山東專用屆高考英語一輪復習專題四猜測詞義課件

專題四猜測詞義高考英語

(山東專用)A組

山東省卷、課標Ⅰ卷題組Group1Passage1(2019課標全國Ⅰ,B)詞數(shù):329ForCanaanElementary’ssecondgradeinPatchogue,N.Y.,todayisspeechday,andrightnowit’

sChrisPalaez’sturn.The8-year-oldisthejokeroftheclass.Withshiningdarkeyes,heseems

likethekindofkidwhowouldenjoypublicspeaking.Buthe’snervous.“I’mheretotellyoutodaywhyyoushould...should...”Christripsonthe“-

ld,”apronunciationdifficultyformanynon-nativeEnglishspeakers.Histeacher,ThomasWha-

ley,isnexttohim,whisperingsupport.“...Votefor...me...”Exceptforsomestumbles,Chrisis

doingamazinglywell.Whenhebringshisspeechtoaniceconclusion,Whaleyinvitestherestof

theclasstopraisehim.Asonofimmigrants,ChrisstartedlearningEnglishalittleoverthreeyearsago.Whaleyrecalls(回

想起)howatthebeginningoftheyear,whencalledupontoread,Chriswouldexcusehimselftogo

tothebathroom.五年高考LearningEnglishasasecondlanguagecanbeapainfulexperience.Whatyouneedisagreat

teacherwholetsyoumakemistakes.“Ittakesalotforanystudent,”Whaleyexplains,“especial-lyforastudentwhoislearningEnglishastheirnewlanguage,tofeelconfidentenoughtosay,‘I

don’tknow,butIwanttoknow.’”Whaleygottheideaofthissecond-gradepresidentialcampaignprojectwhenheaskedthechildren

onedaytoraisetheirhandsiftheythoughttheycouldneverbeapresident.Theanswerbrokehis

heart.Whaleysaystheprojectisaboutmorethanjustlearningtoreadandspeakinpublic.He

wantsthesekidstolearntoboast(夸耀)aboutthemselves.“Boastingaboutyourself,andyourbestqualities,”Whaleysays,“isverydifficultforachild

whocameintotheclassroomnotfeelingconfident.”1.WhatmadeChrisnervous?A.Tellingastory.B.Makingaspeech.C.Takingatest.D.Answeringaquestion.2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“stumbles”inparagraph2referto?A.Improperpauses.B.Badmanners.C.Spellingmistakes.D.Sillyjokes.3.WecaninferthatthepurposeofWhaley’sprojectisto

.A.helpstudentsseetheirownstrengthsB.assessstudents’publicspeakingskillsC.preparestudentsfortheirfuturejobsD.inspirestudents’loveforpolitics4.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesWhaleyasateacher?A.Humorous.B.Ambitious.C.Caring.D.Demanding.答案[語篇解讀]本文是一篇記敘文,主題語境是人與社會,主題語境內(nèi)容為老師與學生。文章講

述了Whaley老師關愛學生,鼓勵學生發(fā)現(xiàn)自己的優(yōu)點,增強自信的故事。本文旨在提高學生的

文化意識。1.B事實細節(jié)題。本題題干意為:什么使Chris緊張?根據(jù)第一段第一句(……今天是演講日,

現(xiàn)在輪到ChrisPalaez了)和第二段第一句(但是他很緊張)可知,B項正確。A:講故事;C:參加考

試;D:回答問題。2.A猜測詞義題。本題題干意為:第二段中的畫線單詞stumbles指代什么?根據(jù)第二段中的

“youshould...should...”Christripsonthe“-ld,”...可知,他有些發(fā)音上的問題。又根據(jù)Ex-

ceptforsomestumbles,Chrisisdoingamazinglywell.可知,Chris總體上很好,但是有些不合適的

停頓。故A選項(不合適的停頓)正確。B:不禮貌;C:拼寫錯誤;D:愚蠢的笑話。3.A推理判斷題。本題題干意為:我們可以推斷出Whaley的項目的目的是

。根據(jù)文

章倒數(shù)第二段最后一句(他想要這些孩子學會夸耀自己)可知答案為A項(幫助學生看到他們自

己的優(yōu)點)。B:評價學生的公眾演講技巧;C:讓學生為他們未來的工作做準備;D:激勵學生熱愛政治。4.C推理判斷題。本題題干意為:下面哪一個詞最能描述Whaley作為一個老師所具有的品

質(zhì)?根據(jù)第二段他低聲耳語支持學生、第五段中他想讓學生夸耀自己和第六段中他認為夸耀

自己和自己最好的品質(zhì)對一個沒有自信的孩子是很難的,可知他理解、關心學生們,故選C項

(關心他人的)。A:幽默的;B:有雄心的;D:苛求的,要求高的。難句分析原句:“Boastingaboutyourself,andyourbestqualities,”Whaleysays,“isverydifficultfora

childwhocameintotheclassroomnotfeelingconfident.”分析:直接引語的主干為Boastingaboutyourself,andyourbestqualitiesisverydifficultfora

child。child后面的whocameintotheclassroomnotfeelingconfident是個定語從句,修飾先行

詞achild。譯文:Whaley說:“夸耀自己和自己最好的品質(zhì)對一個走進教室時沒有自信的孩子是很難的?！备呖紵嵩~Passage11.trip[tr?p]v.絆,絆倒2.quality[?kw?l?t?]n.品質(zhì)Passage2(2018課標全國Ⅰ,C)詞數(shù):294Languageshavebeencomingandgoingforthousandsofyears,butinrecenttimestherehasbeen

lesscomingandalotmoregoing.Whentheworldwasstillpopulatedbyhunter-gatherers,small,

tightlyknit(聯(lián)系)groupsdevelopedtheirownpatternsofspeechindependentofeachother.Some

languageexpertsbelievethat10,000yearsago,whentheworldhadjustfivetotenmillionpeople,

theyspokeperhaps12,000languagesbetweenthem.Soonafterwards,manyofthosepeoplestartedsettlingdowntoefarmers,andtheirlan-

guagestoobecamemoresettledandfewerinnumber.Inrecentcenturies,trade,industrialisation,

thedevelopmentofthenation-stateandthespreadofuniversalcompulsoryeducation,especially

globalisationandbettercommunicationsinthepastfewdecades,allhavecausedmanylanguages

todisappear,anddominantlanguagessuchasEnglish,SpanishandChineseareincreasinglytaking

over.Atpresent,theworldhasabout6,800languages.Thedistributionoftheselanguagesishugelyun-

even.Thegeneralruleisthatmildzoneshaverelativelyfewlanguages,oftenspokenbymanypeople,whilehot,wetzoneshavelots,oftenspokenbysmallnumbers.Europehasonlyaround20

0languages;theAmericasabout1,000;Africa2,400;andAsiaandthePacificperhaps3,200,of

whichPapuaNewGuineaaloneaccountsforwellover800.Themediannumber(中位數(shù))of

speakersisamere6,000,whichmeansthathalftheworld’slanguagesarespokenbyfewerpeople

thanthat.Alreadywellover400ofthetotalof6,800languagesareclosetoextinction(消亡),withonlya

fewelderlyspeakersleft.Pick,atrandom,BusuuinCameroon(eightremainingspeakers),Chia-

panecoinMexico(150),LipanApacheintheUnitedStates(twoorthree)orWadjiguinAustralia

(one,withaquestion-mark):noneoftheseseemstohavemuchchanceofsurvival.1.Whatcanweinferaboutlanguagesinhunter-gatherertimes?A.Theydevelopedveryfast.B.Theywerelargeinnumber.C.Theyhadsimilarpatterns.D.Theywerecloselyconnected.2.Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“dominant”underlinedinparagraph2?A.Complex.B.Advanced.C.Powerful.D.Modern.3.Howmanylanguagesarespokenbylessthan6,000peopleatpresent?A.About6,800.B.About3,400.C.About2,400.D.About1,200.4.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A.Newlanguageswillbecreated.B.People’slifestylesarereflectedinlanguages.C.Humandevelopmentresultsinfewerlanguages.D.Geographydetermineslanguageevolution.答案[語篇解讀]本文為說明文。作者從語言發(fā)展歷史這一角度論述了人類的發(fā)展導致了世界上

語言數(shù)量的減少。1.B推理判斷題。本題題干意為:對于采獵者時代的語言,我們可推斷出什么?根據(jù)第一段第

二句(當世界人口仍然由采獵者構成的時候,小的、聯(lián)系緊密的群體彼此獨立地形成了自己的

講話模式。)可知答案為B項(它們的數(shù)量很大)。2.C猜測詞義題。本題題干意為:下面哪一項最好地解釋了第二段畫線詞“dominant”?根

據(jù)畫線詞所在句子中的“suchasEnglish,SpanishandChineseareincreasinglytakingover”可

推知dominant的意思是“占統(tǒng)治地位的,強大的”,故答案為C項(Powerful)。3.B事實細節(jié)題。本題題干意為:目前,有多少種語言的使用人數(shù)少于6,000?根據(jù)第三段第一

句(目前世界上大約有6,800種語言。)和第三段最后一句(……這意味著世界的語言中有一半

的語言,其使用人數(shù)不足6,000。)可知,答案為B項(6800×1/2=3400)。4.C主旨大意題。本題題干意為:本文的主旨是什么?作者在首段首句介紹了本文的主題,即

語言幾千年來一直變化不定,但在最近時期,其數(shù)量越來越少。然后進一步解釋造成這種現(xiàn)象的原因是社會的發(fā)展,故答案為C項。難句分析原句:Whentheworldwasstillpopulatedbyhunter-gatherers,small,tightlyknitgroupsdeveloped

theirownpatternsofspeechindependentofeachother.分析:這是個主從復合句。when引導時間狀語從句,主句的主語是“small,tightlyknit

groups”。譯文:當世界上仍然有狩獵采集者的時候,聯(lián)系緊密的小群體形成了他們自己獨立的語言模式。高考熱詞Passage21.industrialization[?n?d?stri?la??ze??n]n.工業(yè)化

pulsory[k?m?p?ls?r?]adj.強制的,義務的3.globalisation[?ɡl??b?la??ze??n]n.全球化4.distribution[d?str??bju??(?)n]n.分布5.uneven[?n?i?v(?)n]adj.不均勻的Passage3(2017課標全國Ⅰ,D)

詞數(shù):311Abuild-it-yourselfsolarstill(蒸餾器)isoneofthebestwaystoobtaindrinkingwaterinareas

wheretheliquidisnotreadilyavailable.DevelopedbytwodoctorsintheU.S.DepartmentofA-

griculture,it’sanexcellentwatercollector.Unfortunately,youmustcarrythenecessaryequipment

withyou,sinceit’sallbutimpossibletofindnaturalsubstitutes.Theonlycomponentsrequired,

though,area5'×5'sheetofclearorslightlymilkyplastic,sixfeetofplastictube,andacontainer—

perhapsjustadrinkingcup—tocatchthewater.Thesepiecescanbefoldedintoaneatlittlepack

andfastenedonyourbelt.Toconstructaworkingstill,useasharpstickorrocktodigaholefourfeetacrossandthreefeet

deep.Trytomaketheholeinadampareatoincreasethewatercatcher’sproductivity.Placeyour

cupinthedeepestpartofthehole.Thenlaythetubeinplacesothatoneendrestsallthewayin

thecupandtherestofthelinerunsup—andout—thesideofthehole.Next,covertheholewiththeplasticsheet,securingtheedgesoftheplasticwithdirtandweighting

thesheet’scenterdownwitharock.Theplasticshouldnowformacone(圓錐體)with45-degree-angledsides.Thelowpointofthesheetmustbecentereddirectlyover,andnomorethanthree

inchesabove,thecup.Thesolarstillworksbycreatingagreenhouseundertheplastic.Groundwaterevaporates(蒸發(fā))

andcollectsonthesheetuntilsmalldropsofwaterform,rundownthematerial,andfalloffinto

thecup.Whenthecontainerisfull,youcansucktherefreshmentoutthroughthetube,andwon’t

havetobreakdownthestilleverytimeyouneedadrink.1.Whatdoweknowaboutthesolarstillequipmentfromthefirstparagraph?A.It’sdelicate.B.It’sexpensive.C.It’scomplex.D.It’sportable.2.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“thewatercatcher”inparagraph2referto?A.Thetube.B.Thestill.C.Thehole.D.Thecup.3.Whatisthelaststepofconstructingaworkingsolarstill?A.Digaholeofacertainsize.B.Putthecupinplace.C.Weightthesheet’scenterdown.D.Covertheholewiththeplasticsheet.4.Whenasolarstillworks,dropsofwatercomeintothecupfrom

.A.theplastictubeB.outsidetheholeC.theopenairD.beneaththesheet答案[語篇解讀]本文為說明文,屬于科普類文章。文章介紹了在野外自制蒸餾裝置收集飲用水

的過程及其工作原理。短文首先說明了自制蒸餾裝置所需的部件,然后詳細說明了制作裝置

的幾個步驟,最后簡要闡述了其工作原理。1.D事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)第一段最后兩句,尤其是尾句Thesepiecescanbefoldedintoaneatlit-

tlepackandfastenedonyourbelt.可知該裝置是可折疊的、便攜的(portable),故答案為D項。2.B猜測詞義題。本題問第二段中畫線的“thewatercatcher”指的是什么。根據(jù)第二段前

兩句可知,畫線短語指代的是該段首句中的aworkingstill,故答案為B項。3.C事實細節(jié)題。本題問制作蒸餾器的最后一個步驟是什么。根據(jù)第二、三段可知四個選

項的正確順序是A→B→D→C,故答案為C項。4.D事實細節(jié)題。本題問蒸餾器工作時水滴從何處進入杯子。根據(jù)尾段前兩句可知該裝置

是利用蒸發(fā)到塑料薄片上的水分凝聚成水滴,最后滴落到杯子中,故答案為D項。難句分析原句:Unfortunately,youmustcarrythenecessaryequipmentwithyou,sinceit’sallbutimpossi-bletofindnaturalsubstitutes.分析:since引導原因狀語從句,從句中allbut是固定短語,表示“幾乎”,it是形式主語,動詞不定

式是真正的主語。譯文:很遺憾,你必須隨身攜帶著這件必要的設備,因為幾乎不可能在自然界中找到替代品。高考熱詞Passage31.substitute[?s?bst?tju?t]n.替代品

ponent[k?m?p??n?nt]n.組成部分,部件3.sheet[?i?t]n.薄片4.suck[s?k]v.吮吸5.portable[?p??t?b(?)l]adj.便攜的Passage4(2016課標全國Ⅰ,C)詞數(shù):269IamPeterHodes,avolunteerstemcellcourier.SinceMarch2012,I’vedone89trips—ofthose,5

1havebeenabroad.Ihave42hourstocarrystemcells(干細胞)inmylittleboxbecauseI’vegot

twoicepacksandthat’showlongtheylast.Inall,fromthetimethestemcellsareharvestedfrom

adonor(捐獻者)tothetimetheycanbeimplantedinthepatient,we’vegot72hoursatmost.SoI

amalwaysconsciousoftime.IhadonetriplastyearwhereIwascaughtbyahurricaneinAmerica.Ipickedupthestemcellsin

Providence,RhodeIsland,andwasmeanttoflytoWashingtonthenbacktoLondon.ButwhenI

arrivedatthecheck-indeskatProvidence,theladyonthedesksaid:“Well,I’mreallysorry,I’

vegotsomebadnewsforyou—therearenoflightsfromWashington.”SoItookmyboxandput

itonthedeskandIsaid:“Inthisboxaresomestemcellsthatareurgentlyneededforapatient—

please,please,you’vegottogetmebacktotheUnitedKingdom.”Shejustdroppedeverything.

Shearrangedforaflightonasmallplanetobeheldforme,re-routed(改道)methroughNewark

andgotmebacktotheUKevenearlierthanoriginallyscheduled.Forthiscourierjob,you’reconsciouslyawarethatinthatboxyou’vegotsomethingthatispoten-

tiallygoingtosavesomebody’slife.1.Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword“courier”inParagraph1?A.providerB.deliverymanC.collectorD.medicaldoctor2.WhydoesPeterhavetocompletehistripwithin42hours?A.Hecannotstayawayfromhisjobtoolong.B.Thedonorcanonlywaitforthatlong.C.Theoperationneedsthatmuchtime.D.Theicewon’tlastanylonger.3.WhichflightdidthewomanputPeteronfirst?A.ToLondon.B.ToNewark.C.ToProvidence.D.ToWashington.答案[語篇解讀]本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要介紹了作為干細胞運送志愿者的PeterHodes在美

國遇到颶風,航班被取消,后來得到幫助的經(jīng)歷。1.B猜測詞義題。根據(jù)文章第一段可知從在捐獻者身上取到干細胞到移植到病人身上最多

有72小時的時間,由此可判斷作者是干細胞的運送者,故選B項。A、C、D三項和作者的遞送

工作無任何關系,因此可排除。2.D事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章第一段第三句可知作者有兩個冰袋,而它們能持續(xù)的時間為42小

時,故選D項。A項意為“他不能離開工作太長時間”。B項意為“捐獻者只能等那么長時

間”。C項意為“手術需要很長時間”。3.B事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章第二段倒數(shù)第一句...re-routedmethroughNewark...可知選B項。難句分析原句:Ihave42hourstocarrystemcellsinmylittleboxbecauseI’vegottwoicepacksandthat’s

howlongtheylast.分析:“becauseI’vegottwoicepacksandthat’showlongtheylast”為原因狀語從句,其中的and連接了兩個并列分句。譯文:我只有42個小時的時間來運送放在我的小盒子里的干細胞,因為我只有兩個冰袋,而那就

是它們可以持續(xù)的時間。高考熱詞Passage41.implant[?m?plɑ?nt]v.移植2.check-indesk前臺,登記處3.evenearlierthanoriginallyscheduled比原計劃的時間還要早Group2Passage1(2015課標全國Ⅰ,C)詞數(shù):211SalvadorDali(1904—1989)wasoneofthemostpopularofmodernartists.ThePompidouCentrein

Parisisshowingitsrespectandadmirationfortheartistandhispowerfulpersonalitywithanex-

hibitionbringingtogetherover200paintings,sculptures,drawingsandmore.Amongtheworksand

masterworksonexhibitionthevisitorwillfindthebestpieces,mostimportantlyThe

Persistence

of

Memory.ThereisalsoL’Enigme

sans

Finfrom1938,worksonpaper,objects,andprojectsforstage

andscreenandselectedpartsfromtelevisionprogrammesreflectingtheartist’sshowmanquali-

ties.ThevisitorwillentertheWorldofDalithroughaneggandismetwiththebeginning,theworldof

birth.Theexhibitionfollowsapathoftimeandsubjectwiththevisitorexitingthroughthebrain.TheexhibitionshowshowDalidrawstheviewerbetweentwoinfinities(無限).“Fromtheinfinity

smalltotheinfinitylarge,contractionandexpansioncominginandoutoffocus:amazingFlemish

accuracyandtheshowyBaroqueofoldpaintingthatheusedinhismuseum-theatreinFigueras,”

explainsthePompidouCentre.Thefineselectionofthemajorworkswasdoneinclosecollaboration(合作)withtheMuseoNa-

cionalReinaSofiainMadrid,Spain,andwithcontributionsfromotherinstitutionsliketheSalvador

DaliMuseuminSt.Petersburg,Florida.1.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesDaliaccordingtoParagraph1?A.Optimistic.B.Productive.C.Generous.D.Traditional.2.WhatisDali’sThe

Persistence

of

Memoryconsideredtobe?A.Oneofhismasterworks.

B.Asuccessfulscreenadaptation.C.Anartisticcreationforthestage.

D.OneofthebestTVprogrammes.3.HowaretheexhibitsarrangedattheWorldofDali?A.Bypopularity.

B.Byimportance.C.Bysizeandshape.

D.Bytimeandsubject.4.Whatdoestheword“contributions”inthelastparagraphreferto?A.Artworks.B.Projects.C.Donations.D.Documents.答案[語篇解讀]SalvadorDali是最著名的現(xiàn)代藝術家之一,為了對他表示尊敬和欽佩,巴黎Pompi-

dou中心組織了一次他的作品展。1.B推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段第二句中的withanexhibitionbringingtogetherover200paint-

ings,sculptures,drawingsandmore可知,展覽的作品種類繁多,由此可推斷出Dali是個“多產(chǎn)

的”藝術家。2.A事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)第一段中的Amongtheworksandmasterworksonexhibitionthevisitor

willfindthebestpieces,mostimportantlyThe

Persistence

of

Memory.可知A項正確。3.D事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)第二段第二句Theexhibitionfollowsapathoftimeandsubject...可知D

項正確。4.A猜測詞義題。最后一段指出,展出的優(yōu)秀作品是與其他博物館合作準備的,包括來自St.

Petersburg的SalvadorDali博物館的藝術品,故選A項。難句分析原句:ThefineselectionofthemajorworkswasdoneinclosecollaborationwiththeMuseoNa-cionalReinaSofiainMadrid,Spain,andwithcontributionsfromotherinstitutionsliketheSal-

vadorDaliMuseuminSt.Petersburg,Florida.分析:本句主干為Theselectionwasdone。介詞短語inclosecollaborationwith...和withcontribu-

tions...并列,作狀語。譯文:對主要作品的精心挑選離不開與西班牙馬德里的索菲亞國家博物館的密切合作和其他

機構(如:佛羅里達州圣彼得堡的薩爾瓦多·達利博物館)貢獻的作品。高考熱詞Passage11.sculpture[?sk?lpt??]n.雕刻,雕塑2.reflect[r??flekt]vt.顯示;表明3.showman[????m?n]n.喜歡出風頭的人4.theinfinitylarge無窮大5.focus[?f??k?s]n.焦點,焦距6.productive[pr??d?kt?v]adj.多產(chǎn)的Passage2(2014課標全國Ⅰ,B)詞數(shù):298Passengerpigeons(旅鴿)onceflewovermuchoftheUnitedStatesinunbelievablenumbers.Writ-

tenaccountsfromthe18thand19thcenturiesdescribedflocks(群)solargethattheydarkenedthe

skyforhours.Itwascalculatedthatwhenitspopulationreacheditshighestpoint,thereweremorethan3billion

passengerpigeons—anumberequalto24to40percentofthetotalbirdpopulationintheUnited

States,makingitperhapsthemostabundantbirdintheworld.Evenaslateas1870whentheirnum-

bershadalreadyesmaller,aflockbelievedtobe1milewideand320miles(about515kilo-

meters)longwasseennearCincinnati.Sadly,theabundanceofpassengerpigeonsmayhavebeentheirundoing.Wherethebirdsweremost

abundant,peoplebelievedtherewasanever-lastingsupplyandkilledthembythethousands.

Commercialhuntersattractedthemtosmallclearingswithgrain,waiteduntilpigeonshadsettledto

feed,thenthrewlargenetsoverthem,takinghundredsatatime.Thebirdswereshippedtolarge

citiesandsoldinrestaurants.Bytheclosingdecadesofthe19thcentury,thehardwoodforestswherepassengerpigeonsnested

hadbeendamagedbyAmericans’needforwood,whichscattered(驅(qū)散)theflocksandforcedthe

birdstogofarthernorth,wherecoldtemperaturesandspringstormscontributedtotheirdecline.

Soonthegreatflocksweregone,nevertobeseenagain.In1897,thestateofMichiganpassedalawprohibitingthekillingofpassengerpigeons,butbythen,

nosizableflockshadbeenseeninthestatefor10years.ThelastconfirmedwildpigeonintheU-

nitedStateswasshotbyaboyinPikeCounty,Ohio,in1900.Foratime,afewbirdssurvivedunder

humancare.Thelastofthem,knownaffectionatelyasMartha,diedattheCincinnatiZoological

GardenonSeptember1,1914.1.Inthe18thandearly19thcenturies,passengerpigeons

.A.werethebiggestbirdintheworldB.livedmainlyinthesouthofAmericaC.didgreatharmtothenaturalenvironmentD.werethelargestbirdpopulationintheUS2.Theunderlinedword“undoing”probablyreferstothepigeons’

.A.escapeB.ruinC.liberationD.evolution3.Whatwasthemainreasonforpeopletokillpassengerpigeons?A.Toseekpleasure.B.Tosaveotherbirds.C.Tomakemoney.D.Toprotectcrops.4.WhatcanweinferaboutthelawpassedinMichigan?A.Itwasignoredbythepublic.B.Itwasdeclaredtoolate.C.Itwasunfair.D.Itwasstrict.答案[語篇解讀]本文為說明文,題材為環(huán)境與自然類。曾幾何時在美國蔚藍的天空飛翔著一種

鳥,這種鳥可能是當時美國數(shù)量最多的鳥類——旅鴿。但是后來這種鳥的數(shù)量急劇減少,最終

于1914年9月1日滅絕了。到底發(fā)生了什么事呢?這些鳥去哪兒了呢?1.D推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第一句話可知當時這種鳥的數(shù)量占美國全部鳥類數(shù)量的24%

到40%,可能是世界上最多的鳥,由此推斷它是當時美國數(shù)量最多的鳥類,所以答案為D項。2.B猜測詞義題。根據(jù)后面的描述可知人們大量捕捉這種鳥,把它們賣到飯店。由此推斷出

這種鳥的數(shù)量眾多給它們帶來了災難。所以答案為B項。escape逃跑,避開;ruin衰落的原因,禍

根;liberation解放;evolution進化,發(fā)展。3.C事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)第三段的最后一句話Thebirdswereshippedtolargecitiesandsoldin

restaurants.可知人們主要是為了錢才大量捕殺這種鳥的,所以答案為C項。其他三項文中均未

提及。4.B推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的描述可知盡管密歇根州于1897年通過了禁止捕殺旅鴿的

法律,但是在此之前的10年里人們已經(jīng)沒有見過有一定規(guī)模的鳥群飛過密歇根州了。由此推斷出該法律頒布得太晚了,所以答案為B項。其他三項文中均未提及。難句分析原句:Itwascalculatedthatwhenitspopulationreacheditshighestpoint,thereweremorethan3

billionpassengerpigeons—anumberequalto24to40percentofthetotalbirdpopulationinthe

UnitedStates.分析:本句的主干是“Itwascalculatedthat...”,that從句中“whenitspopulationreachedits

highestpoint”為時間狀語從句,主句是therebe句型,“—anumberequalto24to40percentof

thetotalbirdpopulationintheUnitedStates”是對“morethan3billionpassengerpigeons”的

解釋說明。譯文:據(jù)計算,當其種群數(shù)量達到最高點時,有超過30億只旅鴿——這一數(shù)字相當于美國鳥類種

群數(shù)量的24%到40%。高考熱詞Passage21.abundance[??b?nd(?)ns]n.富裕,豐富2.ever-lasting[ev??lɑ?st??]adj.永恒的3.prohibit[pr?(?)?h?b?t]v.禁止4.sizable[?sa?z?bl]adj.可觀的,相當大的5.flock[fl?k]n.群Passage3(2013山東,D)詞數(shù):293Sparrowisafast-foodchainwith200restaurants.Someyearsago,thegrouptowhichSparrowbe-

longedwastakenoverbyanothercompany.AlthoughSparrowshowednosignofdeclining,the

chainwasgenerallyinanunhealthystate.Withmoreandmorefast-foodconceptsreachingthe

market,theSparrowmenuhadtostruggleforattention.Andtomakemattersworse,itsnewowner

hadnoplanstogiveitthefundsitrequired.Sparrowfailedtogrowforanothertwoyears,untilanewCEO,CarlPearson,decidedtobuildupits

marketshare.Hedidasurvey,whichshowedthatconsumerswhoalreadyusedSparrowrestaurants

wereextremelypositiveaboutthechain,whilecustomersofotherfast-foodchainswereunwilling

toturnawayfromthem.Sparrowhadtodevelopanewpromotionalcampaign.PearsonfacedabattleoverthefutureoftheSparrowbrand.Thechain’sownernowfavoredre-

brandingSparrowasMarcy’srestaurants.Pearsonresisted,arguingforanadvertisingcampaignde-

signedtoconvincecustomersthatvisitstoSparrowrestaurantswerefun.Suchanattempttoestab-

lishapositiverelationshipbetweenacompanyandthegeneralpublicwasunusualforthattime.Pearsonstronglybelievedthatnumberswerethekeytosuccess,ratherthancustomers’spending

power.Finally,theowneracceptedhisidea.Thecampaignitselfchangedthetraditionaladvertisingstyleofthefast-foodindustry.TheTVads

ofSparrowfocusedonentertainmentandfeaturedoriginalsongsperformedbyavarietyofstars.

Insteadofshowingthesuperiorityofaspecificproduct,theintentionwastoputSparrowinthe

heartsofpotentialcustomers.PearsonalsomadeotherdecisionswhichhebelievedwouldcontributetothenewSparrowimage.

Forexample,heofferedtolowertherentofanyrestaurantswhichachievedacertainincreasein

theirturnover(營業(yè)額).Theseeffortspaidoff,andSparrowsoonbecameoneofthemostsuccessfulfast-foodchainsinthe

regionswhereitoperated.1.WhichwasoneoftheproblemsSparrowfacedbeforePearsonbecameCEO?A.Thenumberofitscustomerswasdeclining.B.Itscustomersfoundthefoodunhealthy.C.Itwasinneedoffinancialsupport.D.Mostofitsrestaurantswereclosed.2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“them”inParagraph2referto?A.CustomersofSparrowrestaurants.B.Sparrowrestaurants.C.Customersofotherfast-foodchains.D.Otherfast-foodchains.3.ForwhatpurposedidPearsonstarttheadvertisingcampaign?A.Tobuildagoodrelationshipwiththepublic.B.TostresstheunusualtraditionofSparrow.C.Tolearnaboutcustomers’spendingpower.D.TomeetthechallengefromMarcy’srestaurants.4.TheTVadsofSparrow

.A.changedpeople’sviewsonpopstarsB.amusedthepublicwithoriginalsongsC.focusedonthesuperiorityofitsproductsD.influencedtheeatinghabitsoftheaudience5.WhatwasPearson’sachievementasaCEO?A.HemanagedtopayoffSparrow’sdebts.B.HemadeSparrowmuchmorecompetitive.C.HehelpedSparrowtakeoveracompany.D.HeimprovedthewelfareofSparrowemployees.答案[語篇解讀]本文為記敘文,題材是計劃與愿望實現(xiàn)類?？觳瓦B鎖店Sparrow的經(jīng)營遭受到了

前所未有的困難,在此危難關頭新的CEOPearson用自己獨特的經(jīng)營理念拯救了它,一躍成為

最成功的快餐連鎖店之一。1.C事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句話:而更糟糕的是它的新老板沒有計劃投入飯店所需

要的資金,故選C項。第一段描述的就是在Pearson成為新的CEO前的情況,根據(jù)nosignofde-

clining排除A項;B、D兩項該段沒有提及。2.D猜測詞義題。該句表達:那些在Sparrow消費過的顧客對其充滿積極支持的態(tài)度,而那些

其他快餐店的顧客也不愿意離開它們。也就是otherfast-foodchains,故選D項。3.A事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)第三段的第三、四句話可知這次廣告活動的目的就是為了和大眾建

立良好的關系,故選A項。4.B事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)第四段中的andfeaturedoriginalsongsperformedby可知這次廣告是

靠原唱歌曲來取悅大眾的,故選B項。5.B推理判斷題。最后一段總結:這些努力得到了回報,Sparrow連鎖店很快成了它的運作地區(qū)最成功的快餐連鎖店之一。由此我們推斷出新的CEO使得Sparrow具有了非常強的競爭力,

故選B項。難句分析原句:Hedidasurvey,whichshowedthatconsumerswhoalreadyusedSparrowrestaurantswere

extremelypositiveaboutthechain,whilecustomersofotherfast-foodchainswereunwillingto

turnawayfromthem.分析:本句的主干是Hedidasurvey。which引導非限制性定語從句,修飾先行詞survey。that引

導的為showed的賓語從句,其中whoalreadyusedSparrowrestaurants為定語從句,修飾先行詞

consumers。while連接了兩個并列的分句,表示對比。譯文:他做了一項調(diào)查,調(diào)查表明那些已經(jīng)在Sparrow餐館消費過的顧客對該連鎖店持有非常

積極樂觀的態(tài)度,而那些其他連鎖店的顧客卻不愿意離開它們。Passage31.afast-foodchain快餐連鎖店2.takeover接管,收購3.promotional[pr??m????nl]adj.推銷的4.rebrand[?ri??br?nd]v.重塑……的形象(如通過改變名稱或廣告)5.resist[r??z?st]v.抵制6.superiority[su??p??ri??r?ti]n.優(yōu)越性;優(yōu)勢7.payoff取得成功高考熱詞Passage4(2012山東,C)詞數(shù):290SanFranciscohasitscablecars.SeattlehasitsSpaceNeedle.And,Longviewhasitssquirrelbridge.

Thebridge,whichhasattractedinternationalattention,isnowalocallandmark.TheNuttyNarrowsBridgewasbuiltin1963byalocalbuilder,AmosPeters,togivesquirrelsaway

tocrossthebusyroadwithoutgettingflattenedbypassingcars.TheoriginalbridgewasbuiltoverOlympiaWayonthewestedgeofthelibrarygrounds.Before

thebridgewasbuilt,squirrelshadtoavoidtraffictoandfromtheParkPlazaofficebuildingwhere

officestaffputoutanuttyfeastforthesquirrels.Manytimes,Petersandotherswhoworkedinand

nearParkPlazawitnessedsquirrelsbeingrunover.OnedayPetersfoundadeadsquirrelwithanutstillinitsmouth,andthatday’scoffeebreakdis-

cussionturnedintosquirrelsafety.Thegroupofbusinessmencookedupthesquirrelbridgeidea

andformedacommitteetoasktheblessingoftheCityCouncil(市政會).TheCouncilapproved,

andCouncilwomanBessLaRivierejokinglynamedthebridge“NuttyNarrows.”Afterarchitectsdesignedthebridge,AmosPetersandBillHutchstartedconstruction.Theybuiltthe60-footbridgefromaluminumandlengthsoffirehose(消防水帶).Itcost$1,000.Itdidn’ttakelongbeforereportsofsquirrelsusingthebridgestarted.Squirrelswereevenseen

guidingtheiryoungandteachingthemtheropes.Thestorywaspickedupbythemedia,andNutty

Narrowsbecameknowninnewspapersallovertheworld.In1983,after20yearsofuse,Peterstookdowntheworn-outbridge.Repairsweremadeandcross-

pieceswerereplaced.ThefadedsignwasrepaintedandinJuly1983,hundredsofanimalloversat-

tendedthecompletionceremonyofthenewbridge.Petersdiedin1984,andaten-footwoodensquirrelsculpturewasplacednearthebridgeinmemory

ofitsbuilderandhisdevotiontotheproject.1.TheNuttyNarrowsBridgewasbuiltinorderto

.A.offersquirrelsaplacetoeatnutsB.setupalocallandmarkC.helpimprovetrafficD.protectsquirrels2.Whathappenedoverthecoffeebreakdiscussion?A.ThecommitteegottheCouncil’sblessing.B.Thesquirrelbridgeideawasborn.C.Acouncilwomannamedthebridge.D.Asquirrelwasfounddead.3.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“teachingthemtheropes”probab