版權(quán)說明:本文檔由用戶提供并上傳,收益歸屬內(nèi)容提供方,若內(nèi)容存在侵權(quán),請(qǐng)進(jìn)行舉報(bào)或認(rèn)領(lǐng)
文檔簡(jiǎn)介
高中所有的化學(xué)方程式及現(xiàn)象匯總
高中復(fù)習(xí)方程式最重要,下面整理了一些常用的各類方程式供大家參
考,包括金屬單質(zhì)、非金屬單質(zhì)、電解方程式、電離方程式、酸堿鹽
化學(xué)方程式、等各種高中化學(xué)方程式:
II非金屬單質(zhì)
非金屬單質(zhì)(F2,C12,02,S,N2,P,C,Si,H)
1、氧化性:
F2+H2===2HF(陰暗處爆炸)
F2+Xe(過量)==XeF2
2F2(過量)+Xe==XeF4(XeF4是強(qiáng)氧化劑,能將Mn2+氧化為Mn04-)
nF2+2M===2MFn(M表示大部分金屬)
2F2+2H20===4HF+02(水是還原劑)
2F2+2Na0H===2NaF+0F2+H20
F2+2NaCl==2NaF+C12
F2+2NaBr===2NaF+Br2
F2+2NaI===2NaF+I2
7F2(過量)+I2===2IF7
F2+C12(等體積)===2C1F(C1F屬于類鹵素:C1F+H2O==HF+HC1O)
3F2(過量)+C12===2C1F3(C1F3+3H2O==3HF+HC1O3)
C12+H22HC1(將H2在C12點(diǎn)燃;混合點(diǎn)燃、加熱、光照發(fā)生爆炸)
3C12+2P2PC13C12+PC13PC15C12+2Na2NaCl
3C12+2Fe2FeC13C12+CuCuC12
C12+2FeC12===2FeC13(在水溶液中:C12+2Fe2+==2Fe3++3Cl)
C12+2NaBr===2NaC1+Br2C12+2Br=2C1+Br2
C12+2KI=2KC1+I2C12+2I=2C1+12
3c12(過量)+2KI+3H2O===6HC1+KIO3
3C12+I-+3H2O=6H++6C1-+103-
5C12+I2+6H20===2HI03+10HCl
5C12+I2+6H2O=1OC1-+103-+12H+
C12+Na2s===2NaCl+SIC12+S2-=2C1-+SI
C12+H2s===2HC1+SI(水溶液中:C12+H2s=2H++2cl-+SI
C12+S02+2H20===H2so4+2HC1
C12+S02+2H20=4H++S042-+2C1-
C12+H2O2===2HC1+O2C12+H2O2=2H++C1-+02
202+3FeFe30402+K===K02
S+H2H2S2S+CCS2S+ZnZnS
S+FeFeS(既能由單質(zhì)制取,又能由離子制?。?/p>
S+2CuCu2S(只能由單質(zhì)制取,不能由離子制?。?/p>
3S+2A1A12S3(只能由單質(zhì)制取,不能由離子制?。?/p>
N2+3H22NH3N2+3MgMg3N2N2+3CaCa3N2
N2+3BaBa3N2N2+6Na2Na3NN2+6K2K3N
N2+6Rb2Rb3NN2+2A12A1N
P4+6H24PH3P+3NaNa3P2P+3ZnZn3P2
H2+2Li2LiH
2、還原性
S+02S02
S+H2s04(濃)3S02t+2H20
S+6HN03(濃)H2S04+6N02t+2H20
S+4H++6==6N02f+2H20+
3S+4HN03(稀)3S02+4N0f+2H20
3S+4H++43S02+4N0t+2H20
N2+022N0
4P+502P4010(常寫成P205)
2P+3X22PX3(X表示F2,C12,Br2)
PX3+X2PX5
P4+20HN03(濃)4H3P04+20N02t+4H20
C+2F2CF4
C+2C12CC14
C+02(足量)C02
2C+02(少量)2co
C+C022C0
C+H20C0+H2(生成水煤氣)
2C+Si02Si+2co(制得粗硅)
Si(粗)+2C12SiC14
(SiC14+2H2===Si(純)+4HCl)
Si(粉)+02Si02
Si+CSiC(金剛砂)
Si+2Na0H+H20==Na2Si03+2H2t(Si+20H+H20=+2H2f)
3、歧化反應(yīng)
C12+H20==HCl+HC10(加堿或光照促進(jìn)歧化:(C12+H20H++C1-+HC10)
C12+2NaOH==NaC1+NaC10+H20(C12+20H-=C1-+C10-+H20)
C12+2Ca(OH)2==CaC12+Ca(CIO)2+2H20(C12+20H-=C1-+C10-
+H20)
3cl2+6K0H(濃)5KC1+KC103+3H20(3C12+60H-5C1-+C103-+3H20)
3S+6NaOH2Na2S+Na2S03+3H20(3S+60H-2S2-+S032-+3H20)
4P+3K0H(濃)+3H20==PH3t+3KH2P02(4P+30H-+3H20==PH3t
+3H2P02-)
11P+15CUS04+24H20==5CU3P+6H3P04+15H2S04
3C+CaOCaC2+C0f
3C+SiO2SiC+2C0t
目金屬單質(zhì)的還原性
金屬單質(zhì)(Na,Mg,Al,Fe,Cu)
2Na+H22NaH4Na+02==2Na202Na20+022Na202
2Na+02Na2022Na+S==Na2s(爆炸)
2Na+2H2O==2NaOH+H2t2Na+2H20=2Na++20H-+H2f
2Na+2NH3==2NaNH2+H2f2Na+2NH3=2Na++2NH2-+H2f
4Na+TiC144NaCl+TiMg+C12MgC12Mg+Br2MgBr2
2Mg+022MgOMg+SMgS
2Cu+SCu2S(Cu2s只能由單質(zhì)制備)
Mg+2H20Mg(OH)2+H2f
2Mg+TiC14Ti+2MgC12Mg+2RbClMgC12+2Rb
2Mg+C022MgO+C2Mg+SiO22MgO+Si
Mg+H2S==MgS+H2
Mg+H2S04==MgS04+H2f(Mg+2H+=Mg2++H2t)
2A1+3C122A1C13
4A1+3O2===2A12O3(常溫生成致密氧化膜而鈍化,在氧氣中燃燒)
4A1(Hg)+302+2xH20===2(A1203.xH20)+4Hg(鋁汞齊)
4Al+3MnO22A1203+3Mn2Al+Cr203A1203+2Cr(鋁熱反應(yīng))
2Al+Fe203A1203+2Fe2Al+3FeOA1203+3Fe
2A1+6HC1===2A1C13+3H2f2A1+6H+=2A13++3H2f
2A1+3H2SO4===A12(S04)3+3H2f2A1+6H+=2A13++3H2f
2A1+6H2s04(濃)===A12(S04)3+3S02+6H20(Al,Fe在冷,濃的
H2S04,HN03中鈍化)
A1+4HN03(?。?==A1(N03)3+N0t+2H20A1+4H++N03-=A13++N0t
+2H20
2Al+2Na0H+2H20===2NaA102+3H2f2A1+20H-+2H20=2A102-+3H2f
2Fe+3Br2===2FeBr33Fe+202Fe3042Fe+022Fe0(煉鋼過程)
Fe+I2FeI2
Fe+SFeS(FeS既能由單質(zhì)制備,又能由離子制備)
3Fe+4H20(g)Fe304+4H2f
Fe+2HCl===FeC12+H2tFe+2H+=Fe2++H2t
Fe+CuC12===FeC12+CuFe+Cu2+=Fe2++CuI
Fe+SnC14===FeC12+SnC12(鐵在酸性環(huán)境下,不能把四氯化錫完全還
原為單質(zhì)錫Fe+SnC12==FeC12+SnIFe+Sn2+=Fe2++SnI
0非金屬氫化物和金屬氫化物
非金屬氫化物(HF,HC1,H20,H2S,NH3);金屬氫化物(NaH)
1、還原性:
4HC1(濃)+MnO2MnC12+C12f+2H20
4H++2C1-+MnO2Mn2++C12t+2H20
4HC1(濃)+PbO2PbC12+C12f+2H20
4H++2C1-+PbO2Pb2++C12t+2H20
4HCl(g)+022C12+2H20
16HC1+2KMnO4===2KC1+2MnC12+5C12f+8H20
16H++10Cl-+2Mn04-=2Mn2++5C12t+8H20
6HC1+KC1O3==KC1+3C12t+3H20
6H++5C1-+C103-=3C12t+3H20
14HCl+K2Cr207===2KCl+2CrC13+3C12t+7H20
14H++6C1-+Cr2072-=2Cr3++5C12t+7H20
2H20+2F2===4HF+02
2HC1+F2=2HF+C12(F2氣與HC1、HBr、HI、H2S、NH3氣體不能共存)
2HBr+C12=2HCl+Br2(C12氣與HBr、HI、H2S、NH3氣體不能共存)
2H2S+302(足量)2so2+2H202H2S+02(少量)2SI+2H20
2H2S+S02===3SI+2H20H2S+H2s04(濃)===SI+S02t+2H20
3H2S+2HN03(稀)===3SI+2N0t+4H20
3H2S+2H++2N03-=3SI+2N0f+4H20
5H2S+2KMn04+3H2S04===2MnS04+K2S04+5SI+8H20
5H2S+2Mn04-+6H+=2Mn2++5SI+8H20
3H2S+K2Cr207+4H2S04===Cr2(S04)3+K2S04+3SI+7H20
3H2S+Cr2072-+8H+===2Cr3++3S;+7H20
H2S+4Na202+2H20===Na2S04+6Na0H
H2S+4Na202+2H20=8Na+++
2NH3+3Cu03Cu+N2+3H20
2NH3+3C12===N2+6HC18NH3+3C12===N2+6NH4c1
NH3+NaN02+HC1==NaC1+N2t+2H20
NH3+N02-+H+=N2t+2H20
4NH3+302(純氧)2N2+6H204NH3+5024N0+6H20
4NH3+6N0===5N2+6H20(用氨清除NO)
NaH+H2O===NaOH+H2t(生氫劑)
NaH+H20=Na++0H-+H2f
4NaH+TiC14Ti+4NaCl+2H2tCaH2+2H20=Ca(OH)2I+2H2t
2、酸性:
4HF+Si02===SiF4+2H20(可測(cè)定礦樣或鋼樣中Si02的含量,玻璃雕
刻)
4HF+Si===SiF4+2H2t
2HF+CaC12===CaF2+2HClH2S+Fe===FeSI+H2t
H2S+CuC12===CuSI+2HC1(弱酸制強(qiáng)酸的典型反應(yīng))
H2S+Cu2+=CuSI+2H+
H2S+2AgN03===Ag2SI+2HNO3
H2S+2Ag+=Ag2S;+2H+
H2S+HgC12===HgSI+2HC1
H2S+Hg2+=HgSI+2H+
H2S+Pb(N03)2===PbSI+2HN03(鉛試紙檢驗(yàn)空氣中H2S)
H2S+Pb2+=PbS;+2H+
H2s+2Ag===Ag2S+H2t(銀器在空氣中變黑的原因)
2NH3(液)+2Na==2NaNH2+H2t(NaNH2+H2O===NaOH+NH3f)
3、NH3的堿性:
NH3+HX==NH4X(X:F、Cl、Br、I、S)
NH3+HN03===NH4N03NH3+H+=NH4+
2NH3+H2S04===(NH4)2S04NH3+H+=NH4+
NH3+NaCl+H20+C02===NaHC03+NH4c1(侯德榜制堿:用于工業(yè)制備小蘇
打,蘇打)
NH3+H2S==NH4HSNH3+H2S=NH4++HS-
4、不穩(wěn)定性:
2HFH2+F22HC1H2+C122H202H2+02
2H202===2H20+02H2SH2+S2NH3N2+3H2
2HIH2+I2
H非金屬氧化物
(S03、S02、N20、NO、N203、N02、N204、N205、CO、C02、Si02>P203、
P205>C120、C1203、C1205、C12O7、C102)
1、低價(jià)態(tài)的還原性:(S02、CO、NO)
2so2+02+2H20===2H2s04(這是S02在大氣中緩慢發(fā)生的環(huán)境化學(xué)反
應(yīng))
2S02+022S03S02+N02===S03+N0
S02+C12+2H20===H2so4+2HC1C12+S02+2H20=4H++S042-+2C1-
S02+Br2+2H20===H2S04+2HBrBr2+S02+2H20=4H++S042-+2Br-
S02+I2+2H20===H2so4+2HII2+S02+2H20MH++S042-+21-
2N0+02===2N02
N0+N02+2Na0H===2NaN02(用于制硝酸工業(yè)中吸收尾氣中的NO和N02)
N0+N02+20H-=2N02-
2C0+022C02CO+CuOCu+C02
3C0+Fe2032Fe+3C02C0+H20C02+H2
2、氧化性:
S02+2H2s===3S+2H20
S03+2KIK2S03+I2
N02+2KI+H20===N0+I2+2K0H(不能用淀粉KI溶液鑒別濕蒸氣和N02)
4N02+H2S===4N0+S03+H20
2N02+Cu4Cu0+N2N20+ZnZn0+N2
C02+2Mg2MgO+C(C02不能用于撲滅由Mg,Ca,Ba,Na,K等燃燒的火災(zāi))
Si02+2H2Si+2H20SiO2+2Mg2Mg0+Si
3、與水的作用:
S02+H20===H2S03
S03+H20===H2S04S03+H20=2H++S042-
3N02+H20===2HN03+N0(N02不是硝酸的酸酎)
N205+H20===2HN03N205+H20=2H++2N03-
P205+H20(冷水)===2HP03
P205+3H20(熱水)===2H3P04(P205極易吸水,可作氣體干燥劑)
P205+3H2S04(濃)===2H3Po4+3S03
C02+H20===H2C03
C120+H20==2HC10
C1207+H20==2HC104C1207+H20=2H++2C104-
4、與堿性物質(zhì)的作用:
S02+2NH3+H20===(NH4)2S03
S02+(NH4)2S03+H20===2NH4HS03
2NH4HS03+H2S04===(NH4)2S04+2H20+2S02f(硫酸工業(yè)尾氣處理)
S02+Ca(0H)2===CaS03;+H20(不能用澄清石灰水鑒別S02和C02.可
用品紅鑒別)
S03+Mg0===MgS04
S03+Ca(0H)2===CaS04I+H20
C02+NH3+H20===NH4HC03
C02+2NH3(過量)+H20===(NH4)2C03(NH4)2C03(NH2)2C0+2H20
C02+2NH3(NH2)2C0+H20(工業(yè)制取尿素)
CO2+2NaOH(過量)==Na2c03+H2020H-+C02=C032-+H20
C02(過量)+NaOH==NaHCO3OH-+CO2=HCO3-
C02+Ca(OH)2(過量)==CaC03+H20Ca2++2+C02=CaC03I+H20
2c02(過量)+Ca(0H)2==Ca(HC03)20H-+C02=HC03-
C02+CaC03+H20==Ca(HC03)2C02+CaC03+H20=Ca2++2HC03-
C02(不足)+2NaA102+3H20===2Al(0H)3I+Na2C03
C02+3H20+A102-=Al(0H)3I+C032-
C02(足)+NaA102+2H20===Al(OH)3;+NaHC03
C02+2H20+A102-=A1(OH)3I+HC03-
C02+C6H50Na+H20===C6H50H;+NaHC03
C02+C6H50-+H20=C6H50HI+HC03-
SiO2+CaOCaSiO3(煉鋼造渣)
SiO2+2NaOH===Na2SiO3+H2O(常溫下強(qiáng)堿緩慢腐蝕玻璃)
SiO2+Na2CO3Na2SiO3+CO2(制取玻璃)
SiO2+CaCO3CaSiO3+CO2(制取玻璃)
2N02+2Na0H==NaN02+NaN03+H20
2N02+20H-=N03-+N02-+H20
N0+N02+2Na0H==2NaN02+H20(制取硝酸工業(yè)尾氣吸收)
NO+NO2+2OH-=2NO3-+H20
同金屬氧化物
1、低價(jià)態(tài)的還原性:
6Fe0+02===2Fe304
FeO+4HNO3===Fe(N03)3+N02+2H20
Fe0+4H++N03-=Fe3++N02t+2H20
2、氧化性:
Na202+2Na2Na20(此反應(yīng)用于制備Na20)
MgO,A1203幾乎沒有氧化性,很難被還原為Mg,Al.一般通過電解制
Mg和AL
Fe2O3+3H22Fe+3H20(制還原鐵粉)
Fe304+4H23Fe+4H20CuO+H2Cu+H20
2Fe304+16HI==6FeI2+8H20+2I2
2Fe304+16H++4I-=6Fe2++8H20+2I2
Fe203+Fe3FeO(煉鋼過程中加入廢鋼作氧化劑)
FeO+CFe+CO(高溫?zé)掍撜{(diào)節(jié)C含量)
2FeO+Si2Fe+SiO2(高溫?zé)掍撜{(diào)節(jié)Si含量)
3、與水的作用:
Na2O+H2O==2NaOH
Na20+H20=2Na++20H-
2Na202+2H20===4Na0H+02t
2Na202+2H20=4Na++40H-+02t
(此反應(yīng)分兩步:Na202+2H20===2Na0H+H202;2H202===2H20+02H202
的制備可利用類似的反應(yīng):Ba02+H2S04(稀)===BaS04+H202)
Mg0+H20===Mg(0H)2(緩慢反應(yīng))
4、與酸性物質(zhì)的作用:
Na20+S03==Na2S04Na20+C02==Na2C03Mg0+S03===MgS04
Na20+2HCl==2NaCl+H20
Na20+2H+=2Na++H20
2Na202+2C02==2Na2co3+02f
Na202+H2S04(冷,?。?==Na2s04+H202
Mg0+H2S04===MgS04+H20
Mg0+2H+=Mg2++H20
A1203+3H2s04===A12(S04)3+3H20
A1203+6H+=2A13++3H20
A1203+2Na0H===2NaA102+H20(Al203兩性氧化物)
A1203+20H-=2A102-+H20
Fe0+2HCl===FeC12+H20
FeO+2H+=Fe2++H2O
Fe203+6HCl===2FeC13+3H20
Fe??203+6H+=2Fe3++3H20
Fe304+8HCl===FeC12+2FeC13+4H20
Fe??304+8H+=2Fe3++Fe2++4H20
用含氧酸
1、氧化性:
4HC103+3H2S===3H2S04+4HCl
C103-+3H2S=6H++S042-+C1-
HC103+HI===HI03+HCl
C103-+I-=103-+C1-
3HC1O+HI===HIO3+3HC1
3HC10+I-=I03-+3H++C1-
HC10+H2S03===H2S04+HC1
HC10+H2S03=3H++S042-+C1-
HC10+H202===HCl+H20+02t
HC10+H202=H++Cl-+H20+02t
(氧化性:HC10>HC102>HC103>HC104,但濃,熱的HC104氧化性很強(qiáng))
2H2S04(濃)+CC02t+2S02f+2H20
2H2S04(濃)+S3S02t+2H20
H2s04+Fe(Al)室溫下鈍化6H2s04(濃)+2FeFe2(S04)3+3S02f+6H20
2H2S04(濃)+CuCuS04+S02t+2H20
H2s04(濃)+2HBr===S02t+Br2+2H20(不能用濃硫酸與NaBr制取HBr)
H2s04(濃)+2HI===S02f+I2+2H20(不能用濃硫酸與Nai制取HI)
H2S04(?。?Fe===FeS04+H2t
2H++Fe=Fe2++H2t
H2S03+2H2S===3SI+3H2O
4HN03(濃)+CC02t+4N02t+2H20
6HN03(濃)+SH2S04+6N02t+2H20
5HN03(濃)+PH3P04+5N02t+H20
5HN03(?。?3P+2H203H3P04+5N0f
5H++5N03-+3P+2H203H3P04+5N0t
6HN03(濃足)+Fe===Fe(NO3)3+3NO2t+3H20
4HN03(濃)+Fe(足)===Fe(N03)2+N02t+2H20(先得Fe3+,在Fe過量時(shí)
再生成Fe2+的鹽)
4HN03(稀足)+Fe===Fe(N03)3+N0f+2H20
4H++N03-+Fe=Fe3++N0t+2H20
30HN03+8Fe===8Fe(N03)3+3N20t+15H20
30H++6NO3-+8Fe=8Fe3++3N20f+15H20
36HN03+10Fe===10Fe(N03)3+3N2f+18H20
36H++6N03-+10Fe=8Fe3++3N2t+18H20
30HN03+8Fe===8Fe(N03)3+3NH4N03+9H20
30H++3N03-+8Fe=8Fe3++3NH4++9H20
4Zn+10HN03(?。?=4Zn(N03)2+N20t+5H20
4Zn+10H++2N03-=4Zn2++N20t+5H20
4Zn+10HN03(稀)==4Zn(N03)2+NH4N03+3H20
4Zn+10H++N03-=4Zn2++NH4++5H20
2、還原性:
H2S03+X2+H20===H2S04+2HX(X表示C12,Br2,12)
H2S03+X2+H20=4H++S042-+X-
2H2S03+02==2H2S04
2H2S03+02=4H++S042-
H2S03+H202===H2S04+H20
H2S03+H202=2H++S042-+H20
5H2so3+2KMnO4===2MnSO4+K2so4+2H2so4+3H20
5H2S03+2Mn04-=2Mn2++4H++3s042-+3H20
H2S03+2FeC13+H20===H2S04+2FeC12+2HCl
H2so3+2Fe3++H20=4H++2Fe2++S042-
3、酸性:
H2s04(濃)+CaF2CaS04+2HFt(不揮發(fā)性酸制取揮發(fā)性酸)
H2s04(濃)+NaClNaHS04+HClt(不揮發(fā)性酸制取揮發(fā)性酸)
H2s04(濃)+2NaClNa2so4+2HC1t(不揮發(fā)性酸制取揮發(fā)性酸)
H2s04(濃)+NaN03NaHS04+HN03t(不揮發(fā)性酸制取揮發(fā)性酸)
3H2s04(濃)+Ca3(P04)23CaS04+2H3P04(強(qiáng)酸制弱酸酸)
2H2s04(濃)+Ca3(P04)22CaS04+Ca(H2P04)2(工業(yè)制磷肥)
3HN03+Ag3P04==H3P04+3AgN03
3H++Ag3P04=H3P04+3Ag+
2HN03+CaC03==Ca(N03)2+H20+C02f
2H++CaC03=Ca2++H20+C02f
(用HN03和濃H2S04不能制備H2S,HI,HBr,S02等還原性氣體)
4H3P04+Ca3(P04)23Ca(H2P04)2(重鈣)
H3P04(濃)+NaBrNaH2P04+HBrt(不揮發(fā)性酸制取揮發(fā)性酸,磷酸是
非氧化性酸)
H3P04(濃)+NaINaH2P04+HIt
4、不穩(wěn)定性:
2HC102HC1+02t(保存在棕色瓶中)
4HN034N02t+02t+2H20(保存在棕色瓶中)
H2S03H20+S02f(在加熱或酸性條件下分解)
H2C03H20+C02f(在加熱或酸性條件下分解)
H4SiO4H2Si03+H20H2Si03Si02;+H20
H2S203H20+SI+S02t(在加熱或酸性條件下分解)
口堿
1、低價(jià)態(tài)的還原性:
4Fe(OH)2+02+2H20===4Fe(OH)3
2、與酸性物質(zhì)的作用:
2Na0H+S02(少量)==Na2s03+H20
OH-+S02=S032-+H20
Na0H+S02(足)==NaHS03
OH-+S02(足)=HS03-
2Na0H+Si02==Na2Si03+H20
OH-+SiO2=SiO32-+H20
2Na0H+A1203==2NaA102+H20
20H-+A1203=2A102-+H20
2K0H+C12==KC1+KC10+H20
C12+20H-=C1-+C10-+H20
Na0H+HCl==NaCl+H20
H++OH=H20
NaOH+H2S(足)==NaHS+H20
OH-+H2S=HS-+H20
2NaOH+H2S(少量)==Na2S+2H20
20H-+H2S=S2-+2H20
3NaOH+AlC13==Al(OH)3I+3NaCl
3OH-+A13+=A1(OH)3I
NaOH+Al(OH)3==NaA102+2H20(A1C13和Al(OH)3哪個(gè)酸性強(qiáng)?)
OH-+A1(OH)3=A102-+2H20
Ca(OH)2+2NH4C12CaC12+2NH3f+2H20(實(shí)驗(yàn)室制NH3)
NaOH+NH4ClNaCl+NH3t+H20
Mg(OH)2+2NH4Cl==MgC12+2NH3??H2O(Al(OH)3+NH4C1不溶解)
Ba(OH)2+H2S04==BaS04I+2H20
2H++2OH-+Ba2++S042-=BaS04I2H20
3、不穩(wěn)定性:
Mg(OH)2Mg0+H202A1(OH)3A12O3+3H2O
2Fe(OH)3Fe2O3+3H2OCu(OH)2Cu0+H202AgOH==Ag2O+H2O
國鹽
1、氧化性:(在水溶液中)
2FeC13+Fe==3FeC122Fe3++Fe=3Fe2+
2FeC13+Cu===2FeC12+CuC12(用于雕刻銅線路版)
2Fe3++Cu=2Fe2++Cu2+
2FeC13+Zn(少量)===2FeC12+ZnC122Fe3++Zn=2Fe2++Zn2+
FeC13+Ag===FeC12+AgClI2Fe3++Cl-+2Ag=2Fe2++2AgClI
Fe2(S04)3+2Ag===FeS04+Ag2S04;(較難反應(yīng))Fe(N03)3+Ag不反應(yīng)
2FeC13+H2S===2FeC12+2HC1+SI2Fe3++H2S=2Fe2++2H++SI
2FeC13+2KI===2FeC12+2KCl+I22Fe3++2I-=2Fe2++I2
FeC12+Mg===Fe+MgC12Fe2++Mg=Fe+Mg2+
NaN02+NH4Cl==NaCl+N2t+2H20(實(shí)驗(yàn)室制氮?dú)猓㎞H4++N02-=N2t
+2H20
2、還原性:
2FeC12+3C12===2FeC13(在水溶液中不需加熱)
2Fe2++3C12=2Fe3++6Cl-
3Na2S+8HN03(?。?==6NaN03+2N0f+3S+4H20
3S2-+8H++2N03-=2N0t+3S+4H20
3Na2S03+2HN03(?。?==3Na2so4+2N0t+H20
3S032-+2H++2N03-=3S042-+2N0f+H20
2Na2S03+02===2Na2S04(Na2S03在空氣中易變質(zhì))
Na2S03+SNa2S203
Na2S+C12==2NaCl+Sl(在水溶液中)S2-+C12=2C1-+S;
3、與堿性物質(zhì)的作用:
Ca(OH)2+CuS04==Cu(OH)2I+CaS04I(波爾多液)
MgC12+2NH3??H20===Mg(OH)2I+2NH4C1
Mg2++2NH3??H20=Mg(OH)2I+2NH4+
A1C13+3NH3??H2O===A1(OH)3I+3NH4C1
A13++3NH3??H2O=A1(OH)2I+3NH4+
FeC13+3NH3??H2O===Fe(OH)3I+3NH4C1
Fe3++3NH3??H2O=Fe(OH)3I+3NH4+
CuS04+2NH3??H20(不足)==Cu(OH)2I+(NH4)2S04
Cu2++2NH3??H20=Cu(OH)2I+2NH4+
Cu(OH)2+4NH3??H2O=Cu(NH3)4(OH)2+4H20
Cu(OH)2+4NH3??H2O=[Cu(NH3)4]2++20H-+4H20銅氨溶液
CuS04+4NH3??H20(足)==Cu(NH3)4S04+4H20總方程式
Cu2++4NH3??H20=[Cu(NH3)4]2++4H20銅氨溶液
AgNO3+NH3??H2O==AgOHI+NH4N032AgOH=Ag2O(灰黑色)+H20
Ag2O+4NH3??H2O=2[Ag(NH3)2]++2OH-+3H2O銀氨溶液
AgNO3+2NH3??H2O==Ag(NH3)2NO3+2H2O
Ag++2NH3??H2O=[Ag(NH3)2]++2H20總方程式
ZnS04+2NH3??H20(不足)==Zn(OH)2;+(NH4)2S04
Zn2++2NH3??H20=Zn(OH)2I+2NH4+
Zn(OH)2+4NH3??H20=Zn(NH3)4(OH)2+4H20
ZnS04+4NH3??H20(足)==Zn(NH3)4S04+4H20
Zn2++4NH3??H2O=[Zn(NH3)4]2++4H2O總方程式
4、與酸性物質(zhì)的作用:強(qiáng)酸制弱酸,或不揮發(fā)性酸制揮發(fā)性酸
Na3P04+2HCl===Na2HP04+2NaClP043-+2H+=H2P04-
Na2HP04+HCl===NaH2P04+NaClHP042-+H+=H2P04-
NaH2P04+HCl===H3P04+NaClH2P04-+H+=H3P04
Na2CO3+HCl===NaHCO3+NaClCO32-+H+=HCO3-
NaHCO3+HCl===NaCl+H2O+CO2tHCO3-+H+=CO2t+H20
3Na2CO3+2AlC13+3H2O==2Al(OH)3I+3C02t+6NaCl(物質(zhì)之間的雙
水解反應(yīng))
3CO32-+2A13++3H2O=2A1(OH)3I+3C02f
3Na2CO3+2FeC13+3H2O===2Fe(OH)3I+3CO2+6NaCl(物質(zhì)之間的雙水
解反應(yīng))
3CO32-+2Fe3++3H2O=2Fe(OH)3;+3C02t
3NaHC03+AlC13===Al(0H)3I+3C02t(物質(zhì)之間的雙水解反應(yīng))
3HCO3-+A13+=2A1(OH)3I+3C02t
3NaHC03+FeC13===Fe(OH)3I+3C02f(物質(zhì)之間的雙水解反應(yīng))
3HC03-+Fe3+=2Fe(OH)3I+3C02t
3Na2S+A12(S04)3+6H2O===2Al(OH)3I+3H2St(物質(zhì)之間的雙水解
反應(yīng))
3S2-+2A13++3H2O=2A1(OH)3I+3H2St
3NaA102+AlC13+6H20==4Al(OH)3I+3NaCl(物質(zhì)之間的雙水解反應(yīng))
3A102-+A13++6H20=4Al(OH)3I
3NaA102+FeC13+6H20==3Al(OH)3I+Fe(OH)3I+3NaCl
3A1O2-+Fe3++6H2O=3A1(OH)3I+Fe(OH)3I
NaA102+NH4Cl+2H20==Al(OH)3;+NH3??H20+NaCl
A102-+NH4++2H20=Al(OH)3I+NH3??H2O
Na2C03+H20+C02===2NaHC03
CO32-+H2O+CO2=2HCO3-
Na2CO3+H2O+2SO2==2NaHSO3+CO2t(1:2)
C032-+H20+2S02=2HS03-+C02t
2Na2C03(足)+H20+S02==Na2S03+2NaHC03(C02中的S02不能用
Na2C03洗氣)
2C032-+H20+S02=S032-+2HC03-(2:1)
Na2cO3+SO2==Na2s03+C02(1:1)
C032-+S02=S032-+C02
NaHC03+S02===NaHS03+C02(C02中的S02可能用NaHC03洗氣)
2HC03-+S02=2HS03-+C02
2NaHC03+S02==Na2S03+2C02+H20
2HC03-+S02=S032-+2C02+H20
Na2SiO3+2HCl===H2SiO3I+NaCl或Na2Si03+2HC1+H20===H4Si04I
+2NaCl
Si032-+2H+=H2Si03l或Si032-+2H++H20=H4Si04I
Na2Si03+C02+2H20===H2Si03I+Na2C03
Si032-+C02+2H20=H4Si04I+C032-
5、鹽與鹽復(fù)分解反應(yīng)
Na2s04+BaC12==BaS04;+2NaCl(沉淀不溶于鹽酸、硝酸)
S032-+Ba2+=BaS04I
Na2S03+BaC12==BaS03;+2NaCl(沉淀溶于鹽酸,在硝酸中生成新的
沉淀,沉淀不消失)
S032-+Ba2+=BaS03;
Na2C03+BaC12==BaC03I+2NaCl(沉淀溶于鹽酸、沉淀消失)
C032-+Ba2+=BaC03I
Na2C03+CaC12==CaC03I+2NaCl(NaHC03不反應(yīng))
C032-+Ca2+=CaC03I
AgN03+NaCl==AgClI+NaN03Ag++Cl-=AgClI
AgN03+NaBr==AgBrI+NaN03Ag++Br-=AgBrI
AgN03+KI=AgClI+KN03Ag++I-=AgII
3AgN03+Na3P04==Ag3P04I+3NaN033Ag++P043-=Ag3P04I
CuS04+Na2S==CuSI+Na2s04Cu2++S2-=CuSI
FeC13+3KSCN==Fe(SCN)3+3KC1
Fe3++3SCN-=Fe(SCN)3(血紅色,用于Fe3+的特性檢驗(yàn))
6、不穩(wěn)定性:
Na2s203+H2s04===Na2s04+S;+S02t+H20
S2032-+2H+=S;+S02t+H20
NH4C1NH3f+HC1t
NH4INH3t+HIf2HIH2+I2
NH4INH3t+H2f+12t
NH4HC03NH3t+H20+C02f
2KN032KN02+02t
2Cu(N03)32Cu0+4N02t+02t
2AgN032Ag+2N02t+02t(保存在棕色瓶中)
5NH4N034N2t+2HN03+9H20
10NH4N038N2t+4N02f+02t+20H20t(硝酸鉉爆炸反應(yīng))
2KMnO4K2MnO4+MnO2+O2t
2KC1O32KC1+302t
2NaHC03Na2C03+H20+C02t
Ca(HC03)2CaCO3+H2O+CO2t
CaC03CaO+CO2fMgC03MgO+CO2t
理電離方程式
1、酸的電離(H2s04、HN03、HCl、HBr、HI、H3P04、HF、H2s03、CH3C00H.
H2c03、H2S>HN02、C6H50H>HCN、HC10)
H2S04==2H++S042-或:H2S04+2H20==2H30++S042-
HN03==H++N03-或:HN03+H20==H30++N03-(以下雷同)
HC1==H++C1
HBr==H++Br
HI==H++I
H3P04H++H2P0H2P0H++HPOHPOH++PO
HFH++F
H2S03H++HSOHSOH++SO
CH3C00HH++CH3C00
H2C03H++H++
H2SH++H++
HN02H++NOC6H50HH++C6H50-(苯酚不是酸,顯酸性)
HCNH++CN
HC10H++C1O
H20H++OH
2H2OH3O++OH
2、堿的電離(NaOH、KOH、Ba(OH)2、Mg(OH)2、Al(OH)3、NH3??H2O)
NaOH==Na++OHKOH==K++OHBa(OH)2==Ba2++20H
Mg(OH)2Mg2++2OH
Al(OH)3A13++3OH酸式電離:Al(OH)3H+++H20
NH3??H2O+20H
Ca(OH)2==Ca2++2OH(澄清石灰水)
Ca(0H)2Ca2++20H(石灰懸濁液)
3、鹽的電離(NaCl、Na2so4、NaHS04>Na2s03、NaHS03>MgS04.CaS04.
A12(S04)3、CuS04、A1C13、AgN03、CH3C00Na、NH4N03、FeC13、Na2c03、
NaHC03、Na2S、NaHS、NaH2P04、Na2HP04、Na3P04、KI、NaBr、NaClO、
AgCl、CaC03)
NaCl==Na++Cl
Na2so4==2Na++
NaHS04==H++Na++
Na2so3==2Na++
NaHS03==Na++HS03-(錯(cuò)誤書寫:NaHS03==Na++H++S042-)
MgS04==Mg2++
A12(S04)3==2A13++3
CuS04==Cu2++
A1C13==A13++3C1
AgN03==Ag++N03
CH3COONa==CH3COO+Na+
NH4N03==NH4++N03-
FeC13==Fe3++3Cl
Na2co3==2Na++
NaHC03==Na++(錯(cuò)誤書寫:NaHC03==Na++H++)
Na2s==2Na++
NaHS==Na++HS(錯(cuò)誤書寫:NaHS==Na++H+)
NaH2P04==Na++H2Po
Na2HP04==2Na++HP0(錯(cuò)誤書寫:Na2HP04==2Na++H++P0)
Na3Po4==3Na++P0
KI==K++I-NaBr==Na++Br-NaC10==Na++C10-
AgClAg++(難溶、微溶物質(zhì)在水中發(fā)生微弱電離)
CaC03Ca2++(錯(cuò)誤書寫:CaC03==Ca2++C0)
CaS04Ca2++S0(錯(cuò)誤書寫:CaS04==Ca2++S0)
3、熔融電離
NaClNa++MgC12Mg2++2
Na202Na++02-A12032A13++302-
10|水解反應(yīng)
1、單水解一-可逆水解
NH4C1+H20NH3??H20+HClNH4++H20H++NH3??H20
FeC13+3H20Fe(OH)3+3HC1Fe3++3H20Fe(OH)3+3H+
A1C13+3H20Al(OH)3+3HC1A13++3H20A1(OH)3+3H+
CuS04+2H20Cu(0H)2+H2S04(金屬活動(dòng)順序表中Mg2+以后的陽離子
均水解)
NaHC03+H20H2CO3+NaOH(NaHS04不水解,NaHS03電離大于水解)
Na2C03+H20NaHCO3+NaOHC032-+H20HC03-+0H-
NaHC03+H20H2cO3+NaOH(第一步遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)大于第二步,二步不能疊加)
Na2S03+H20NaHSO3+NaOHS032-+H20HS03-+0H-
NaHS03+H20H2sO3+NaOH(第一步遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)大于第二步,二步不能疊加)
HS03-+H20H2S03+0H-
Na2S+H20NaHS+NaOHS2-+H20HS-+OH-
NaHS+H2OH2S+NaOH(第一步遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)大于第二步,二步不能疊加)
HS-+H2OH2S+OH-
Na3PO4+H2ONa2HPO4+NaOHP043-+H20HP042-+0H-
Na2HP04+H20NaH2P04+Na0HHP042-+H20H2P04-+0H-
NaH2P04+H20H3P04+Na0HH2P04-+H20H3P04+0H-
CH3COONa+H2OCH3COOH+NaOHCH3COO-+H2OCH3COOH+OH-
C6H5ONa+H2OC6H5OH+NaOHC6H5O-+H2OC6H50H+0H-
2、雙水解
CH3C00NH4+H20CH3COOH+NH3??H2O
NH4F+H20HF+NH3??H20
A12S3+6H2O==A1(OH)3;+H2St(隔絕空氣,密封保存)
Mg3N2+6H20==Mg(0H)2;+NH3t(隔絕空氣,密封保存)
Na3P+3H2O==3NaOH+PH3t(隔絕空氣,密封保存)
Zn3P2+6H20==Zn(0H)2I+PH3t(Zn3P2一種老鼠藥,PH3劇毒神經(jīng)毒
劑)
CaC2+2H20==Ca(0H)3I+C2H2t(隔絕空氣,密封保存)
C2H5ONa+H2O==C2H5OH+NaOH
11電解及電極方程式
1、電解質(zhì)溶液在惰性電極條件下,或陰極是較活潑金屬電極,陽極
是惰性電極條件下的電解
2NaCl+2H202NaOH+H2t+C12t
(-)2H2O+2e-==H2t+20H-或2H++2e-=H2t
(+)2C1—2e-==C12t
2C1-+2H2020H-+H2t+C12t
CuC12Cu+C12f
(-)Cu2++2e-==CuI
(+)2C1--2e-==C12t
Cu2++2C1-Cu;+C12t
2CuS04+2H202CuI+02t+2H2S04
(-)2Cu2++4e-==2CuI
(+)2H20-4e-==02t+4H+或:40H--4e-==02f+2H204H204H++40H-
2Cu2++2H202CuI+02t+4H+
2H202H2t+02f
(-)4H++4e-==2H2f
(+)40H--4e-==02t+2H20
中性電解4H204H++40H-
2H20H2t+02f
酸性水解:
(-)4H++4e-==2H2f
(+)2H20-4e-==02t+4H+40H--4e-==02f+2H20
2H20H2t+02f
堿性水解:
(-)4H20+4e-==2H2t+40H-或:4H++4e-==2H2f
(+)40H—4e-==02t+2H20
2H20H2f+02f
2、電鍍:鍍件作陰極,被鍍金屬作陽極,被鍍金屬的含氧酸鹽作電
解質(zhì)溶液
鍍銅:CuS04電鍍液
鍍件(一)Cu2++2e-==CuI
純銅(+)Cu-2e-==Cu2+
鍍鋅:ZnS04電鍍液
鍍件(-)Zn2++2e-=ZnI
純鋅(+)Zn-2e-==Zn2+
鍍銀:AgN03電鍍液
鍍件(-)Ag++e-==AgI
純銀(+)Ag-e-==Ag+
鍍銀:NiS04電鍍液
鍍件(一)Ni2++2e-==Ni;
純銀(+)Ni-2e-==Ni2+
3、熔融狀態(tài)下的電解:
2NaCl(熔融)2Na+C12t
(-)2Na++2e-==2Na
(+)2C1—4e-==C12t
2Na++2cl-(熔融)2Na+C12t
2Al203(熔融)4A1+202t
(-)4A13++12e-==4A1
(+)602--12e-==302f
4A13++602-4A1+302t
NaHF2(熔融)H2t+F2f
(-)2H++2e-==H2t
(+)2F--2e-==F2t
2HFH2t+F2t
化學(xué)方程式反應(yīng)現(xiàn)象應(yīng)用
2Mg+02點(diǎn)燃或△2MgO劇烈燃燒.耀眼白光.生成白色固體.放熱.產(chǎn)生
大量白煙白色信號(hào)彈
2Hg+02點(diǎn)燃或△2HgO銀白液體、生成紅色固體拉瓦錫實(shí)驗(yàn)
2Cu+02點(diǎn)燃或A2CuO紅色金屬變?yōu)楹谏腆w
4A1+302點(diǎn)燃或A2A1203銀白金屬變?yōu)榘咨腆w
3Fe+202點(diǎn)燃Fe304劇烈燃燒、火星四射、生成黑色固體、放熱4Fe
+302高溫2Fe203
C+02點(diǎn)燃C02劇烈燃燒、白光、放熱、使石灰水變渾濁
S+02點(diǎn)燃S02劇烈燃燒、放熱、刺激味氣體、空氣中淡藍(lán)色火焰.
氧氣中藍(lán)紫色火焰
2H2+02點(diǎn)燃2H20淡藍(lán)火焰、放熱、生成使無水CuS04變藍(lán)的液體(水)
高能燃料
4P+502點(diǎn)燃2P205劇烈燃燒、大量白煙、放熱、生成白色固體證
明空氣中氧氣含量
CH4+202點(diǎn)燃2H20+C02藍(lán)色火焰、放熱、生成使石灰水變渾濁氣體
和使無水CuS04變藍(lán)的液體(水)甲烷和天然氣的燃燒
2c2H2+502點(diǎn)燃2H20+4C02藍(lán)色火焰、放熱、黑煙、生成使石灰水變
渾濁氣體和使無水CuS04變藍(lán)的液體(水)氧快焰、焊接切割金屬
2KC103Mn02A2KC1+302f生成使帶火星的木條復(fù)燃的氣體實(shí)驗(yàn)
室制備氧氣
2KMn04AK2Mn04+Mn02+02t紫色變?yōu)楹谏?、生成使帶火星木條復(fù)燃
的氣體實(shí)驗(yàn)室制備氧氣
2Hg0A2Hg+02f紅色變?yōu)殂y白、生成使帶火星木條復(fù)燃的氣體拉瓦
錫實(shí)驗(yàn)
2H20通電2H2f+02t水通電分解為氫氣和氧氣電解水
Cu2(OH)2C03△2CuO+H2O+CO2t綠色變黑色、試管壁有液體、使石灰
水變渾濁氣體銅綠加熱
NH4HC03ANH3f+H20+C02t白色固體消失、管壁有液體、使石灰
水變渾濁氣體碳酸氫錢長(zhǎng)期暴露空氣中會(huì)消失
Zn+H2S04=ZnS04+H2t有大量氣泡產(chǎn)生、鋅粒逐漸溶解實(shí)驗(yàn)室制備
氫氣
Fe+H2S04=FeS04+H2f有大量氣泡產(chǎn)生、金屬顆粒逐漸溶解
Mg+H2S04=MgS04+H2f有大量氣泡產(chǎn)生、金屬顆粒逐漸溶解
2A1+3H2SO4=A12(SO4)3+3H2f有大量氣泡產(chǎn)生、金屬顆粒逐漸溶解
Fe203+3H2△2Fe+3H20紅色逐漸變?yōu)殂y白色、試管壁有液體冶煉
金屬、利用氫氣的還原性
Fe304+4H2△3Fe+4H20黑色逐漸變?yōu)殂y白色、試管壁有液體冶煉金
屬、利用氫氣的還原性
W03+3H2△W+3H20冶煉金屬鋁、利用氫氣的還原性
Mo03+3H2AMo+3H20冶煉金屬鋁、利用氫氣的還原性
2Na+C12△或點(diǎn)燃2NaCl劇烈燃燒、黃色火焰離子化合物的形成、
H2+C12點(diǎn)燃或光照2HC1點(diǎn)燃蒼白色火焰、瓶口白霧共價(jià)化合物的
形成、制備鹽酸
CuS04+2Na0H=Cu(0H)2;+Na2S04藍(lán)色沉淀生成、上部為澄清溶液質(zhì)
量守恒定律實(shí)驗(yàn)
2C+02點(diǎn)燃2co煤爐中常見反應(yīng)、空氣污染物之一、煤氣中毒原因
2C0+02點(diǎn)燃2C02藍(lán)色火焰煤氣燃燒
C+CuO高溫2Cu+C02t黑色逐漸變?yōu)榧t色、產(chǎn)生使澄清石灰水變
渾濁的氣體冶煉金屬
2Fe203+3C高溫4Fe+3C02t冶煉金屬
Fe304+2C高溫3Fe+2C02t冶煉金屬
C+C02高溫2C0
C02+H20=H2CO3碳酸使石蕊變紅證明碳酸的酸性
H2C03AC02t+H20石蕊紅色褪去
Ca(0H)2+C02=CaC03l+H20澄清石灰水變渾濁應(yīng)用C02檢驗(yàn)和石
灰漿粉刷墻壁
CaC03+H20+C02=Ca(HC03)2白色沉淀逐漸溶解溶洞的形成,石頭
的風(fēng)化
Ca(HC03)2ACaC03I+H20+C02t白色沉淀、產(chǎn)生使澄清石灰水變渾
濁的氣體
水垢形成.鐘乳石的形成
2NaHC03ANa2C03+H20+C02t產(chǎn)生使澄清石灰水變渾濁的氣體小蘇
打蒸饅頭
CaC03高溫CaO+C02t工業(yè)制備二氧化碳和生石灰
CaC03+2HCl=CaC12+H20+C02f固體逐漸溶解、有使澄清石灰水變渾
濁的氣體
實(shí)驗(yàn)室制備二氧化碳、除水垢
Na2C03+H2S04=Na2S04+H20+C02f固體逐漸溶解、有使澄清石灰水變
渾濁的氣體
泡沫滅火器原理
Na2C03+2HCl=2NaCl+H20+C02t固體逐漸溶解、有使澄清石灰水變
渾濁的氣體
泡沫滅火器原理
MgC03+2HC1=MgC12+H20+C02t固體逐漸溶解、有使澄清石灰水變渾
濁的氣體
CuO+COACu+C02黑色逐漸變紅色,產(chǎn)生使澄清石灰水變渾濁的
氣體冶煉金屬
Fe2O3+3CO高溫2Fe+3CO2冶煉金屬原理
Fe304+4C0高溫3Fe+4C02冶煉金屬原理
WO3+3CO高溫W+3CO2冶煉金屬原理
CH3COOH+NaOH=CH3COONa+H2O
2CH3OH+3O2點(diǎn)燃2C02+4H20
C2H5OH+3O2點(diǎn)燃2C02+3H20藍(lán)色火焰、產(chǎn)生使石灰水變渾濁的氣體、
放熱酒精的燃燒
Fe+CuS04=Cu+FeS04銀白色金屬表面覆蓋一層紅色物質(zhì)濕法煉銅
溫馨提示
- 1. 本站所有資源如無特殊說明,都需要本地電腦安裝OFFICE2007和PDF閱讀器。圖紙軟件為CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.壓縮文件請(qǐng)下載最新的WinRAR軟件解壓。
- 2. 本站的文檔不包含任何第三方提供的附件圖紙等,如果需要附件,請(qǐng)聯(lián)系上傳者。文件的所有權(quán)益歸上傳用戶所有。
- 3. 本站RAR壓縮包中若帶圖紙,網(wǎng)頁內(nèi)容里面會(huì)有圖紙預(yù)覽,若沒有圖紙預(yù)覽就沒有圖紙。
- 4. 未經(jīng)權(quán)益所有人同意不得將文件中的內(nèi)容挪作商業(yè)或盈利用途。
- 5. 人人文庫網(wǎng)僅提供信息存儲(chǔ)空間,僅對(duì)用戶上傳內(nèi)容的表現(xiàn)方式做保護(hù)處理,對(duì)用戶上傳分享的文檔內(nèi)容本身不做任何修改或編輯,并不能對(duì)任何下載內(nèi)容負(fù)責(zé)。
- 6. 下載文件中如有侵權(quán)或不適當(dāng)內(nèi)容,請(qǐng)與我們聯(lián)系,我們立即糾正。
- 7. 本站不保證下載資源的準(zhǔn)確性、安全性和完整性, 同時(shí)也不承擔(dān)用戶因使用這些下載資源對(duì)自己和他人造成任何形式的傷害或損失。
最新文檔
- DB11∕T 1150-2019 供暖系統(tǒng)運(yùn)行能源消耗限額
- 婚內(nèi)公證協(xié)議書(2篇)
- 土地租賃合同簡(jiǎn)易(2篇)
- 人教版三年級(jí)下冊(cè)數(shù)學(xué)期中測(cè)試卷附答案
- 印染廢水中水回用設(shè)計(jì)方案
- 2024年圖書出版合同范本
- 工程成本部管理制度
- 會(huì)議費(fèi)用管理制度
- 脾破裂緊急護(hù)理措施
- 2024酒店智能照明維保合同
- 農(nóng)田無償代耕代種合同范本
- 廣東星海音樂廳交響樂大廳的聲學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)2023
- 血透醫(yī)師崗位職責(zé)
- 商會(huì)規(guī)章制度完整版
- TD-T 1048-2016 耕作層土壤剝離利用技術(shù)規(guī)范
- 二年級(jí)上冊(cè)識(shí)字1:場(chǎng)景歌評(píng)課稿一等獎(jiǎng)聽課記錄教學(xué)反思
- 《病原生物與免疫學(xué)》課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
- 投資項(xiàng)目法律意見書模板-法律意見書模板
- DB63-T 2109-2023 湟水流域水生植物繁育技術(shù)規(guī)程
- 中藥煎藥質(zhì)量評(píng)估檢查表
- 戴姆勒產(chǎn)品開發(fā)質(zhì)量體系
評(píng)論
0/150
提交評(píng)論