英語寫作(一)Unit-1-The-Correct-文檔(I)

10/12/2024UnitOneThecorrectword(Ⅰ)

10/12/2024Wordsarethebuildingstocksofwriting;therefore,weneedtohaveagoodcommandofthem.Whenweputpentopaper,firstandforemostwehavetomakesurethatwechoosetherightwords.

10/12/2024ContentsⅠ.Lead-InⅡ.Denotationvs.ConnotationⅢ.AffectivemeaningsofwordsⅣ.Collocativemeaningsofwords10/12/2024GroupDiscussionSupposeyouaregoingtowriteaboutarespectableteacherwhosebodysizeisabovetheaverage.Thensupposeyouaretowritethedoorkeeperofyourdormitory,anamiablemiddle-agedwoman.He/Sheisplump.He/Sheisportly.He/Sheisfat.

√√10/12/2024Ⅰ.Lead-in

10/12/2024Whenweareaskedtodescribethepersonwhoisfat,wehavetodecidewhethertheword“fat”istherightone.10/12/2024

Country/nation/state/land

Canyoudistinguishbetweenthesewords?

10/12/2024Country

NationStateLandanareaoflandanditspopulationanditsgovernment.

thepeopleofacountry.

thegovernmentorpoliticalorganizationofacountry

lessprecisebutmoreliteraryandemotive→→→→Country

→10/12/2024⑴中國是一個歷史悠久的偉大國家。Chinaisagreatcountrywithalonghistory.

⑵聽到這個噩耗，全國人民都沉浸在深切的悲痛之中。Thewholenationwasindeepsorrowatthisnews.

⑶馬克思與恩格斯對于國家有獨創(chuàng)的見解。MarxandEngelshadoriginalideasofthestate.

⑷為什么我的眼里常含著淚水，因為我對這片土地愛得深沉。Whyaremyeyesalwaysfilledwithtears?‘causeIlovethislandsodeeply.

10/12/2024Ⅱ.Denotationandconnotation

10/12/2024Aconnotationisacommonlyunderstoodsubjective,culturaloremotionalassociationthatsomewordorphrasecarries.Denotation,ontheotherhand,referstotheliteralandprimarymeaningofaword,i.e.thedefinitionyoufindinthedictionary.

10/12/2024TaskOne:Discussthedenotationsandconnotationsofmotherandweed.Country

awomanwhoisaparentmother→Country

anuncultivatedplant

weed

→qualitiessuchasprotectivenessandaffection

｛｛destructionanduncontrolledgrowth10/12/2024Whenwewrite,wehavetowatchoutfortheconnotativemeaningofaword.Otherwise,wemaymakesillymistakes.10/12/2024TaskTwo:A.Discussthedenotationsandconnotationsoffatherandwildflower.themaleparent

Father→Country

anuncultivatedplant

Wildflower

→supportandsternness

｛｛vitalityandpleasantness

10/12/2024Interestingly,“wildflower”carriesadifferentconnotationfromthatofChinese.InChina,“wildflower”sometimesconnotesnegativesenses.Itcanmeanthewomanwithwhomamarriedmanflirtsandhasanillegalrelationship.

10/12/2024B.Fillinthetablebelowandstudythedenotationsandconnotations.

10/12/2024Country

MoonIceBloodGoldapreciousyellowstone→wealth,value,preciousness,etc.

｛thenaturalbodythatmovesaroundtheearthonceevery28days→tranquility,purity,sth.outofreach

｛waterfrozensothatithasbecomesolid

→indifference,cruelty,death｛redliquidflowingthroughthebodiesofhumansandanimals→familybackground,descent,race,passion,courage｛10/12/2024Ⅲ.Attitude

10/12/2024

Inallkindsofwriting,thewordsyouchoosemaydomorethaninform.Theselectionofawordoftenrevealsyouremotionsandattitudetoyoursubject.10/12/2024TaskOne:Canyoudetectinthefollowingsentenceshowthewriter’sattitudechangesfromsentencetosentence?

a.Whataslimgirlsheis!b.Howthinsheis!c.Thegirlissoskinny/bony.ApprovalAbagofbones→→10/12/2024So,thethreewords,thoughsimilarintheirdenotativemeanings,arediverseinaffectivemeanings—thatis,theyrevealdifferentattitudesofthewriter.WhenwewriteinEnglish,wehavetobeverycarefulwithsuchemotionallyloadedwords.10/12/2024TaskTwo:

A.Completethetablewithsynonyms.10/12/2024FavorableNeutralUnfavorableindividualistic,unique,quaintstrange

bizarre,abnormal

strong-minded,resolute,steadfaststubborn,doggedpigheadedpraise,commend,flattercomplimentv.lickone’sboots

seniorcitizen

oldperson

fossilbachelorgirl

singlewomanspinster10/12/2024B.Fillintheblankswiththewordsintheabovetable.10/12/2024Ⅳ.collocation

10/12/2024TaskOne:

Fillintheblankswithdoormake.

Certainwordstendtooccurtogetherregularly.10/12/2024Tosumup,collocationdefinesasequenceofwordsortermsthatco-occurmoreoftenthanwouldbeexpectedbychance.

10/12/2024Collocationisaveryimportantlanguagefeatureandwemustmakenoteofthatwhenwelearnalanguage.10/12/2024Thereareseveraltypesofcollocation:v.+n.,a.+n.,v.+ad.,prep.+n.,v.+prep..Learningawordisnotonlylearningitsmeaning;italsoincludeslearningwhichwordorwordsitusuallygoeswith,thatis,itscollocations.

10/12/2024TaskTwo

Choosethebestmodifiersforthefollowingnounphrases.

10/12/2024Country

Glowing

Crowning

Outright

accent-effect

-report/account/description

-achievement-glory

-refusal/ban/abolition

→→→→Pronounced→10/12/2024Ⅴ.Falsefriends

10/12/2024TaskOne

ReadthefollowingconversationbetweenAliceandtheRedandWhiteQueensinLewisCaroll’sThroughtheLookingGlass.Canyoufindoutthecausethemisunderstanding?

10/12/2024Misunderstandingarisesfromtheuseofhomonyms,orfalsefriends,“flowerandflour”,“ground(asthepastparticipleofgrind)andground(meaningthesolidsurfaceoftheearth)”.Inthisexcerpt,theuseoffalsefriendsaddsahumoroustouchtothetext.10/12/2024Wecallpairsofwordssimilarinappearanceorpronunciationbutdifferentinmeaningfalsefriends.

10/12/2024Somemoreexamples:

fairvs.farefarthervs.furtheradvisevs.adviceaffectvs.effectcomplimentvs.complementcapitalvs.capitolcrediblevs.creduloussubconsciousvs.unconscious