Unit+1+Back+to+School+課后作業(yè)- 高一英語(yǔ)譯林版（2020）必修第一冊(cè)

英語(yǔ)·作業(yè)·（1）（2）·M1U1（一）分類識(shí)記單詞——用時(shí)少·功效高閱讀單詞知意1.thinkingn.2.facilityn.3.well－roundedadj.4.tipn.5.techniquen.6.workshopn.7.professionaladj.n.8.materialn.adj.9.postern.10.secondaryadj.11.toughadj.12.optionn.13.buttern.14.puddingn.15.calligraphyn.核心單詞練通1.n.道路；小路；成功的途徑2.n.機(jī)會(huì)，時(shí)機(jī)

3.n.目標(biāo)；進(jìn)球得分

4.vt.同等重視；（使）保持平衡；權(quán)衡重要性

n.均衡，平衡；平衡能力5.n.個(gè)人

adj.單獨(dú)的，個(gè)別的6.n.品質(zhì)，性格；特點(diǎn)；人物，角色；文字7.adv.（時(shí)間、空間）向前；提前8.adj.（學(xué)校）為11或13歲以下兒童設(shè)立的；地位（或級(jí)別）低的；青少年的

n.職位較低者；青少年運(yùn)動(dòng)員9.n.細(xì)節(jié)；具體情況

10.vt.以……為基礎(chǔ)（依據(jù)）

n.根據(jù)；基礎(chǔ)；基底；總部，大本營(yíng)11.vt.提醒，使想起

12.n.目的，目標(biāo)

vi.&vt.力爭(zhēng)做到；目的是；針對(duì)13.n.風(fēng)格；方式；樣式14.n.&vt.交換；交流；兌換15.上午，午前16.下午，午后17.n.生物學(xué)單詞拼寫(xiě)1.It’snotwhatdifficultieswemeetthatshapesourlives，butwhat（態(tài)度）wetaketofacethem.2.NotuntilthendidIrealizewordscouldbepowerfulinboth（正面的）andnegativeways.3.Asastudent，itisourdutytoworkhardand（獲得）moreknowledge.4.Inthefuture，caringfortheenvironmentwillbecomeveryimportantasearth’snatural（資源）runout.5.Mayyoucontinueinyour（努力）andacquirenewandgreatersuccess.6.Atpresenthealthandenvironmentalproblemshaveincreasinglybecomethe（焦點(diǎn)）ofattention.7.I’malsointerestedtolearnsomefolkdances，whichwillhelpme（改進(jìn)）mydancingskills.8.Thebestwaytoturn（潛力）intorealityisthroughmuchhardwork.9.Attheendoftheparty，theBrownsthankedtheir（主人）andwentawayhappily.10.Todayismyfirstdayat（中學(xué)的）highschoolandI’mwritingdownmythoughtsaboutit.1.n.&vt.挑戰(zhàn)；質(zhì)疑→adj.有挑戰(zhàn)性的2.n.進(jìn)步，進(jìn)展；前進(jìn)，行進(jìn)vt.&vi.發(fā)展，進(jìn)步→adj.高級(jí)的；先進(jìn)的3.adj.令人大為驚奇的，令人驚喜的→adj.吃驚的→n.驚訝；驚愕→vt.使吃驚4.n.信心，信任；把握→adj.自信的5.adj.相等的；平等的；相當(dāng)?shù)膎.同等的人（物）linkingv.與……相等vt.比得上→adv.同樣地；相等地；公平地→n.平等；相等6.adj.有責(zé)任，負(fù)責(zé)；可靠的→n.責(zé)任7.adj.自主的，有主見(jiàn)的；自立的→n.獨(dú)立；自主8.n.提議，建議，動(dòng)議→vt.提議，建議9.n.鬧鐘；恐慌；警報(bào)；警報(bào)器vt.使驚恐，使害怕→adj.擔(dān)心的；害怕的→adj.使人害怕的；擾亂人心的10.n.貢獻(xiàn)；捐款；捐贈(zèng)→vt.&vi.捐獻(xiàn)；貢獻(xiàn)；捐助11.adv.幸運(yùn)地，幸虧→adj.幸運(yùn)的→n.機(jī)會(huì)；運(yùn)氣；大筆的錢12.vt.吸引，使喜愛(ài)；招引；引起（反應(yīng)）→n.吸引；吸引力；吸引人的事物→adj.吸引人的；有吸引力的1.Janewavedherhandmadeflag，cryingforhelp.（fortunate），thehelicopterflewoverheadandnoticedpoorJane.2.Whatismakingenvironmentalistsisthatthenaturalresourcesarebeingabusedatanrateanditwouldleadtotheruinofthewholeplanet.（alarm）3.Thoughthetaskis（challenge），wearecertainthatwewillsucceedintime.4.Withthehelpofthetechnology，wecancompletethetaskin.（advance）5.Muchtomy，hewasabletorecitethewholepoemfrommemory.（amaze）6.Hegaveherasmileandhiswasagreatcomforttoher.（confident）7.Theyounglawyerwastothejob，buthedidn’tgetinwages，whichlethimdown.（equal）8.Shesaidthemediacompaniesmusttakemoreandbeforthesociety.（responsible）9.Thewriterpersonally￡5，000totheearthquakefundlastweekandallhisweregratefullyreceived.（contribute）10.TheGreatWallisatourist，whosesceneryis，anditalargenumberoftouristseveryday.（attract）（二）分組識(shí)練短語(yǔ)——不枯燥·求實(shí)效第一組1.存在于，在于

2.能夠處理

3.起作用，有影響

4.充分利用，盡情享受

5.利用

6.最后但同樣重要的

7.盼望，期待

8.由于

第二組1.堅(jiān)持；固守，維持

2.隨著時(shí)間流逝，久而久之

3.迫不及待地

4.參與，參加

5.最后，終于；及時(shí)

6.注意

7.對(duì)……負(fù)責(zé)

8.（整齊地）鋪開(kāi)，展開(kāi)；闡述；講解；說(shuō)明；規(guī)劃

鞏固練習(xí)1.Ifyouthechallenges，youwillhavetheopportunitytogethighlypaid.

2.Thebeautyofthecitytheuniquestyleofitsbuildings.

3.Everyonehashisspecialskillsandinterests，andonlybydiscoveringthemcanhetruly.

4.Theytriedtheirbesttothechancethattheirschoolofferedtostudyhard.

5.Wehaveonlyafewhourssowemustourtime.

6.Whenyoustartajob，youmustit.AndIbelieveyou’llsucceedintime.

7.WiththeSpringFestivalapproaching，mostChinesepeoplegohome.

8.I’msorryI’mtoobusyrecentlytorespondtoyouremail.

9.Ourteamwillavarietyofactivities，likesomenationalcompetitions，onbehalfofourschool.

10.IknowI’llhavetostudyharderasaseniorhighschoolstudentandmyfuture.

一、閱讀理解A

Weassumeexerciseimprovesourmentalhealth.Butwhatkindofexerciseworksbest?Researchersanalyzedtheeffectofdifferenttypesofexercise.Theylookedatthelinkbetweenphysicalactivitiesandmentalhealthandfoundteamsportswerethebest,followedbycycling,eitherontheroadorastationarybike.Physicalactivitiestypicallyperformedingroups,suchasteamsportsandgymclasses,providedgreaterbenefitsthanrunningorwalking.

Researchersratedmentalhealthbasedonasurvey.Itaskedrespondentshowmanydaysinthepreviousmonththeirmentalhealthwas“notgood”duetostress,depressionorproblemswithemotions.Peoplewhoplayedteamsportslikesoccerandbasketballreported22.3%fewerpoormental-healthdaysthanthosewhodidn'texercise.Thosewhoranorjoggedfared19%better,whilethosewhodidhouseholdchores11.8%better.

Theyfoundteamsportsmayhaveanextrabenefitbecauseofthesocialcomponent,andyogaortaichicanpromotemindfulness,whichisoftentoutedasbeneficialformentalhealth.

Theresearchersalsofoundthatthosewhoexercisebetween30and60minuteshadthebestmentalhealth

with45minutestheoptimalduration.Exercisingthreetofivetimesaweekcorrelatedwithfewerdarkdays.“Over90minutesofexerciseandthereisn'tanextrabenefit,”Dr.Chekroudsaid.

Thestudyanalyzedtheexercisehabitsandmentalhealthof1.2millionUSadults,basedonself-reportedanswerstosurveyquestionsfromtheCentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention.Itwasn'tarandomizedcontrolledstudyandjustanassociationbetweenexerciseandbettermentalhealth.Itcan'texplainifpoormentalhealthcausespeopletoexerciselessorexercisecausespeopletohavebettermentalhealth.（1）Whichexercisewillbesthelptocheerupthedepressed?A.Runningandjoggingoutdoors.B.Playingsoccerandbasketball.C.Doingsomehouseholdchores.D.Cyclingorridingastationarybike.（2）Whatdotheresearcherssayaboutteamsports?A.Theyboostself-esteem.B.Theyofferinnerpeace.C.Theyinvolveinteraction.D.Theyhelpachievegoals.（3）WhatDr.Chekroudsaidmeansthat_______.A.moreexerciseisn'talwaysbetterB.exercisehabitsdecidementalhealthC.exerciseleadstobettermentalhealthD.mentalhealthcausespeopletoexercise（4）Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.Whatsportsworkbestformentalhealth?B.Moreexercise,bettermentalhealth!C.Lessexercise,poormentalhealth!D.Whatisthegoodeffectofexercise?B

You'llneedtotakeadeepbreathbeforehearingthisnews.Anastonishing93%ofkidsaroundtheworldliveinenvironmentswithairpollutionlevelsthataredamagingtheirhealth,accordingtoanewreportbyWHO.

Airpollutionistoblameforthedeathsof543,000kidsunder5in2016,withmorethanoneinfourdeathsofchildrenunderfiveyearsoldbeingrelatedtoenvironmentalissues.Exposure(暴露)toairpollutioncandamagethehealthofkidsinavarietyofways,eithercausingorbeingassociatedwitheverythingfromlowbirthweighttochildhoodobesityandsoon.

"Thelargetollofdiseaseanddeathrevealed(揭示)bythesenewdatashouldresultinanurgentcalltoactionfortheglobalcommunityespeciallyforthoseinthehealthdepartmentWHOstated."Strongactiontoreduceexposuretoairpollutionoffersanopportunitytoprotectthehealthofchildren."Thereportstressedthathealthexpertsshouldcommunicatewithfamilies,communitiesandpolicy-makersabouttheseriousrisksofairpollutionexposure."Althoughmoreresearchesintohowairpollutionaffectschildren'shealthwillcontinuetobevaluable,thereisalreadyevidencetojustifystrong,swiftactiontopreventthedamageitclearlyproduces,"WHOadded.

Diseasecausedbydirtyairismorecommoninlow-and-middleincomecountries,especiallythoseinAfrica,South-EastAsia,andWesternPacificregions.Poorcountriesintheseareashavethehighestlevelsofexposuretohouseholdairpollutionduetotheuseofpollutingfuelsandtechnologiesforbasicneedslikecooking,heatingandlighting.

Advisedsolutionsincludecleanertransport,cleanercookingandheatingfuelsandtechnologiesenergy-efficienthousingandurbanplanning,saferindustrialtechnologiesandbetterwastemanagement.（1）Whatisthesecondparagraphmainlyabout?A.Thewaytofightairpollution.B.Theseriousresultofairpollution.C.Theillnesseschildrenaresuffering.D.Thedeathscausedbyairpollution.（2）Whatdoestheunderlinedword"toll"inParagraph3mean?A.Number.B.Threat.C.Fact.D.Report.（3）Whatarehealthexpertsaskedtodo?A.Domoreresearches.B.Findwaystofightairpollution.C.Maketheseriousrisksknown.D.Developcleanerfuelsandtechnologies.（4）Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?A.Researchesofthiskindhavestopped.B.Airpollutioncaused543,000kids'deathin2016.C.Nothingcanbedonetostopairpollutionalpresent.D.Airpollutionismoreseriousinlow-and-middle-incomecountries.C

Theeffectsofcoffeeconsumptiononhealthhavelongbeenasubjectofconflictanduncertainty.Sincethe1980s,somehavespokenoutagainstcoffeeasharmfultohealth,whileothershavewelcomedcoffeeforitssupposedbenefitstohealth.

Accordingtoascientificreport,mildcoffeeconsumption,threetofivecupsperday,canbetakenasahealthydietarypattern,alongwithotherhealthfulbehaviors.ThereportalsosaysthatcoffeeconsumptionhelpsreducetheriskofheartdiseaseanditprotectsagainstParkinson'sdisease.

AccordingtoDr.DonaldHensrudofMayoClinic,highconsumptionofcoffeehashealthrisks.Dr.Hensrudmentionsthedangersofhighcoffeeconsumptionforpeoplewithacertainillnessthatslowsthebreakdownofcaffeineinthebody.Somestudiessaidthatdrinkingtwoormorecupsofcoffeedailycanactuallyincreasetheriskofheartdiseaseinthesepeople.

AccordingtoconclusionsfromarecentstudyledbyDr.GregoryMarcus,adoctorfromtheUniversityofCaliforniaSanFrancisco,dailymoderateconsumptionofcaffeine,lessthan4cups,isnotassociatedwiththeseissues.

Untilthescientificcommunityreachesageneralagreementontheeffectsofcoffeeconsumptiononhumanhealth,itwillbeuptotheindividualtodecidewhetherthebenefitsofdrinkingcoffeearegreaterthantherisks.

Wheninformedofthesepossiblehealthbenefitsandharmsofdrinkingcoffee,Harwood,ahighschoolstudentstated,"Eventhoughtheremightbesomenegativeeffectsofdrinkingcoffee,forthemostpart,coffeedrinkingsoundsgoodforhealth.NottomentionIneedcoffeetostayawake."（1）Whatisthepeople'sattitudetowardstheeffectsofcoffeeonhealthaccordingtoParagraph1?A.Disapproving.B.Tolerant.C.Doubtful.D.Mixed.（2）Whatdoestheunderlinedword"moderate"inParagraph4probablymean?A.Personal.B.Slight.C.Reasonable.D.Heavy.（3）WhatcanweinferaboutHarwood?A.He'llkeepondrinkingcoffee.B.Heloveshishighschoollife.C.Heoftenfallsasleepinclass.D.Hehassomehealthproblems.（4）Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A.WhyPeopleLoveCoffee?B.HowCoffeeAffectsHealth?C.TheCultureofCoffeeDrinking.D.TheNewFindingsofHeartDisease.二、完形填空閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。Scientistsfindthathardworkingpeoplelivelongerthanaveragemenandwomen.Careerwomenare1thanhousewives.Evidenceshowsthatthe2areinpoorerhealththanthejob-holders.Astudyshows3theunemploymentrateincreasesby1%,thedeathrate4correspondingly(相應(yīng)地)by2%.Allthiscomesdowntoonepoint:workis5tohealth.Whyisworkgoodforhealth?Itis6workkeepspeoplebusy,awayfromlonelinessandsolitude(孤獨(dú)).Researchesshowthatpeoplefeel7,worriedandlonelywhentheyhavenothingtodo.Instead,thehappiestarethosewhoare8.Manyhighachieverswholovetheircareersfeelthattheyarehappiestwhenworkinghard.Workservesasa9betweenmanandreality.Bywork,people10eachother.Bycollective(集體的)activity,theyfindfriendshipandwarmth.Thisishelpfultohealth.Thelossofwork11thelossofeverything.Itaffects(影響)manspirituallyandmakeshimliableto(易于)12.13,workgivesoneasenseofachievement(成就感).Workmakesonefeelhis14andstatusinsociety.Whena15finisheshiswritingoradoctorsuccessfully16apatientorateacherseeshisstudents17,allofthemwillbehappybeyond18.Fromtheabovewecan19theconclusion(結(jié)論)thatthemoreyou20,thehappierandhealthieryouwillbe.Letusworkhard,studywellandliveahappyandhealthylife.1.A.clevererB.healthierC.weakerD.worse2.A.beautifulB.injuredC.joblessD.sick3.A.wheneverB.whetherC.thoughD.since4.A.staysB.changesC.fallsD.increases5.A.helpfulB.equalC.harmfulD.familiar6.A.whereB.thatC.whyD.because7.A.luckyB.seriousC.cheerfulD.sad8.A.busyB.freeC.lazyD.empty9.A.riverB.gapC.channelD.bridge10.A.comeupwithB.havecontactwithC.lookdownuponD.lookupto11.A.meansB.explainsC.becomesD.matches12.A.peac