高考英語(yǔ)一輪話(huà)題復(fù)習(xí)人教全國(guó)版語(yǔ)法專(zhuān)題第一部分專(zhuān)題2

專(zhuān)題2非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞考向1作賓語(yǔ)或補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)Ⅰ.單句語(yǔ)法填空1.Fatandsaltareveryimportantpartsofadiet.Theyarerequiredtoprocess(process)thefoodthatweeat，torecoverfrominjuryandforseveralotherbodilyfunctions.(2017·全國(guó)Ⅰ)解析requiresth./sb.todosth.需要某物/某人做某事，此處用其被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)，所以填動(dòng)詞不定式toprocess作主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。2.Fastfoodisfulloffatandsalt；byeating(eat)morefastfoodpeoplewillgetmoresaltandfatthantheyneedintheirdiet.(2017·全國(guó)Ⅰ)解析表示方式的介詞by之后接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)。3.Thisincludeddigginguptheroad，laying(lay)thetrackandthenbuildingastrongroofoverthetop.(2017·全國(guó)Ⅱ)解析included后的dig，lay，build是三個(gè)并列的動(dòng)作，根據(jù)digging及building可知，lay也應(yīng)用動(dòng)名詞形式作included的賓語(yǔ)。4.ButSarah，whohastakenpartinshowsalongwithtopmodels，wantstoprove(prove)thatshehasbrainsaswellasbeauty.(2017·全國(guó)Ⅲ)解析wanttodosth.想要做某事，動(dòng)詞不定式作want的賓語(yǔ)。5.Inadditiontotheirsimplebeauty，whatmakestheadobedwellingsadmirableistheirabilityto“aircondition”ahousewithoutusing(use)electricequipment.(2015·全國(guó)Ⅱ)解析介詞without之后的動(dòng)詞要用動(dòng)名詞形式。Ⅱ.單句改錯(cuò)(每小題僅有1處錯(cuò)誤)1.Whensummeres，theywillinvitetheirstudentseq\o(\s\up7(∧),\s\do5(to))pickthefreshvegetables！(2017·全國(guó)Ⅱ)解析invitesb.todosth.邀請(qǐng)某人做某事。2.IshowedthemIwasindependentbyeq\f(wear,wearing)strangeclothes.(2016·全國(guó)Ⅲ)解析此處用動(dòng)名詞作介詞by的賓語(yǔ)。3.Hewouldaskwhowewereandpretendnottoeq\f(knowing,know)us.(2016·浙江)解析pretend后面接不定式作賓語(yǔ)，這里是其否定式pretendnottodo，故把knowing改為know。4.Wecanchoosebetweenstayingathomeandeq\f(take,taking)atrip.(2016·全國(guó)Ⅱ)解析此處為between...and...結(jié)構(gòu)，連接動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)作賓語(yǔ)，故此處也要用動(dòng)名詞形式，與前面保持一致。5.Thepositionoftheclassroomwithitsviewmademeeq\f(felt,feel)likeIwasdreaming.(2015·浙江)解析make后跟復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)，當(dāng)賓補(bǔ)為動(dòng)詞且與賓語(yǔ)之間為邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系時(shí)，用動(dòng)詞原形。考向2作主語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)Ⅰ.單句語(yǔ)法填空Ittookyearsofworktoreduce(reduce)theindustrialpollutionandcleanthewater.(2014·新課標(biāo)全國(guó)Ⅰ)Ⅱ.單句改錯(cuò)(每小題僅有1處錯(cuò)誤)1.Intheirsparetime，theyareeq\f(interesting,interested)inplantingvegetablesintheirgarden，whichisontherooftopoftheirhouse.(2017·全國(guó)Ⅱ)解析interesting意為“有趣的”，多指事物；interested意為“感興趣的”，多指人。該句的主語(yǔ)是they，故用interested作表語(yǔ)。beinterestedin意為“對(duì)……感興趣”。2.eq\f(Have,Having)teainthelateafternoonprovidesabridgebetweenlunchanddinner，whichmightnotbeserveduntil8o’clockatnight.(2013·新課標(biāo)全國(guó)Ⅱ)解析分析句式結(jié)構(gòu)可知句子的主語(yǔ)應(yīng)為Haveteainthelateafternoon這部分，動(dòng)詞原形不能作句子的主語(yǔ)，所以應(yīng)該用動(dòng)名詞形式作主語(yǔ)?？枷?作定語(yǔ)單句語(yǔ)法填空1.ButmyconnectionwithpandasgoesbacktomydaysonaTVshowinthemid1980s，whenIwasthefirstWesternTVreporterpermitted(permit)tofilmaspecialunitcaringforpandasrescuedfromstarvationinthewild.(2016·全國(guó)Ⅰ)解析因?yàn)榫渲幸延兄^語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞was，故此處要用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式。因permit與reporter之間為邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，所以用過(guò)去分詞形式作后置定語(yǔ)。2.For25days，sheneverleftherbaby，noteventofindsomethingtoeat(eat)！(2016·四川)解析不定式toeat作定語(yǔ)，修飾前面的不定代詞something。句意為：25天中，她寸步不離她的孩子，甚至不去找東西吃！3.Abercrombie&Kent，atravelpanyinHongKong，saysitregularlyarrangesquickgetawayshereforpeopleliving(live)inShanghaiandHongKong.(2015·全國(guó)Ⅰ)解析句中已有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞arranges，故應(yīng)考慮此處填非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。由于live與其所修飾的名詞people之間為邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，故用表示主動(dòng)意義的現(xiàn)在分詞形式作定語(yǔ)。4.Astudyoftravelersconducted(conduct)bythewebsiteTripAdvisornamesYangshuoasoneofthetop10destinationsintheworld.(2015·全國(guó)Ⅰ)解析句意為：TripAdvisor網(wǎng)站進(jìn)行的一項(xiàng)對(duì)于旅行者的調(diào)查把陽(yáng)朔列為世界十佳旅游目的地之一。根據(jù)句意和句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，study與conduct構(gòu)成邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故此處應(yīng)該使用過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)，修飾名詞study。考向4作狀語(yǔ)Ⅰ.單句語(yǔ)法填空1.Sixteenyearsearlier，Pahlssonhadremovedthediamondringtocook(cook)ameal.(2017·浙江)解析Pahlsson當(dāng)時(shí)摘掉鉆戒的目的是為了做飯，故用動(dòng)詞不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)。2.Skilledworkersalsobinevarioushardwoodsandmetaltocreate(create)specialdesigns.(2016·全國(guó)Ⅲ)解析句中已有謂語(yǔ)bine，故此處應(yīng)考慮填非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，binevarioushardwoodsandmetal的目的是tocreatespecialdesigns，故填動(dòng)詞不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)。3.TheChinesehaveusedchopsticksforfivethousandyears.Peopleprobablycookedtheirfoodinlargepots，using(use)twigs(樹(shù)枝)toremoveit.(2016·全國(guó)Ⅲ)解析第二句中已有謂語(yǔ)cooked，且無(wú)其他連詞，use與主句主語(yǔ)存在主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故填現(xiàn)在分詞形式作方式狀語(yǔ)。Ⅱ.單句改錯(cuò)(僅有1處錯(cuò)誤)Imighthavetoretireagainnextyearjusteq\o(\s\up7(∧),\s\do5(to))getsomemoreofthesebiscuits.(2015·陜西)解析句意為：我也許明年得再退休一次，只是為了能得到更多的餅干。故此處用動(dòng)詞不定式表示目的?？枷?固定搭配Ⅰ.單句語(yǔ)法填空1.Butunlikeherschoolfriends,16yearoldSarahisnotspendinghalftermresting(rest).(2017·全國(guó)Ⅲ)解析spendtime(in)doingsth.為固定搭配。2.Ifyoufindsomethingyoulovedoingoutsideoftheoffice，you’llbelesslikelytobring(bring)yourworkhome.(2016·全國(guó)Ⅱ)解析固定表達(dá)belikelytodo...很可能做某事。3.Whenanewdaybreaks，thewallshavegivenuptheirheatandarenowcoldenoughtocool(cool)thehouseduringthehotday；atthesametime，theywarmupagainforthenight.(2015·全國(guó)Ⅱ)解析“形容詞＋enough＋動(dòng)詞不定式”為常用句式。Ⅱ.單句改錯(cuò)(每小題僅有1處錯(cuò)誤)1.Theinstructorkeptrepeatingthewords，“Speedup！”“Slowdown！”“eq\f(Turning,Turn)left！”(2017·全國(guó)I)解析根據(jù)前面教練發(fā)出的兩個(gè)指令可知，這三個(gè)屬于并列結(jié)構(gòu)，都是祈使句，都以動(dòng)詞原形開(kāi)頭。2.We’vebeenspendingalotoftimeeq\f(sing,singing)inkaraokebars.(2015·四川)解析spendtime(in)doingsth.花費(fèi)時(shí)間做某事，為固定搭配?！舴侵^語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式及句法功能時(shí)態(tài)主動(dòng)被動(dòng)不定式一般式todotobedone√√√√√√進(jìn)行式tobedoing×完成式tohavedonetohavebeendone動(dòng)名詞一般式doingbeingdone√√×√√×完成式havingdonehavingbeendone分詞現(xiàn)在一般式doingbeingdone××××√√√√√√√√完成式havingdonehavingbeendone過(guò)去一般式××√√√√◆非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的核心考點(diǎn)1.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)(1)不定式作狀語(yǔ)①表示目的IstoppedthecartotakeashortbreakasIwasfeelingtired.②不定式作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)表示出乎意料的結(jié)果，動(dòng)詞不定式前常加only。Georgereturnedafterthewar，onlytobetoldthathiswifehadlefthim.(2)現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)①一般式doing表示動(dòng)作和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作同時(shí)或幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生，與句子的主語(yǔ)是主動(dòng)關(guān)系。Thesunbegantoriseinthesky，bathingthemountainingoldenlight.(主動(dòng)關(guān)系)②完成式havingdone表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前。Igottotheofficeearlierthatday，havingcaughtthe7：30trainfromPaddington.③被動(dòng)式havingbeendone表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前，與句子的主語(yǔ)是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。Havingbeenheldbackbythetrafficjam,shecouldn’tgetthereontime.(3)過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，與句子主語(yǔ)之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。Seenfromthetopofthemountain，thecityisverybeautiful.(被動(dòng)關(guān)系)2.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作定語(yǔ)(1)現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在分詞(短語(yǔ))作定語(yǔ)與所修飾的名詞之間存在著邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，表示該動(dòng)作的主動(dòng)和進(jìn)行。(2)不定式作定語(yǔ)不定式作定語(yǔ)表示未做的事情。Hisfirstbooktobepublishednextmonthisbasedonatruestory.不定式作定語(yǔ)的特殊用法：①下列詞語(yǔ)后常接不定式作定語(yǔ)：chance，right，courage，promise，time，opportunity，way，thefirst，thesecond，thelast，theonly等。②不定式作定語(yǔ)和所修飾的名詞在邏輯上有主謂關(guān)系。Thereisnoonetolookafterher.③不定式與被修飾的名詞在邏輯上有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。Sheisnowlookingforaroomtolivein.(3)過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)過(guò)去分詞(短語(yǔ))作定語(yǔ)與它所修飾的名詞在邏輯上有被動(dòng)關(guān)系，表示該動(dòng)作的被動(dòng)或完成。Youcannotacceptanopinionofferedtoyouunlessitisbasedonfacts.Hisfirstbookpublishedlastmonthisbasedonatruestory.注意：表示心理狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞ing形式，意為“令人……的”；動(dòng)詞ed形式，意為“(人)感到……的”，也可修飾體現(xiàn)內(nèi)心感受的look，expression，tears，smile，voice等名詞。3.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作賓語(yǔ)(1)動(dòng)詞afford，promise，refuse，expect，hope，learn，offer，wish，want，fail，plan，agree，forget，like，prefer，decide，manage，try，arrange，determine，desire等后面接不定式作賓語(yǔ)；動(dòng)詞e，get，grow后接不定式作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，意為“逐漸地……”。Davidrefusedtoacceptmyinvitation.Shehasahottemper，butyouwillgrowtolikeher.注意：下列單詞或短語(yǔ)后可接“疑問(wèn)詞＋不定式”作賓語(yǔ)：teach，decide，wonder，show，learn，forget，ask，findout，advise，discuss等。Idon’tknowhowtodealwiththiskindofmatter.(2)①動(dòng)詞admit，appreciate，avoid，consider(考慮)，delay，dislike，enjoy，escape，excuse，finish，imagine，keep，mind，miss，practise，risk，resist，suggest等后要接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)。BillsuggestedholdingameetingonwhattodofortheExpoduringthevacation.②動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)can’tstand，giveup，feellike，keepon，insiston，lookforwardto，putoff，devote...to，objectto，bebusy(in)，getdownto，havedifficulty/trouble(in)，haveagood/wonderful/hardtime(in)，havefun等后要接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)。Ihadgreatdifficulty(in)findingthesuitablefoodonthemenuinthatrestaurant.Onhisarrival/Onarrivingatthestation，hefoundthetrainhadjuststarted.注意：Ilikelisteningtomusic，buttodayIdon’tliketo.②want，require，need表“需要”講，后用不定式時(shí)，要用其被動(dòng)形式；用動(dòng)名詞時(shí)，用其主動(dòng)形式(表被動(dòng)意義)。Thepatientrequiredtobeexamined.Thepatientrequiredexamining.4.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作主語(yǔ)(1)動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)Hearinghowothersreacttothebookyouhavejustreadcreatesanaddedpleasure.Itisnousecryingoverspiltmilk.(動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)，it作形式主語(yǔ))(2)不定式作主語(yǔ)Toseeistobelieve.＝Seeingisbelieving.Itisimportanttorespectpeople.(不定式短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)，it作形式主語(yǔ))5.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作賓補(bǔ)(1)分詞作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)的區(qū)別①現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)的兩大特征：一是賓語(yǔ)與現(xiàn)在分詞有主謂關(guān)系；二是現(xiàn)在分詞所表示的動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行?？山蝇F(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞(短語(yǔ))常見(jiàn)的有：have，see，hear，find，get，leave，notice，watch，keep，start，set，catch，smell，feel，send，listento，lookat等。Ilookedupandnoticedasnakewindingitswayupthetreetocatchitsbreakfast.Iwon’thaveyouspeakingtoyourdadlikethat.IheardanEnglishsongbeingsungbyalittlegirlwhenIpassedbyherroomyesterday.(被動(dòng)，正在進(jìn)行)②過(guò)去分詞作賓補(bǔ)的兩大特征：一是及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞作賓補(bǔ)與賓語(yǔ)有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系；二是不及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞作賓補(bǔ)與賓語(yǔ)有主謂關(guān)系，多用來(lái)表示動(dòng)作已完成?？山舆^(guò)去分詞作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：have，see，hear，find，leave，want，make等。Clairehadherluggagecheckedanhourbeforeherplaneleft.Iwassurprisedtofindmyhometownchangedsomuch.(2)不定式作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)①接帶to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)，此類(lèi)動(dòng)詞(短語(yǔ))有：advise，allow，ask，cause，mand，encourage，expect，forbid，force，get，invite，leave，like，mean，order，permit，persuade，prefer，request，tell，want，warn，wish，callon，dependon/upon，longfor，waitfor等。Ididn’tmeanyoutohearit.We’realllongingforthenewtermtobegin.②接不帶to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞(短語(yǔ))有：make，have，let等使役動(dòng)詞以及see，watch，notice，observe，lookat，feel，hear，listento等感官動(dòng)詞。如果這些動(dòng)詞或短語(yǔ)用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，則to不可省略。動(dòng)詞help后的不定式符號(hào)to可以省略，也可以保留。Letthoseinneedunderstandthatwewillgoallouttohelpthem.Shewasseentoenterthemanager’sofficetenminutesago.(3)with＋賓語(yǔ)＋賓補(bǔ)Themanfeltveryhappywithsomanychildrensittingaroundhim.Johnreceivedaninvitationtodinner，andwithhisworkfinished，hegladlyacceptedit.Withalotofdifficultproblemstosettle，thenewlyelectedpresidentishavingahardtime.6.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作表語(yǔ)(1)動(dòng)名詞作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的內(nèi)容。Thequeen’sworkislayingeggs.(2)不定式作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)尚未發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，或表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作。HisambitionistogotoHarvardUniversity.注意：現(xiàn)在分詞或過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，通常為分詞化的形容詞。Ⅰ.單句語(yǔ)法填空1.Hesuddenlyappearedinclassoneday，wearing(wear)sunglasses.2.Shewishedthathewasaseasytoplease(please)ashermother，whowasalwaysdelightedwithperfume.3.Built(build)in1192，thebridgeisover800yearsold.4.Collecting(collect)stampsseemstobehismainhobby.5.Ididn’ttalkmuchtothemansitting(sit)nexttome.6.Weatherpermitting(permit)，we’llhaveanoutingtomorrow.Ⅱ.單句改錯(cuò)(每小題僅有1處錯(cuò)誤)1.Ialsosharedwithmyfriendsmanyphotoseq\f(taking,taken)inBeijing.2.Well，Ihadbettertostopnow.3.Ilookforwardtoeq\f(see,seeing)heragaininthenearfuture.4.eq\f(Felt,Feeling)hungry，webuiltafirebythelakeandbarbecuedafish.5.Weshouldfindwaystoreusethewatereq\f(using,used)inwashing.Ⅲ.語(yǔ)法填空(非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞專(zhuān)練)Thereisawonderfulstoryaboutayounggirlwhohadnofamilyandnoone1.tolove(love)her.Oneday,2.feeling(feel)verysadandlonely，shewaswalkingthroughagrasslandwhenshenoticedasmallbutterfly3.caught(catch)inathornybush.Theyounggirlcarefullyreleasedthebutterfly.Insteadof4.flying(fly)away，thelittlebutterflychangedintoabeautifulfairy.“Inreturnforyourwonderfulkindness，”thegoodfairysaidtothegirl，“Iwillgiveyouanywishthatyouwouldlike5.toget(get).”Thelittlegirlthoughtforamomentandthenreplied，“Iwanttobehappy.”6.Leaning(lean)towardher，thefairywhisperedinherearandthendisappeared.Withthelittlegirl7.growing(grow)up，therewasnooneinthelandhappierthanshewas.Everyonewantedtomakethemselves8.told(tell)thesecretofhappinessbyher.Shewouldonlysmileandanswer，“ThesecretofmyhappinessisthatIlistenedtoagoodfairywhenIwasalittlegirl.”Whenshewasdying，theneighborsallgatheredaroundher,9.fearing(fear)thatherunbelievablesecretofhappinesswoulddiewithher.Sotheybeggedher10.totell(tell)themwhatthego