2025年高考教案英語(yǔ)UNIT4NATURALDISASTERS

UNIT4NATURALDISASTERS基礎(chǔ)默寫(xiě)Ⅰ.核心單詞——寫(xiě)其形1.disastern.災(zāi)難；災(zāi)害2.floodn.洪水；大量vi.淹沒(méi)；大量涌入vt.使灌滿水；淹沒(méi)3.rescuen.&vt.營(yíng)救；救援4.damagevt.損害；破壞n.損壞；損失5.destroyvt.摧毀；毀滅6.sheltern.避難處；居所；庇護(hù)vt.保護(hù)；掩蔽vi.躲避（風(fēng)雨或危險(xiǎn)）7.ruinn.&vt.破壞；毀壞8.percentn.百分之……adj.&adv.每一百中9.trapvt.使落入險(xiǎn)境；使陷入圈套n.險(xiǎn)境；陷阱10.buryvt.埋葬；安葬11.effortn.努力；艱難的嘗試；盡力12.supplyn.供應(yīng)（量）；補(bǔ)給；[pl.]補(bǔ)給品vt.供應(yīng)；供給13.powern.電力供應(yīng)；能量；力量；控制力14.calmadj.鎮(zhèn)靜的；沉著的vt.使平靜；使鎮(zhèn)靜15.aidn.援助；幫助；救援物資vi.&vt.幫助；援助16.crashvt.&vi.碰撞；撞擊n.撞車；碰撞17.sweepvt.&vi.打掃；清掃18.waven.海浪；波浪vi.&vt.揮手；招手19.strikevi.&vt.（過(guò)去式struck；過(guò)去分詞struck）侵襲；突擊；擊打；撞n.罷工；罷課；襲擊20.summaryn.總結(jié)；概括；概要Ⅱ.拓展單詞——通其變1.dievi.死；死亡→deathn.死；死亡→deadadj.死的→deadlyadj.致命的；極度的；十足的2.affectvt.影響；（疾病）侵襲；深深打動(dòng)→affectionn.感情；喜愛(ài)3.shockn.震驚；令人震驚的事；休克vt.（使）震驚→shockingadj.令人震驚的→shockedadj.震驚的4.electricityn.電；電能→electricadj.帶電的；電動(dòng)的→electricaladj.與電有關(guān)的5.breathn.呼吸→breathevi.&vt.呼吸→breathlessadj.氣喘吁吁的6.wiseadj.充滿智慧的；明智的；英明的→wisdomn.智慧；才智→wiselyadv.明智地7.suffervt.遭受；蒙受vi.（因疾病、痛苦、悲傷等）受苦→sufferingn.折磨；苦難；痛苦→sufferern.患病者；受難者8.eruptvi.&vt.（火山）爆發(fā)；（巖漿、煙等）噴出→eruptionn.噴發(fā)9.survivevi.生存；存活vt.幸存；艱難度過(guò)→survivaln.幸存；幸存事物→survivorn.幸存者10.delivervt.&vi.遞送；傳達(dá)vt.發(fā)表→deliveryn.傳送；遞送；演講方式11.effectn.影響；結(jié)果；效果→effectiveadj.有效的→effectivelyadv.有效地12.longadj.長(zhǎng)的→lengthn.長(zhǎng)；長(zhǎng)度→lengthenvt.&vi（使）變長(zhǎng)Ⅲ.閱讀單詞——曉其意1.droughtn.旱災(zāi)；久旱2.slidevi.&vt.（使）滑行；滑動(dòng)3.helicoptern.直升機(jī)4.crackn.裂紋；裂縫vi.&vt.（使）破裂5.brickn.磚；磚塊6.metaln.金屬7.revivevt.&vi.復(fù)活；（使）蘇醒8.unifyvi.&vt.統(tǒng)一；（使）成一體9.contextn.上下文；語(yǔ)境；背景10.volcanon.火山11.typhoonn.臺(tái)風(fēng)12.hurricanen.（尤指西大西洋的）颶風(fēng)13.tapvi.&vt.輕叩；輕敲；輕拍n.水龍頭；輕叩；輕敲14.pipen.管子；管道15.whistlevi.吹口哨；發(fā)出笛聲vt.吹口哨n.哨子（聲）；呼嘯聲16.emergencyn.突發(fā)事件；緊急情況17.kitn.成套工具；成套設(shè)備Ⅳ.核心短語(yǔ)——明搭配1.asif似乎；好像；仿佛2.falldown跌倒；倒塌3.carryout執(zhí)行；實(shí)施；貫徹；完成4.inruins嚴(yán)重受損；破敗不堪5.inshock震驚；吃驚6.digout挖掘出；發(fā)現(xiàn)7etoanend結(jié)束；終結(jié)8.intheopenair露天；在戶外9.onhand現(xiàn)有（尤指幫助）10.sweepaway消滅；徹底消除Ⅴ.經(jīng)典句式——會(huì)運(yùn)用1.Itseemedasiftheworldwereingtoanend！（asif引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句）仿佛世界末日即將來(lái)臨！2.Iwashavingbreakfastwithmythreechildrenwhenwaterstartedfillingmyhome.（bedoing...when...）我和我的三個(gè)孩子正在吃早飯，這時(shí)水開(kāi)始灌入屋內(nèi)。3.Chickensandevenpigsweretoonervoustoeat，anddogsrefusedtogoinsidebuildings.（too...to...）雞甚至連豬都緊張得吃不下東西，狗也不愿意進(jìn)屋里去。4.Soonafterthequakes，thearmysent150，000soldierstoTangshantodigoutthosewhoweretrappedandtoburythedead.（thosewho...）地震剛剛過(guò)去，部隊(duì)便派出了15萬(wàn)名戰(zhàn)士奔赴唐山，將受困群眾挖出，并掩埋死者。語(yǔ)境自測(cè)Ⅰ.單詞拼寫(xiě)（用本單元詞匯）1.Wesetouttogotravellingwithexcitement，butthebadweatherruined（破壞）ourtrip.2.Sinceancienttimes，storytellinghasbeenawaytoshareandpassonwisdom（智慧）.3.Whenaheavyraincausedfloodsinthearea，manyvolunteersdelivered（遞送）foodandwatertogiveahelpinghand.4.Hehashadtobury（掩藏）hispainovertheyearssoasnottomakehisparentsworried.5.Noonewasinjuredintheexplosion，butthebuildingwaspletelydestroyed.6.ItsuddenlystrikesmethatIstilloweyou20dollars.7.Hefoundahidingplaceasashelterfromtheviolentstorm.8.AlthoughRosemaryhadbeensufferingfromaseriousillnessforyears，shelostnoneofherenthusiasmforlife.9.Hearingthebadnews，hetookafewdeepbreathstocalmhimselfdown.10.Seeingthedrowninggirl，Ijumpedintothewaterimmediately，tookhertothebankandgaveherfirstaid.11.Theelectricityandwatersupplieshavebeencutoffafterthebigearthquakeinthetown.12.Manystudentsweretrappedbysmokeandfireonanupperfloor.Ⅱ.用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1.Peoplesufferedalotintheearthquake，andfoodandwaterdelivery（deliver）couldn’treachthearea，whichaddedtotheirsuffering（s）（suffer）.2.Thisdeskisthreetimesthelengthofthatone，soitislongenoughandneedn’tbelengthened.（long）3.ItwasshockingthatLiMinglostthefootballmatchyesterday，andallhisfanswerealsoinshock.Butwhatmadethemevenmoreshockedwasthathedidn’tcareaboutitatall.（shock）4.Jackseldommakesmistakesandmakesalmosteverydecisionwisely.Weallthinkheisamanfullofwisdom，butaccordingtohim，it’sallthankstoreadingwidely.（wise）5.Thenewtrafficrulewilleintoeffectnextyearandisexpectedtoreducetrafficjamseffectively.However，therearestillsomepeoplewhodoubtwhethertherulewillbeeffective.（effect）6.Anearthquakestruckthiscityweeksago，causinghundredsofpeople’sdeath.Peoplefromotherprovincescametoofferhelp，buryingthedeadandfortingthosewholosttheirhomes.Forlong，theareawascoveredwithdeadly/deadsilence.（die）7.Climbingwasindeedahardjob.Wewerebreathlesshalfwayupthemountainandhadtostop.Twohourslater，wereachedthetopandcouldn’thelptakingadeepbreathtobreatheinthefreshair！（breath）8.Jackisoneofthosesurvivorswho（have）survivedtheflood.Hetoldushissurvivalwasowingtothehelpfromastranger.（survive）Ⅲ.用方框內(nèi)短語(yǔ)的適當(dāng)形式完成句子etoanendcarryoutasifsweepawayinruinsinshockonhandintheopenair1.ChinesepeopleusuallycleantheirhousebeforetheLunarNewYear，astheybelieveinthiswaythebadluckofthenextyearwillbesweptaway.2.Yearsofwarhavelefttheareainruins.3.Bothofthemwanttheirdisputetoetoanend，butneitheriswillingtogivein.4.Seeingthecityafterthequakeatthetime，shesaysshewasinshock.5.Doyouthinkitisimportanttocarryoutresearchonwhalesandotherseacreatures？6.Whethertheirweddingceremonywillbeheldintheopenairtomorrowdependsontheweather.7.IhavesomuchworkonhandthatIdon’thavetimetogotothecinema.8.Theseeminglyworriedmantooktwostepsforward，andthenlookedbackasifhewerewaitingforsomethingtohappen.Ⅳ.句式仿寫(xiě)1.他英語(yǔ)說(shuō)得非常好，好像在英國(guó)居住了很多年似的。（asif引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句）HespokeEnglishperfectlyasifhehadlivedintheUKformanyyears.2.上周一，我正在街上散步，突然看到一位老人從自行車上摔了下來(lái)。（bedoing...when...）LastMonday，IwaswalkinginthestreetwhenIsuddenlysawanoldmanfalloffhisbicycle.3.我嚇呆了，害怕得不敢移動(dòng)一步。（too...to...）Ifrozewithterror，tooscaredtomoveaninch.4.陷入這樣的危機(jī)加強(qiáng)了來(lái)自世界上不同地區(qū)的人們之間的聯(lián)系。（thosewho...）Tobecaughtupinsuchacrisisstrengthensthebondsbetweenthosewhoefromdifferentpartsoftheworld.Naturaldisasters，likedrought，flood，typhoons，andearthquakes，arebeingmorefrequentnowadays.Allhavebadeffectsonhumans’life，makingussufferfromterribleinjuriesandseriousdamage.TheTangshanearthquakein1976shockedtheworldthen—about90percentofthehomesinthecityweredestroyed，andelectricitywashardtogetbecausepowerwascutoff.Alargecitylayinruins.Millionsofpeoplewereaffectedandhadtofacedeath.Itseemedasiftheworldwereingtoanend.Thankfully，150，000soldiersweresenttostartrescuework.Theydugoutthosewhoweretrapped，buriedthedeadandbuiltsheltersforthosewhosurvivedthedisaster.Thetirelesseffortspaidoff.Slowly，thecitybegantobreatheagain.Inthisfight，humansshowedgreatcourageandwisdom.Andwhatwelearnedfromthedisasteristokeepfirstaidkitonhandincaseofemergency.Whenadisasterstrikesaplace，it’susuallydifficulttodeliverfoodandsupplieswithinashorttime，butaslongaswestaycalm，positiveandunited，nodisasterwilldefeatus.1affectvt.影響；感動(dòng)；（疾?。┣忠u；使感染1.Unluckily，hewasaffected（affect）withaseriousillness，whichmadehisparentsdeeplyconcerned.2.Wemusttakeeffectivemeasurestopreventtheareafrombeingaffected（affect）bydrought.3.總的來(lái)說(shuō)，英文報(bào)Youth對(duì)我有巨大的影響。我經(jīng)常被報(bào)紙中數(shù)不清的感人故事深深感動(dòng)。 （短文投稿）Insummary，theEnglishnewspaperYouthaffectsmegreatly或hasagreateffect/impact/influenceon/uponme.I’moftendeeplyaffectedbycountlessmovingstoriesinthenewspaper.★beaffectedby...受……影響，被……感動(dòng)beaffectedwith...感染……疾病★（形近）effectn.效應(yīng)；結(jié)果；影響；效果★haveaneffect/impact/influenceon/upon對(duì)……產(chǎn)生影響2shockn.震驚；令人震驚的事；休克vt.（使）震驚（amaze，surprise，astonish）1.Thisisoneofthemostshocking（shock）weathereventsI’veeverwitnessed.2.Iwasshockedtohear（hear）thenewsthatanearthquakehappenedinSichuanProvince，killingmorethanonehundredpeople.3.EverystaffmemberwasinshockwhenhearingtheywouldtakeatestonSundayinsteadofhavingapicnic.介詞in和許多表示情緒的名詞搭配使用時(shí)，可用來(lái)描寫(xiě)人物的心情，如insurprise/amazement（驚訝地），infear/horror（驚恐地）等。4.Peterworkedhardinthepanyandwonpraisefromhisbossandcolleagues，buthisnamewasonthelayoff（裁員）list.Thisgavehimashock/Thismadehimshocked/Thiswasshockingnewsforhim/Thiscameasashocktohim.（情景續(xù)寫(xiě)）★eas/beagreatshocktosb.令某人大為震驚inshock震驚，吃驚★shockedadj.震驚的，驚訝的beshockedat/bysth.對(duì)某事感到震驚beshockedtodosth.做某事很震驚★shockingadj.令人震驚的3buryvt.埋葬；安葬1.[譯林選必②－4]Thetimecapsule，buried（bury）50feetbelowthegroundinapark，wasdesignedtobeopenedintheyear6939.2.聽(tīng)到自己的家人被埋在廢墟之下，他雙手掩面，忍不住哭了出來(lái)。（讀后續(xù)寫(xiě)之情緒描寫(xiě)）Hearingthathisfamilywereburiedinruins，heburiedhisfaceinhishandsandcouldn’tholdbackhistears.3.Focusingonwhathewasdoing，hedidn’tevennoticeitwasgettingdarkoutside.★beburiedin（doing）sth.＝buryoneselfin（doing）sth.埋頭于，專心于（做）某事buryone’sfaceinone’shands雙手掩面beburiedinthought陷入沉思（＝belostinthought）→Buryinghimselfin/Buriedinwhathewasdoing，hedidn’tevennoticeitwasgettingdarkoutside.（用bury改寫(xiě)畫(huà)線部分）4effortn.努力；艱難的嘗試；盡力1.[人教必修③－4]Asaresult，spacebasedsciencehashelpedfarminginitseffortstogrow（grow）enoughfoodtofeedEarth’sincreasingpopulation.2.Asaseniorhighschoolstudent，youmustmakeefforts/makeanefforttoimprovethenecessarymunicationskills（努力提高必要的溝通技巧）anddevelopcriticalandindependentthinking. （建議信）3.We’dbettertryourbesttoprepareourselvesfortomorrowsothatwecanhaveabrightfuture.→We’dbettermakeeveryeffort/sparenoefforttoprepareourselvesfortomorrowsothatwecanhaveabrightfuture.（用effort升級(jí)畫(huà)線部分）4.學(xué)生應(yīng)該專心學(xué)習(xí)。畢竟沒(méi)有人能毫不費(fèi)力地通過(guò)所有考試。（apply，effort）Studentsaresupposedtoapplythemselvestostudying.Afterall，nobodycanpassalltheexamswithouteffort.applyoneselfto（doing）sth.勤奮工作；努力學(xué)習(xí)★makeaneffort/effortstodosth.努力去做某事makeeveryefforttodosth.＝sparenoefforttodosth.盡一切努力去做某事★inanefforttodosth.為了做某事withouteffort毫不費(fèi)力地with（an）effort費(fèi)勁地5suffervt.遭受，蒙受vi.（因疾病、痛苦、悲傷等）受苦1.Itisshockingtoseethepatientsuffering/sufferfrompovertyanddiseasesandweallwanttodosomethingtohelpthissuffereroutofhissuffering（s）.（suffer）2.Studiesshowthatifpeoplealwayssitbeforeputerscreensforlonghours，theywillhavebackproblemsfromwhichtheywillsufferintherestoftheirlife.本題中，backproblems后面是"介詞＋which"引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句。sufferfrom"遭受；患病"，是固定搭配，此處介詞from提前了。3.雖然自然災(zāi)難可能會(huì)使我們?cè)馐軜O大的痛苦，但我堅(jiān)信只要我們守望相助，必能戰(zhàn)勝災(zāi)難。 （讀后續(xù)寫(xiě)之主旨升華）Althoughnaturaldisastersmaymakeussuffergreatpains，Ifirmlybelievethatwecanoverethedisastersthroughhelpingandsupportingeachother.★sufferfrom遭受；患……病sufferpains/defeat/loss遭受痛苦/失敗/損失★sufferingn.疼痛；苦難；痛苦sufferern.受苦者；受難者；患病者6supplyn.供應(yīng)（量）；補(bǔ)給；[pl.]補(bǔ)給品vt.供應(yīng)；供給1.Intheearthquakestrickenarea，dangerousconditionsanddamagedroadswillmakeitdifficulttodeliverfoodsupplies（supply）.此處表示"運(yùn)送食物"，supply在此表示"補(bǔ)給品"，通常要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。當(dāng)supply表示"供應(yīng)，供給"時(shí)，為不可數(shù)名詞，如：electricitysupply電力供應(yīng)，watersupply供水。2.ManyparentsinChinaarealwaysmakingeveryefforttoprovidetheirchildrenwiththebesteducation.→①M(fèi)anyparentsinChinaarealwaysmakingeveryefforttosupplytheirchildrenwiththebesteducation/supplythebesteducationtotheirchildren.（supply）→②ManyparentsinChinaarealwaysmakingeveryefforttooffertheirchildrenthebesteducation/offerthebesteducationtotheirchildren.（offer）★inshortsupply供應(yīng)不足★為某人提供某物：supplysb.withsth.＝supplysth.tosb.providesb.withsth.＝providesth.forsb.offersb.sth.＝offersth.tosb.7survivevi.生存，存活，繼續(xù)存在vt.幸存；艱難度過(guò)1.Aftertheflood，peopleweresufferinginthatarea，whourgentlyneededcleanwater，medicineandshelterforsurvival（survive）.2.Mr.Greenwastheonlysurvivor（survive）intheearthquake.Hetoldushesurvivedonabottleofwater.3.沒(méi)有海洋，任何生物都無(wú)法生存，包括人類。 （環(huán)境保護(hù)）Withouttheocean，nolivingthingswouldsurvive，includinghumans.★survivesth.從……中活下來(lái)；幸存于……surviveon依靠……生存AsurviveB（by＋時(shí)間）A比B活得長(zhǎng)（……）★survivaln.幸存；殘存物survivorn.幸存者8powern.電力供應(yīng)；能量；力量；控制力3.[人教選必①－4]Scientistshavefoundthatwhenwefeelproudandpowerful，weusuallystraightenuptomakeourselvesbigger.Bycontrast，whenwefeelpowerless，wetendtoslump，makingourselvessmaller.（power）4.如果你有任何問(wèn)題，盡管來(lái)找我。我會(huì)竭盡全力幫助你。 （建議信）Ifyouhaveanyproblems，justturntome.I’lldoeverythinginmypowertohelpyou.5.發(fā)生在他朋友身上的事使他驚呆了，他一句話也說(shuō)不出來(lái)。 （讀后續(xù)寫(xiě)之神態(tài)描寫(xiě)）★apowercut/failure停電havethepowertodosth.具有做某事的能力doeverythinginone’spower＝tryone’sbest竭盡全力beyondone’spower某人力所不能及in/withinone’spower在某人能力范圍內(nèi)beinpower執(zhí)政（強(qiáng)調(diào)狀態(tài)）etopower開(kāi)始掌權(quán)/執(zhí)政（強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作）★powerfuladj.強(qiáng)健的；強(qiáng)有力的powerlessadj.無(wú)影響力的，無(wú)能為力的Hewassoshockedbywhathappenedtohisfriendsthathelostthepowerofspeech.9asif/asthough仿佛，好像，似乎1.[譯林選必①－3]Whenyoulookatthepainting，itisasifyouwere（be）abouttocrossthebridgeandenteranotherworld.2.[外研選必②－3]Childhoodmemoriescamebacktomesoclearly，asiftheeventshadhappened（happen）onlyyesterday.3.Iwasdominatedbyanoverwhelmingsenseofexcitementandprideathiswords，andmyfeet，asifrooted（root）totheground，couldn’tmoveabit. （讀后續(xù)寫(xiě)之情感描寫(xiě)）asif/asthough引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，若主從句主語(yǔ)一致，且從句謂語(yǔ)為be動(dòng)詞，那么從句的主語(yǔ)和be動(dòng)詞可以省略，構(gòu)成"asif/asthough＋形容詞/名詞/介詞短語(yǔ)/分詞/不定式"。本題中，asif引導(dǎo)的完整從句為：asifmyfeetwererootedtotheground。4.她緊張地捂住張大的嘴巴，覺(jué)得心好像要跳出來(lái)了。 （讀后續(xù)寫(xiě)之情感描寫(xiě)）Shenervouslycoveredherwideopenedmouth，feelingasif/asthoughherheartwouldjumpout.（現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)）★asif/asthough既可引導(dǎo)方式狀語(yǔ)從句，也可位于seem，look等系動(dòng)詞后引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句。★若asif/asthough從句描述非現(xiàn)實(shí)情況，則用虛擬語(yǔ)氣：·與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，從句謂語(yǔ)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)（be動(dòng)詞用were）；·與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反，從句謂語(yǔ)用過(guò)去完成時(shí)；·與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反，從句謂語(yǔ)用"would/could/might/should＋動(dòng)詞原形"。10bedoingsth.when...正在做某事，這時(shí)突然……1.Theoldwomanwaswalking（walk）cautiouslyontheicypavementwhenherfeetslippedandshefellover. （讀后續(xù)寫(xiě)之動(dòng)作描寫(xiě)）2.[譯林選必②－1]Iwasabouttohave（have）abathwhenIheardpeoplescreaminganddogsbarking.3.Shehadjustfinishedherhomeworkwhenhermotheraskedhertopractisethepiano.4.我正在擔(dān)心如何說(shuō)服她接受我的建議，這時(shí)我突然想到了一個(gè)好主意。（persuade，strike） （讀后續(xù)寫(xiě)之心理描寫(xiě)）Iwasworryingabouthowtopersuadehertoacceptmyadvicewhenagoodideastruckme.★when作并列連詞，表示"這時(shí)突然"，還用于以下句型中：beabouttodosth.when...正要做某事，這時(shí)突然……beonthepointofdoingsth.when...正要做某事，這時(shí)突然……h(huán)ad（just）donesth.when...剛做完某事，這時(shí)突然……詞根fect從[構(gòu)詞示例]中選擇適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，并用其正確形式填空。1.[北師選必①－3]ItisclearthathumanactivityhasnegativelyaffectedallotherspeciesonEarth，includinganimalsandplants.2.[譯林選必②－3]Burnsdamageskin，whichcanleadtoinfectionandotherhealthproblems.3.[人教必修②－5]Asitturnedout，therewasnoneedtobenervousbecauseallmyhardworkpaidoffandIplayedperfectly.Ⅰ.語(yǔ)法填空——詞形轉(zhuǎn)換、固定搭配、易錯(cuò)動(dòng)詞變形1.[2023新高考Ⅱ]Besides，workinginthegardenseemstohaveacalmingeffecton/uponJaramillo’sspecialeducationstudents，manyofwhomhaveemotionalcontrolissues.該句中含有"manyof＋關(guān)系代詞"引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞為students。句意：此外，在花園里工作似乎對(duì)Jaramillo的特殊教育學(xué)生有鎮(zhèn)靜作用，他們中的許多人都有情緒控制問(wèn)題。2.[2022全國(guó)乙]Itiseasytohaveasenseofconnectednessthroughsocialmedia，butlongdistancefriendships—evencloseones—mayrequiremoreconsciousefforttosustain（sustain）.3.[2021天津]Lifewithoutartwouldbeboringanddead（die）still，forartisapartofwhatmakesushuman.此處dead是副詞，意為"完全地，全然地"，相當(dāng)于pletely。still為形容詞，意為"靜止的"。4.[2020浙江]ThetrafficsignalsalongFactoriaBoulevardinBellevue，Washington，generallydon’tflashthesamelength（long）ofgreentwiceinarow，especiallyatrushhour.5.[2020北京]Tomhassincereportedtheshocking（shock）findingstothegovernmentinanattempttoemphasisethatbabiesareathigherriskofdevelopingasthma（哮喘）.6.[2020江蘇]Later，heworkedinAfrica，wheremanypeoplesufferedfromblindnessforlackofpropertreatment.7.[北京高考]Arescueworkerriskedhislifesavingtwotouristswhohadbeentrapped（trap）inthemountainsfortwodays.句意：一名救援人員冒著生命危險(xiǎn)救了兩名被困山中兩天的游客。根據(jù)句意可知，trap這個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在risked之前，所以此處為過(guò)去的過(guò)去，應(yīng)用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，且twotourists與trap之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。trap的過(guò)去分詞形式應(yīng)雙寫(xiě)p再加ed。8.[北京高考]WhentheyreturnedtoRockawaythenextday，theyfoundtheirneighborhoodinruins（ruin）.9.[江蘇高考]AttheBeijingOlympicssheswept（sweep）awayanydoubtsaboutherabilitytoperformconsistentlybybeingthefirstJamaicanwomanevertowinthe100metresOlympicgold.根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)AttheBeijingOlympics可知，此處應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。sweepawaydoubts表示"消除懷疑"，句中的Jamaicanwoman因?yàn)橛行驍?shù)詞修飾，其后用不定式evertowin...gold作后置定語(yǔ)。句意：在北京奧運(yùn)會(huì)上，她成為第一位獲得奧運(yùn)會(huì)100米金牌的牙買加女子，消除了人們對(duì)她一貫表現(xiàn)能力的懷疑。10.[全國(guó)Ⅲ]JustbeforeSeptember，Millerwasstruck（strike）byacarandlosthisrightarm.Ⅱ.閱讀理解——一詞多義、熟詞生義1.A.v.大量送至，擠滿 B.n.大量C.v.大量涌入 D.v.淹沒(méi)①[2023新高考Ⅱ]TheytalktothefloodofinternationaltouristsandtovisitingChinesezookeeperswhooftenetocheckonthepandas，whichareonloanfromChina.B②[2023全國(guó)甲]AskthetouristsfromaroundtheworldthatfloodintoYellowstoneNationalParkwhattheymosthopetosee，andtheiranswerisoftenthesame：agrizzlybear.C③[浙江高考]Butwhenhefinallyreachedher，thewomanfloodedhimwithquestions："Whoareyou？Whatantiqueshop？" A④[江蘇高考]Rezwaniscreatingfloatingconnectivity（連接）toreplacefloodedroadsandhighways. Dflood在③作動(dòng)詞，其本質(zhì)含義是tosendsth.somewhereinlargenumbers。flood...with...常用被動(dòng)形式befloodedwith，befloodedwith在某種程度上相當(dāng)于befullof/befilledwith/becrowdedwith等。2.A.侵襲 B.給（某人以……）印象C.達(dá)成（協(xié)議） D.猛地意識(shí)到①[2021新高考Ⅰ]TheFrenchtaketheir35hourworkweekseriously—soseriouslythatsomelaborunionsrecentlystruckadealwithagroupofpanieslimitingthenumberofhoursthatindependentcontractorscanbeoncall. C②[2021全國(guó)乙]Hismentstruckmeasstrange. B③[2020北京]ButSmithwasstruckmainlybythefactthatshedidn’ttrulygraspanyoftheskillstheauthordescribed.D④[北京高考]Onthe20thofthatmonth，Dr.Welchexaminedasickboy，Billy，andknewhehaddiphtheria，adeadlyinfectious（傳染的）diseasemainlyaffectingchildren.ThechildrenofNomewouldbehelplessifitstruckthetown. A3.[2021天津]Goodevening，everybody.ProfessorKingwillbedeliveringhislectureinamoment，butletmeintroducehimfirst. v.發(fā)表4.[北京高考]Twomorerantogettheschoolnurse，whobroughtadefibrillator，anelectronicdevice（器械）thatcanshocktheheartbackintowork. v.使受電擊Ⅲ.寫(xiě)作——基礎(chǔ)寫(xiě)作、讀后續(xù)寫(xiě)寫(xiě)作一基礎(chǔ)寫(xiě)作——自然災(zāi)害過(guò)去幾年，世界各地頻發(fā)地震、洪水、颶風(fēng)、沙塵暴等自然災(zāi)害，給人們的生產(chǎn)、生活造成極大的損失。假如你是李華，請(qǐng)你給某英文報(bào)刊"人與自然"專欄寫(xiě)一篇短文，要點(diǎn)包括：1.描述自然災(zāi)害的現(xiàn)象和后果；2.分析自然災(zāi)害頻發(fā)的原因；3.提出關(guān)于減少自然災(zāi)害的建議?！?qū)懽饕c(diǎn)1.在過(guò)去的幾年里，發(fā)生了各種各樣的自然災(zāi)害，比如地震、沙塵暴、洪水，給人類造成了嚴(yán)重的損失。（disaster，damage）Overthepastfewyears，therehavebeenvariousnaturaldisasters，suchasearthquakes，sandstorms，floods，causingseveredamagetohumanbeings.2.無(wú)數(shù)的房屋變成廢墟，大量農(nóng)田被破壞，數(shù)百萬(wàn)人遭受了巨大的經(jīng)濟(jì)損失。（inruins，destroy，suffer）Countlesshouseswereinruins，numerousfieldsweredestroyed，andmillionsofpeoplesufferedgreateconomiclosses.3.人口的快速增長(zhǎng)對(duì)自然產(chǎn)生了不良影響，因?yàn)楦嗟娜艘馕吨厍蛏细噘Y源的供應(yīng)。（effect，supply）Therapidpopulationgrowthhasanegativeeffectonnature，sincemorepeoplemeanlargersuppliesofresourcesonearth.4.人們?nèi)狈Νh(huán)保意識(shí)，使得自然界的突發(fā)事件越來(lái)越頻繁。（emergency）Peoplelacktheawarenessofenvironmentalprotection，makingtheemergenciesofnaturemorefrequent.5.我們應(yīng)該盡一切努力保持人與自然之間的平衡。（effort）We’resupposedtomakeeveryefforttokeepthebalancebetweenhumansandnature.◎連句成篇請(qǐng)運(yùn)用恰當(dāng)?shù)倪B接詞將以上寫(xiě)作要點(diǎn)串聯(lián)成一篇語(yǔ)意連貫的短文。Overthepastfewyears，therehavebeenvariousnaturaldisasters，suchasearthquakes，sandstorms，floods，causingseveredamagetohumanbeings.Thus，countlesshouseswereinruins，numerousfieldsweredestroyed，andmillionsofpeoplesufferedgreateconomiclosses.Thereareseveralfactorscontributingtothesedisasters.First，therapidpopulationgrowthhasanegativeeffectonnature，sincemorepeoplemeanlargersuppliesofresourcesonearth.What’smore，peoplelacktheawarenessofenvironmentalprotection，makingtheemergenciesofnaturemorefrequent.Inmyopinion，we’resupposedtomakeeveryefforttokeepthebalancebetweenhumansandnature.OnlyinthiswaycanwehumanssurvivewithourplanetEarth.寫(xiě)作二讀后續(xù)寫(xiě)——情感描寫(xiě)之驚訝與震驚積累背誦仿寫(xiě)運(yùn)用單詞amazed，astonished，shocked，surprised，openmouthed，amazement，surprise，astonishment，alarm，startle使驚嚇根據(jù)左欄素材完成下列各句1.當(dāng)我看到這么多觀眾時(shí)，我驚訝得下巴都要掉了，不禁緊張起來(lái)。MyjawalmostdroppedwhenIsawthesizeoftheaudience.Icouldn’thelpbutgetnervous.2.聽(tīng)到這個(gè)壞消息，我驚呆了，我平生第一回不知道說(shuō)什么話才好。Hearingthebadnews，Ifrozewithshock/Istoodstillwithshock/Iwasnumbwithshock.ForonceinmylifeIwaslostforwords.3.他驚訝得說(shuō)不出來(lái)話，甚至腦子都不靈了。Hewastoosurprised/astonishedtospeakoreventothink.（too...to...）4.令我極為吃驚的是，他在比賽最后一圈的時(shí)候趕了上來(lái)并第一個(gè)到達(dá)終點(diǎn)線。Muchtomysurprise/Tomygreatsurprise，hecaughtupinthelastlapoftheraceandwasthefirsttoreachthefinishingline.5.汽車沿著彎彎曲曲的山路行駛，轉(zhuǎn)過(guò)最急的彎道時(shí)，人人都驚得倒吸了一口氣。Thecarfollowedthetwistsandturnsofthemountainroad，andwhenitcamearoundthesharpestbend，everyonegaspedinastonishment.6.當(dāng)他打開(kāi)電腦開(kāi)始查看郵件時(shí)，他的臉上閃過(guò)一絲驚訝，但是又立即消失了。Whenheturnedonhisputerandbegantochecktheemail，asparkofsurpriseflashedacrosshisface，butsoondisappeared.詞組1.toone’samazement/surprise/astonishment令人吃驚的是2.inastonishment/insurprise驚訝地3.one’sjawdrops驚掉下巴4.freeze/standstill/benumbwithshock驚呆了5.beshockedbeyondwords/bespeechlesswithshock＝betoosurprised/astonishedtospeak驚訝得說(shuō)不出話來(lái)6.gaspinastonishment驚得倒吸一口氣7.givesb.ashock/easashocktosb.使某人震驚佳句1.Isensedasparkofsurpriseinhiseyes.Hestraightenedupandlookedatme，withhismouthwideopen.我感覺(jué)到他眼里閃過(guò)一絲驚訝。他直起身，目瞪口呆地看著我。2.Hewasobviouslyshockedbyherwordsandalookofshockspreadoverhisface.顯然，他被她的話震驚了，驚愕的表情在他的臉上蔓延開(kāi)來(lái)。3.IleapedupasifIhadbeenstruckbythunderwhenIfeltsomeonepattingmeontheshoulder.Iturnedaroundandlookedatthestrangerinwideeyedastonishment.當(dāng)我感覺(jué)到有人拍我的肩膀時(shí)，我一下子跳了起來(lái)，如遭雷擊。我轉(zhuǎn)過(guò)身，睜大眼睛驚訝地看著這個(gè)陌生人。一、閱讀理解A[自然災(zāi)害/2024天星原創(chuàng)]YellowstoneNationalParkwithdrewmorethan10，000visitorsafterflashfloodshitthepark.Houses，roadsandbridgeswerewashedaway，andthepark’sgatewaymunitieswerecutofffromroads.Evenasscientistsandlandmanagersareshockedbytheseverefloods，unseenin100yearsofrecordedhistory，theyrecognizethesimilaritiestotheeventstheirdatapredicted.Theyjustdidn’texpectthemtooccurthisyear.Whileitwilltakemoreresearchtoconfirmifclimatechangemadethisfloodeventmoreextreme，the2021GreaterYellowstoneClimateAssessmentpredictssignificantchangesinprecipitation（降水），includingwhenitwillarriveandwhatformitwilltake.Scientistsexpectmorespringrainandlesswintersnow.TheassessmentalsopredictsincreasingannualprecipitationinYellowstoneNationalPark.Changeshavebeenalreadydocumentedintheassessment.Since1950，springprecipitationintheregionhasincreasedby17percentinApriland23percentinMay.Snowfallhasdwindledeventhoughoverallannualprecipitationhasincreased.Thatmeansratherthanaslowreleaseofmeltwatertovalleysduringthesummermonths，rainfalltendstobinewithmeltingsnow，causingriskiereventsliketherecentflood.Juneprecipitationthisyearisnowatmorethan400percentaboveaverageinthepartsofMontanaandWyomingthatincludeYellowstone.Andastemperaturesrise，theserainonsnoweventsareprojectedtobeemorefrequentathigherelevations（海拔）inwesternNorthAmerica，whilelowersnowpackwillmakethemlessfrequentatlowelevations.BruceStein，chiefscientistoftheNationalWildlifeFederation，saidseveralyearsbefore，whenhetrainedYellowstoneemployeesforclimateplanning，theyfocusedonthefeaturesthatdrewvisitorstothepark—likebisonandwolves.Roads，bridges，andhousesgettingwashedawaywereoutoftheirconsideration."Ithinkit’surgentandnecessaryfortheparktolookaheadtoplanfordifferentsituationsthatcouldpossiblyhappenastheclimatechanges，"saidStein.本文是說(shuō)明文，主要講述了黃石國(guó)家公園遭遇百年不遇的洪水以及洪水產(chǎn)生的可能原因?！驹~語(yǔ)積累】withdrawv.使撤離assessmentn.評(píng)價(jià)，評(píng)估documentv.記錄，記載（詳情）snowpackn.積雪【熟詞生義】1.flash常用義：v.（使）閃耀，閃光n.閃光，閃光燈文中義：adj.突發(fā)的2.project常用義：n.項(xiàng)目，方案，工程文中義：v.預(yù)測(cè)，預(yù)計(jì)，推想【長(zhǎng)難句解讀】Whileitwilltakemoreresearchtoconfirm（ifclimatechangemadethisfloodeventmoreextreme），Whilethe2021GreaterYellowstoneClimateAssessmentpredictssignificantchangesinprecipitation主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)（降水），including（whenitwillarrive）and（whatformitwilltake）.其中including譯文：雖然需要更多的研究來(lái)確認(rèn)氣候變化是否使這次洪水事件更加極端，但《2021大黃石地區(qū)氣候評(píng)估報(bào)告》預(yù)測(cè)了降水的顯著變化，包括降水的到來(lái)時(shí)間和形式。1.Whatcanwelearnaboutthefloods？A.Theywerethemostdestructiveinhistory.B.Theyhadbeenpredictedwithcertainty.C.Theywereworsenedbychangesinclimate.D.Theywerepartlyinlinewithscientists’expectation.解析D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第一段中的"theyrecognizethesimilaritiestotheeventstheirdatapredicted...thisyear"可知，洪災(zāi)與科學(xué)家們的預(yù)測(cè)是部分一致的，故選D。2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"dwindled"inparagraph3mean？A.Varied. B.Balanced.C.Doubled. D.Declined.解析D詞義猜測(cè)題。由eventhough和hasincreased可推知，畫(huà)線詞意為"減少"，故選D。3.WhatdoesSteinthinktheparkshoulddonext？A.Takepreventativemeasures.B.Rebuilddamagedstructures.C.Focusonitsattractivefeatures.D.Receivetraininginclimateplanning.解析A推理判斷題。由最后一段的"Ithinkit’surgentandnecessaryforthepark...astheclimatechanges"可知，Stein認(rèn)為黃石國(guó)家公園必須向前看，為氣候變化可能引發(fā)的不同情況做好計(jì)劃，這是非常緊迫和必要的。也就是說(shuō)，黃石國(guó)家公園應(yīng)該做到防患于未然，故選A。4.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext？A.Yellowstonearea：Isitmoreatriskofflood？B.Yellowstoneflooding：Whydoesithappennow？C.Climateplanning：WhyisitimportanttoYellowstone？D.Climatechange：DoesitmeanmorerainforYellowstone？解析B標(biāo)題歸納題。通讀全文可知，文章主要講述了黃石國(guó)家公園遭遇百年不遇的洪水及洪水產(chǎn)生的可能原因，B項(xiàng)更好地概括了文章的內(nèi)容，做文章標(biāo)題最佳。B[2023山東二模]ItwasalongweekendinMay2018andmypartnerGabeRosescuandIweretakingaroadtriptogotoNelson，BritishColumbiaandspendsometimewithourfriends.Itwasourfirsttriptogether.Ataround5：30p.m.onThursday，May17，weweredrivingabout11mileswestofCreston，onasteepmountainroadknownastheCrowsnestHighway.Iwastextingupdatestomyfamilyandenjoyingtheview.Weweren’tawarethattherehadrecentlybeenfloodinginthearea.WhenIlookedupfrommyphone，Isawawaveofmudandahugetreeingdownthemountain，rightinfrontofGabe’scar.Hetriedtostop，butitwastoolate.Themudslidesentourcarfallingnearly300metersdownarockycliff（懸崖）andourcarlandedonitssideamongsometrees.Ididn’tknowho