高中英語北師大版選擇性必修三UNIT 9 Period 7　Focus on Language-The Perfect Phrasal Verbs

Period7FocusonLanguage—ThePerfect&PhrasalVerbs(2)Ⅰ.感知以下課文原句，完成方框下的小題1．Naturalcloninghasbeengoingonforgenerations.2．Forexample，gardenershavebeenusingaformofcloningwhentheytakeacuttingfromaplantandplaceitinasuitablemedium，suchassoil.3．Foryears，therehadbeenattemptstocloneanimalsartificially.4．However，theyhavefoundasimilarpatternofhealthproblemswiththeseotherspeciesaswell.5．Dr.SunQiang，directoroftheresearchteam，saidtheyhadbeenwhollydevotedtotheresearchandhadbeentakingcareofmorethan1,000monkeys24hoursaday,7daysaweekformorethan5years.1．句1和2使用的時(shí)態(tài)是現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。結(jié)構(gòu)為have/hasbeendoing。句1時(shí)間狀語為forgenerations。2．句3和5的前半句使用的時(shí)態(tài)是過去完成時(shí)。結(jié)構(gòu)為haddone。句3時(shí)間狀語為foryears，句5時(shí)間狀語為formorethan5years。3．句4使用的時(shí)態(tài)是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。結(jié)構(gòu)為have/hasdone。4．句5的后半句使用的時(shí)態(tài)是過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。結(jié)構(gòu)為hadbeendoing。Ⅱ.感知以下課文原句，完成方框下的小題1．Familieswhohadonlyjustgotthroughthewarnowhadtoburytheirlovedoneswhohaddiedofthedisease.2．Infectionrateswentupsteadily，andinthecourseoftheoutbreak...3．SincetheendoftheSARSepidemic，scientistshavebeendoingtrialsontreatmentstopreventanyfutureoutbreaks.4．...governmentsworldwidehaveunderlinedthefactthattheywantthoroughandsystematicmedicalresearchonepidemicstogetatthecausesandcomeupwithcuresassoonaspossible.5．Dr.SunQiang，directoroftheresearchteam，saidtheyhadbeenwhollydevotedtotheresearchand...以上黑體部分均為動(dòng)詞短語。其中句1的短語構(gòu)成為vi.＋prep.句2的短語構(gòu)成為vi.＋adv.句3的短語構(gòu)成為vt.＋賓語＋prep.句4的短語構(gòu)成為vi.＋adv.＋prep.句5的短語構(gòu)成為be＋adj./vt.-ed＋prep.一、完成時(shí)態(tài)完成時(shí)態(tài)包括以下幾種時(shí)態(tài)：(一)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)1．現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成為have/has＋done，表示發(fā)生在過去的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)到說話時(shí)剛剛完成或結(jié)束。現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常與uptonow，sofar，already，just，yet，recently，inthepast/lastfewyears，since，eversince等表示時(shí)間的詞連用。Inthepastfewyears，greatchangeshavetakenplaceinthisdistrict.在過去的幾年里，這片地區(qū)發(fā)生了巨大的變化。IthasbeentwentyyearssinceIworkedasajournalist.自從我當(dāng)記者已經(jīng)有二十年了。2．下列情況下常用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：(1)This/That/Itisthefirst/second/...timethat＋現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)Thisisthefirsttimethatwehaveseenadramainthetheatre.這是我們第一次在劇院看戲劇。(2)It/Thisisthebest/worst/most＋adj.＋名詞＋定語從句(現(xiàn)在完成時(shí))Thisisthemostabsorbingnovelhehaseverwritten.這是他寫的最引人入勝的一部小說。(二)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的構(gòu)成為have/has＋been＋doing，表示過去的動(dòng)作持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并有可能延續(xù)下去，與之連用的時(shí)間狀語有uptonow，sofar，recently，inthepast/lastfewyears，since，eversince等。可以表示重復(fù)性動(dòng)作或某種感情色彩。Theyoungmanhasbeenwanderingonthebeachofthebayfor3hours.這個(gè)年輕人已經(jīng)在海灣的海灘上徘徊3個(gè)小時(shí)了。(應(yīng)用文寫作之申請(qǐng)信)IhavebeenpracticingoralEnglishinthelast3monthswiththepurposeofcommunicatingwithforeignersfreely.我在過去的3個(gè)月里一直在練習(xí)英語口語，目的是與外國(guó)人自由交流。注意：現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)可以表示動(dòng)作的重復(fù)，而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生過?，F(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作，而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果。Someonehasphonedyou.有人給你打電話了。Someonehasbeenphoningyou.有人一直在給你打電話。(三)過去完成時(shí)1．過去完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成為had＋done，表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)間之前已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作，即過去完成時(shí)的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在“過去的過去”，句中有明顯的參照動(dòng)作或時(shí)間狀語(before，after，by，uptill)，這種時(shí)態(tài)從來不孤立使用。ThescholarandIbecamefriendsin2000，althoughwehadmetseveralyearsbefore.這位學(xué)者和我在2000年成了朋友，盡管在幾年前我們就見過面。2．動(dòng)詞hope，expect，think，intend，mean，want，suppose，plan用過去完成時(shí)，表示未實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望、打算和意圖。Ihadintendedtocallonyou，butIhadanunexpectedvisitor.我本來打算去看你，但是來了一位不速之客。3．在“hardly(scarcely)．..when...，nosooner...than...”句型結(jié)構(gòu)中，主句用過去完成時(shí)，從句用一般過去時(shí)，意思為“一……就……”。Hardlyhadthespecialistfinishedhislecturewhentheaudiencebeganaskinghimquestions.專家剛一結(jié)束他的講座，觀眾就開始向他提問。4．by，bytheendof，bythetime，until，before，since后接表示過去某一時(shí)間的短語或從句時(shí)，主句用過去完成時(shí)。BythetimeJackreturnedhomefromEngland，hissonhadgraduatedfromcollege.杰克從英國(guó)回到家時(shí)，他的兒子已經(jīng)大學(xué)畢業(yè)了。5．表示“第幾次做某事”，主句用過去時(shí)，從句用過去完成時(shí)。Thatwasthesecondtimethatshehadseenthevalefullofgoldendaffodils.那是她第二次看到這個(gè)長(zhǎng)滿金色水仙花的山谷。(四)過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的構(gòu)成為had＋been＋doing，主要表示過去某一時(shí)間以前一直在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或表示動(dòng)作在過去某一時(shí)間之前開始并延續(xù)到過去某一時(shí)間，這一動(dòng)作可能已經(jīng)停止也可能還在進(jìn)行。WhenAlicecametoherself，shedidnotknowhowlongshehadbeenlyingthere.當(dāng)艾麗絲醒過來的時(shí)候，她不知道自己已在那兒躺了多久。(表示lie這一動(dòng)作先于cametoherself發(fā)生，且lie這一動(dòng)作還在進(jìn)行)ShetoldmethatshehadbeenstudyingFrenchfor5years.她告訴我她已經(jīng)學(xué)習(xí)法語5年了。(五)將來完成時(shí)將來完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成為will＋have＋done，用來表示在將來某一時(shí)間以前已經(jīng)完成或一直持續(xù)的動(dòng)作。經(jīng)常與“before＋將來時(shí)間”或“by＋將來時(shí)間”連用，也可與before或bythetime引導(dǎo)的現(xiàn)在時(shí)的從句連用。Pickmeupat8am，andIwillhavehadbreakfastbythen.早上8點(diǎn)鐘來接我，到時(shí)我已經(jīng)吃完早飯了。Thetrainwillhaveleftbeforeyouarriveatthestationifyougetupat6∶00am.如果你早上6點(diǎn)起床，你到達(dá)車站之前火車就已經(jīng)離開了。二、短語動(dòng)詞(一)定義由兩個(gè)或三個(gè)詞組成的短語，第一個(gè)是動(dòng)詞，第二個(gè)是副詞或介詞，或者副詞后面再跟介詞，然后再跟賓語，這種詞組就叫短語動(dòng)詞(PhrasalVerbs)。短語動(dòng)詞又叫多詞動(dòng)詞(multiple-wordverbs)。(二)短語動(dòng)詞的類型1．vt./vi.＋prep.(及物動(dòng)詞/不及物動(dòng)詞＋介詞)listento聽，lookat看，lookafter照顧，lookfor尋找，hearof聽說，askfor要求，請(qǐng)求，thinkof/about考慮，思考Ishookmyhead，lookingatthepaperindisbelief.我搖了搖頭，難以置信地看著那張報(bào)紙。Idohopeyoucanthinkaboutmysuggestionscarefully.我真的希望你能仔細(xì)考慮我的建議。Iamwritingtoaskforyourvaluableadviceaboutmydramaperformance.我寫信征求你對(duì)我的戲劇表演的寶貴建議。2．vt./vi.＋adv.(及物動(dòng)詞/不及物動(dòng)詞＋副詞)turnoff關(guān)掉，turnon打開，workout解決，putforward提出，putoff推遲，findout找到，giveup放棄，calloff取消Threehourslater，hestillcouldn’tworkouttheproblem，sohehadtogiveup.3個(gè)小時(shí)后，他仍然無法解決這個(gè)問題，所以他不得不放棄。ThescholarputforwardtheproposalthatweshouldputoffthecollegeentranceexaminationtillJuly.學(xué)者提出了一個(gè)建議，即我們應(yīng)該把高考推遲到7月份。Makesurethatyouhaveturnedoffthelightsbeforeleavingthelab.在離開實(shí)驗(yàn)室前，確保你已經(jīng)關(guān)掉了燈。3．vt./vi.＋adv.＋prep.(及物動(dòng)詞/不及物動(dòng)詞＋副詞＋介詞)getawaywith做……而不受懲罰，breakawayfrom放棄，脫離，fitinwith適應(yīng)，putupwith忍受，runoutof用完，lookforwardto盼望，getdownto開始認(rèn)真處理Mustweputupwiththeincreasinglyseriouspollution?Shouldwehavesomefactoriesgettingawaywithdamagingtheenvironment?Isn’tittimetogetdowntodealingwiththeproblem?Iamlookingforwardtoseeingclearersky，cleanerriversandgreenermountains.我們必須忍受日益嚴(yán)重的污染嗎？我們能坐視一些工廠破壞環(huán)境而不受懲罰嗎？難道不是時(shí)候著手處理這個(gè)問題了嗎？我期待看到更明朗的天，更清的河和更綠的山。4．vt.＋n.＋prep.(及物動(dòng)詞＋名詞＋介詞)makefriendswith和……交朋友，makeuseof利用，makefunof取笑，takepartin參加，shakehandswith和……握手，keeppacewith保持同步Innocaseshouldwemakefunofpeoplewithdisabilities.在任何情況下，我們都不應(yīng)取笑殘疾人。Nowadays，wemustupdateourskillsconstantlytokeeppacewiththedevelopingsociety.如今，我們必須不斷更新我們的技能，以跟上社會(huì)發(fā)展的步伐。5．be＋adj.(v.-ed)＋prep.(be＋形容詞/過去分詞＋介詞，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)及物動(dòng)詞)beafraidof害怕，beangrywith生氣，beawareof意識(shí)到，bebusywith忙于，becertainof確信，belatefor遲到，beinterestedin對(duì)……感興趣，besatisfiedwith對(duì)……滿意，beexcitedat對(duì)……感到興奮，betiredof厭煩，beworriedabout擔(dān)心，beboredwith厭倦，感到無聊Luckily，manyofushavebeenawareoftheimportanceofenvironmentalprotection.幸運(yùn)的是，我們很多人已經(jīng)意識(shí)到了環(huán)境保護(hù)的重要性。IamnotsatisfiedwiththepurchaseandIwantmymoneyback.我對(duì)這次購物不滿意，所以我想退款。Myfatherisinterestedinpoetryandthesedaysheisbusywithapoetryrecitationcompetition.我爸爸對(duì)詩歌很感興趣，這些天他忙于一場(chǎng)詩歌朗誦比賽。(三)常見的動(dòng)詞短語go短語goabout著手做；(謠言等)流傳；從事goagainst反對(duì)；不利于；違背goahead前進(jìn)，繼續(xù)；干吧goby經(jīng)過，過去；流逝goinfor喜歡；參加；贊成；從事goover溫習(xí)；檢查；反復(fù)研究gothrough審查；通過；經(jīng)歷；忍受；完成(艱難的事)goup上升，上漲；建造gowithout無須，沒有……也行g(shù)et短語geton/along(well)with進(jìn)展/相處/身體狀況(良好)getacross把……講清楚；(使)被理解getaway離開；休假getdown記下，寫下；使沮喪getover克服；恢復(fù)getdownto(doing)sth開始認(rèn)真處理/對(duì)待某事getat不斷指責(zé)；到達(dá)；了解；查明come短語comeabout發(fā)生comeacross偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)，遇到；被理解；給人以……的印象comedown跌落；崩塌；降低；染病cometo恢復(fù)常態(tài)；共計(jì)；達(dá)到comeup走近；上來；發(fā)芽；發(fā)生comeupwith提出；想出comeout出版；產(chǎn)生；開花break短語breakawayfrom脫離；逃離；甩掉breakdown消除，瓦解；出故障；垮掉；失聲痛哭breakinto闖入；強(qiáng)行進(jìn)入；突然開始(哭、笑、跑)breakout爆發(fā)，突然發(fā)生breakthrough突破，沖破breakup解散；結(jié)束bring短語bringabout導(dǎo)致，引起bringback送回；使回憶；使恢復(fù)bringdown使下降，降低；擊敗bringout使顯現(xiàn)；出版；生產(chǎn)bringup撫養(yǎng)，培養(yǎng)；提出；嘔吐bringin掙；引入；讓……參與give短語giveaway贈(zèng)送；錯(cuò)失(優(yōu)勢(shì))；泄露giveback歸還；使恢復(fù)givein屈服，讓步，投降；上交giveoff發(fā)出(煙，氣味等)giveout分發(fā)，公布，發(fā)出；筋疲力盡；用完giveup放棄；停止givewayto讓步，退卻；屈服于look短語lookaround東張西望，環(huán)視；參觀；搜尋lookbackon/upon回顧……lookdownon/upon俯視；輕視，看不起lookforwardto盼望；期待lookinto調(diào)查，審查lookon/upon...as...把……看作……lookout向外看；注意；當(dāng)心，提防lookthrough透過……看去；瀏覽，快速查看lookup查閱；抬頭看；好轉(zhuǎn)；拜訪lookupto仰慕；尊敬語法填空IamDr.Frank，anexpertinUFOs.I1.havebeenobserving(observe)alienssince1963whenIwasalittleboy.ThefirsttimewassofrighteningthattheytriedtospeakwhatIwassayingandwantedtomakefriends2.withme.Sincethen，wehavebeentalkingwitheachotherbyspecialdevice.I3.havetaken(take)manypictureswithalienssofarbecausetheyvisittheEarthfromtime4.totime.RecentlyI5.haveseen(see)anunusualnumberofUFOsandIhavebeentryingtocontactthem.IfIgetsomeinformation，Iwillimmediatelyreporttothepolice.Ⅰ.單句語法填空1．Peoplehavebeenpouring(pour)intostadiumssincethedaysofancientGreece.2．Alreadythisyear,115measlescaseshavebeenreported(report)intheUSA，comparedwith189foralloflastyear.3．Languageshavebeencoming(come)andgoingforthousandsofyears，butinrecenttimestherehasbeenlesscomingandalotmoregoing.4．WhenWashingtonwrotethat，Englishmenhadbeenreferring(refer)toinsectsasbugsformorethanacentury.5．Thechiefengineertogetherwithhiscolleagueshasbeenlooking(look)fornewscientificmethodsoffarmingsincefiveyearsago.6．Itwasreallyannoying;Icouldn’tgetaccesstothedatabankyouhadrecommended(recommend)．7．Arescueworkerriskedhislifesavingtwotouristswhohadbeentrapped(trap)inthemountainsfortwodays.8．YesterdayIcameacrossanoldfriendinthehospital.Iaskedhimhowitcameaboutthathefellill.Hesaidhehadbeenstayinguplatetowriteabook.Finallythebookcameout，buthecamedown.9．Tomcouldn’tgetonwellwithhislessonswhenhefirstcametotheschool.Whattheteachersaiddidn’tgetacrosstohim.Hisfathertoldhimtogetdownwhattheteachersaidandhegotoverthedifficultiesatlast.10．Georgeisgoingthroughahardtime.HealwaysgoesinforE-sports，whichgoesagainsthisparents’will.Hisparentsaremoregladtoseehimgoingoverhislessons.Ⅱ.單句寫作1．醫(yī)生們已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)了幾種這種病毒的變體。Doctorshavediscoveredseveralvariationsofthevirus.2．我喜歡跳舞，多年來我一直在業(yè)余時(shí)間上舞蹈課。IlikedancingandIhavebeentakingdancinglessonsinmysparetimeformanyyears.3．事實(shí)上，在你道歉之前，你的父母已經(jīng)原諒了你的錯(cuò)誤。Infact，yourparentshadforgivenyouforyourmistakesbeforeyouapologized.4．在我回來之前，我的父母一直在激動(dòng)地爭(zhēng)論著什么。MyparentshadbeenarguingaboutsomethingemotionallybeforeIcameback.5．到這學(xué)期結(jié)束時(shí)，我們將學(xué)會(huì)大約3000個(gè)英語單詞。Bytheendofthisterm，wewillhavelearnedabout3,000Englishwords.Ⅲ.閱讀理解Forgenerations，depressionhasbeenseenasanillness，disorderorevenweakness.Suchanideamakessensebecausedepressioncausessufferingandevendeath.Butwhatifwe’vegotitallwrong?Thecommonwisdomisthatdepressionstartsinthemindwithabnormalthinking.Thatleadstosymptomslikeheadaches，stomachaches，ortiredness.Now，modelslikethePolyvagalTheorysuggestthatwe’vegotitbackward.It’sthebodythatdetectsdangerandinitiatesadefensestrategymeanttohelpussurvive.Thatbiologicalstrategyiscalledimmobilization，anditdemonstratesinthemindandthebodywithasetofsymptomswecalldepression.Whenwethinkofdepressionasunnecessarysuffering，wearetellingpeoplewithdepressionthattheyarenotpartofthegroup，theyarenotrightandtheydon’tbelong.Thatrobsthemofhope.Butwhenwebegintounderstandthatdepression，atleastinitially，happensforagoodreasonwelifttheshame.Instead，peoplewithdepressionarecourageoussurvivors，notdamagedsickpeople.Theautonomicnervoussystem(ANS)isconstantlyscanningourinternalandexternalenvironmentforsignsofdanger.IfourANSdetectsathreatorevenasimplelackofsafety，itsnextstrategyisthefightorflightresponse，whichweoftenfeelasanxiety.Sometimesthethreatissobadorgoesonforsolong，thatthenervoussystemdecidesthereisnowaytofightortoflee.Atthatpoint，thereisonlyoneoptionleft:immobilization.Theimmobilizationresponseistheoriginalbiologicaldefenseinhigheranimals.Itdullspainandmakesusfeeldisconnected.Thinkofsomereptiles(爬行動(dòng)物)，whichshutdowntheirbodiestoavoidcoldtemperaturesandthelackoffoodandwater.Inhumans，peopleoftendescribefeeling“outoftheirbodies”duringextremelyunpleasantevents，whichhasadefensiveeffectofreducingtheemotionalshock.Thisisimportantbecausesomethingsaresoterrible，wedon’twantpeopletobefullypresentwhentheyhappen.Whatincrediblecapacityofourbiologytofindawayinhardtimes!語篇解讀這是一篇說明文。文章講述了抑郁癥并非如大多人所想的那樣是給人帶來痛苦的，相反它是一種自我保護(hù)機(jī)制。1．WhydoestheauthormentionthePolyvagalTheory?A．Toofferastandardforidentifyingdepression.B．Toraisepeople’sawarenessofmentalproblems.C．Tomakesenseofhowdepressionaffectspeople.D．Tocorrectacommonlyheldideaaboutdepression.答案D解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Now，modelslikethePolyvagalTheorysuggestthatwe’vegotitbackward.”可知，這個(gè)理論證明我們將抑郁癥理解反了，所以這個(gè)理論是用來糾正我們對(duì)抑郁癥的既有觀點(diǎn)。故選D。2．Whatcanweinferfromparagraph3?A．Depressioncanbringpeopleincrisishope.B．Peoplemayfeelitwrongtohavedepression.C．Depressionisanunnecessaryhumanemotion.D．Peopleoftenfeelproudoffightingdepression.答案B解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段第一、二句可知，當(dāng)我們認(rèn)為抑郁癥是不必要的痛苦時(shí)，我們是在告訴抑郁癥患者，他們不屬于這個(gè)群體，他們是不對(duì)的。這剝奪了他們的希望。這是人們對(duì)抑郁癥通常的看法，所以人們往往會(huì)認(rèn)為得抑郁癥是一件不好的事情，故選B。3．Whatis“immobilization”inthetext?A．Buildingupanxiety.B．Risingtochallenges.C．Shuttingdownaction.D．Pullingthroughacrisis.答案C解析詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)最后一段第二、三句“Itdullspainandmakesusfeeldisconnected.Thinkofsomereptiles(爬行動(dòng)物)，whichshutdowntheirbodiestoavoidcoldtemperaturesandthelackoffoodandwater.”可推知，immobilization這個(gè)詞的大概意思就是減少活動(dòng)，減少與周圍人的接觸，故選C。4．Inwhichorderdoesourbodyreacttoanextremelyunpleasantsituation?①seektoworkoutsolutions②becomeawareofathreat③experienceemotionalshock④startdefensivedisconnectionA．②③④① B．④②①③C．②①③④ D．④①②③答案C解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段第二句可知，如果我們的ANS檢測(cè)到威脅，它的下一個(gè)策略就是戰(zhàn)斗或逃跑反應(yīng)，即試圖找出解決方法，故②①符合。根據(jù)第五段中“Inhumans，peopleoftendescribefeeling‘outoftheirbodies’duringextremelyunpleasantevents，whichhasadefensiveeffectofreducingtheemotionalshock.”可知，最后一步是④防御。故選C。Ⅳ.完形填空10-year-oldSashaOlsenwentonatripinthesummerof2021withherfamilytoVietnamandJapan.Shewasshockedattheocean’spollutionlevelsanddyingseaanimals.“WewentonthistripandIwasso1，”saidSasha.“ButwhenIsawthewaytheoceanshadbecome，Igotupset.Iwantedtoknowwhythingswerethiswaybutcouldn’tfindan2.”WhenshereturnedhometoBalHarbour，F(xiàn)lorida，shegrewevenmore3.Shelearnedsomeofthe4inSouthFloridahadbeenclosedbythehealthdepartmentbecausethe5hadtoomuchbacteria(細(xì)菌)init.Sashasoughtthe6ofhercousin，NarminaAliyev.Together，they7anonprofitorganization—Iwantmyoceanback.8thegroupstartedsmall，withfriendsjoiningtogetheronweekendsto9thebeachesinBalHarbour.Recently，however，shehas10eventstoraisefundsforbeachcleanupsandto11toprotectiongroups.“It’s12tobringawarenessnotjustthroughdoingcleanupsandmeetings，buttoshowpeopletheycancometogetherthroughtheirhobbiesand13togethertoacommongoal，”saidSasha.Sashahopesto14theirworktoneighboringcities.“Wereallywanttomakeourselvesvisibleand15toall，”saidSasha.“Afterall，inMiamitheoceaniseveryone’sbackyard.Thisisthebestplacetostart.”語篇解讀本文是一篇記敘文，介紹的是小女孩SashaOlsen在一次旅行經(jīng)歷中注意到海洋污染問題，于是與表姐共同建立了一個(gè)非營(yíng)利組織清理海灘，并組織活動(dòng)提高人們的環(huán)保意識(shí)。1．A.tired B．depressedC．excited D．disappointed答案C解析根據(jù)下文“ButwhenIsawthewaytheoceanshadbecome，Igotupset.”中的But可知，此空與upset相反，故應(yīng)為“興奮的”。故選C。2．A.answer B．a(chǎn)pproachC．opportunity D．opinion答案A解析根據(jù)上文“Iwantedtoknowwhythingswerethisway”中的why可知，此處應(yīng)該是找不到這個(gè)問題的“答案”。故選A。3．A.absorbed B．upsetC．embarrassed D．confused答案B解析根據(jù)上文中的“ButwhenIsawthewaytheoceanshadbecome，Igotupset.”和下文以及空前的“evenmore”可知，此處指的是更加“沮喪”。故選B。4．A.organizations B．oceansC．a(chǎn)nimals D．beaches答案D解析根據(jù)下文中的“withfriendsjoiningtogetheronweekendstothebeachesinBalHarbour”可知，此處指的是一些“沙灘”被關(guān)閉了。故選D。5．A.trip B．cityC．water D．people答案C解析根據(jù)前文的“ocean’spollutionlevels”和下文“hadtoomuchbacteria(細(xì)菌)init”可知，此處指的是“水”中有太多細(xì)菌。故選C。6．A.help B．suggestionC．praise D．comfort答案A解析結(jié)合語境和句意可知，此處指的是Sasha尋求她的表姐的“幫助”。故選A。7．A.pickedup B．tookupC．setup D．gotup答案C解析根據(jù)下文中的“anonprofitorganization—Iwantmyoceanback”可知，此處指的是“成立”一個(gè)非營(yíng)利性組織。故選C。8．A.Fortunately B．OriginallyC．Consequently D．Temporarily答案B解析根據(jù)下文“thegroupstartedsmall”可推斷，“起初”該組織規(guī)模比較小。故選B。9．A.research B．pickC．explore D．clean答案D解析根據(jù)下文中的“notjustthroughdoingcleanups”可知，這個(gè)組織在周末會(huì)去“清理”沙灘。故選D。10．A.held B．boughtC．recorded D．witnessed答案A解析根據(jù)下文“eventstoraisefunds”可知，活動(dòng)與“舉辦”搭配，舉辦活動(dòng)來籌集資金。故選A。11．A.refer B．turnC．donate D．lead答案C解析根據(jù)上文中的“toraisefundsforbeachcleanups”可知，此處與舉辦活動(dòng)為海洋清理籌集資金相照應(yīng)，指給保護(hù)組織捐款。故選C。12．A.foolish B．importantC．potential D．a(chǎn)ppealing答案B解析根據(jù)下文中的“tobringawareness”以及語境可知，提高人們的意識(shí)是很“重要的”。故選B。13．A.learn B．makeC．play D．work答案D解析根據(jù)上文中的“theycancometogetherthroughtheirhobbies”以及下文中的“toacommongoal”可知，此處指的是人們?yōu)榱斯餐哪繕?biāo)一起努力。故選D。14．A.extend B．observeC．convey D．a(chǎn)nnounce答案A解析根據(jù)下文中的“toneighboringcities”可知，此處表示將此工作“拓展”到鄰近城市。故選A。15．A.intelligent B．individualC．interesting D．influential答案D解析結(jié)合語境可知，將這些工作拓展到鄰近的城市，就是為了擴(kuò)大該組織的“影響力”。故選D。Ⅴ.語法填空ThereisnodoubtthathumankinddreamsofmakingMarsoursecondhome.However，sendingpeopletherewillrequirealltheskills，courageand1.(intelligent)ofthehumanrace.WhiletheMooncanbereachedwithindays，itwouldtakemonthstoreachMars,2.__________(travel)throughdangeroussolarradiation.AndevenifthefirstsettlersdoreachMarssafely，stayingalivewillbe3.dailychallenge，butasprovedbytheBios