2023-2024學(xué)年江蘇省溧陽市高一下學(xué)期期末教學(xué)質(zhì)量調(diào)研英語試題（解析版）

高級中學(xué)名校試卷PAGEPAGE2江蘇省溧陽市2023-2024學(xué)年高一下學(xué)期期末教學(xué)質(zhì)量調(diào)研英語試題第一部分聽力(略)第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)閱讀理解(共15小題,每小題2.5分,滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AThroughouthistory,womenhavemadesignificantcontributionstothefieldofscience.Itisessentialtoshedlightonthewomenofscience,astheirstrugglesandbreakthroughscontinuetoinspiregenerationsofscientists.AdaLovelaceAdaLovelace,thedaughterofthepoetLordByron,isoftenregardedastheworld’sfirstcomputerprogrammer.Herground-breakinginsightsandanalyticalskillsledhertowritethefirstalgorithm,imaginingthepotentialofthemachinetodomorethanjustcalculations.Lovelace’svisionmadeherwell-knownasapioneerinthefield.RosalindFranklinRosalindFranklin’sX-raycrystallographyimagesplayedavitalroleinunderstandingthestructureofDNA.Herdata,acquiredthroughresearch,wasusedbyJamesWatsonandFrancisCrickwithoutherpermissionoracknowledgment.Franklin’sinvaluablecontributionstogeneticsandbiologydeserverecognitionastheyprovidedthekeyinsightsintothebuildingblocksoflife,yethernameisoftenovershadowedbyhermalecolleagues.LiseMeitnerLiseMeitnermadeground-breakingdiscoveriesinnuclearscience.Meitner’scontributionstothisfieldarecelebratedtoday,asshepavedthewayforsignificantadvancementsinenergyproductionandscientificunderstanding.LiseMeitnercertainlydeservestheplaceshehasearnedinthehistoryofscience.MaryAnningMaryAnningmaderemarkablediscoveriesduringtheearly19thcenturyandwontherespectofthescientistsofhertime.Anningunearthedthefirstcompletebonesofanichthyosaur(魚龍).HerpioneeringworklaidthefoundationforthestudyofprehistoriclifeandhelpedshapeourunderstandingofEarth’shistory.1.Whomightbeaphysicist?A.AdaLovelace. B.RosalindFranklin.C.LiseMeitner. D.MaryAnning.2.WhatmadeAdaLovelacefamous?A.Herhardwork. B.Hergreatforesight.C.Hercompetitivespirit. D.Herhighintelligence.3.WhatdoweknowaboutRosalindFranklin?A.Shesetupgenetics. B.Sheisunderestimated.C.SheinventedtheX-raycrystallography. D.Shehelpedhercolleaguestoacquiredata.〖答案〗1.C2.B3.B【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了幾位對科學(xué)領(lǐng)域做出了重大貢獻(xiàn)的女性。【1題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)LiseMeitner段落中“LiseMeitnermadeground-breakingdiscoveriesinnuclearscience.(LiseMeitner在核科學(xué)方面有了突破性的發(fā)現(xiàn)。)”可知，LiseMeitner應(yīng)該是核物理學(xué)家。故選C項(xiàng)?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)AdaLovelace段落中“Herground-breakinginsightsandanalyticalskillsledhertowritethefirstalgorithm,imaginingthepotentialofthemachinetodomorethanjustcalculations.Lovelace’svisionmadeherwell-knownasapioneerinthefield.(她開創(chuàng)性的洞察力和分析能力使她寫出了第一個算法，想象了機(jī)器的潛力，不僅僅是計(jì)算。Lovelace的遠(yuǎn)見使她成為該領(lǐng)域的知名先驅(qū)。)”可知，是AdaLovelace的遠(yuǎn)見使她出名的。故選B項(xiàng)?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)RosalindFranklin段落中“Franklin’sinvaluablecontributionstogeneticsandbiologydeserverecognitionastheyprovidedthekeyinsightsintothebuildingblocksoflife,yethernameisoftenovershadowedbyhermalecolleagues.(Franklin對遺傳學(xué)和生物學(xué)的寶貴貢獻(xiàn)值得肯定，因?yàn)樗麄優(yōu)樯臉?gòu)成提供了關(guān)鍵的見解，但她的名字往往被她的男性同事所掩蓋。)”可知，RosalindFranklin被低估了。故選B項(xiàng)。BLiDanworksasateacheratEastChinaJiaotongUniversityinJiangxiProvince.Duringhersparetime,sherecreatesancientChinesedelicaciesthathavebeenallbutlosttohistory.LibeganworkingontheprojectinAugust2020,andsofarthemanytraditionaldishesshehascreatedincludemorethan60fromDreamoftheRedMansions,oneofChina’sfourgreatestclassicnovels.Torecreatethedishes,shehashadtorefertobooksontraditionalrecipes,agricultureandeventraditionalChinesemedicinetolearnandadopttraditionaltechniques.“I’velikedthenovelsinceIwasakidbecauseIwasalwaysimpressedbythefooddescribedinit.Itsillustrationofthedishesvividlyshowstheeleganceoflifeinthatera,soIhavebeentryingtorevivethem,”saidLi.“Imakethesedelicaciesinthehopethatmorepeoplewillreadthenovel.”Lisaysthatoneofthebiggestchallengesisrecreatingdishesthatrequirehighlyseasonalingredients.Ifallofhertrialdishesfailduringtheshortseason,sheneedstowaitoneyeartotryagain.Themostdifficultdishesshehaseverattemptedarechickenskinsoupwithpickledbambooshoots,anddriedeggplant.Ittookhermorethantwoweekstofinisheachofthedishes.“Clothingandbuildingscanallbewelllookedafter,whereasfoodcanseldombeconservedinmuseums.Forfood,modernpeoplehaveonlyancientaccountstoreferto,”shesaid.FoodisoneofmanyhighlightsintraditionalChineseculture.AsChinesecultureisincreasinglyacceptedbytheyoungergenerations,manyonlineinfluencerslikeLialsohavepostedvideosofthemselvesrecreatingancientChinesefood.Professionalchefshavealsobeenbringingcuisinesrecordedinancientbooksbacktolife,carryingforwardtraditionaltechniques.Throughtheirefforts,thecultureandfolkcustomsbehindtheplatearealsobeingbroughtback.4.WhydidLirecreatethedishesfromDreamoftheRedMansions?A.Togainmorefollowersonline. B.Toattractmorepeopletothebook.C.Tocarryforwardtraditionaltechniques.D.Tomakethedish-makingprocesssimple.5.WhatbringsLichallengeswhensherecreatestraditionaldishes?A.Herlackofexperienceincooking. B.Herbusyteachingjobatuniversity.C.Thehighcostsofsomeingredients. D.Theshortsupplytimeofsomeingredients.6.WhatdoweknowaboutthedishesrecreatedbyLi?A.Theycanbekeptinmuseums. B.Therearevideosaboutthemonline.C.Professionalchefsspeakhighlyofthem. D.TheyarefromChina’sfourclassicnovels.7.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.NewlifeoftraditionalChinesedishesB.AhobbyturnedintoasecondcareerC.MediainfluenceontraditionalChinesecultureD.TraditionalChinesefoodshinesontheworldstage〖答案〗4.B5.D6.B7.A【語篇解讀】本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道。文章主要講述了一名大學(xué)老師李丹在閑暇之余，重新制作那些幾乎已經(jīng)失傳的中國古代美食，到目前為止，她創(chuàng)造的傳統(tǒng)菜肴包括60多種來自中國四大古典小說之一《紅樓夢》的菜肴，這給中國傳統(tǒng)美食帶來了新的生機(jī)?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段““IvelikedthenovelsinceIwasakidbecauseIwasalwaysimpressedbythefooddescribedinit.Itsillustrationofthedishesvividlyshowstheeleganceoflifeinthatera,soIhavebeentryingtorevivethem,”saidLi.“Imakethesedelicaciesinthehopethatmorepeoplewillreadthenovel.”(‘我從小就喜歡這本小說，因?yàn)闀忻枋龅氖澄锟偸墙o我留下深刻印象。書中對菜肴的描繪生動地展現(xiàn)了那個時代生活的優(yōu)雅，所以我一直在努力重現(xiàn)它們，’李說?！易鲞@些美食是希望更多的人能讀到這本小說?！?”可知，李重現(xiàn)《紅樓夢》里的菜肴是為了吸引更多人關(guān)注這本書。故選B。【5題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中“Lisaysthatoneofthebiggestchallengesisrecreatingdishesthatrequirehighlyseasonalingredients.Ifallofhertrialdishesfailduringtheshortseason,sheneedstowaitoneyeartotryagain.

(李說，最大的挑戰(zhàn)之一是重新制作需要季節(jié)性食材的菜肴。如果她所有的試驗(yàn)菜肴在短暫的季節(jié)里都失敗了，她就需要等一年才能再次嘗試。)”可知，李在重現(xiàn)傳統(tǒng)菜肴時面臨的挑戰(zhàn)事有些食材供應(yīng)時間短。故選D?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中“AsChinesecultureisincreasinglyacceptedbytheyoungergenerations,manyonlineinfluencerslikeLialsohavepostedvideosofthemselvesrecreatingancientChinesefood.

(隨著中華文化越來越被年輕一代所接受，許多像李這樣的網(wǎng)絡(luò)紅人也發(fā)布了自己重現(xiàn)古代中國美食的視頻。)”可知，網(wǎng)上有關(guān)于李重現(xiàn)這些食物的視頻。故選B?！?題詳析】主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其是第一段“LiDanworksasateacheratEastChinaJiaotongUniversityinJiangxiProvince.Duringhersparetime,sherecreatesancientChinesedelicaciesthathavebeenallbutlosttohistory.(李丹是江西華東交通大學(xué)的一名教師。閑暇之余，她會重新制作那些幾乎已經(jīng)失傳的中國古代美食。)”和第二段中“ LibeganworkingontheprojectinAugust2020,andsofarthemanytraditionaldishesshehascreatedincludemorethan60fromDreamoftheRedMansions,oneofChina’sfourgreatestclassicnovels.(李于2020年8月開始從事該項(xiàng)目，到目前為止，她創(chuàng)造的傳統(tǒng)菜肴包括60多種來自中國四大古典小說之一《紅樓夢》的菜肴。)”以及最后一段中“Throughtheirefforts,thecultureandfolkcustomsbehindtheplatearealsobeingbroughtback.(通過他們的努力，盤子背后的文化和民俗也正在被帶回來。)”可知，文章主要講述了一名大學(xué)老師李丹在閑暇之余，重新制作那些幾乎已經(jīng)失傳的中國古代美食，到目前為止，她創(chuàng)造的傳統(tǒng)菜肴包括60多種來自中國四大古典小說之一《紅樓夢》的菜肴，這給中國傳統(tǒng)美食帶來了新的生機(jī)，A項(xiàng)“傳統(tǒng)中餐的新生命”適合作文章標(biāo)題，故選A。C“Thenewsis...thereisnonews.”Withthosewords,outsideStMary’sHospitalinLondonawaitingthebirthofPrinceGeorgeinJuly2013,myreportingfortheBBCwentviralontheInternet.NotforwhatIwassayingbutthewayIwassayingit.Thehelplesslook.Thedepressedtone.Viewerscouldrelatetome.Becausetheyarehuman.AndsoamI.Fedhaisnothuman.Yes,thefair-hairedwomanlookshuman.ThisweekshewasintroducedasthefirstpresenterinKuwaitwhoworksbyartificialintelligence.“Whatkindofnewsdoyouprefer?Let'shearyouropinions,”shesaysinArabic.AInewsreadersactuallynevermakeacock-upoftheirjobs.Theycanskipthemispronunciations,thecomplaintsoverfoundationcoloursinmakeup,andeventhestressesovertoo-weakhairspray.ToexaminetheproblemsthatmaycomewithanAInewsreader,IthoughtIwouldturnthetablesandaskGenie—thechatbotpoweredbyChatGPT.“Theymaystrugglewithdeliveringthenewsinawaythatisappealingtoviewers,”Geniesays.Igetthat.Asfarasdeliveringthenewsisconcerned,thefaceandvoicebehinditmatters.MyChatGPTfriendalsotellsmethatthereareconcernsaboutthepotentialforAInewsreaderstobeusedtospreadfalseinformation,astheymaynotbeabletodeterminethecorrectnessofastory’ssource.Notjustinthedeliveryofnews,butinitscontent.AIisalreadyinvolvedinthespreadof“untruenews”—andthatwillonlygetworse.Atatimewhentrustinnewsprovidersisreducing,thenextfewyearsthreatentobeverychallengingifthattrustistoberegained.OneofthemainconcernsaboutAInewsreadersisthattheylackthehumantouchandemotion.Ihavedeliveredsomeofthebiggeststories.Whetheritbeanairattackorthedeathofamajorfigure,it'snotjustthewordsthatmatter.Youneedtolookandsoundright.AnAInewsreadercannotconvey(傳達(dá))areactiontoabreakingstory.8.Howdidviewersreactaccordingtoparagraph1?A.Theyfoundthereportingconfusing. B.Theyfeltexcitedaboutthereporting.C.Theyconsideredtheauthorunprofessional. D.Theyknewtheauthor’sthoughtsandfeelings.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“makeacock-upof”inparagraph2mean?A.Talkabout. B.Makeafoolof.C.Keepaneyeon. D.Messup.10.WhatdoesGeniethinkofAInewsreaders?A.Theymaydelivermisleadingnews. B.Theycanlocatethesourceofanewsstory.C.Theyinteractwithviewersinanimproperway. D.Theywearthesamefacialexpressionsashumans.11.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthetext?A.TovoicehisdoubtaboutAInewsreaders. B.Tosharehisexperienceofbeingareporter.C.TointroduceanAInewsreadercalledFedha. D.ToshowChatGPT'simpactonnewsreporting.〖答案〗8.D9.D10.A11.A【語篇解讀】本文是一篇議論文。本文討論了人工智能新聞播報(bào)員的局限，特別是其缺乏人類情感和觸感的問題，以及對新聞?wù)鎸?shí)性和信任度的潛在影響。【8題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段最后三句“Viewerscouldrelatetome.Becausetheyarehuman.AndsoamI.”（觀眾們能夠理解我。因?yàn)樗麄兪侨祟?，而我也是。）可推斷觀眾通過作者無助的表情和沮喪的語調(diào)，能夠感受到作者當(dāng)時的想法和情感。因此，他們與作者產(chǎn)生了共鳴，理解了作者的心情。故選D。【9題詳析】短語猜測題。根據(jù)后文“Theycanskipthemispronunciations,thecomplaintsoverfoundationcoloursinmakeup,andeventhestressesovertoo-weakhairspray.”（它們可以跳過發(fā)音錯誤、對化妝粉底顏色的抱怨，甚至是對發(fā)膠不夠牢固的擔(dān)憂。），此處列舉了AI新聞播報(bào)員不會犯的一些常見錯誤，如發(fā)音錯誤、化妝顏色問題、以及頭發(fā)定型噴霧不足等問題，由此可推測前文強(qiáng)調(diào)的是AI新聞播報(bào)員不會在工作中犯錯，故選D。【10題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段第二句“MyChatGPTfriendalsotellsmethatthereareconcernsaboutthepotentialforAInewsreaderstobeusedtospreadfalseinformation,astheymaynotbeabletodeterminethecorrectnessofastory'ssource.Notjustinthedeliveryofnews,butinitscontent.

”（我的ChatGPT朋友還告訴我，人們擔(dān)心人工智能新聞播報(bào)員可能會被用來傳播虛假信息，因?yàn)樗麄兛赡軣o法確定新聞來源的正確性。不僅是在新聞傳遞方面，而且在新聞內(nèi)容方面。）可知，Genie認(rèn)為人工智能新聞播報(bào)員可能會傳播誤導(dǎo)性新聞。故選A。【11題詳析】寫作目的題。在文中，作者通過自己的親身經(jīng)歷，描述了人類新聞播報(bào)員在播報(bào)新聞時的情感和反應(yīng)，然后對比了人工智能新聞播報(bào)員的局限性，比如缺乏人類的情感和可能傳播虛假信息的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。作者通過提出這些問題和擔(dān)憂，表達(dá)了對人工智能新聞播報(bào)員能否有效地替代人類播報(bào)員的懷疑態(tài)度。故選A。DItisthoughtthatmusiccanbenefitkids’growth.Techniquesforintegrating(融入)musicintomathlessonsrangefromclappingtopieceswithdifferentrhythmswhenlearningnumbersandfractions,tousingmathtodesignmusicalinstruments.Previousresearchhasshownthatchildrenwhoarebetteratmusicalsodobetteratmath.Butwhetherteachingmusictoyoungstersactuallyimprovestheirmathtestscoreshasbeenlessclear.Tofindoutmore,TurkishresearcherDrAyeaAkin,carriedoutastudy.Shefirstreviewedtheresultsof55studiesfromaroundtheworld,involvingalmost78,000youngpeoplefromkindergartenerstouniversitystudents.Thensheclassifiedthetypesofmusicalinterventionineducation:standardizedmusicinterventions(typicalmusiclessons,inwhichchildrensingandlistento,andcomposemusic),instrumentalmusicalinterventions(lessonsinwhichchildrenlearnhowtoplayinstruments,eitherindividuallyoraspartofaband)andmusic-mathintegratedinterventions,inwhichmusicisintegratedintomathlessons.Finally,shecomparedstudents’mathtestresultsbeforeandaftertakingpartintheinterventions.Theresultshowsthattheuseofmusic,whetherinseparatelessonsoraspartofmathclasses,wasconnectedwithgreaterimprovementinmathovertime.Tobemorespecific,bothsubjectsrequireabstract(抽象的)thoughtandquantitativereasoning.Forexample,geometryandmusichavemuchincommon,suchastheuseofsymmetry(對稱).Arithmeticmaylenditselfparticularlywelltobeingtaughtthroughmusicbecausecentralconcepts,suchasfractionsandratios(比例),arealsoimportanttomusic.Integratedlessonsareespeciallyeffectivebecausetheyaremoreenjoyablethantraditionalmathlessonsandstudentscanfeellessnervousaboutmath.DrTaylorFrancis,anexpertineducation,said,“Thestudycangiveteachersarealinsightintobothmathandmusiceducation.However,thestudycanbemorethorough.Itshouldincludemorefactorssuchasstudents’gender(性別),socio-economicstatusandthelengthofmusicalinstructioninthestudy.”12.WhatmaybethetopicofDrAycaAkin’sstudy?A.Howmusiccanbeintegratedintomatheducation.B.Howmathinfluencesthedesignofmusicalinstruments.C.Howmusiceducationcanbenefitchildrenatanearlystage.D.Howmusicinfluencesstudents'academicperformanceinmath.13.Whatisparagraph2ofthetextmainlyabout?A.Theformsofmajormusiclessons. B.Thesignificanceofmusiclessons.C.TheprocessofDrAycaAkin’sstudy. D.Thedifferencesofmusicalinterventions.14.Whyareintegratedlessonsespeciallyeffective?A.Theycaneasestudents’anxietyaboutmath.B.Theycanteachintegratingmathtostudents.C.Theycanmakeabstractideaseasytounderstand.D.Theycanmakestudentsconnectmusictogeometry.15.WhatisDrTaylorFrancis’attitudetowardsthestudy?A.Positive. B.Negative. C.Objective. D.Unclear.〖答案〗12.D13.C14.A15.C【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了土耳其研究者Dr.Ay?aAkin進(jìn)行的一項(xiàng)關(guān)于音樂如何影響學(xué)生數(shù)學(xué)成績的研究。【12題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Butwhetherteachingmusictoyoungstersactuallyimprovestheirmathtestscoreshasbeenlessclear.Tofindoutmore,TurkishresearcherDrAyeaAkin,carriedoutastudy.(但是，教授年輕人音樂是否真的能提高他們的數(shù)學(xué)考試成績還不太清楚。為了了解更多，土耳其研究員艾亞·阿金博士進(jìn)行了一項(xiàng)研究)”可知，DrAycaAkin的研究主題可能是音樂如何影響學(xué)生在數(shù)學(xué)方面的學(xué)業(yè)成績。故選D項(xiàng)?！?3題詳析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段“Shefirstreviewedtheresultsof55studiesfromaroundtheworld,involvingalmost78,000youngpeoplefromkindergartenerstouniversitystudents.Thensheclassifiedthetypesofmusicalinterventionineducation:standardizedmusicinterventions(typicalmusiclessons,inwhichchildrensingandlistento,andcomposemusic),instrumentalmusicalinterventions(lessonsinwhichchildrenlearnhowtoplayinstruments,eitherindividuallyoraspartofaband)andmusic-mathintegratedinterventions,inwhichmusicisintegratedintomathlessons.Finally,shecomparedstudents’mathtestresultsbeforeandaftertakingpartintheinterventions(她首先回顧了來自全球的55項(xiàng)研究結(jié)果，這些研究涉及了從幼兒園到大學(xué)生的近78,000名年輕人。然后，她將教育中的音樂干預(yù)類型進(jìn)行了分類：標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化音樂干預(yù)（典型的音樂課程，孩子們在其中唱歌、聽音樂和作曲）、器樂音樂干預(yù)（課程中孩子們學(xué)習(xí)如何演奏樂器，無論是個人還是作為樂隊(duì)的一部分）以及音樂-數(shù)學(xué)綜合干預(yù)，即在數(shù)學(xué)課程中融入音樂。最后，她比較了學(xué)生們在參與這些干預(yù)前后的數(shù)學(xué)測試結(jié)果)”可知，第二段主要講述了主要描述了DrAycaAkin的研究過程：她首先回顧了相關(guān)研究結(jié)果，對教育中的音樂干預(yù)類型進(jìn)行分類，最后比較學(xué)生參與干預(yù)前后的數(shù)學(xué)測試結(jié)果。故選C項(xiàng)?！?4題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Integratedlessonsareespeciallyeffectivebecausetheyaremoreenjoyablethantraditionalmathlessonsandstudentscanfeellessnervousaboutmath.(綜合課程特別有效，因?yàn)樗鼈儽葌鹘y(tǒng)的數(shù)學(xué)課程更有趣，學(xué)生可以減少對數(shù)學(xué)的緊張感。)”可知，綜合課程特別有效是因?yàn)樗鼈儽葌鹘y(tǒng)數(shù)學(xué)課更有趣，能減輕學(xué)生對數(shù)學(xué)的焦慮。故選A項(xiàng)?！?5題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“DrTaylorFrancis,anexpertineducation,said,“Thestudycangiveteachersarealinsightintobothmathandmusiceducation.However,thestudycanbemorethorough.Itshouldincludemorefactorssuchasstudents’gender(性別),socio-economicstatusandthelengthofmusicalinstructioninthestudy.”(教育專家泰勒·弗朗西斯博士表示：‘這項(xiàng)研究可以讓教師真正了解數(shù)學(xué)和音樂教育。然而，這項(xiàng)研究可以更加深入。它應(yīng)該包括更多因素，如學(xué)生的性別、社會經(jīng)濟(jì)地位以及音樂教育的時長。’)”可知，DrTaylorFrancis既肯定了研究的價(jià)值，又指出了其不足，態(tài)度是客觀的。故選C項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)七選五(共5小題,每小題2.5分,滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Ethics(道德規(guī)范)areconcernedwithpeople'smoralactions.Onetypeofethicsisschoolethics.____16____Theyincludestudents,teachersandadministrators.Ethicsdesignedforeachofthesegroupsareusuallycreatedwithintheinstitution,throughprofessionalorganizations,orbyboth.Schoolethicsprovideethicalstandardspeopleareexpectedtofollowinrelationtoworkingwithothersandinthedecision-makingprocess.Ethicsalsobringconsequencestothosewhodon’tfollowschoolethics.Thesemoralrulesaresignificant.____17____Moreover,theyencouragepeopletosupporteachotherandsupporttheschoolwithsomespecialrequirementsdesignedforthem.____18____Particularly,studentsmustrespecttheirpeers,teachersandadministrators.Additionally,schoolethicsrequirestudentstorespecttheirinstitutionswhichthey’readmittedinto.Oneofthemostsignificantfactorsconcerningstudentsandethicsinschoolsisplagiarism(剽竊)—studentsarerequiredtohandinworkthatisuniquelytheirownandbepreparedtosufferconsequencesifitisnot.Teachersandadministratorsareethicallyguidedthroughprofessionalandinstitutionalethicalcodes.Theytypicallyarerequiredtocreatealearningenvironmentthatpromoteshighethicalstandardsforstudentsthroughmodelingandinstruction.Moreover,teachersandadministratorsshouldcreateasafeandfairlearningenvironment.____19____Educatorsarealsorequiredtoshowhighethicalstandardsintheircommunicationwithparents,peers,students,etc.Buildingtrustisanessentialpartoftheseinteractions.Teachersandadministratorsareethicallyexpectedtomaintaintheirprofessionaltrainingandtopresentthemselvesasrepresentativesoftheschoolinanethicalmanner.____20____Butmostoftheeducatorsaresupportiveoftheseethics.A.Besides,therulescanbeinteresting.B.Whyshouldstudentsfollowtheethics?C.Whatareschoolethics’requirementsforstudents?D.Tostrictlyfollowalltheethicscanbechallenging.E.Theyhelpcreateanatmosphereoftrust,honesty,etc.F.Generally,suchethicsapplytoallpeopleinaschool.G.Thus,allstudentscanhaveequaleducationalchancestoachievesuccess.〖答案〗16.F17.E18.C19.G20.D【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文。短文介紹了學(xué)校道德規(guī)范的重要性。【16題詳析】根據(jù)下文“Theyincludestudents,teachersandadministrators.”（他們包括學(xué)生、教師和行政人員）可知，下文具體說明了道德規(guī)范適用的人群。故選項(xiàng)承接下文與道德規(guī)范適用的人群有關(guān)。allpeopleinaschool呼應(yīng)students,teachersandadministrators。故F選項(xiàng)“一般來說，這種道德規(guī)范適用于學(xué)校里的所有人”切題。故選F項(xiàng)。【17題詳析】根據(jù)上文“Thesemoralrulesaresignificant.”（這些道德準(zhǔn)則意義重大）和下文“Moreover,theyencouragepeopletosupporteachotherandsupporttheschoolwithsomespecialrequirementsdesignedforthem.”（此外，它們鼓勵人們相互支持，并為他們設(shè)計(jì)一些特殊的要求來支持學(xué)校）可知，選項(xiàng)和下文都是說明道德規(guī)范重要的原因。故E選項(xiàng)“它們有助于創(chuàng)造一種信任、誠實(shí)等的氛圍。”切題。故選E項(xiàng)?！?8題詳析】根據(jù)下文“Particularly,studentsmustrespecttheirpeers,teachersandadministrators.Additionally,schoolethicsrequirestudentstorespecttheirinstitutionswhichthey’readmittedinto.”（特別是，學(xué)生必須尊重他們的同齡人、老師和行政人員。此外，學(xué)校道德要求學(xué)生尊重他們被錄取的機(jī)構(gòu)。）可知，本段是說明道德規(guī)范對學(xué)生的要求。故C選項(xiàng)“學(xué)校道德對學(xué)生的要求是什么?”切題。故選C項(xiàng)?！?9題詳析】根據(jù)上文“Moreover,teachersandadministratorsshouldcreateasafeandfairlearningenvironment.”（此外，教師和管理者應(yīng)該創(chuàng)造一個安全公平的學(xué)習(xí)環(huán)境。）可知，選項(xiàng)承接上文說明創(chuàng)造一個安全公平的學(xué)習(xí)環(huán)境帶來的好的結(jié)果是什么。故G選項(xiàng)“因此，所有學(xué)生都有平等的獲得成功的教育機(jī)會?！鼻蓄}。故選G項(xiàng)?！?0題詳析】根據(jù)下文“Butmostoftheeducatorsaresupportiveoftheseethics.”（但大多數(shù)教育工作者都支持這些道德規(guī)范）可知，選項(xiàng)與下文為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系說明嚴(yán)格遵循這些道德規(guī)范是不容易的。故D選項(xiàng)“嚴(yán)格遵守所有的道德規(guī)范是具有挑戰(zhàn)性的”符合語境。alltheethics呼應(yīng)下文theseethics。故選D項(xiàng)。第三部分語言運(yùn)用(共三節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)完形填空(共15小題，每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。ShanePorterknewclearlythathewasdyingofcancerwhenheonedaycamehomewitharusty(生銹的)1969JeepsterCommando.Heplannedto____21____it.Anditwasintendedtobea(n)____22____activitythathecouldworkonwithhiswifeandtheirtwosonsfortherestofhistime.Thefamily____23____theprojectandfixedthevehicleuntilShanePorterdiedafterthreeyears.Thefamilycouldn’tfinishtheproject,buttheycouldn’timagine____24____thecareither.Ithasemotionalvalue.Sothecarsatthere—untillastMay,whenBobMauger,aclosefamilyfriend,noticeditandsawa(n)____25____.“Thiswouldbeagoodprojectformystudentstocomplete,”Maugerthought,anautomotivetechnologyteacher.Hesharedthe____26____withhisclass,andthestudentswere____27____onboard.Therestoration(整修)ofthevehiclewastheclass’mostsignificantproject____28____themeaningbehindit.Italsoprovedmore____29____thanthestudentshadexpectedwithenginepartsmissingandcoolingsystemissues.Ittook15monthsto_____30_____alltheproblems.Manystudentsspenttheirfreetimeontheprojectandsomeevencontinued_____31_____theprojectaftertheygraduated.Eventually,thecar_____32_____.Itbecamedrivableandsafe.Thestudents_____33_____therevivedJeepstertothefamily,causingtearsofgratitude(感激)andemotion.“Iknowthey’llhavethatcarforalongtime.Itfeels_____34_____.”JudahCastillo,astudent,said.ForthePorters,therevivedcarismorethanjustavehicle;itisthe_____35_____ofShanePorter’slifeandthestudents’devotion.21.A.repaint B.repair C.replace D.return22.A.bonding B.training C.uplifting D.wide-ranging23.A.expanded B.monitored C.postponed D.conducted24.A.gettingholdof B.gettingridof C.gettingreadyfor D.gettingusedto25.A.transformation B.opportunity C.challenge D.responsibility26.A.discovery B.adventure C.kindness D.idea27.A.unwillingly B.thankfully C.enthusiastically D.obviously28.A.insteadof B.inspiteof C.becauseof D.incaseof29.A.complicated B.changeable C.technical D.practical30.A.record B.schedule C.address D.question31.A.contributingto B.respondingto C.applyingto D.adaptingto32.A.approached B.crashed C.stopped D.functioned33.A.explained B.promised C.presented D.lent34.A.surprising B.rewarding C.amusing D.confusing35.A.highlight B.power C.beginning D.symbol〖答案〗21.B22.A23.D24.B25.B26.D27.C28.C29.A30.C31.A32.D33.C34.B35.D【語篇解讀】這是一篇記敘文。短文敘述了一群學(xué)機(jī)械的學(xué)生幫助過世的肖恩·波特修理他的汽車，實(shí)現(xiàn)他夙愿的故事?！?1題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：他打算修理它。A.repaint重畫；B.repair修理；C.replace取代；D.return返回。根據(jù)下文“fixedthevehicle”可知，他打算修理汽車。故選B項(xiàng)?！?2題詳析】考查名詞和形容詞詞義辨析。句意：這是一項(xiàng)增進(jìn)人與人之間的關(guān)系的活動，他可以在余下的時間里與妻子和兩個兒子一起工作。A.bonding人與人之間的關(guān)系；B.training訓(xùn)練；C.uplifting令人振奮的；D.wide-ranging廣泛的。根據(jù)下文“hecouldworkonwithhiswifeandtheirtwosonsfortherestofhistime.”可知，這是一項(xiàng)增進(jìn)人與人之間的關(guān)系的活動。故選A項(xiàng)【23題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：這家人一直在實(shí)施這個計(jì)劃，維修這輛車，直到三年后肖恩·波特去世。A.expanded擴(kuò)張；B.monitored監(jiān)測；C.postponed延期；D.conducted實(shí)施。根據(jù)下文“theprojectandfixedthevehicle”可知，這家人一直在實(shí)施這個計(jì)劃。故選D項(xiàng)。【24題詳析】考查動詞短語詞義辨析。句意：這個家庭無法完成這個項(xiàng)目，但他們也無法想象把車丟掉。A.gettingholdof獲得（某物）；B.gettingridof消除，處理，丟掉；C.gettingreadyfor準(zhǔn)備好；D.gettingusedto習(xí)慣于。根據(jù)上文“Thefamilycouldn’tfinishtheproject”和下文“Sothecarsatthere”可知，家人無法完成計(jì)劃，也無法把破舊的車丟掉。所以車一直就擱置在那里。故選B項(xiàng)?！?5題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：于是，這輛車就一直停在那里，直到去年5月，一位密友鮑勃·莫格注意到了它，看到了一個機(jī)會，“這將是我的學(xué)生們完成的一個好項(xiàng)目，”身為汽車技術(shù)教師的莫格想。A.transformation改觀；B.opportunity機(jī)會；C.challenge挑戰(zhàn)；D.responsibility責(zé)任。根據(jù)下文“Thiswouldbeagoodprojectformystudentstocomplete”可知，這是一個完美讓學(xué)生發(fā)揮余熱的機(jī)會。故選B項(xiàng)?！?6題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他把這個想法告訴了全班同學(xué)，同學(xué)們都很熱情地接受了他的想法。A.discovery發(fā)現(xiàn)；B.adventure冒險(xiǎn)；C.kindness善意；D.idea觀點(diǎn)。根據(jù)上文“‘Thiswouldbeagoodprojectformystudentstocomplete,’Maugerthought”可知，他把這個想法和學(xué)生們分享了。故選D項(xiàng)?！?7題詳析】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：他把這個想法告訴了全班同學(xué)，同學(xué)們都很熱情地加入了。A.unwillingly不愿意地；B.thankfully感謝地；C.enthusiastically熱情地；D.obviously明顯地。根據(jù)下文“Manystudentsspenttheirfreetimeontheprojectandsomeevencontinued_______theprojectaftertheygraduated.”可知，學(xué)生們對此想法很熱情。故選C項(xiàng)?！?8題詳析】考查固定短語詞義辨析。句意：由于其背后的意義，這輛車的修復(fù)是這個班級最重要的項(xiàng)目。A.insteadof而不是；B.inspiteof盡管；C.becauseof由于；D.incaseof萬一。表示因果關(guān)系，用短語becauseof。故選C項(xiàng)?！?9題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：事實(shí)也證明，由于發(fā)動機(jī)部件缺失和冷卻系統(tǒng)問題，情況比學(xué)生們預(yù)期的要復(fù)雜得多。A.complicated復(fù)雜的；B.changeable可改變的；C.technical技術(shù)的；D.practical實(shí)際的。根據(jù)下文“withenginepartsmissingandcoolingsystemissues.”可知，修理破舊的汽車比想象的要復(fù)雜。故選A項(xiàng)?！?0題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：他們花了15個月的時間來解決所有問題。A.record記錄；B.schedule安排；C.address設(shè)法解決；D.question詢問。根據(jù)上文“withenginepartsmissingandcoolingsystemissues.”可知，有問題所以要設(shè)法解決。故選C項(xiàng)。【31題詳析】考查動詞短語詞義辨析。句意：許多學(xué)生把業(yè)余時間都花在了這個項(xiàng)目上，有些人甚至在畢業(yè)后繼續(xù)為這個項(xiàng)目做貢獻(xiàn)。A.contributingto促成，貢獻(xiàn)；B.respondingto回應(yīng)；C.applyingto應(yīng)用于；D.adaptingto適應(yīng)。根據(jù)下文“students’devotion”可知，有些人甚至在畢業(yè)后繼續(xù)為這個項(xiàng)目做貢獻(xiàn)。故選A項(xiàng)?！?2題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：最終，汽車啟動了。A.approached接近；B.crashed撞車；C.stopped停止；D.functioned工作，運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)。根據(jù)下文“Itbecamedrivableandsafe.”可知，最終，汽車啟動了。故選D項(xiàng)。【33題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：學(xué)生們把這輛修復(fù)的吉普斯特送給了這家人，使他們感動得流下了感激和感動的眼淚。A.explained解釋；B.promised承諾；C.presented呈現(xiàn)；D.lent借。根據(jù)下文“causingtearsofgratitude(感激)andemotion.”可知，汽車修理完畢，所以歸還給了這家人。故選C項(xiàng)?！?4題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：這感覺很有意義。A.surprising令人驚訝的；B.rewarding值得的，有意義的；C.amusing有趣的；D.confusing令人困惑的。根據(jù)上文“Iknowthey’llhavethatcarforalongtime.”可知，那家人會珍藏那輛車，故學(xué)生感覺自己的付出很有意義。故選B項(xiàng)?！?5題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：對波特夫婦來說，修復(fù)的汽車不僅僅是一輛車；它是肖恩·波特一生和學(xué)生奉獻(xiàn)精神的象征。A.highlight最好（或最精彩、最激動人心）的部分；B.power力量；C.beginning開始；D.symbol象征。破舊的汽車凝聚了肖恩·波特的愿望和學(xué)生們的努力，所以這是一種象征。故選D項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)語法填空(共18小題，每小題1分，滿分10分)閱讀下面兩個透段，在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Thespace-timepainterwrittenbyChinesewriterHaiYa,wontheHugoAwardforBestNoveletteatthe81stWorldScienceFictionConvention,heldinChengdu.HaibecamethethirdChinesewriter____36____(win)theaward,followingsci-fiwritersLiuCixinandHaoJingfang.Thespace-timepainter____37____(publish)in2022.Haidrew____38____(inspire)fromthelifeexperienceofWangXimengduringtheNorthernSongperiod(960-1127),whowasa____39____(talent)Chinesepainterandcreatedthe12-meter-longlandscapepainting“OneThousandLiofRiversandMountains.”Ittellsastoryaboutthepoliticalpowerstruggleofthetime____40____(combine)withdiverseelementssuchasChinesetraditionalculture,historyandsciencefiction.Inthisstory,Haididhisbesttobalancetherelationshipbetweenstory,charactersandhistory,____41____(hope)tobringreadersamaturework.Hai,also