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思維導(dǎo)圖Unit13We’retryingtosavetheearth!思維導(dǎo)圖模塊小結(jié)知識要點(diǎn)一知識要點(diǎn)一、重點(diǎn)單詞,短語及句式?!揪v精練】要點(diǎn)1advantageadvantagen.有利條件,益處,優(yōu)越性用法例句1)havetheadvantageof意為“有….的優(yōu)勢”Hehadtheadvantageofagoodeducation.2)taketheadvantageofdoing意為“充分利用…的優(yōu)勢”Youneedtotaketheadvantageoftheopportunity.3)takedisadvantageof意為“利用”Someonemaybetryingtotakedisadvantageofyou.【典例分析】1.你應(yīng)該充分利用你的優(yōu)勢,這樣才可以做到更好。2.小心點(diǎn),不要讓別人利用了.要點(diǎn)2spend“四朵金花”(高頻考題,重點(diǎn)訓(xùn)練)詞匯用法spend主語必須是人,常用于以下結(jié)構(gòu):1.spendtime/moneyonsth.在....上花費(fèi)時(shí)間/金錢2.spendtime/money(in)doingsth.花費(fèi)時(shí)間/金錢做某事cost主語是物或者某種活動,還可以表示“值”,常見用法:“sthcosts(sb)+金錢”,意為“某物花了(某人)多少錢”take后面常跟雙賓語,常用于以下結(jié)構(gòu):1.“Ittakessb+時(shí)間+todosth”做某事花費(fèi)某人多少時(shí)間。2.“doingsthtakessb+時(shí)間”做某事花費(fèi)某人多少時(shí)間。pay主語必須是人,常用于以下結(jié)構(gòu):1.pay(sb)moneyforsth.為...付錢(給某人)2.payforsth.付....的錢3.payforsb.替某人付錢4.paysb.付錢給某人?!镜淅治觥恳?、單項(xiàng)選擇:1.It______________metwoweekstofinishreadingthenovelwrittenbyGuoJingming.A.spent B.took C.paid D.cost2.ThenewTshirt_______________mefiftyyuan.A.spent B.took C.paid D.cost3.He___________twentyyuanforthebook.A.paid B.took C.cost D.spent 4.Iusually____________twohoursonmyhomeworkeveryday.A.spend B.pay C.cost D.take5.Jackusually__________anhour___________hishomework. A.takes,todoB.pays,fordoing C.spends,ondoingD.spends,doing6.Lucyspendsonehundredyuan___________bookseverymonth. A.on B.in C.with D.of7.LittleTomusuallyspendshisfreetime___________somereadingathome. A.do B.doing C.ondoing D.todo8.IttookLucytwodays___________drawingthisbeautifulpicture. A.tofinish B.infinishing C.finishing D.finish9.Asmile____________nothing,butgivesmuch.A.costsB.spendsC.costD.spend二、選擇正確的“花費(fèi)”的適當(dāng)形式填空。1、It______________meaboutanhourtodomyhomeworkeveryday.2、I______________anhourcleaningmyofficeyesterday.3、Thisheavycoat______________me500yuan.4、I______________50yuanforthedictionaryyesterdayafternoon.5、I______________twohoursonthismathsproblem.Atlast,Iworkeditout.三、完成句子。1、他們花了兩年建造這座大橋。They__________twoyears_____________________thisbridge.2、他們用了三年時(shí)間修完了這條路。___________________themthreeyears__________buildthisroad.3、從這里走到車站花了我們半小時(shí)。________________usthirtyminutes_______________fromheretothestation.4、我花了兩個(gè)小時(shí)才完成這篇作文。Ittookmetwohours______________________theposition.5、我花三千元買了這部。________________3,000yuan__________themobilephone.要點(diǎn)3harmharmadj.危害;傷害;損害harmfuladj.有害的用法例句(1)doharmto意為“對……有害”Smokingdoesharmtoyourhealth(2)beharmfulto.意為“對….有害”Smokingisharmfultoyourhealth.Quitsmokingearlyisgoodforyourhealth.【拓展】begoodfor對……有益beharmfulto對……有害doharmto對……有害【典例分析】1.Smokingis________toyou.A.harm B.harmful C.harms D.harmless2.Itis_____toyourhealthtodrinktoomuch.
A.hopeless B.hopeful C.harmless D.harmful3.被污染的水對魚類有害。Pollutedwaterisfish.4.長時(shí)間看電視對你眼睛有害.WatchingTVforalongtime_____________________youreyes.=WatchingTVforalongtime_____________________youreyes.=WatchingTVforalongtime_____________________youreyes.5.Readinginthesunis________youreyes.A.harmfulto B.harmfor C.harmfulfor D.harmto要點(diǎn)4affordafford為動詞,意為“(有財(cái)力)買得起,付得起”。例:Thegirllikesthehandbagverymuch,butshecan'taffordit.這個(gè)女孩非常喜歡這個(gè)手提包,但她買不起【考點(diǎn)】afford常接在can,could,beableto之后,表示擔(dān)負(fù)得起(……的費(fèi)用、損失、后果等),常用于否定句和疑問句中。例:Manypeoplecan'taffordanewhousenow.現(xiàn)在許多人買不起新房子。【重點(diǎn)】afford后面可以接名詞、代詞或動詞不定式作賓語。afford后跟動詞不定式作賓語,canaffordto/dosth.:有能力支付做某事\buysth.:買得起某物例:Thefamilycouldnotaffordtosendhertocollege.家里沒有足夠的錢供她上大學(xué)?!倦y點(diǎn)】afford后面可以接雙賓語,即affordsb.sth.“為某人提供某物”。例:Readingwillaffordyoumuchpleasure.閱讀會給你提供很多樂趣?!镜淅治觥?.—Somechildrencan'taffordnecessarystationery.—Let'sdonateourpocketmoneytothem.A.buyB.buyingC.tobuyD.bebought2.Iamafraidwecannot_______totakeataxi.Let’sgobyundergroundinstead.A.refuseB.affordC.forgetD.fall3.Ican't________thepurseforit'ssoexpensive.A.find B.afford C.cost D.spend4.他太窮了買不起城市的房子。Heisverypoorand___________________ahouseinthecity.5.Carsaresoexpensivethatonlytheveryrichcan______tobuythem.A.wait B.affordC.get D.have要點(diǎn)4pollutionpollution的用法pollution是不可數(shù)名詞,意為“污染”。其動詞形式為pollute。【拓展】與pollution相關(guān)的短語【典例分析】1.Thereisless____________(pollute)inSuzhouthaninothercitiesinChina.2.Thelocalpeoplehadtomoveawaybecausetheenvironmentisseriously____________(pollute).3.Thisriverisdirtybecauseitis________bythewaterfromthatchemistryfactory.A.reduced
B.polluted
C.included
D.created4.Sleepingwithlightsonisa.You’dbettermakesureallthelightsareoffbeforeyougotobed.A.pollution B.action C.waste D.collection要點(diǎn)6takepartin參加辨析join,joinin,takepartin,attend詞匯用法例句join指加入某個(gè)組織成為其中一員。jointheArmy/theParty/theLeague參軍/入黨/入團(tuán)Mybrotherwilljointhearmy.joinin多指參加小規(guī)模的活動,如游戲、球賽等,joininsth.參加某事CanIjoininthegame?takepartin指參加群眾性活動、會議并在其中起積極作用Allthestudentsinourclasstookpartinthesportmeeting.attend正式用語,指參加會議、婚禮、典禮;聽報(bào)告、講座等。He'llattendanimportantmeetingtomorrow.【典例分析】1.用take
part
in、join
in和join的適當(dāng)形式填空。1)Ihopethatyou’ll________thediscussionthisafternoon.2.)Itisthreemonthssincehe______thefootballclub.3)Allthestudents___________theactivityofplantingtreeslastweek.4)Hedidnot____themeetingyesterday.2.-I’mgoingtoHongKongnextmonth.Whataboutyou,Jenny?-Iwill_______socialpractice.A.takepartinB.takeplaceC.takeoffD.takeaction3.DoyouwanttoMike’sbirthdayparty?A.go B.e C.join D.takepartin要點(diǎn)7litterv.亂扔;n.垃圾;廢棄物不可數(shù)名詞,意為“垃圾”Youcan’tdroplitterinthegarden.動詞,亂扔Weshouldn’tlitterintheclassroom.辨析:litter,garbage,rubbish,waste單詞用法例句litter指四處亂扔的東西和雜物Pleasedon’tdroplitter.garbage專指廚房中的殘羹剩飯等必須清除的垃圾Don’tforgettotakeoutthegarbageafterdinner.rubbish指殘骸、廢物等普通垃圾,特意集中起來便于清除You’dbetternotthrowtherubbishontheground.waste指任何被丟棄的東西Wasteisalsobeingmoreandmorehazardous.【典例分析】1.Youcan’tdropl______inthepark.Weshouldkeepitclean.(根據(jù)首字母提示填空)要點(diǎn)8usedtodosth.過去常常做某事,意思是現(xiàn)在不做了,主語常是人,當(dāng)然也可以是能實(shí)施動作的動物等。Iusedtogetupearlyandtookanhour'swalkbeforebreakfast.我過去常常起床很早并且在早餐前散步一小時(shí)。beusedtodoingsth.習(xí)慣于做某事,主語也通常是人,但是也可以是能實(shí)施動作的動物等。“getusedtodoingsth.”相當(dāng)于“beusedtodoingsth.”。Heis/getsusedtolivinglikethis.他習(xí)慣了這樣生活。beusedfordoingsth.被用于做某beusedtodosth.被用于做某事【典例分析】1.Wehave________upearlyinordertocatchtheearlybus.A.usedtogetB.beenusedtogetC.usedforgettingD.beenusedtogetting2.John_________withaknifebutnowhe_________withchopsticksafterlivinginBeijingforseveralmonths.A.usedtoeat;isusedtoeatB.usedtoeating;getsusedtoeatC.usedtoeat;isusedtoeatingD.wasusedtoeating;isusedtoeat2.用usedto和beusedto的適當(dāng)形式填空。1.Myuncle_____________liveinabigcity,buthe_________________livinginavillagenow.2.I_________________getuplatewhenIwasinthemiddleschool.3.Thechild_________________watchtoomuchTVatnight.Sohehaspooreyesightnow.4.Westudents___________________doingmorningexerciseseveryday.5.There_______________beabeautifulpark.要點(diǎn)9waste(1)waste作不可數(shù)名詞,意為“浪費(fèi),廢物,垃圾”。awasteof意為“浪費(fèi)……”。例如:Ihatewaste.我討厭浪費(fèi)。It’sawasteoftime.這就是浪費(fèi)時(shí)間。(2)waste作形容詞,意為“無用的,浪費(fèi)的,荒廢的”。例如:Weshouldn’tthrowwastepaperabout.我們不應(yīng)該亂扔廢紙。Afactoryispouringwastewaterintotheriver.一家工廠正在向河里傾倒廢水。(3)waste作及物動詞,意為“浪費(fèi)”。wastetime/money(in)doing/onsth.表示“在做某事上浪費(fèi)時(shí)間/金錢”。Don’twastewater!不要浪費(fèi)水?!镜淅治觥?.AfterdinnerMumaskedmetothrowthe_______inthebowlsinthebagontheground.
A.fly
B.waste
C.sand
D.scarf2.Weallneedahealthyenvironment,butweproduceeverydayanditisharmfultoourenvironment.
A.dreams B.trouble C.problems D.waste3.媽媽認(rèn)為玩電腦游戲是浪費(fèi)時(shí)間。Mumthinksit________________________________________toplayputergames.4.這條河流被從工廠流出的廢物嚴(yán)重污染。Theriverwas_________________________________________fromthefactory5.—ThelateststyleofHuaweimobilephoneswillbeonsale.Iwanttobuyone.—Ithinkyoushouldn’t________toomuchmoneyonnewmobilephonesyoudon’tneed.A.wasteB.putC.shareD.give要點(diǎn)10endangeredadj.瀕危的;瀕臨滅絕的【例句】Ourgovernmentmustbedonetoprotecttheseendangeredanimals.我們的政府必須采取措施來保護(hù)這些瀕臨滅絕的動物。【辨析】不同的“危險(xiǎn)”danger:不可數(shù)名詞,意為“危險(xiǎn);成脅”,后接of(doing)sth...indanger在危險(xiǎn)中dangerous:形容詞,意為“危險(xiǎn)的”endangered:形容詞,意為“瀕危的;瀕臨滅絕的”【典例分析】1.Thegirlisin.這個(gè)女孩處于危險(xiǎn)之中。2.Itistoplaywithfire.玩火是危險(xiǎn)的。3.Pandasareanimals.熊貓是瀕危動物4.Nowadayssomanyanimals_______danger,weshouldtakeactionstosavethem.A.isin B.arein C.isoutof D.areoutof5.Whenonewalksinaforestaloneatnight,hemaybe______becausetherearemany______animalsaroundthem.A.
dangerous;indangerB.
dangerous;dangerousC.
indanger;dangerousD.
indanger;indanger;要點(diǎn)11win為動詞,意為“贏、獲勝”,例:Wearesuretowinthegame.我們確信能贏得比賽。【考點(diǎn)】辨析win和beat=1\*GB3①win指在游戲、比賽、競賽、選舉中獲勝,后常跟game,race,prize等表示“物”的詞。例:Tomwonfirstprizeinthewritingpetition.湯姆在寫作競賽中贏得了一等獎=2\*GB3②beat指在運(yùn)動、比賽等中獲勝,打敗了其他人或其他隊(duì),后常跟somebody,class等表示“人”的詞。例:TheybeatusinthebasketballmatchlastMonday.上周一他們在籃球比賽中打敗我們。【典例分析】1.在最后,我們獲得了比賽勝利!Atlast,we________thegame!2.他竭盡全力擊敗他的朋友并獲得了比賽的勝利Hetriedhisbestto_________hisfriendand__________thegame!3.XuHaifeng________thefirstgold________inOlympicGamesforChina.A.gets;medal B.won;symbolC.got;prize D.won;medal4.Theirfootballteamwasinthatimportantgame.
A.won B.beatenC.failed D.beat5.DidNewJerseyNets________MiamiHeat?—No,theywere________.A.lose;beatenB.win;lostC.beat;beatenD.lose;beat6.Hedidashisteachertoldhimand________firstplaceintheexam.A.won B.beatC.lost D.win7.—Whichteam_______thematch,TeamOneorTeamTwo?—TeamOne_______TeamTwo.A.won;won B.beat;beatC.beat;won D.won;beat8.Thisyearwetrainedharder,weshouldn’t________________totheotherteam.A.win B.beat C.lose D.defeat要點(diǎn)12insteadof代替;而不是【解析】insteadof意為“代替;而不是”,與inplaceof同義。We'llaskLiMeiinsteadofMary.我們將去問李梅而不問瑪麗?!颈嫖觥縤nstead與insteadofinstead:副詞,意為“代替;相反”,常用于句首,在句中作狀語,起連接上下句的作用,通常是上句含有否定的,然后用instead引出下句。也可以用于句末,常用于各自獨(dú)立的句子中insteadof:表“代替;而不是”。后接名詞或代詞、介詞短語或動詞ing形式,不能單獨(dú)使用【典例分析】1.根據(jù)句意,選用instead或insteadof填空。1)MaryisgoingtoShanghai__________Guangzhou.2)Jackdidn’tdohishomework.________,hewenttoseeafilm.3)Annsaidnothing.Shebegantocry________.4)Ihavetodomyhomework__________goingout.2.昨晚他待在家里,而沒有去看電影Hestayedathome_________________________tothecinemalastnight.3.她沒有玩電腦游戲,而是為考試而學(xué)習(xí)。Shedidn’tplayputergames.Shestudiedforthetest__________.4.Hedidn'tanswermyquestion.Instead,heaskedmeaquestion.(同義改寫)=Heaskedmeaquestion____________________________myquestion.5.Whataniceday!Weshouldgosightseeing________watchingTVinthehotel.A.becauseofB.insteadof C.togetherwith D.instead6.MissWhitedoesn'tlikebuyingniceclothes.Shelikescollectingstorybooks________.A.instead B.either C.too D.insteadof要點(diǎn)13thenumberof/anumberof(1)anumberof意為“許多”,后面接可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式,謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。number前面可以用large,great,small等修飾,構(gòu)成alargenumberof;asmallnumberof等。例如:Ihaveanumberofletterstowrite.我有許多信件要寫。Alargenumberofstudentsinourschoolarefromthecountryside.我們學(xué)校許多學(xué)生來自農(nóng)村。Asmallnumberofstudentsinourclasswentswimmingyesterday.昨天我們班一小部分學(xué)生去游泳了。(2)thenumberof意為“……的數(shù)量”,后接可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù),謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。例如:ThenumberofpeoplespeakingChineseislargerthanthatofthosespeakingEnglish.說漢語的人數(shù)要大于說英語的人數(shù)?!镜淅治觥?.Thenumberofpeopleinvitedtotheparty________fifty,butanumberofthem________absentfordifferentreasons.A.were;was B.was;wasC.was;were D.were;were2.Asweallknow,__________numberofpeoplelearningChineseisincreasingrapidly.A.a B.an C.the D.\3.There_____anumberofbooksinthelibraryandthenumberofthem_____increasing.A.has;isB.have;areC.are;isD.is;are4.________studentsintheschoolisover2,000.________themarefromthecity.A.Thenumberof;Anumberof B.Thenumberof;ThenumberofC.Anumberof;AnumberofD.Anumberof;Thenumberof要點(diǎn)14putsth.togooduse好好利用某物putsth.togooduse意為“好好利用某物”,相當(dāng)于makegooduseofsth.,被動語態(tài)為sth.beputtogooduse,表示某物被好好利用。與put有關(guān)的短語:①putoff意為“推遲",后接名詞、代詞或動詞ing形式.例:We'llputoffholdingthesportsmeetingbecauseofrain.由于下雨,我們將推遲舉辦運(yùn)動會。②putaway意為“收拾起來".例:Thelittlegirlputthebowlawayaftershefinishedherdinner吃完晚飯后,小女孩兒把碗收拾起來。③putup意為“張貼、舉起、建立",例:Anewschoolwasputuplastyear.去年新建了一所學(xué)校。④puton意為“穿上”例:Whatdressshalllputonfortheparty?我應(yīng)該穿什么衣服去參加聚會呢?⑤putout意為“撲滅;熄滅".例:Thefiremensoonputoutthefire.消防員很快把火撲滅了。eq\o\ac(○,6)putthrough意為“給……接通”【典例分析】1.—Jason,wouldyoupleasethisnotice?
—Withpleasure.puton B.putoffC.putup D.putout2.Tonyboughtaphotoofhisfavouritesportsstarand________onhisbedroomwall.A.gaveitup B.founditoutC.lookeditthrough D.putitup3.—Jason,couldyouplease________thispictureonthewall?—Withpleasure.A.puton B.putoffC.putup D.putout4.Theexamisoverandresultswillbe onFridayafternoon.A.putdown B.putoff C.putup D.putaway要點(diǎn)15bemadeof由…….制造;由……制作【例句】Thequiltismadeofcotton.這被子是棉花做的。【辨析】bemadeof、bemadefrom、bemadein、bemadeinto與bemadebybemadeof:“...….制成”,張調(diào)能奮出原材料bemadefrom:“....…制成”,強(qiáng)調(diào)看不出原材村bemadein:“在(某地)制造”,后跟地點(diǎn)或場所bemadeinto:“被制成……”,后跟成品bemadeby:“由(某人)制造”,后跟制造成品的人bemadeinto“把……做成某產(chǎn)品”,是把材料做成產(chǎn)品。Manygoodbooksaremadeintofilms.許多好書被制成了電影。bemadeof“由……制成”,由制成品仍可看出原材料。Thecoatismadeofsilk.這件外套是由絲綢做成的。bemadefrom“由……制成”,制成品經(jīng)過變化,看不出原材料。Paperismadefromwood.紙是由木頭做成的。bemadein“……生產(chǎn)于某地”。ManywashingmachinesaremadeinHefei.許多洗衣機(jī)是合肥生產(chǎn)的。bemadeupof“由……組/構(gòu)成”,表示事物是由若干部分構(gòu)成的。Ourclassismadeupoftwentythreeboysandtwentyfivegirls.我們班是由23位男孩和25位女孩組成的?!镜淅治觥?.Thescarfwhichis________silk________softandfortable.A.madefrom;soundsB.madeof;feelsC.madein;smellsD.madeupof;smells2.Somegoodsmade________Westerncountriesareveryexpensive.A.byB.inC.fromD.of3.Booksaremade________paperwhilepaperismainlymade________wood.A.of;ofB.from;fromC.of;fromD.from;of4.我爺爺做的這種果汁,是由多種水果做的。Thejuicewhich______________________________manykindsoffruitsis____________________mygrandpa.5.這支醫(yī)療隊(duì)由12名醫(yī)生組成。Thismedicalteam__________________________________12doctors.要點(diǎn)16beknownfor以……聞名;為人知曉beknownfor與beknownasbeknownfor:與befamous/wellknownfor為同義,表示因某種知識、技能或特征而聞名beknownas:與befamous/wellknownas為同義表達(dá),表示以某種身份、職業(yè)而聞名【典例分析】1.Bondibeachisknown________________aninterestingplace_______________holidays.A.in;for B.as;for C.for;to D.to;as2.YaoMingisknown________________aplayer________________basketballfans.A.for;as B.as;for C.as;to D.as;in3.LadyGagaisknown________asingerandsheisknown__________herbeautifulvoice.
A.for;as B.as;forC.for;for D.as;as要點(diǎn)17…althoughthereareotherlanguagesforeverydayuse.本句是although引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句。although的意思相當(dāng)于though,意為“盡管,雖然”,用來引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。它所引導(dǎo)的從句不能與并列連詞but;and;so等連用,但可以和yet;still等詞連用。例如:Althoughhelivesalone,hedoesn’tfeellonely.=Helivesalone,buthedoesn’tfeellonely.雖然他一個(gè)人住,但他并不感到孤獨(dú)。Thereisairallaroundus,althoughwecannotseeit.雖然我們看不見空氣,但空氣卻存在于我們的周圍?!就卣埂縜lthough與though的辨析:(1)用作連詞,表示“雖然”,二者可以互換使用,但although比though更為正式。例如:Though/Althoughitwasraining,westillwentthere.雖然下著雨,但我們還是去了那里。(2)although一般不用作副詞,而though可用作副詞,且一般放在句末(不放在句首),意為“可是,不過”。例如:It’shardwork;Ienjoyit,though.工作很辛苦,可是我很喜歡。Wealltriedourbest;Welostthegame,though.我們都盡了最大努力,但我們還是輸了。(3)在asthough(好像,仿佛),eventhough(即使,縱然)等固定短語中不能用although。例如:Hetalksasthoughheknowseverything.他夸夸其談,好像無所不知。eventhough/evenif都可引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句,都不能與but連用,但可以與yet,still等連用。eventhough和evenif一般可互換。語氣比though/although強(qiáng)烈。Hewon'ttellmeaboutthenewseventhough/evenifheknowsit.即使他知道這消息,他也不會告訴我的【典例分析】1.—HowdoyouliketheconcertgivenbyEXO?—Exciting,______onepieceofthemusicwasn’tplayedquitewell.A.though B.because C.so D.and2.Mysistercanbereallysmart.______shedidn’tknowthebestwayofgettingtoplaces,shemanagedtoorganizethetripproperly.A.Though B.But C.Because D.UnlessA./;butB.Although;howeverC.Though;butD./;and4.Onthosefoggydays,youcouldhardlyseeanythingaroundyou________itwasatnoon.
A.so B.becauseC.butD.though5.即使知道是無望的,我也堅(jiān)持嘗試。Ikeptontrying,_______________Iknewitwashopeless.6.盡管雨下得很大,農(nóng)民們?nèi)匀辉谵r(nóng)場里工作。_____________________it’sraininghard,thefarmersarestillworkingonthefarm.要點(diǎn)18hearof意為“聽說,聽到”,相當(dāng)于hearabout。例如:Ihaveneverheardofhim.我從來沒聽人說起過他。【拓展】hear;hearof與hearfrom的辨析:(1)hear“聽見,聽說”。當(dāng)“聽見”講時(shí),強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果,可直接帶賓語或用于hearsb./sth.do/doingsth.意為“聽見某人/某物(在)做某事”,當(dāng)“聽說”時(shí),后面常接從句。例如:Canyouhearabirdsinginginthetreenow?你現(xiàn)在能聽見鳥在樹上唱歌嗎?Iheardthatshepassedtheexam.我聽說她通過考試了。(2)hearof“聽說,得知”,后面接名詞或代詞,指聽到某人或某事的存在或消息。例如:Jimdisappearedandnobodyheardofhim.Jim不知去向,沒有人再聽到他的消息。(3)hearfrom“收到……來信”,后面常接人作賓語。例如:Haveyoueverheardfromyourpenpal?你是否收到過筆友的來信。要點(diǎn)19remember作動詞,意為“記得”。與forget意思相反。例如:Pleaserememberhisname.請記得他的名字。【拓展】(1)remembertodosth.表示“記得要做某事”,事情還沒有做。例如:
Remembertoturnoffthelightwhenyouleave.離開時(shí)記得關(guān)燈。(2)rememberdoingsth.表示“記得曾經(jīng)做過某事”,事情已經(jīng)做過了。例如:HerememberedgoingtoShanghaiwithhisparentswhenhewasfiveyearsold.他記得五歲時(shí)曾經(jīng)和父母去過上海?!镜淅治觥?.Tinaisbusy____atschool,butsheneverforgets_____hermothereveryday.A.work;tocallB.working;tocallC.working;calling2.Iforgot_________(borrow)somemoneyfromyoulastweek,I’msosorry.3.—Doyoustillremember________YaoMinginBeijing?—Yes,ofcourse,threeyearsago.A.tomeet B.meetingC.meet D.met4—Willsheforget______dinnerforus?—No,shewon’t.A.cooks B.tocookC.cooking D.cooked5—Whydoyoumentionthisagain?—Oh,dear,Iforgot______youaboutthatbefore.A.telling B.toldC.totell D.totelling要點(diǎn)20lead的用法(1)作為及物動詞,意為“領(lǐng)導(dǎo);率領(lǐng);(過)某種生活”。常用于以下表達(dá)中:=1\*GB3①leadsb.todosth.,意為“帶領(lǐng)某人去做某事”。OurcoachledustobeatClass1inthebasketballmatch.我們教練帶領(lǐng)我們在籃球賽中擊敗了一班。=2\*GB3②leadsb.against...,意為“帶領(lǐng)某人對抗……”。Heledagroupofpeopleagainsttheenemy.他率領(lǐng)一群人和敵人對抗。=3\*GB3③leadahappylife,意為“過上幸福的生活”。Theyoungcoupleledahappylifefromthenon.從那時(shí)起,這對年輕的夫婦過上了幸福的生活。(2)作為不及物動詞,意為“通向”,常用于leadtosp.,意為“通往某地”。AllroadsleadtoRome.條條大道通羅馬。(3)leadinto意為“引入;導(dǎo)入”,其中into是介詞,其后跟賓語。如:Weoftenuse“excuseme”toleadintoarequest.們經(jīng)常用“excuseme”來引入一個(gè)請求?!镜淅治觥?.我的父親引導(dǎo)我?guī)椭幵诶Ь持械娜?。Myfather_________me__________peopleintrouble.2.這條路通向旅館。Thisroad_____________thehotel.3.他的勤奮導(dǎo)致他的成功。Hishardwork_________hissuccess.4.在下一屆選舉中誰將領(lǐng)導(dǎo)這個(gè)政黨?Whowill_________thepartyinthenextelection?5.王先生領(lǐng)著我們走出了森林。Mr.Wang_______us_____outoftheforest.要點(diǎn)21makedifference意為“起作用;有影響”,其后可接介詞to,構(gòu)成短語makedifferenceto,表示對某人或某事物有影響。例:Akindsmilecanmakeabigdifference.一個(gè)善意的微笑會產(chǎn)生很大的影響。知識拓展有關(guān)make的常用短語:makethebed鋪床maketea沏茶makeamistake犯錯誤makealiving謀生makenoise制造噪音makesure務(wù)必maketrouble惹麻煩makemoney賺錢makeavisit拜訪makeatelephonecall打makeadecision做決定要點(diǎn)22cutv.砍辨析:cut
off/cut
down
/cut
in/cut
out
詞匯例句cutoff切斷,剪斷Theyhavecutoffthewater/electricity/gassupply.cutdown砍倒,減少Ifyoucutdownallthetrees,youwillruintheland.cutin插嘴Shealwayscutinwhenotherpeoplearetalking.cutout切去,切除Thecancerouscellshadtobecutout.【典例分析】1、完成句子1)我已經(jīng)決定減少吸煙。Ihavedecidedto_____mysmoking.2)他們由于欠話費(fèi)被停機(jī)。Theywere______fornotpayingtheirphonebill.3)我們談話時(shí)她老是插嘴Shekept_______onourconversation.4)人們正在砍倒太多的樹木。Peopleare__________toomanytrees.【重點(diǎn)詞組】 1.atthebottomoftheriver在河床底部2.befullofrubbish充滿了垃圾3.throwlitterintotheriver把垃圾扔入河中4.playapartincleaningitup盡一份力把它清理干凈5.cutdownairpollution減少空氣污染6.makeadifference產(chǎn)生影響7sharkfinsoup魚翅湯8.atthetopofthefoodchain處于食物鏈的頂端9.inthelast20to30years在最近的20到30年間10.developlaws建全法律11.takepartin參加12.can'taffordtodosth.負(fù)擔(dān)不起做某事13.takeaction采取行動14.addup累加15.rideincars開車出行16.throwaway扔掉17.putsth.togooduse好好利用18.pull...down拆下19.beaninspirationtosb.對某人來說是一種鼓舞20.setupawebsite建立一個(gè)網(wǎng)站21.beknownfor因……而聞名22.notonly...butalso...不僅……而且…【重點(diǎn)句式】1.Eventhebottomoftheriverwasfullofrubbish.即使河底都充滿垃圾。2.Everyoneintownshouldplayapartincleaningitup.城里的每個(gè)人都應(yīng)當(dāng)盡一份力把它清理干凈。3.Theairisbadlypollutedbecausetherearetoomanycarsontheroadthesedays.空氣被嚴(yán)重污染因?yàn)槿缃衤飞系钠囂嗔恕?.Iusedtobeabletoseestarsinthesky.我過去能在天空中看到星星。5.Theairhasbeereallypollutedaroundhere.I’mgettingveryworried.這兒的空氣真的已經(jīng)被污染了,我非常擔(dān)心。6.Noscientificstudieshaveshownthatsharkfinsaregoodforhealth.沒有科學(xué)研究說明魚鰭對人們的健康有好處。7.Tocutdownairpollution,weshouldtakethebusorsubwayinsteadofdriving.為了減少空氣污染,我們應(yīng)當(dāng)乘坐公汽或地鐵而不是開車。8.Sharksmaydisappearonedayifwedonotdosomethingtostopthesaleofsharkfins.如果我們不采取措施來阻止這種魚鰭買賣,鯊魚可能有一天會滅絕。9.Thismethodisnotonlycruel,butalsoharmfultotheenvironment.這種方法不僅殘酷,而且對環(huán)境有害。10.Thenumbersofsomekindsofsharkshavefallenbyover90percentinthelast20to30years.在最近的20年到30年的時(shí)間里,某些種類的鯊魚的數(shù)量已經(jīng)下降了90%。11.Wecan'taffordtowaitanylongertotakeaction!我們不能再等待更長的時(shí)間再來采取行動!12Haveyoueverthoughtabouthowthesethingscanactuallybeputtogooduse?你曾經(jīng)考慮過怎樣把這些東西充分利用起來嗎?13.Notonlycanartbringhappinesstoothers,butitalsoshowsthatevencold,hardironcanbebroughtbacktolifewithalittlecreativity.不僅藝術(shù)能給其他人帶來快樂,這也顯示了只需一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)創(chuàng)意,冰冷、堅(jiān)硬的鐵也能重獲生機(jī)。知識要點(diǎn)知識要點(diǎn)二:語法知識要點(diǎn)二語法現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在正在發(fā)生或進(jìn)行的動作。常見的標(biāo)志詞有now、atthemoment、look、listen等。其構(gòu)成為“am/is/are+動詞-ing形式”。1.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)用來表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的動作Whatistheboydoingontheplayground?這個(gè)男孩兒正在操場上做什么?—Heisplayingbasketball.他正在打籃球。2.表示現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動作或持續(xù)的狀態(tài),這一動作不一定在說話人說話時(shí)發(fā)生Thesedaysheiswritingabook.這些天他正在寫一本書。3.go、e、start、leave、move、arrive等動詞用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示即將發(fā)生的動作SheisleavingforQingdaotomorrow.明天她要前往青島。4.get、bee、turn、run、go、begin、forget、die、finish等動詞,它們的現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來,有逐漸、越來越快的意味Theirhouseisbeingold.他們的屋子變舊了。I'mafraidthecatisdying.恐怕這只貓要死了?,F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí):have/has+及物動詞的過去分詞過去分詞的構(gòu)成分規(guī)則變化和不規(guī)則變化兩種。規(guī)則變化的動詞的過去分詞和過去式的構(gòu)成一樣;不規(guī)則變化的動詞的過去分詞需特別記憶。表示過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果,常用非延續(xù)性動詞,如begin、give、go、meet、see等,但不能與for、since引導(dǎo)的延續(xù)性的時(shí)間狀語連用(在否定句中不受限制)Haveyouhadyourbreakfast?你吃過早飯了嗎?Yes,Ihave.I'vejusthadit.是的,我剛剛吃過。Ihavealreadyfinishedmyhomework.我已經(jīng)完成我的作業(yè)了。2.表示從過去某時(shí)開始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)。通常使用延續(xù)性動詞,如be、work、study、live等,常與表示時(shí)間長度的狀語連用,如fortwodays、since1998、allday等。Mybrotherhasbeenawayforalongtime.我哥哥離開好長時(shí)間了。Shehaskeptthebooksincelastweek.自從上周她就借了這本書了。一、用動詞的正確時(shí)態(tài)填空1.Hersister________(notdo)thehouseworkyet.2.________you________(meet)himyet?3.Sofarthey________(notget)aletterfromJohn.4.Mycousin________(read)thisbookalready.5.Thenewspaperishere.It_______(e)amomentago.I__________(notread)ityet.6._________youever___________(be)toKorea?7.—Yournewwatchissonice!When_________you_________(buy)it?—InApril.I_________(have)itfortwomonths.8.Mr.Smith_________(go)toBeijingforatrip.He_________(get)therethismorning.情態(tài)動詞【典例分析】1.Mike,youplaywithfire.Youburnyourself.A.won't;can't B.havegotto;shouldn'tC.don'thaveto;must D.mustn't;might2.—_______wecleantheclassroomatonce?—No,you_______.You_______cleanitafterschool.A.Must;needn’t;mayB.Must;mustn’t;canC.Shall;can’t;mustD.Need;mustn’t;may3.—Goodmorning.I'vegotanappointmentwithMs.Kinginheroffice.—Morning.You_______beMr.Jones.Thisway,please.A.will B.must C.can D.might4.—Whosebackpackisthis?—It_______beJim’s.Look,hisstudent’scardisinit.A.mustB.canC.mustn’tD.can’t5.—Canwerunacrosstheroadnow?—No,we________.Wehavetowaituntilthelightturnsgreen.A.needn'tB.mustn'tC.couldn'tD.shouldn't二、用適當(dāng)?shù)那閼B(tài)動詞填空1.—What__________Idoforyou?—Iwantsomebananas.2.Tom__________rideabike,buthecan’tdriveacar.3.Youareill,Tom.You__________seeadoctor.4.Children__________playbasketballinthestreet.5.Ifyouarenotcareful,acar__________hityou.6.—__________Iein?—Yes,youmay.ein,please.7.Ablindman__________seeanything.8.Nobody_________livewithoutairandwater.9.Thebook__________bereturnedbeforeSaturday.10.You_________giveupsmokingatonce.It'sbadforyourhealth.11.Thetrainwillleaveathalfpastsix,soI__________gettherefifteenminutesearlier.12.Youdon't________worryabouther.Sheismuchbetternow.被動語態(tài)小結(jié)
英語動詞有主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)之分。被動語態(tài)的主語是動作的承受者。
其用法:
(1)不知道或沒有必要指出動用的執(zhí)行者
(2)強(qiáng)調(diào)動作的承受者
(3)動作執(zhí)行者有比較長的修飾語
(4)出于禮貌,不愿說出動作的執(zhí)行者
主動語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的方法:
(1)主動結(jié)構(gòu)中的賓語變?yōu)楸粍咏Y(jié)構(gòu)的主語
(2)主動結(jié)構(gòu)的謂語動詞由主動語態(tài)變?yōu)閎e+v過去分詞
(3)主動語態(tài)變?yōu)榻樵~by的賓語,組成介詞短語,放在被動結(jié)構(gòu)中謂語動詞之后
時(shí)態(tài)
構(gòu)成
一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)
is/am/are+ved
一般過去時(shí)
was/were+ved
一般將來時(shí)
willbe+ved
過去將來時(shí)
wouldbe+ved
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)
is/am/arebeing+ved
過去進(jìn)行時(shí)
was/werebeing+ved
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)
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