高考總復(fù)習(xí)英語（人教版）教師用書選修8Unit1Alandofdiversity

Unit1(對應(yīng)學(xué)生用書P182)[話題單詞]1．culturen． 文化2．racismn. 種族歧視3．federaladj. 聯(lián)邦的，聯(lián)邦政府的4．legaladj. 法律的，法定的，合法的，正當(dāng)?shù)?．influencevt./n. 影響6．a(chǎn)bolishvt. 廢除，取消7．customn. 習(xí)俗8．locatev. 使……坐落于9．location/positionn. 位置10．ministern. 牧師，部長11．policyn. 政策，方針；保險(xiǎn)單12．restrictionn. 限制；限定；約束13．unconditionaladj. 無條件的，無保留的，絕對的14．principlen. 原則，原理，觀念15．a(chǎn)ggressiveadj. 侵略的，好攻擊的；有進(jìn)取心的[話題短語]1．bedividedinto分成2．withapopulationof有……的人口3．consistof/bemadeupof由……組成4．culturalsymbols文化標(biāo)志5．culturalbackground文化背景6．a(chǎn)tadistanceof在……的距離7．wayoflife生活方式8．settledown定居9．followacustom遵循習(xí)俗10．cultureshock文化沖擊11．a(chǎn)plicatedsocialphenomenon復(fù)雜的社會(huì)現(xiàn)象12．socialstatus社會(huì)地位13．makeitaruletodosth.做某事成為規(guī)定14．liveinharmony和諧生活15．sentencesb.todeath判某人死刑16．senseofresponsibility責(zé)任感[話題佳句]1．ItisthefirsttimethatIhavegonetoAmerica.IbelievethatIcouldmunicatewithAmericansfluently.那是我第一次到美國。我相信自己能流利地同美國人交流。2．However，onmyarrivalinAmerica，Iwasnumbwithshock.Icouldn’tunderstandtheirlanguage.IrealizedthatImustadjustmyselftothenewsurroundingsassoonaspossible.可是，一到美國，我就驚呆了：我聽不懂美國人的話。我意識到必須盡快調(diào)節(jié)自己以適應(yīng)新的環(huán)境。3．AlectureaboutAmericanculturewasgivenlastweekbyourforeignteacher，whichattractedlotsofteachersandstudentstoattend.上周我們的外教老師做了一個(gè)關(guān)于美國文化的講座，吸引了很多老師和學(xué)生來參加。[佳作背誦]假定你是李華，你校英文報(bào)“外國文化”欄目擬刊登美國節(jié)日風(fēng)俗和中學(xué)生生活的短文。請給你的美國朋友彼得寫一封信約稿，要點(diǎn)如下：1．欄目介紹；2．稿件內(nèi)容；3．稿件長度：約100詞；4．交稿日期：6月28日前。[佳作欣賞]DearPeter，I’dliketoaskyoutowriteanarticleforourschool’sEnglishnewspaper.The“ForeignCultures”sectioninournewspaperisverypopularamongusstudents.Itcarriesarticleswrittenbyforeignfriendsabouttheculturesoftheirhomecountries.WouldyoupleasewritesomethingaboutthecultureinyourpartoftheUnitedStates？AndwewouldespeciallywelearticlesabouthowAmericansspendtheirholidaysandfestivals，andthelifeofAmericanhighschoolstudents.Youcanwriteanythingrelevantsolongasit’sinterestingandinformative.400wordswouldbefine.CouldwehaveyourarticlebeforeJune28?I’mlookingforwardtohearingfromyou.Yours，LiHua(對應(yīng)學(xué)生用書P183)一．高考單詞→識記·思考·運(yùn)用1．核心詞匯①electvt.選擇；決定做某事；選舉__election__n．選擇；選舉②__grasp__vt.&n．抓??；掌握；領(lǐng)會(huì)③__customs__n．海關(guān)；關(guān)稅__custom__n．風(fēng)俗④__occur__vi.發(fā)生；出現(xiàn)⑤indicatevt.指出；標(biāo)示；表明；暗示__indication__n．標(biāo)示；表明；暗示⑥__hire__vt.&n．租用；雇用⑦_(dá)_reform__vt.&vi.改革；革新n.改革；改造；改良⑧meansn．方法；手段__mean__vt.意味著__meaning__n．意義2．?？荚~匯①majorityn．__大多數(shù)；大半__minorityn．__少數(shù)__②applicantn．__申請人__applyvi.__申請__applicationn．__申請書；申請__③apparentadj.__顯而易見的；顯然的__apparentlyadv.__顯然地；顯而易見地__④conductorn．__列車員，指揮__conductvt.__指揮，指導(dǎo)__⑤boomn．&vi.__(人口、貿(mào)易的)繁榮；經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展__用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1．Justlastyear，I__wasconducting__(conduct)aworkshopwhensomeoneknockedattheclassroomdoor.(2017·全國卷Ⅱ)2．InthenorthofIndia，thepopulation__isbooming__(boom)duetohighbirthrates，butinthesouth，wheremosteconomicdevelopmentistakingplace，birthrateisfallingrapidly.(2017·江蘇卷)3．Taylor__willapply__(application)tocollegesoon.Shewantstobeanurse.(2017·北京卷)4．Jackwasworkinginthelabwhenthepowercut__occurred__(occur)．(2016·北京卷)5．FrankHurley，aconfidentandgiftedAustralianphotographerwhoknewtheAntarctic，__washired__(hire)tomaketheimages，mostofwhichhaveneverbeforebeenpublished.(2016·全國卷Ⅱ)6．WhenI’mwritingatextbook，ithasbeesecondnaturetocheckadozendefinitionsofakeyterm，whichhelpsmedigintothecoreandunderstandits__meaning__(mean)．(2016·江蘇卷)7．Researchfindingsseem__toindicate__(indicate)thatthecreationbyagreatartistisaspermanentanachievementasthediscoverybyagreatscientist.(2015·重慶卷)8．Besides，IhavesuchagoodmandofEnglishthatI__amelected__(elect)asassistanttomyEnglishteacher.(2015·陜西卷)?“抓住”家族①grasp抓住，掌握，領(lǐng)會(huì)②master抓住，掌握，領(lǐng)會(huì)③seize抓；捉；捕；奪；搶；劫掠；掠奪④snatch搶，抓??；搶去，奪去，攫取(away；off；up；down；from)⑤takeholdof抓?、辡rab攫取，抓取；抓??；搶奪，霸占⑦capture捕獲，奪得；俘獲，擄掠，掠奪?“選擇”速覽①choosevt.選擇②choicen．選擇③selectvt.選擇；挑選；選拔④electvt.推選；選(舉)某人任某職⑤electionn．選舉，選出，當(dāng)選⑥optionn．選擇，取舍，選擇權(quán)；可選擇的東西⑦pickout選出⑧votevt.&vi.選舉；投票?學(xué)會(huì)“道歉與原諒”①apologise/apologizevi.道歉；謝罪②apologyn．道歉；辯解③excusevt.原諒，寬?、躥orgivevt.原諒，饒恕，寬恕⑤pardonn．原諒，饒恕，寬?、農(nóng)egretn．遺憾，抱歉⑦forgetit不要介意⑧nevermind不介意⑨t(yī)akeiteasy放松，不要緊張二．重點(diǎn)短語→識記·思考·運(yùn)用1．動(dòng)詞＋介詞(副詞)①live__on__繼續(xù)存在；繼續(xù)生存②keep__up__堅(jiān)持；維持；沿襲(風(fēng)俗、傳統(tǒng)等)③mark__out__用線畫出范圍；標(biāo)出……界線④take__in__包括；吸收⑤apply__for__申請；請示得到⑥teamup__with__與……合作或一起工作2．其他形式①__a__great/goodmany許多；很多②__by__meansof...用……辦法；借助……③__make__alife謀生；習(xí)慣于新的生活方式、工作等④backto__back__背靠背用左欄所給短語的適當(dāng)形式填空1．Whomshouldyoucontactifyouwantto__applyfor__thejobinRockville？(2016·四川卷)2．Itishonorableto__makealife__withyourhandswhiledependingonothersisashame.3．Afterseeing__agreatmany__homelesspeopleinthestreets，IthoughtIshoulddosomethingforthem.4．To__keepup__goodrelationshipswithyourteachersandclassmates，youshouldlearntobeongoodtermswiththem.5．Johnpreferredtogointobusinessaloneratherthan__markedout__anyoneelse.6．Thepolicelookedintothecasecarefullyandfoundthethiefhadenteredthehouse__bymeansof__aladder.?“很多”再回顧alotof；lotsof；anumberof；aquantityof；quantitiesof；agood/greatmany；dozensof；scoresof；manya；morethanone；the/amajorityof?“動(dòng)詞＋out”短語再記①bringout闡釋；說明；出版②carryout完成；實(shí)施計(jì)劃③eout出現(xiàn)；傳出：表露；達(dá)到④helpout幫助克服困難⑤giveout用盡；耗盡⑥turnout證明⑦workout計(jì)算出；擬定出；解決⑧runout用完⑨setout啟程；出發(fā)三．佳句選粹——在解讀中學(xué)懂，在仿寫中學(xué)通背原句學(xué)句型練仿寫1.However，itislikelythatNativeAmericanswerelivinginCaliforniaatleastfifteenthousandyearsago.然而，可能至少在15000年前美洲土著人就住在加利福尼亞了。itislikelythat...“有可能……”。對我們學(xué)生而言參觀長城有可能是一次難忘的經(jīng)歷。__Itislikelythat__avisittotheGreatWallforusstudentsisanunforgettableexperience.2.Thatiswhytodayover40%ofCaliforniansspeakSpanishasafirstorsecondlanguage.那就是今天有超過40%的加利福尼亞人把西班牙語作為第一或第二語言的原因。Thatiswhy...“那就是……的原因”。他迷戀電腦游戲，那就是他不得不輟學(xué)的原因。Heisaddictedtoputergames，and__thatiswhyhehasto__dropoutofschool.3.Itisbelievedthatbeforelongthemixofnationalitieswillbesogreatthattherewillbenodistinctmajorracialorculturalgroups，butsimplyamixtureofmanyracesandcultures.人們認(rèn)為，要不了多久，多種國籍的混合將會(huì)非常之大，以至于不可能存在一種明顯的、主要的種族或文化群體，而只是多種族、多文化的混合體。Itisbelievedthat...“人們認(rèn)為/相信……”，其構(gòu)成為：It＋be＋過去分詞＋that從句。人們認(rèn)為澳大利亞的歷史始于18世紀(jì)末期。__Itisbelievedthat__Australianhistorybeganattheendoftheeighteenthcentury.(對應(yīng)學(xué)生用書P184)meansn．手段；方法bymeansof...用……辦法；借助……bythismeans用這種方法byallmeans務(wù)必，一定，當(dāng)然可以byanymeans無論如何，以一切可能的手段bynomeans絕不，無論如何也不ameansofmunication一種通訊/交流手段①(教材原句)ScientistsbelievethatthesesettlerscrossedtheBeringStraitintheArctictoAmericabymeansofalandbridgewhichexistedinprehistorictimes.科學(xué)家們認(rèn)為，這些遷居者通過一條史前時(shí)期曾經(jīng)存在的大陸橋穿越北極地區(qū)的白令海峽到達(dá)美洲。②Punishmentis__by__nomeansawisechoicetohelpstudentsgrowupmentallyandphysically.懲罰絕對不是幫助學(xué)生身心成長的明智選擇。means用作“方式；方法”時(shí)單復(fù)數(shù)同形。若all/some/several/manymeans作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；若every/each/one/ameans作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。③Everypossiblemeans__hasbeentried__(try)，butnoneworked.＝Allpossiblemeans__havebeentried__(try)，butnoneworked.各種可能的辦法都嘗試了，但沒有一種奏效。majorityn．大多數(shù)；大半(1)themajorityof……的大多數(shù)ina/themajority占大多數(shù)haveamajorityoversb.擁有多數(shù)……；戰(zhàn)勝某人(2)minorityn．少數(shù)intheminority占少數(shù)(3)majoradj.主要的；vi.專修；主攻n.專業(yè)majorin主修①(教材原句)OfthefirstSpanishtogotoCalifornia，themajoritywerereligiousmen，whoseministrywastoteachtheCatholicreligiontothenatives.在首批移居加州的西班牙人中，大部分是宗教人士，他們的職責(zé)是向土著人傳授天主教。②__A/The__majorityofdoctorsagreethatsmokingisextremelyharmfultohealth.大多數(shù)醫(yī)生認(rèn)為吸煙對健康極為有害。③單句語法填空(2017·江蘇卷)Decliningbirthrateisa__major__(majority)probleminmanydevelopingregionstoo，whichmightcausecatastrophicglobalshortagesofworkforcewithinafewdecades.(1)majority為可數(shù)名詞，意為greatnumber，指可數(shù)的概念，不指量(amount)。themajority作主語時(shí)，如果泛指多數(shù)(與少數(shù)相對)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式和單數(shù)形式皆可。(2)themajorityof＋名詞，表示“多數(shù)，許多”，其后的謂語動(dòng)詞取決于of之后的名詞。(3)majority常由great(但不是greater)修飾，表示“mostof”。只有在談到兩個(gè)“大多數(shù)”(twomajorities)時(shí)使用greater。occurvi.發(fā)生；存在；出現(xiàn)(1)occurto(主意或想法突然)浮現(xiàn)于腦中；被想起，被想到Itoccurstosb.todosth.使某人想到做某事(2)eq\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(sth.occurstosb.,sth.strikessb.,sthestosb.,Itoccurstosb.that—clause,Itstrikessb.that—clause))某人突然想起……(3)sbeupwithsth.某人想出(答案，計(jì)劃)①(教材原句)Yes.Itdidn’toccurtomethat...是的，我沒想到……②Justthenanidea__occurred__(occur)tome.就在那時(shí)我想起了一個(gè)主意。③單句語法填空(2017·江蘇卷)Agreatdeclineinyoungworkforceislikely__tooccur__(occur)inChina，forinstance.(1)表達(dá)“發(fā)生”之意時(shí)，occur與happen可以互換；另外occur，happen，takeplace，breakout等表示“發(fā)生；爆發(fā)”的單詞或短語都不能用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)或進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。(2)occur結(jié)構(gòu)中主語不能是人，而是想到的事情或it作形式主語。makealife習(xí)慣于新的生活方式、工作等；謀生(1)etolife蘇醒；變得活躍live/leada．..life過著……生活ebacktolife蘇醒過來；恢復(fù)生氣bring...backtolife使……蘇醒過來；給……活力start/makeanewlife開始新生活(2)make/earna/one’sliving謀生①(教材原句)Somediedorreturnedhome，butmostremainedinCaliforniatomakealifeforthemselvesdespitegreathardship.有些人死了或回家了，但是大多數(shù)人留在加利福尼亞謀生，盡管困難重重。②Whenthegirlfinallycame__to__life，webegantobreatheeasily.這個(gè)女孩蘇醒后我們才放心。③Thenewteacheralwaysbroughttheclassto