必修二Unit3TheInternet單元培優(yōu)綜合測試卷

必修二Unit3TheInternet單元培優(yōu)綜合測試卷第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。A（2024·河北滄州·三模）MobilemessagingappsofferasuperioralternativetoemailandtextmessagingandfreevideocallingoverWiFiordataplans.Asidefromtheappsyou’refamiliarwith,someofthebestmessagingappsfordesktopandmobiledevicesarehere.WhatsAppAmobiletextmessagingappdesignedforsmartphonesandtabletsletsyousendtextmessages,makeVoIP(VoiceoverInternetPhone)calls,andsharefilesfromyourphoneorputer.Italsoletsyoushareyourlocation,andyoucanviewtheotherperson’slocationwithoutleavingtheapp,thankstoabuiltinmap.SnapchatDifferentfrommostmobilemunicationapps,itcanmakemessagesdisappearafteryousenditandit’sviewed.Theappdevelopersthendeletethemfromtheirservers.YoucanalsosendmessageswithoutpicturesanduseSnapcashtosendandreceivemoneyfromyourphone.TelegramAcloudbasedmessagingserviceisaccessiblefromallofyourdevices.Unlikemostmessagingapps,itallowsyoutoeditanddeletemessagesevenaftersendingthem.Additionally,youcansendfiles,andshareyourlocation.Italsoletsyousendmessagesthatareautomaticallydeletedafteranappointedtime.SilentPhoneThisappsupportsoneononevideochat,multipartyvoiceconferencingforuptosixparticipants,etc.CallsandtextsbetweenSilentPhoneusersareencrypted(加密)endtoendonmobiledevices,consideredthebestforthosetohandlesensitivedata.ThebuiltinBurnfeatureletsyousetanautodestructtimeformessagesfromoneminutetothreemonthsforfurthersecurity.1．Whichappcanhelpyoueasilyfindwheretheotheris?A．Snapchat. B．WhatsApp. C．Telegram. D．SilentPhone.2．WhatdoTelegramandSnapchathaveinmon?A．Userscansendandreceivemoneyontheirphones.B．Userscanfreelydeletepicturesfromtheservers.C．Userscansharetheirlocationswitheachother.D．Userscanfeelrelievedastheirprivacyisprotected.3．WhoismorelikelytouseSilentPhone?A．Thosewhooftensendmessages. B．Thosewhoenjoyhavingvideochats.C．Thosewhomanagetheirpanies. D．Thosewhoareintoencrypteddevices.【答案】1．B2．D3．C【導語】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了四款應(yīng)用軟件及各自的優(yōu)勢。1．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)WhatsApp中“Italsoletsyoushareyourlocation,andyoucanviewtheotherperson’slocationwithoutleavingtheapp,thankstoabuiltinmap.(它還可以讓你分享你的位置，由于內(nèi)置了地圖，你可以在不離開應(yīng)用程序的情況下查看他人的位置)”可知，WhatsApp這款應(yīng)用軟件可以幫助你查看他人的位置。故選B。2．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Snapchat中“Differentfrommostmobilemunicationapps,itcanmakemessagesdisappearafteryousenditandit’sviewed.(與大多數(shù)移動通信應(yīng)用程序不同，它可以讓消息在發(fā)送和查看后消失)”和Telegram中“Acloudbasedmessagingserviceisaccessiblefromallofyourdevices.Unlikemostmessagingapps,itallowsyoutoeditanddeletemessagesevenaftersendingthem.Additionally,youcansendfiles,andshareyourlocation.Italsoletsyousendmessagesthatareautomaticallydeletedafteranappointedtime.(基于云的消息服務(wù)可從您的所有設(shè)備訪問。與大多數(shù)消息應(yīng)用程序不同，它允許您在發(fā)送消息后編輯和刪除消息。此外，您還可以發(fā)送文件并共享您的位置。它還允許您發(fā)送在指定時間后自動刪除的消息)”可知，這兩款應(yīng)用軟件都能自動刪除用戶發(fā)送的消息，間接保護了用戶的隱私。故選D。3．推理判斷題。根據(jù)SilentPhone中“Thisappsupportsoneononevideochat,multipartyvoiceconferencingforuptosixparticipants,etc.CallsandtextsbetweenSilentPhoneusersareencrypted(加密)endtoendonmobiledevices,consideredthebestforthosetohandlesensitivedata.(該應(yīng)用程序支持一對一視頻聊天、最多可容納六名參與者的多方語音會議等。SilentPhone用戶之間的通話和短信在移動設(shè)備上進行端到端加密，被認為是處理敏感數(shù)據(jù)的最佳方式)”可知，該應(yīng)用軟件適合多人會議和處理敏感數(shù)據(jù)，由此可推知，公司管理者更有可能使用這款軟件。故選C。B（2024·浙江紹興·三模）Sandoval,whoesfromLosAngeles,hastraveledandfilmedinover50countriesacrosssevencontinentsandnowlivesinChina.“In2008,tiredofmystudioworkintheU.S,IcametoChina,thinkingIwouldbehereoneortwoyears,butithasturnedouttobe16years!”hesaid.Hehopeshisphotographswillinspireotherstoembarkonadventuresaswell.SandovalisaprofessionalphotographerandlearnedmercialphotographyatwhatwasthentheBrooksInstituteofPhotography.Withthehopeoftryingsomethingdifferentforhimself,hewenttoChengduinSouthwestChinatoliveinOctober2008andhastraveledthroughoutthecountrysincethen.Inthebeginning,hedideditorialworkformagazinesbothinandoutsideSichuan,suchasVogue.ThenheworkedwiththeSichuantourismdepartmenttoproducetravelbrochures,andalsoonadcampaignsfordestinationsforcorporatepanies.Tohim,Chengduisthecapitalofalaidbacklifestyle.Hewasdelightedtoseethatresidents,dressedstylishlyorfortably,strolledinthestreets“asslowlyassnails”.Almosta“walkingencyclopedia”ofChengdu,SandovalcoveredeverycornerofChengduandrecordedChengdueseandtheirliveswithhiscamera,listeningtothesoundofmahjongtilesbeingshuffledandmusicfromtraditionalstringedinstruments.Healsogoesfromplacetoplacewithhisheavytravelkit.Thevariedcultureandvast,beautifullandhaskepthiminChinamuchlongerthanhehadplannedinthebeginning.HeremembersawiderangeofadventureslikeexploringalocalvineyardandlocalwineinYinchuanCity,aridingperformancebyaMongolianethnicgroupintheShuidonggouHorseRidingShow,andthenthetotallydifferentexperienceofvisitingtheHainanFreeTradePortinthesouth.Hethinkshehasdonealotin“thisbeautifulandvastcountry”withhis“travelphotos”.“ItrytoshowpeoplethebeautyofwhereIgo.Itrytoinspirethemtotravelandgotoplaces.I’mhopingtodomoreinternationalwork,”hesaid.4．WhydidSandovaletoChina?A．Hewasnotgoodatstudiowork. B．Hewantedtostepoutofthefortzone.C．Hehadapreferenceforinternationalwork. D．HewasattractedbythepicturesquenatureofChina.5．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“l(fā)aidback”inParagraph4referto?A．Leisurely. B．Simple. C．Luxurious. D．Healthy.6．Sandoval’sexperiencesaroundChinaarementionedinParagraph5toshow_______.A．Sandoval’sdiversehobbies B．Sandoval’sdesirefornewcareersC．Sandoval’ssuperbphototechnique D．Sandoval’sfascinationforChineseculture7．Whatisthewritingpurposeofthispassage?A．Tocallonreaderstotakeupphotography.B．TopraiseSandovalforspreadingChineseculture.C．TofacilitatethedevelopmentoftourisminChengdu.D．Tointroducetheexperienceofaprofessionalphotographer.【答案】4．B5．A6．D7．D【導語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了專業(yè)攝影師Sandoval的故事，他來自洛杉磯，曾在全球50多個國家旅行和拍攝，后來為了尋求新的生活體驗來到中國，原本計劃只待一兩年，卻意外地在中國生活了16年，通過照片展示了中國的美麗，還記錄下了成都人和他們的生活。4．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Withthehopeoftryingsomethingdifferentforhimself,hewenttoChengduinSouthwestChinatoliveinOctober2008andhastraveledthroughoutthecountrysincethen.(2008年10月，懷揣著嘗試一些不同的東西的希望，他去了中國西南部的成都生活，從那時起，他就在全國各地旅行)”可知，Sandoval到中國來是因為他想走出自己的舒適區(qū)，嘗試一些不同的東西。故選B項。5．詞句猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞的下文“Hewasdelightedtoseethatresidents,dressedstylishlyorfortably,strolledinthestreets“asslowlyassnails”.(他很高興看到居民們穿著時髦或舒適，在街上“像蝸牛一樣慢”地散步)”可知，成都的居民們非常自如地在街上慢慢地散步。由此可知，當?shù)氐纳罘绞绞怯崎e的，畫線詞意思應(yīng)該是“悠閑的，閑散的”，與Leisurely意思相近。故選A項。6．推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“Thevariedcultureandvast,beautifullandhaskepthiminChinamuchlongerthanhehadplannedinthebeginning.HeremembersawiderangeofadventureslikeexploringalocalvineyardandlocalwineinYinchuanCity,aridingperformancebyaMongolianethnicgroupintheShuidonggouHorseRidingShow,andthenthetotallydifferentexperienceofvisitingtheHainanFreeTradePortinthesouth.(多樣的文化和廣袤美麗的土地使他在中國停留的時間比他最初計劃的要長得多。他記得各種各樣的冒險經(jīng)歷，比如在銀川市探索當?shù)氐钠咸褕@和當?shù)氐钠咸丫?，在水洞溝騎馬表演中觀看蒙古民族的騎馬表演，然后參觀南方海南自由貿(mào)易港的完全不同的體驗)”可推知，這里提到了Sandoval在中國的經(jīng)歷，以顯示他對中國文化的迷戀。故選D項。7．推理判斷題。通讀全文，尤其是第一段中“Sandoval,whoesfromLosAngeles,hastraveledandfilmedinover50countriesacrosssevencontinentsandnowlivesinChina.(Sandoval來自洛杉磯，曾在七大洲的50多個國家旅行和拍攝，現(xiàn)在住在中國)”可知，文章講述了專業(yè)攝影師Sandoval的故事。他來自洛杉磯，曾在全球50多個國家旅行和拍攝，后來為了尋求新的生活體驗來到中國，原本計劃只待一兩年，卻意外地在中國生活了16年，通過照片展示了中國的美麗，還記錄下了成都人和他們的生活。因此，文章的目的應(yīng)該是介紹一位專業(yè)攝影師的經(jīng)歷。故選D項。C（2024·山東·三模）Deforestation——byclearcuttingorwildfires——hasmassiveconsequencesbothonclimateandhealth.ButleavingreforestationtoMotherNaturecantakedecades,particularlyasdisastrouswildfiresareincreasinginfrequencyandintensity.Andthetime,costandlabourinvolvedmakestraditionalmethodsoftreeplantingnotaspracticalastheyoncewere.BryceJonesknowshowharditistoreplantforests.Forfourmonthsin2013,heworkedasatreeplanterthroughoutCanada.“There’snotechnologythere,”hesays.“Theonlywayyoucanautomatereforestationisthroughtheair.”Butitwasn’tuntil2019thathehitontheonethathethoughthadpotential:usedrones(無人機)tofirespeciallydesignedseedpods(莢)intotheground—at10timesthenormalrateandcosting20percentlessthantraditionalmethods.HeproposedtheideatohisbrotherandFlashForestwasborn.Hisfirstgoalwastoplantabilliontreesby2025.Theteamtookoutaloan,boughtadroneandused3DprintersatJones’sschooltomakecastsofthepods.Now,onlytwoandahalfyearslater,thepanyhasagroupofdroneswitheachabletocarryseveralthousandpodsperflight.Threeoperatorsworkinafield,controllingfivedrones,whoseflightstake15to20minutes.FlashForest’sbigdrawisitsseedpod,whichcontainseverythingseedlings(幼苗)needtopromotesurvival.Anditstechnologyallowsthemtoreachpostburnsitesorremoteareasthataredifficultfortraditionaltreeplanting.Therearechallengeseveryday,Jonessays,astheyworktoimprovetheengineering,hardware,softwareandseedpodrecipes.Thentherearethechallengespresentedbytheclimate——thisyear,recordtemperatures,recordwildfiresanddrought.“Thatwassomethingthatwastotallyoutofourcontrol,”hesays.Unlikesometraditionalformsofreforestation,FlashForestisfocusedonbiodiversity.ForJones,thetargetofplantingabilliontreesby2025isjustthebeginning.“Ihaveadreamthatthepanywillplantonsixcontinents——everywherewhereourtechnologyisneeded,”hesays.8．Whatdoestheauthorintendtotellusinparagraph1?A．Thebenefitsofreforestation. B．ThepowerofMotherNature.C．Thewayofputtingoutwildfires. D．Theurgencytoseekaplantingway.9．WhatarethefeaturesofJones’technology?A．Efficientandcostsaving. B．Innovativeandbackbreaking.C．Priceyandgroundbreaking. D．Challengingandtimeconsuming.10．WhatcontributestotheparticularappealofFlashForest?A．Itsdroneoperators. B．Thefrequentflights.C．Itsseedpod. D．Thelowcostofseedlings.11．WhatcanweinferaboutFlashForestfromthelastparagraph?A．Itchangeditsfocusinthepast. B．Itwillachieveitsfinaltargetin2025.C．Itmightbeavailableworldwideoneday. D．Ithasreplacedtraditionalformsofreforestation.【答案】8．D9．A10．C11．C【導語】本文是說明文，文章主要介紹了一項新的科技應(yīng)用——使用無人機進行森林再造。8．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段的“Andthetime,costandlabourinvolvedmakestraditionalmethodsoftreeplantingnotaspracticalastheyoncewere.(通過砍伐樹木或野火毀林對氣候和健康都有巨大的影響。但是，把重新造林交給大自然可能需要幾十年的時間，尤其是在災(zāi)難性的野火頻率和強度都在增加的情況下。而且所涉及的時間、成本和勞動力使得傳統(tǒng)的植樹方法不像以前那么實用了)”可知，把重新造林交給大自然是來不及的以及用傳統(tǒng)的種樹方法不切實際，因此人們需要更先進的種樹方法，體現(xiàn)出采用新的種植方法的緊迫性。故選D項。9．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的“usedronestofirespeciallydesignedseedpodsintotheground—at10timesthenormalrateandcosting20percentlessthantraditionalmethods.(使用無人機向地面發(fā)射專門設(shè)計的種子莢，速度是正常速度的10倍，成本比傳統(tǒng)方法低20%。)”可知，瓊斯的種樹技術(shù)高效且節(jié)省成本。故選A項。10．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的“FlashForest’sbigdrawisitsseedpod,whichcontainseverythingseedlingsneedtopromotesurvival.(FlashForest最大的吸引力在于它的種子莢，里面包含了幼苗生存所需的一切。)”可知，F(xiàn)lashForest最大的吸引力在于它的種子莢。故選C項。11．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的“Unlikesometraditionalformsofreforestation,FlashForestisfocusedonbiodiversity.ForJones,thetargetofplantingabilliontreesby2025isjustthebeginning.“Ihaveadreamthatthepanywillplantonsixcontinents——everywherewhereourtechnologyisneeded,”hesays.(與一些傳統(tǒng)的重新造林形式不同，F(xiàn)lashForest專注于生物多樣性。對瓊斯來說，到2025年種植10億棵樹的目標只是一個開始。他說：“我有一個夢想，那就是公司將在六大洲，即在任何需要我們技術(shù)的地方種樹?！?”可知，瓊斯希望FlashForest能夠推廣至全世界，得到廣泛的應(yīng)用。故選C項。D（2024·湖南·二模）Deepfake:synthetic(合成的)media,includingimages,videos,andaudio,isgeneratedbyAltechnologytoshowsomethingthatdoesnotexistoreventsthathaveneveroccurred.Examplesofdeepfakeshavebeenwidelyspread,includingavideoofFacebookCEOMarkZuckerberggivingaspeechabouthispany’splan,andavideoofElonMuskdancingandtalkingaboutthepowerofdreams,etc.It’seasyforAItoproducesuchdeepfakesusingtwodifferentdeeplearningalgorithms(算法):onethatcreatesthebestpossibleclonebasedonarealimageorvideoandanotherthatdetectswhetherthecopyisfake(偽造的)and,ifitis,reportsonthedifferencesbetweenitandtheoriginal.Thefirstalgorithmproducesasyntheticimageandreceivesfeedbackonitfromthesecondalgorithmandthenadjustsittomakeitappearmorereal;theloopisrepeatedasmanytimesasittakesuntilthesecondalgorithmdoesnotdetectanyfalseimagery.Deepfakersoftenhaveevilmotives,includingcreatingmisinformationandgeneratingconfusion.Theytendtodemean,terrify,andannoy,andhavetargetednotonlycelebritiesbutordinarycitizensaswell.Mostoftheacademicresearchsurroundingdeepfakesfocusesonthedetectionofhugeamountofdeepfakevideosemergingonline.Onedetectionapproachistousealgorithmstoidentifyinconsistenciesindeepfakevideos.Forexample,anautomaticsystemcanexaminevideosforerrorssuchasirregularblinkingpatternsoflighting.However,theseapproacheshavebeencriticizedbecausedeepfakedetectionischaracterizedbya“movinggoalpost”wheretheproductionofdeepfakesischangingandimprovingwhiledetectiontoolsarealwaysonthewayofcatchingthemup.However,educationandmedicinearetwoofthefieldsthatmaybenefitfromdeepfaketechnology.Intheclassroom,historicalspeechescouldbedeepfakedtoofferimmersiveandengaginglessons.Inhealthcare,itcanimprovetheaccuracywithwhichtumors(腫瘤)arespotted,makingthemeasiertotreat.Itsusealsopermitsusingsynthesizeddatainsteadofthatfromrealpatientstoavoidprivacyconcerns.12．HowdoesAIcreateadeepfakevideoaccordingtothepassage?A．Bycopyingandbiningthefakeimages.B．Byconstantlyteachingitselftoperfecttheoutput.C．Byacquiringfeedbackfrommultiplesources.D．Byrepeatedlygeneratingrealisticimagesfromscratch.13．Whatisthechallengeofdetectingdeepfakevideos?A．Everevolvingdeepfaketechniques. B．Insufficientacademicbasisondetectionsolutions.C．Amassivenumberoffalsevideosonline. D．Limitedavailabilityofdetectiontools.14．Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowarddeepfake?A．Supportive. B．Critical. C．Objective. D．Unconcerned.15．Whatisprobablythebesttitleforthepassage?A．Potentialthreats:AI’snewplayground B．Deepfake:Human’sanotherhelpinghandC．ArtificialIntelligence:Apieceoffake D．Detectingdeepfake:Anongoingbattle【答案】12．B13．A14．C15．C【導語】這是一篇說明文。作者客觀地對deepfake進行了客觀事實闡述：AI是能輕易地制造出假視頻的。12．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“It’seasyforAItoproducesuchdeepfakesusingtwodifferentdeeplearningalgorithms(算法):onethatcreatesthebestpossibleclonebasedonarealimageorvideoandanotherthatdetectswhetherthecopyisfake(偽造的)and,ifitis,reportsonthedifferencesbetweenitandtheoriginal.(人工智能很容易使用兩種不同的深度學習算法來產(chǎn)生這種深度偽造：一種算法根據(jù)真實圖像或視頻創(chuàng)建盡可能最好的克隆，另一種算法檢測副本是否為假，如果是假的，則報告它與原件之間的差異。)”可知，人工智通過不斷地自我訓練來完善輸出創(chuàng)建深度假視頻。故選B。13．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段“However,theseapproacheshavebeencriticizedbecausedeepfakedetectionischaracterizedbya“movinggoalpost”wheretheproductionofdeepfakesischangingandimprovingwhiledetectiontoolsarealwaysonthewayofcatchingthemup.(然而，這些方法受到了批評，因為深度偽造檢測的特點是“移動的門柱”，深度偽造的生產(chǎn)在不斷變化和改進，而檢測工具總是在追趕它們。)”可知，檢測深度假視頻的挑戰(zhàn)是不斷發(fā)展的深度造假技術(shù)。故選A。14．推理判斷題。作者在文章中闡述了deepfake技術(shù)的概念、應(yīng)用案例、原理，動機，也提到了其在不同應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域的好處和壞處，可推知作者對它的態(tài)度是客觀的。故選C。15．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Deepfake:synthetic(合成的)media,includingimages,videos,andaudio,isgeneratedbyAltechnologytoshowsomethingthatdoesnotexistoreventsthathaveneveroccurred.(Deepfake；人工智能技術(shù)生成的合成媒體，包括圖像、視頻和音頻，用來展示不存在的東西或從未發(fā)生過的事件。)”結(jié)合作者客觀地對deepfake進行了客觀事實闡述：AI是能輕易地制造出假視頻的。故C選項“人工智能：一塊假貨”最符合文義。故選C。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。（2024·陜西榆林·一模）HowtoStartaGardenin2024?Gardeningisapowerfuloutletforcreativity,enablingyoutosurroundyourselfwithbeauty.Itcanprovidehomegrownfoodforyourfamily,keepyouintouchwithnatureandisalsoaninvaluableformofexercise.Inshort,gardeningisbeneficialtobothbodyandsoul.16.Itallstartswithgoodsoil.Whateveryou’regrowing,fertilesoilisthekey.17.Itpromotesrootdevelopment,supplyingnutrientsforplantgrowth.Growvegetablesthatkeepongiving.18,chooseonesyoucanharvestmorethanonce.Lettuceandbasilarequickandeasytogrow.They’llreplacetheirleaveseverytimeyoucutthem.Vegetableslikethesemeancontinuousharvests,whichishugeforkeepingspiritshigh.19.Someplantswillgrowtallandsomewillgrowclosertotheground.Tallplantswillshadeshorterplantsandpreventthemgettingneededsunshine.Also,givelittleseedlingsplentyofroomtostretchandgrow.Iftheygrowtooclosetogether,don’tbeafraidtothinseedlings.Savemoneywithseedsandcuttings.Buyingallofyourplantsfromthegardencenterisexpensive.20.Reachouttofriendsandfamilywhogardenandaskthemtosharespareseedswithyou.Alsochecktoseeiftheyhaveanyplantsyoucantakecuttingsfrom.Ittakeslongerthanbuyingyoungplants,butitisdefinitelymoresatisfyingandyouwilllearnsomuch.A．IfyouneedsomehelpB．SizeupyourgrowingspaceC．Ifyou’reanewerD．HerearesomeessentialtipsforbeginnersingardeningE．ChooseacontainersizeappropriateforwhatyouaregrowingF．InvestinginrichsoilinitiallycreatesasuitableenvironmentG．However,youcangrowahugerangeofplantsfromseedsorcuttings【答案】16．D17．F18．C19．B20．G【導語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了如何進行園藝的一些建議。16．設(shè)空位于首段段尾，應(yīng)是點出主題，引出下文，根據(jù)前文“Gardeningisapowerfuloutletforcreativity,enablingyoutosurroundyourselfwithbeauty.Itcanprovidehomegrownfoodforyourfamily,keepyouintouchwithnatureandisalsoaninvaluableformofexercise.Inshort,gardeningisbeneficialtobothbodyandsoul.(園藝是發(fā)揮創(chuàng)造力的有力途徑，能讓你置身于美之中。它可以為你的家人提供自制的食物，讓你與大自然保持聯(lián)系，也是一種寶貴的鍛煉方式。簡而言之，園藝對身體和靈魂都有益。)”以及下文中的小標題可知，本文主要講述進行園藝的一些建議，D項“Herearesomeessentialtipsforbeginnersingardening(這里有一些對園藝初學者必不可少的建議。)”符合本文主題，并引出下文。故選D項。17．根據(jù)前文“Whateveryou’regrowing,fertilesoilisthekey.(無論你種什么，肥沃的土壤是關(guān)鍵。)”可知，本段主要講述了，學習園藝，土壤是關(guān)鍵，所以F項“Investinginrichsoilinitiallycreatesasuitableenvironment(最初投資于肥沃的土壤會創(chuàng)造一個適宜的環(huán)境。)”符合本段主題，其中soil為同詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。故選F項。18．根據(jù)后文“Lettuceandbasilarequickandeasytogrow.They’llreplacetheirleaveseverytimeyoucutthem.Vegetableslikethesemeancontinuousharvests,whichishugeforkeepingspiritshigh.(生菜和羅勒又快又容易種植。每次你剪掉它們的葉子，它們都會換新的。像這樣的蔬菜意味著連續(xù)的收獲，這對保持精神振奮非常重要。)”可知，本段建議是園藝初學者應(yīng)該種植能不斷收獲的蔬菜來保持精神振奮，所以C項“Ifyou’reanewer(如果你是一個新人)”順接下文“chooseonesyoucanharvestmorethanonce(選擇那些你可以收獲不止一次的)”符合本段主題。故選C項。19．設(shè)空處為本段小標題，根據(jù)后文“Someplantswillgrowtallandsomewillgrowclosertotheground.Tallplantswillshadeshorterplantsandpreventthemgettingneededsunshine.Also,givelittleseedlingsplentyofroomtostretchandgrow.Iftheygrowtooclosetogether,don’tbeafraidtothinseedlings.(有些植物會長得很高，有些植物會長得離地面更近。高大的植物會遮蔽較矮的植物，使它們得不到所需的陽光。同時，給幼苗足夠的空間伸展和生長。如果它們長得太近，不要害怕把幼苗削薄。)”可知，本段主題是建議要注意植物的生長空間，所以B項“Sizeupyourgrowingspace(評估你的種植空間)”符合主題，為本段小標題。故選B項。20．根據(jù)前文“Buyingallofyourplantsfromthegardencenterisexpensive.(從園藝中心購買所有的植物是昂貴的。)”以及后文“Reachouttofriendsandfamilywhogardenandaskthemtosharespareseedswithyou.Alsochecktoseeiftheyhaveanyplantsyoucantakecuttingsfrom.Ittakeslongerthanbuyingyoungplants,butitisdefinitelymoresatisfyingandyouwilllearnsomuch.(向從事園藝的朋友和家人尋求幫助，讓他們與你分享多余的種子。還要檢查一下他們是否有什么植物可以插枝。這比買幼苗要花更長的時間，但它絕對更令人滿意，你會學到很多東西。)”可知，前文講述從園藝中心購買所有的植物是昂貴的，后文講述可以通過用種子和插枝來省錢，所以空處應(yīng)是過渡句，G項“However,youcangrowahugerangeofplantsfromseedsorcuttings(然而，你可以從種子或插枝中種植各種各樣的植物)”和前文構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，并引出下文內(nèi)容，符合文意。故選G項。第三部分語言運用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。（2024·山東青島·三模）OnahotsummerdaywhenIwas13,Iwasboredinmyattic(閣樓)bedroom.Thinkingabouthowto21thatboredom,Ileaned(斜靠)sideways,andmyhandlandedonafloorboard,which22upandalmosthitmeinthehead.WhenIlookedinsidetheopenspace23,therewassomethinglikeabook.I24itout.Itwasoldandsmall:Bartlett’sFamiliarQuotations.Iwonderedwhomthesequotationsweresupposedtobe25to,becauseI’dneverheardofthisbook.And26Iwasbored,Idecidedtoseewhatwasinsidethebook.Istartedto27thepages,readingaboutdifferent28.Ilearnedaboutfort,hope,loveandevenloneliness.IbeganspendingallmyfreetimereadingBartlett’s.Itfeltlikeanewworld29beforeme.Ilearnedaboutdifferentquotesandphrases,andIgotto30howlanguagecouldbeusedto31plexemotions.IalsorealizedhowthoseemotionsI’dfeltwhilereadingBartlett’sbecame32inthecharactersIencounteredinnovels.WhenIwenttocollege,Bartlett’scamewithme.Overtheyears,I’vekeptmy33copy,whichIstilloftenreferto.I’veboughtafewofthenewer34,butthefirstoneistheonethat35me,thathelpedmeescapefromtheboredom,andseemorethanmyyoungmindandheartcouldunderstand.21．A．relieve B．knock C．experience D．defend22．A．picked B．turned C．popped D．came23．A．curiously B．patiently C．a(chǎn)imlessly D．secretly24．A．let B．pulled C．reached D．kicked25．A．challenging B．familiar C．important D．a(chǎn)cceptable26．A．a(chǎn)lthough B．a(chǎn)fter C．supposing D．since27．A．leafthrough B．checkover C．lookfor D．tearoff28．A．cultures B．emotions C．themes D．lessons29．A．changing B．marching C．unfolding D．passing30．A．mess B．grasp C．expect D．question31．A．identify B．hide C．control D．express32．A．a(chǎn)live B．misty C．mixed D．weak33．A．original B．special C．handheld D．plete34．A．works B．styles C．products D．editions35．A．shocked B．sheltered C．liberated D．defined【答案】21．A22．C23．A24．B25．B26．D27．A28．B29．C30．B31．D32．A33．A34．D35．C【導語】本文是一篇記敘文，主要講述的是作者無意中發(fā)現(xiàn)的一本書，給作者打開了一個新的世界，也影響了作者的一生。21．考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：想著如何緩解這種無聊，我側(cè)身斜靠著，我的手落在地板上，地板突然彈起來，差點撞到我的頭。A.relieve緩解；B.knock敲打；C.experience體驗；D.defend防御。根據(jù)上文中的“OnahotsummerdaywhenIwas13,Iwasboredinmyattic(閣樓)bedroom.”可知，作者在一個炎熱的夏天感到有些無聊，結(jié)合下文中的“Ileaned(斜靠)sideways”可知，作者側(cè)身斜靠著，應(yīng)該是為了“緩解”這種無聊，符合語境。故選A項。22．考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：想著如何緩解這種無聊，我側(cè)身斜靠著，我的手落在地板上，地板突然彈起來，差點撞到我的頭。A.picked撿拾；B.turned轉(zhuǎn)向；C.popped冷不防冒出，砰砰響；D.came來。根據(jù)上文中的“myhandlandedonafloorboard”可知，作者的手落到地板上，結(jié)合下文中的“andalmosthitmeinthehead”可知，地板差點撞到作者的頭，由此可知，此處應(yīng)為地板“突然彈起”符合語境，popup意為“彈起”。故選C項。23．考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：當我好奇地向里面看的時候，有一本書之類的東西。A.curiously好奇地；B.patiently耐心地；C.aimlessly漫無目的地；D.secretly秘密地。根據(jù)語境和上文中的“WhenIlookedinsidetheopenspace”可知，作者應(yīng)是“好奇地”向里面看。故選A項。24．考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我把它拉了出來。A.let讓；B.pulled拉；C.reached到達；D.kicked踢。根據(jù)上文中的“therewassomethinglikeabook.”可知，作者看到里面有一本像書一樣的東西，所以，此處指的是作者把書從地板下面“拉”出來。故選B項。25．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我想知道誰會熟悉這些語錄，因為我從來沒有聽說過這本書。A.challenging具有挑戰(zhàn)性的；B.familiar熟悉的；C.important重要的；D.acceptable可接受的。根據(jù)下文中的“becauseI’dneverheardofthisbook.”可知，作者自己從未聽說過這本書，所以想知道誰“熟悉”這些語錄。符合語境。故選B項。26．考查連詞詞義辨析。句意：既然我很無聊，所以我決定看看書里有什么。A.although盡管；B.after在……之后；C.supposing假如；D.since既然。根據(jù)下文中的“Iwasbored”和“Idecidedtoseewhatwasinsidethebook.”為因果關(guān)系，所以此處應(yīng)為“既然”符合邏輯。故選D項。27．考查動詞短語辨析。句意：我開始翻閱書頁，讀到不同的情緒。A.leafthrough翻閱；B.checkover仔細檢查；C.lookfor尋找；D.tearoff扯掉。根據(jù)下文中的“readingaboutdifferent____8____.”以及“Ilearnedaboutfort,hope,loveandevenloneliness.”可知，此處指作者開始“翻閱”書籍。故選A項。28．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我開始翻閱書頁，讀到不同的情緒。A.cultures文化；B.emotions情感；C.themes主題；D.lessons課，教訓。根據(jù)下文中的“Ilearnedaboutfort,hope,loveandevenloneliness.”可知，作者在讀書的時候，了解到了很多與情緒相關(guān)的知識。故選B項。29．考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：感覺一個新的世界在我面前展開。A.changing改變；B.marching行進；C.unfolding打開；D.passing通過。根據(jù)下文中的“Ilearnedaboutdifferentquotesandphrases,andIgotto____10____howlanguagecouldbeusedto____11____,plexemotions.”可知，作者通過閱讀巴特利特的書，學到了很多不同的引語和短語等，此處指的是這本書為作者“打開”一個新的世界。故選C項。30．考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我學到了不同的引語和短語，我掌握了語言如何被用來表達復(fù)雜的情感。A.mess弄亂；B.grasp精通，掌握；C.expect期望；D.question提問。根據(jù)上文中的“Itfeltlikeanewworld____9____beforeme.Ilearnedaboutdifferentquotesandphrases”可知，這本書為作者打開了一個新世界，作者從中學到了很多不同的引語和短語，此處講述的仍是作者在這本書中的收獲，所以此處為“掌握”。故選B項。31．考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我學到了不同的引語和短語，我掌握了語言如何被用來表達復(fù)雜的情感。A.identify識別；B.hide隱藏；C.control控制；D.express表達。根據(jù)上文中的“Ilearnedaboutdifferentquotesandphrases”以及下文中的“IalsorealizedhowthoseemotionsI’dfeltwhilereadingBartlett’sbecame____12____inthecharactersIencounteredinnovels.”可知，此處講述的是作者在這本書中學到的很多知識，結(jié)合下文中的“plexemotions”可知，此處講述的是作者學會了如何“表達”復(fù)雜感情。故選D項。32．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我也意識到，我在閱讀巴特利特的作品時感受到的那些情感是如何在我遇到的小說人物身上變得生動起來的。A.alive有活力的；B.misty模糊的；C.mixed混合的；D.weak虛弱的。根據(jù)上文中的“IalsorealizedhowthoseemotionsI’dfeltwhilereadingBartlett’s”可知，此處講述作者在閱讀巴特利特的作品時的感受，結(jié)合下文中的“inthecharactersIencounteredinnovels.”可知，此處提到了作者以前在小說中遇到的一些人物角色，此處指的是作者受閱讀巴特利特的作品里描述的不同情感內(nèi)容的影響，能感受到那些情感是如何在他小說的人物身上變得“生動”的。故選A項。33．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：多年來，我一直保存著我的原始版本，我仍然經(jīng)常引用它。A.original最初的；B.special特別的；C.handheld手持的；D.plete完全的。根據(jù)上文中的“WhenIwenttocollege,Bartlett’scamewithme.”可知，作者始終保存著巴特利特的作品，結(jié)合下文中的“whichIstilloftenreferto.”可知，作者經(jīng)常用保存的巴特利特的作品來作為參考，所以此處指的是作者保存的“原始的”版本。故選A項。34．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我買了幾本更新的版本，但第一本是解放了我的，它幫助我擺脫了無聊，看到了我年輕的頭腦和心靈無法理解的東西。A.works作品；B.styles風格；C.products產(chǎn)品；D.editions版本。根據(jù)上文中的“I’veboughtafewofthenewer”以及下文中的“butthefirstoneistheone”可知，此處指的是作者拿新買的“版本”與最早保存的那本巴特利特的作品作比較，來說明第一版對作者的影響深遠。故選D項。35．考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我買了幾本更新的版本，但第一本是解放了我的，它幫助我擺脫了無聊，看到了我年輕的頭腦和心靈無法理解的東西。A.shocked使震驚；B.sheltered保護，掩蔽；C.liberated解放；D.defined闡明，明確。根據(jù)下文中的“thathelpedmeescapefromtheboredom,andseemorethanmyyoungmindandheartcouldunderstand.”可知，第一本巴特利特的作品讓作者擺脫了無聊，看到了年輕的頭腦和心靈無法理解的東西，此處指的是第一本巴特利特的作品“解放”了作者。故選C項。第二節(jié)(共10小題;每小題1.5分，滿分15分)（2024·浙江·三模）閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當?shù)膬?nèi)容(一個單詞)或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。TheYearoftheDragoneswithinspirationforcreativityandthepowertobringbigideas36life.DesignerWangZijian’sDragonOutofWater,acreativeteainfuser(泡茶器),shinesonthewallattheexhibitionofthewinningworksofthe2024GlobalZodiacDesignpetitionattheBeijingOverseasCulturalExchangeCenter.37(it)cutedragondesignandspecialfunctionareboundtoappealtoyoungconsumers.“It’s38uniqueproduct,andweexpectapositiveresponsefromyoungcustomers,”WangtoldBeijingReview.TheitembelongstoChinaChic,orguochao,also39(know)as“national