Unit2Ihaveagoodfriend-2023-2024學(xué)六年級(jí)英語(yǔ)上冊(cè)英語(yǔ)單元速記巧練（牛津上海版）3

Unit2IhaveagoodfriendFamilyandrelatives話題家庭成員詞匯1.poemn.詩(shī)歌2.poetn.詩(shī)人3.friendn.朋友4.friendlya.友善的5.visitv.參觀6.visitorn.游客,參觀者7.pollutev.污染8.pollutionn.污染物9.helpv.幫助；helpfula.有幫助的；helplessa.沒(méi)有幫助的；12.caren.關(guān)心；carefula.小心的；carelessa.粗心的15.use；v.使用；reusev.再次使用；.usefula.有用的短語(yǔ)readapoem2.talkto/withsb.(介賓)liketoplaygames=likeplayinggames3.gooutatnightonacoldnight(具體某一天用on)4.intheeveningwalktoschool=gotoschoolonfoot6.eattheirlunchtogetherbekind/friendlytoothers8.sharetheirfoodhelpotherpeople10.belateforschool/classgetangry12.have/hasbeentosp.13.keepsth.+a.14.pickuprubbish15.tellsb.(not)todosth.句型1.hedoesn’ttalkatall.=Shenevertalks.她從不說(shuō)話。2.Wegototheparkalmosteveryday.我們幾乎天天去公園。3.Shecanreadandwrite.她會(huì)讀和寫。and用于肯定句，改為否定或疑問(wèn)句時(shí)變?yōu)閛r4.Theyliketobetogether.他們喜歡在一起。5.ShesometimeswatchesTV.她有時(shí)候看電視。6.Sheisalwaysfriendlyandhelpful.她一直很友善而且樂(lè)于助人。7.Shenevertellslies.她從不說(shuō)謊。8.Ihavealready/justbeentoShanghai.我已經(jīng)/剛剛?cè)ミ^(guò)上海了。9.Ihaven’t(havenot)beentoShanghaiyet.我還沒(méi)去過(guò)上海。10.HaveyoubeentoShanghaiyet?你去過(guò)上海了嗎？Yes,Ihave.No,Ihaven’t.11.WhataboutgoingtoShanghai?=HowaboutgoingtoShanghai?=WhynotgotoShanghai?語(yǔ)法一般將來(lái)時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)考點(diǎn)1.almostadv.1）幾乎Dinnerisalmostready.2）實(shí)際上，簡(jiǎn)直（用于no,nobody,none,nothing,never之前）【例題】Almostnoonebelievedhim.基本上沒(méi)人相信他。【辨析】區(qū)別almost和nearlyalmost/nearly相同點(diǎn)：“幾乎，將近，差不多”，當(dāng)于動(dòng)詞、副詞、形容詞及名詞連用時(shí)，意義接近，可互換。It'snearlylunchtime.=It'salmostlunchtime.考點(diǎn)2.neveradv.從不;alwaysadv.總是，一直【例題】Shealwaysworkshard.Sheisneverlateforschool.Shenevergetsangry.她一直工作努力。她上學(xué)從來(lái)不遲到。她從來(lái)不生氣?！就卣埂孔⒁鈇lways和never在句中的位置，它們都是副詞常用于be動(dòng)詞之后、行為動(dòng)詞之前?！揪氁痪殹?.Sheangrywithme.A)alwaysisB)isalwaysC)alwaysbeD)bealways【答案】B考點(diǎn)3.otherprep.另外，其他【例句】It’shardtotellmethetwinbrothersonefromtheother.這對(duì)孿生兄弟很難辨認(rèn)。【拓展】★other的復(fù)數(shù)形式為others.★other還可以作形容詞+名詞復(fù)數(shù).★eachother互相,彼此考點(diǎn)4.friendlyadj.友好的【例句】OurEnglishteacherisfriendlytous.我們的英語(yǔ)老師對(duì)我們很友好。【拓展】★befriendlytosb.“...對(duì)某人友好”或“對(duì)某人友善”，指對(duì)別人的態(tài)度友好，相當(dāng)于bekindtosb.?！颾efriendlywithsb.“和某人關(guān)系友好”或“與某人要好”,指的是兩者的關(guān)系?！局R(shí)鏈接】friendn.朋友friendshipn.友誼；友情【練一練】1.Nancyisalways(friend)tohisclassmates.Sotheyalllikeher.【答案】friendly2.Asagoodstudentatschool,youshouldalwaysbefriendlyothers.A)forB)toC)withD)at【答案】B考點(diǎn)5.granddaughtern.孫女；外孫女【例句】Whoisthegirlinreddress?Sheismygranddaughter.【拓展】grandfather祖父，外祖父grandmother祖母，外祖母grandson孫子，外孫考點(diǎn)6.helpfuladj.有幫助的【例句】1.Weshouldbeahelpfulperson.我們應(yīng)該成為一個(gè)有用的人。2.Tomisonlyahelplessbaby.湯姆只是一個(gè)需要人照顧的嬰兒?！就卣埂縣elpv./n.幫助helpern.助手用的helpfuladj.有幫助的helplessadj.無(wú)助的，無(wú)helpsbtodo/do/with【練一練】Itis(help)toreadEnglishinthemorning.【答案】helpful考點(diǎn)7.kindn.友好的，寬容的【例句】SheisalwayskindtomewhenIamunhappy.我不開(kāi)心的時(shí)候，她總是對(duì)我很好?！就卣埂俊颾ekindto意為“對(duì)…….友好”【練一練】3.Mygrandmotherisboth____(kindness)andfunny.【答案】kind考點(diǎn)8.naughtyadj.淘氣的【例句】He’saverynaughtychild.他是個(gè)很調(diào)皮的孩子。【練一練】Tomalwaysbreakstheclassroomrulesandfightswithothers.Heisveryn.【答案】naughty考點(diǎn)9.lien.謊言【例句】Tomtellsalietohismother.湯姆向媽媽撒了一個(gè)謊?！就卣埂?）說(shuō)謊2）躺，平臥3）位于lie（平躺）分詞)lay(lie的過(guò)去式)lain(lie的過(guò)去分詞)lie（撒謊）在分詞）lied(lie的過(guò)去式)lied(lie的過(guò)去分詞)lay（孵蛋，平躺）在分詞）laid(lay的過(guò)去式)laid(lay的過(guò)去分詞)口訣：規(guī)矩的小孩不撒謊（lieliedlied），亂七八糟地躺著（lielaylain）。lying(現(xiàn)在lying（現(xiàn)laying（現(xiàn)【練一練】You’dbetternotlies,It’snotgoodforyou.speakB)talkC)sayD)tell【答案】D考點(diǎn)10.pollutev.污染；玷污，敗壞【例句】Theseaispollutedbytheoil.【拓展】1.pollutionn.【常見(jiàn)詞組】airpollution大氣污染landpollution土地污染waterpollution水污染groundwaterpollution地下水污染oceanpollution海洋污染noisepollution噪音污染考點(diǎn)11.keepv.保持keepern.看守者，經(jīng)營(yíng)者【例句】Iamsorrytokeepyouwaiting.對(duì)不起，讓您久等了?！就卣埂縆eep+adj/keep+doingsth【常見(jiàn)詞組】1）keepawayfromsb./sth.不接近某人、某物2）keepaneyeon注意，看守3)keepout留在外面4)keepupwithsb./sth.跟上...,趕上....考點(diǎn)12.promisev.承諾，保證【例句】Theseaispollutedbytheoil.【拓展】promise(not)todosth.承諾（不）做某事promisen.諾言，承諾【常見(jiàn)詞組】makeapromise答應(yīng)；許諾keepone'spromise遵守諾言breakone'spromise違背諾言一．語(yǔ)法精講——頻度副詞及現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)一、頻度副詞用法：always，usually，often，sometimes,seldom和never在一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)中的用法：放在be動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞后面，放在行為動(dòng)詞前面?！颽lwaysalways意為“總是”，與進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)連用時(shí)，可以表示贊揚(yáng)，也可以表示討厭等感情色彩。e.g.（1）Ishallalwaysremembermyfirstdayatschool.我將永遠(yuǎn)記住我上學(xué)的第一天。（2）Heisalwayssmoking.他總是抽煙。★usuallyusually可以指通常的動(dòng)作，但是側(cè)重已經(jīng)形成的習(xí)慣，它是從已經(jīng)形成的角度來(lái)說(shuō)明動(dòng)作。e.g.（1）IusuallydosomeshoppingwithmyparentsonSundays.我經(jīng)常在星期天和我的父母一起去買東西。（2）Heusuallygoestoschoolbybike.他通常騎自行車上學(xué)?！飋ftenoften是指經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作，意思為“常常,經(jīng)?！?。e.g.（1）Childrendon'toftendohomework.孩子們經(jīng)常不寫作業(yè)。（2）Heisoftenlateforschool.他經(jīng)常上學(xué)遲到?！飐ometimessometimes意思為“有時(shí)，不時(shí)”，表示次數(shù)較少（低于often所表達(dá)的次數(shù)），常常與一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或一般過(guò)去時(shí)連用。e.g.（1）Sometimeshegoestoworkbybike,andsometimeshegoesbybus.

有時(shí)候他騎自行車上班，有時(shí)候他乘公共汽車上班。（2）SometimesIhelpedmyparentsinthehouse.有時(shí)候我?guī)椭改缸黾覄?wù)?！飄ardlyhardly意思為“難得,幾乎從來(lái)不”，它所表示的次數(shù)非常少。e.g.（1）Hehardlydrinks.他幾乎不喝酒。（2）Shehardlyplayscards.她幾乎不打牌?！飊evernever意思為“決不,從未”，表示一次也沒(méi)有。e.g.（1）Heneverlivesthere.他從來(lái)都沒(méi)有在那兒住過(guò)。（2）Sheneverhasanythingtodo.她一向無(wú)所事事。二、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)基本概念：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響或有無(wú)某方面的經(jīng)歷。時(shí)態(tài)構(gòu)成：have/has+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)是很難掌握的一種時(shí)態(tài)，因?yàn)樗⒉皇潜硎景l(fā)生在某一時(shí)間的事情，而是既涉及過(guò)去，又聯(lián)系現(xiàn)在的一種時(shí)態(tài)。比較：IliveinShanghai.我住在上海。（一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)）ImovedtoShanghaitenyearsago.十年前我搬到上海住了。（一般過(guò)去時(shí)）IhavelivedinShanghaifortenyears.我在上海住了十年了。（現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)）用法詳解現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)由“have/has+過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成。其中的have/has為助動(dòng)詞，構(gòu)成疑問(wèn)句時(shí)，可將其提前；構(gòu)成否定句時(shí)，可直接在其后加not。過(guò)去分詞的構(gòu)成★一般情況→詞尾+ed★以不發(fā)音字母e結(jié)尾→詞尾+d★以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾，且末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母→雙寫詞尾+ed現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法表影響：表示過(guò)去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響和結(jié)果，可以和already,yet,just等連用。1)Ihavealreadypostedthephotos.我已經(jīng)把照片寄了。（照片不在我這里了）2)haveyouhadyourlunchyet?你吃午飯了嗎？Yes,Ihavejusthadit.是的，我吃了，我剛剛吃過(guò)。（現(xiàn)在不餓了）表繼續(xù)：表示過(guò)去已經(jīng)開(kāi)始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，還可能繼續(xù)下去的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，可以和表示從過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。如：thismorning,thesedays,inthelast(past)…,since,foralongtime等。Theyhavelivedheresince1989.自從1989年以來(lái)，他們就住在這里。Shehasbeenthereforovertwoyears.她在那里兩年多了。表經(jīng)驗(yàn)：表示從過(guò)去到現(xiàn)在之間曾經(jīng)經(jīng)歷過(guò)的事情，常和never,ever,once,threetimes,before等連用。IhaveneverbeentoEgyptbefore.我以前從沒(méi)去過(guò)埃及。HehasbeentoEgyptthreetimes.他去過(guò)埃及3次了?！揪氁痪殹浚ㄒ唬?.Lisalovesreading.Sheinherfreetime.(A)alwayssleeps(B)oftenreadsnovels(C)sometimessleeps(D)seldomreadsnovels2.Linda:doesJohngoshopping?Judy:Heseldomgoesshopping.Maybeonceortwiceayear.(A)How(B)Howmuch(C)Howoften(D)Howmany3.Marydoesnotalwaysgotoschoolearly.She'slateforschool.(A)always(B)usually(C)sometimes(D)never4.IusuallysaytomyclassmateswhenImeettheminthemorning.(A)goodmorning(B)goodevening(C)goodnight(D)goodbye5.Sheinherbed,butitisnotgoodtohereyes.(A)alwayssleeps(B)neverstudies(C)oftenstudies(D)seldomsleeps6.Hehungryafterschool,soheeatsasnackbeforehegoeshome.(A)isnever(B)alwaysis(C)neveris(D)isalways（二）()1.We___anewschoolinmyhometownrecently(最近).build B.havebuilt C.built D.willbuild()2.DidyourbrothergotoAmericalastyear?________.A.No,hedidnevergothereB.No,hehasnevergonethereC.No,heneverwasthere()3_____theGreatWall?HaveyouevergonetoC.DoyouevergotoD.No,he'sneverbeenthereB.AreyouevergoingtoD.Haveyoueverbeento()4.I___thebookyet.A.haven'treadB.hadn'treadC.don'treadD.amnotreading()5TheyleftforBeijinglastmonthandwe___themeversince.A.don'thearfromB.haven'theardfromC.won'thearfromD.didn'thearfrom()6Hesayshe___thebookseveraltimesalreadythisyear.A.hadreadB.hasreadC.willreadD.isreading【答案】BCAACDBDDABB【重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)回顧】1.talktoher:和她談話2.not…atall：一點(diǎn)也不，根本不3.gooutatnight：晚上出去4.liketobetogether：喜歡在一起5.walktoschool=gotoschoolonfoot：步行上學(xué)6.helpeachother：互相幫助7.helpotherpeople：幫助別人8.workhard：學(xué)習(xí)努力9.getangry：生氣10.shareherfoodwithme：和我分享她的食物11.telllies：撒謊12.liveintheUSA：住在美國(guó)13.forthefirsttime：第一次14.onSaturday：在周六15.FriendsoftheEarth：地球之友16.lookaftertheenvironment：保護(hù)環(huán)境17.pollutetheenvironment：污染環(huán)境18.helpkeeptheenvironmentclean：幫助保持環(huán)境整潔19.pickuprubbish：撿起垃圾20.putrubbishintorubbishbins：把垃圾扔到垃圾箱里21.tellpeoplenottoleaverubbish