第三段主要表達了人類的大腦大的缺點。因此本空格填寫disadvantages。〔3〕信息來源題。根據第三段中的“ahugebrainisahugedrain--consumptionofenergy〞以及“It(thebrain)consumes25%ofthebody'senergywhenthebodyisatrest.Bycomparisonthebrainsofapesrequireonly8%ofrest-timeenergy〞可知，人類巨大的大腦是一個巨大的能量消耗。當身體處于休息時，大腦要消耗25%的身體能量。相比之下，類人猿的大腦只需要8%的休息時間能量。人類與動物相比，動物需要的能量〔energy〕要比人類少。故填energy?！?〕信息歸納題。分析空后的75--78小題所在的第五段和第六段的內容可知，此局部主要表達了直立行走對人類的影響。故填impact(s)。〔5〕信息轉換題。根據第五段的第一句“Anotheruniquehumancharacteristicisthatwewalkupright.Standingup,it'seasiertofindfoodorenemies.〞可知，另一個獨特的人類特征是我們直立行走。站起來，更容易找到食物或敵人。找到敵人，就是為了防御敵人。因為or為連詞，在此句中連結兩個動詞短語，故空格填動詞?！癵uardagainst...〞為固定搭配，意為“防御〞，故填guard?！?〕信息來源題。根據第五段中的〞...theirarmsthatareunnecessaryformoving

aroundarefreedforotherpurposes,likethrowingstonesorsignaling.Asaresult,humanscanperformverycomplextaskswiththeirhands.〞可知，解放了的雙手可以用于做其它的事，即有其它的目的。故填other。〔7〕信息歸納題。根據第五段“walkinguprighthasdisadvantages.Thebonestructureofourancestorsdevelopedformillionsofyearstosupportacreaturethatwalkedonfourandarelativesmallhead.Adjustingtoanuprightpositionwasquiteachallenge,especiallywhentheboneshadtosupportanextra-largeskull.〞可知，直立行走也有缺點。我們祖先進化了上百億年，骨骼也只能支撐四肢行走和有一個相對較小的頭。直立行走對人類的骨架是一個相當大的挑戰(zhàn)，限制了人的頭腦的大小。故本空填limits?！?〕信息轉換題。根據第六段“...,Humankindpaidforitsvisionandskillfulhandswithbackachesandpainfulnecks.〞可知，直立對人類的骨架是一個相當大的挑戰(zhàn)，人類為自己的視力和靈巧的雙手付出了代價，換來的是腰酸背痛和脖子疼痛。由此得出，直立導致身體方面的(physical)痛苦，故填physical?！?〕信息歸納題。根據最后一段“Weassumethatalargebrainmakeshugeadvantages.Itseemsobviousthatthesehavemadehumankindthemostpowerfulanimal

onearth.〞可知，我們假設大腦越大，優(yōu)勢越大。很明顯，這些使得人類成為地球上最強大的動物。由此可推斷出我們的大腦比動物大，在智力方面人類比動物更聰明，即在智力方面擊敗了(beat)其他動物。故填beat?！?0〕信息歸納題。根據最后一段“...humansenjoyedalloftheseadvantagesforafull2millionyearsduringwhichtheyweakandmarginalcreatures.Thushumanswholivedamillionyearsago,despitetheirbigbrainsandsharpstonetools,livedinconstantfearofmeat--eatinganimals.〞可知，盡管人類享受著所有這些優(yōu)勢，但也是弱小的生物。因此盡管擁有巨大的大腦和鋒利的石器，但也曾經對食肉動物仍舊害怕/恐懼。因為空前是系動詞，故本空要填形容詞(afraid/fearful)可知，此處要填名詞，故填fearful/afraid?！军c評】此題考點涉及信息歸納，信息轉換題型的考查，是一篇科研類閱讀，要求考生準確掌握所給材料，根據上下文的邏輯關系，結合相關的語法知識和詞匯知識，做出正確答案。4.〔2021·天津〕閱讀短文，按照題目要求用英語答復下列問題。HazeMabry,whohasworkedasaschoolkeeperforthirteenyears,walksintotheschoolbuildingeverydayandemptiesgarbagecans,wipesdownbathroomsandmopswetmessesinthehallways.

LastFriday,afterhearrivedattheschool,insteadoffindinggarbagetocleanup,hefoundalmost800studentsliningthehallwayswithhandmadecards,blowingnoisemakersandsingingafull-throatedhappybirthdaytohim.Itwashis80th.Ashewalkedthelonghallway,somepoppedoutoflimetohughim.Theyhandedhimsomanycardsthattheyfilledseverallargeboxes.Touchedbytheirenthusiasticexpressionofaffection.Mabrythankedthemall."They'relikemychildren,"Mabrysaid.

Onaregularday,studentsattheschoolsometimescomeuptohimtosaythey'renotfeelingwellorothertimestotellhimaboutsomethingthathappenedatbreak.Heknowsmostofthekidsattheschool,butcan'tnameeachone.Someofthemmakehimknowthem.LikeFaith,whooftenforgetsherbackpackinthecafeteria,andLucy,whojustwantsahug.

"Hewon'tbrag〔夸耀〕onhimself,butitdoesn'tmatterwhathe'sdoingorwhereheis,hewillalwaysstopwhathe'sdoingtotakecareofachildifthatchildishavingabadday.Ifachildapproacheshim,hewillpausetogivethatchildhisundividedattention.He'sthemostlovedoneinthisbuilding,"saidLoriGilreath,areadingteacher.

Mabryworkscirclesaroundallthestudents,cleaningupmessesothersdon'twanttotouch.Hedoesn'texpectalot.Mabrysaidhehadn'tplannedtodomuchforhismilestonebirthday,sohewashappythestudentshadpreparedthesurprisecelebration.

Overtheweekend,heworkedthroughthepilesofhandmadecardsathishouse.Onecardfromastudentstoodouttohim.Itread:"Mr.Haze,youaremysunshine.〞〔1〕WhatisMabry'sdailyworkasaschoolkeeper？〔nomorethan5words〕〔2〕HowdidthestudentscelebrateMabry'sbirthday？〔nomorethan15words〕〔3〕WhatdoestheunderlinedwordinParagraph2probablymean？〔1word〕〔4〕WhyisMabry'spresenceattheschoolimportant？〔nomorethan10words〕〔5〕Whoisthe"sunshine"inyourlife？Pleaseexplain.〔nomorethan20words〕【答案】〔1〕Cleaningthe〔school〕building.Or:Doing〔the〕cleaning.Or:Hecleansthe〔school〕building.Or:Hedoes〔the〕cleaning.〔2〕Byliningthehallways，blowingnoisemakers，singingasong，handinghimcards，andhugginghim.Or:Byliningthehallwayswith〔handmade〕cards，blowingnoisemakers，singingasong，andhugginghim.Or:Theylinedthehallways，blewnoisemakers，sangasong，handedhimcards，andhuggedhim.Or:Theylinedthehallwayswith〔handmade〕cards，blewnoisemakers，sangasong，andhuggedhim.〔3〕Love.Or:Liking.Or:Fondness.〔4〕〔Because〕heloves/caresabout〔the〕studentsandworkshard.Or:〔Because〕heloves〔the〕studentsandisdevotedtohiswork.Or:〔Because〕heiskind/caring/helpfultothestudents，andhard-working.Or:〔Because〕heisregardedasakind/warm-hearted/helpful/caringandhard-workingman.〔5〕Myfather/mother.〔Because〕he/shelovesmeandencouragesmewhenI'mfaced/confrontedwithdifficulties.Or:Myteacher.〔Because〕he/shecaresaboutmeandpreparesmeformyfuturecareer.Or:Myfriend.〔Because〕he/shebringsmejoy/happinessandgivesmealotofcomfort/help/encouragement.【考點】閱讀表達，任務型閱讀【解析】【分析】本文是一篇記敘文，清潔工Mabry的日常工作就是清掃學校大樓。Mabry愛學生，關心學生。學生們也尊敬他，喜歡他。在他80生日那天，學生們用自己的方式祝賀他的生日，表達了對Mabry的熱愛?！?〕考查細節(jié)理解。根據第一段中的“HazeMabry,whohasworksasaschoolkeeperforthirteenyears,walksintotheschoolbuildingeverydayandemptygarbagecans,wipesdownbathrooms,andmopswetmessesinthehallways.〞可知HazeMabry是一位清潔工，他的日常工作就是清掃學校大樓。因此本句的答案可為：Cleaningthe(school)building./Doing〔the〕cleaning./Hecleansthe(school)building./Hedoes(the)cleaning.〔2〕考查細節(jié)理解。根據第二段中的“LastFriday,...hefoundalmost800studentsliningthehallwayswithhandmadecards,blowingnoisemakersandsingingafull-throatedhappybirthdaytohim.和somepoppedoutoflinetohughim.〞可知，上個周五，他發(fā)現幾乎有800名學生在走廊里排隊，拿著手制卡片，吹口哨，為他唱了一首響亮的生日快樂歌，擁抱他。因此答案為：Byliningthehallways,blowingnoisemakers,singingasong,handinghimcards,andhugginghim./Byliningthehallwayswith(handmade)cards,blowingnoisemakers,singingasong,andhugginghim.

/Theylinedthehallways,blewnoisemakers,sangasong,handedhimcards,andhuggedhim.

/Theylinedthehallwayswith(handmade)card,blewnoisemakers,sangasong,handedhimcards,andhuggedhim.〔3〕考查詞義猜想。根據第二段學生們?yōu)镸abry慶祝生日的方式和劃線詞后的內容“Mabrythankedthemall,〞以及“They'relikemychildren.〞可知Mabry愛學生，把學生當作自己的孩子。那么學生們也表達了他們對Mabry的熱愛。因此Mabry被學生的愛所感動，故所以的“affection〞相當于“Love〞，故填love/Liking

/Fondness.〔4〕考查細節(jié)理解。根據倒數第二段中的“...hewillalwaysstopwhathe'sdoingtotakecareofachildifthatchildishavingabadday.Ifachildapproacheshim,hewillpausetogivethatboyhisundividedattention.He'sthemostlovedoneinthisbuilding.〞以及最后一段中的“Mabryworkscirclesaroundallthestudents,cleaningupmessesothersdon'twanttotouch.Hedoesn'texpectalot.〞可知，Mabry關心保護孩子，幫助孩子，是一個善良、熱心的人。一個不怕臟不怕累、勤奮工作的人。因此答案為：(Because)heloves/caresabout〔the〕studentsandworkshard.

/(Because)helovesthestudentsanddevotedtohiswork.

/(Because)heiskind/caring/helpingtothestudents,andhard-working.

/(Because)heisregardedasakind/warm-hearted/helpful/caringandhard-workingman.〔5〕考查學生的觀察綜合表達能力。此題的題目：whoisthe"sunshine"inyourlife?〞誰是你生活中的陽光？只要在生活或學習中幫助過你，關心你、保護你的，鼓勵你，撫慰你的都可稱為yoursunshine。因此答案可為：Myfather/mother.(Because)he/shelovesmeandencouragedmewhenI'mfaced/confrontedwithdifficulties.

Or:Myteacher.(Because)he/shecaresaboutmeandpreparesmeformyfuturecareer.

Or:Myfriend.(Because)he/shebringsmejoy/happinessandgivesmealotofcomfort/help/encouragement.【點評】此題考點涉及細節(jié)理解，詞義猜想以及綜合表達能力等題型的考查，是一篇故事類閱讀，考生需要準確掌握所給材料，進一步根據上下文的邏輯關系，進行分析推理，從而做出正確答案。5.〔2021·全國卷Ⅲ〕根據短文內容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最正確選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Inanonlineclass,developinghealthypatternsofcommunicationwithprofessorsisveryimportant.________

WhileIhaveonlylistedtwoofeach,thereareobviouslymanyothersituationsthatcanarise.Studentsshouldbeabletoextendthelogic〔邏輯〕ofeachtotheirparticularcircumstance.

Do's

________

Questionsaboutsubjectcontentaregenerallywelcomed.Beforeaskingquestionsaboutthecoursedesign,readthesyllabus〔教學大綱〕andlearningmanagementsysteminformationtobesuretheanswerisn'thidinginplainsight.

Participateindiscussionforums〔論壇〕,blogsandotheropen-endedforumsfordialogue.________

Besuretostayontopicandnotofferirrelevantinformation.Makeapoint,andmakeitsafeforotherstodothesame.

Don'ts

Don'tsharepersonalinformationorstories.Professorsarenottrainednurses,financialaidexpertsoryourbestfriends.Ifyouareinneedofadeadlineextension,simplyexplainthesituationtotheprofessor.________

Don'topenlyexpressannoyanceataprofessororclass.________

Whenastudentattacksaprofessoronthesocialmedia,thelanguageusedactuallysaysmoreaboutthestudent.Ifthereistrulyaconcernaboutaprofessor'sprofessionalismorability,besuretouseonlinecourseevaluationstocalmlyofferyourcomments.A.That'swhattheyarefor.B.Turntoanonlineinstructorforhelp.C.Ifmoreinformationisneeded,theywillask.D.Rememberthatonlineprofessorsgetalotofemails.E.Belowaresomecommondo'sanddon'tforonlinelearners.F.Everyonehastakenanot-so-greatclassatonetimeoranother.G.Askquestions,butmakesuretheyaregood,thoughtfulquestions.【答案】E；G；A；C；F【考點】七選五【解析】【分析】本文為說明文。在網絡課堂上，與教授建立健康的交流模式是非常重要的，作者在文中列舉了一些規(guī)矩與禁忌?！?〕段中句。根據文章段落結構和本段首句Inanonlineclass,developinghealthypatternsofcommunicationwithprofessorsisveryimportant.可知，在網絡課堂上，與教授建立健康交流模式是非常重要的，根據下文中的do's和don'ts可知此處此處為文章的主題句，故答案為E?！?〕段首句。根據其后一句Questions

about

subject

content

are

generally

welcomed.〔與課程內容相關的問題是受歡送的〕，解釋了什么樣的問題是好問題，可知，與G項makesuretheyaregood,thoughtfulquestions相照應，要提一些好的令人深思的問題，故答案為G。〔3〕段中句。根據前一句Participateindiscussionforums〔論壇〕,blogsandotheropen-endedforumsfordialogue可知，要參與論壇討論、博客和其他開放式的對話論壇。而這正是網絡課堂采用的交流的途徑，故答案為A?！?〕段尾句。根據本段Professorsarenottrainednurses,financialaidexpertsoryourbestfriends教授不是訓練有素的護士，不是經濟援助專家，也不是你最好的朋友，可知，不要分享個人信息或故事，如果他們需要更多信息的話，他們會主動問起的，故答案為C?！?〕段中句。通讀本段，并根據本段主題句

Don'topenlyexpressannoyanceataprofessororclass告誡讀者，每個人都可能曾經上過不太好的課，不要在社交媒體上攻擊教授，不要公開表達對教授或班級的不滿，要利用課程評價冷靜地提出你的意見。選答案為F。【點評】此題重在考查上下文之間的邏輯關系，答題時首先瀏覽文章主旨，并理解各個選項所表達的含義。然后再讀短文，選出最能使上下文語義通順的選項，注意段落大意，空格前后的關鍵詞等信息，完成后要通讀一篇，看語義是否通順，是否符合邏輯，必要的話做適當修改。6.〔2021·新課標Ⅱ卷〕根據短文內容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最正確選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Imagineachildstandingonadivingboardfourfeethighandaskinghimselfthequestion:“ShouldIjump?Thisiswhatmotivationorthelackofitcando.Motivationandgoalsettingarethetwosidesofsamecoin.________Likethechildon

the

diving

board,youwillstayundecided.

________

Morethanthat,howshouldyoustaymotivatedtoachievethegoal?First,youneedtoevaluateyourself,yourvaluesyourstrengths,yourweaknesses,yourachievements,yourdesires,etc.Onlythenshouldyouryou'reyourgoals

Youalsoneedtojudgethequalityanddepthofyourmotivation.Thisisquiteimportant,becauseitisdirectlyrelatedtoyourcommitment.Therearetimeswhenyourheartisnotinyourwork.________

So,slowdownandthinkwhatyoureallywanttodoatthatmoment.Clarity〔清晰〕ofthoughtscanhelpyoumoveforward.

Anotherwayofsettingrealisticgoalsistoanalyzeyourshortandlongtermobjectives,keepinginmindyourbeliefs,valuesandstrengths.Rememberthatgoalsareflexible.________

Theyalsoneedtobemeasurable.Youmustkeepthesepointsinmindwhilesettingyourgoals.

Yourpersonalcircumstancesareequallyimportant.Forexample,youmaywanttobeaPilotbutcan'tbecomeonebecauseyoureyesightisnotgoodenough.________Youshouldreassessyourgoals,andmotivateyourselftosetafreshgoal.

Youwillsurelyneedtoovercomesomedifficulties,someplanned,butmostunplanned.Youcannotovercomethemwithoutamplemotivation.Makesurethatyouplanforthesedifficultiesatthetimeofsettingyourgoals.A.Thiscanaffectyourwork.B.Sohowshouldyoumotivateyourself?C.However,thisshouldnotdiscourageyou.D.Sowhyshouldwetrytosetspecificgoals?E.Theycanchangeaccordingtocircumstances.F.Motivationiswhatyouneedmosttodoagoodjob.G.Withoutmotivationyoucanneithersetagoalnorreachit【答案】G；B；A；E；C【考點】七選五【解析】【分析】這是一篇議論文，談論動機與目標設立的關系?！?〕段中句。前一句“動機和目標的設定是硬幣的兩面〞，所以可以判斷此處論述motivation與goalsetting的關系，故答案為G?！?〕段首句。下文中的More

thanthat后面的howshouldyoustaymotivatedtoachievethe

goal?是一個特殊疑問句，所以可以判斷此處的句式與后面的問句相似，都涉及到“motivate〞，故答案為B?！?〕段中句。根據前一句yourheart

isnot

in

yourwork，這就會“影響你的工作〞，后一句So,slowdown

and

think…提出應對措施，故答案為A。〔4〕段中句。根據前一句goals

are

flexible，選項E中的they與goals對應，change

according

to

circumstances與flexible〔靈活的〕對應；另外后一句中的also說明此處涉及目標的特點，故答案為E?！?〕段中句。前文提到“想當飛行員但是視力不好〞，后一句說“你要重新評估你的目標，鼓勵自己設定新的目標〞，所以此處是承上啟下的句子，故答案為C。【點評】這是一篇議論文，重在考查上下文之間的邏輯關系，答題時首先瀏覽文章主旨，并理解各個選項所表達的含義。然后再讀短文，選出最能使上下文語義通順的選項，注意段落大意，空格前后的關鍵詞等信息，完成后要通讀一篇，看語義是否通順，是否符合邏輯，必要的話做適當修改。7.〔2021·新課標Ⅰ卷〕根據短文內容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最正確選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。IsFreshAirReallyGoodforYou?

Weallgrewuphearingpeopletellusto"gooutandgetsomefreshair."________

Accordingtorecentstudies,theanswerisabigYES,iftheairqualityinyourcampingareaisgood.

________

Iftheairyou'rebreathingisclean-whichitwouldbeifyou'reawayfromthesmogofcities-thentheairisfilledwithlife-giving,energizingoxygen.Ifyouexerciseoutofdoors,yourbodywilllearntobreathemoredeeply,allowingevenmoreoxygentogettoyourmuscles(肌肉)andyourbrain.

Recently,peoplehavebegunstudyingtheconnectionbetweenthenaturalworldandhealing(治愈).________

Intheseplacespatientscangotobenearnatureduringtheirrecovery.Itturnsoutthatjustlookingatgreen,growingthingscanreducestress,lowerbloodpressure,andputpeopleintoabettermood(情緒).Greeneryisgoodforus.Hospitalpatientswhoseetreebranchesouttheirwindowarelikelytorecoveratafasterratethanpatientswhoseebuildingsorskyinstead.________

Itgivesusagreatfeelingofpeace.

________Whilethesun'srayscanageandharmourskin,theyalsogiveisbeneficialVitaminD.TomakesureyougetenoughVitaminD—butstillprotectyourskin—putonsunscreenrightasyouheadoutside.Ittakessunscreenaboutfifteenminutestostartworking,andthat'splentyoftimeforyourskintoabsorbaday'sworthofVitaminD.A.Freshaircleansourlungs.B.Sowhatareyouwaitingfor?C.Beinginnaturerefreshesus.D.Anothersidebenefitofgettingfreshairissunlight.E.Butisfreshairreallyasgoodforyouasyourmotheralwayssaid?F.Justasimportantly,wetendtoassociateairwithhealthcare.G.Allacrossthecountry,recoverycentershavebegunbuildingHealingGardens.【答案】E；A；G；C；D【考點】七選五【解析】【分析】這是一篇議論文，談論在沒有污染的環(huán)境中，新鮮空氣對人體有好處，能加快病人的康復。A.Freshaircleansourlungs.新鮮的空氣清潔我們的肺。B.Sowhatareyouwaitingfor?所以你在等待什么？C.Beinginnaturerefreshesus.待在自然中可以讓我們恢復精力。D.Anothersidebenefitofgettingfreshairissunlight.得到新鮮空氣的另一個好處是陽光。E.Butisfreshairreallyasgoodforyouasyourmotheralwayssaid?但是新鮮的空氣真的正如你媽媽經常說的那樣對你有好處嗎？F.Justasimportantly,wetendtoassociateairwithhealthcare.

同樣重要的是，我們傾向于將空氣與醫(yī)療保健聯系起來。G.Allacrossthecountry,recoverycentershavebegunbuildingHealingGardens.全國各地的康復中心都開始建造康復花園?！?〕段中句，看前后。根據后一句theanswerisabigYES可知此處是一般疑問句，故答案為E?！?〕段首句，看下文。根據后一句Iftheairyou'rebreathingisclean-whichitwouldbeifyou'reawayfromthesmogofcities-thentheairisfilledwithlife-giving，energizingoxygen可知干凈的空氣富含提神的氧氣，這是在解釋新鮮