新高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)練習(xí)考向17 長(zhǎng)難句與復(fù)雜句子分析(原卷版)

考向17長(zhǎng)難句與復(fù)雜句子分析一、長(zhǎng)難句的常見(jiàn)形式1．復(fù)合句這些句子往往較長(zhǎng)，一個(gè)從句套著另一個(gè)從句。其實(shí)，不管句子有多長(zhǎng)、多復(fù)雜，它只由兩部分構(gòu)成，即主干和修飾成分。主干主要指主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)(如：Iwantaticket.)或主系表結(jié)構(gòu)(如：Themanisateacher.)。而修飾成分在句中只起修飾或補(bǔ)充主干的作用，它既可以是單詞，也可以是短語(yǔ)，更常見(jiàn)的則是從句，尤其是定語(yǔ)從句和狀語(yǔ)從句。應(yīng)通過(guò)仔細(xì)分析，將每個(gè)修飾成分劃出來(lái)，找出句子的主干，這樣整個(gè)句子結(jié)構(gòu)就清晰了。Iurgeyoutocontactyourstatelegislatorstomovethislegislationforwardsothatthisweekendwillbeoneofthelasttimeswhenwehaveto“fallback”．分析：此句的主語(yǔ)為I，謂語(yǔ)是urge,sothat引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句。在結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句中when引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。2．分隔結(jié)構(gòu)高考試題中出現(xiàn)較多的分隔結(jié)構(gòu)是插入語(yǔ)、用破折號(hào)插入的新話題或補(bǔ)充信息。此外，還有一些句子成分(一般是定語(yǔ))過(guò)長(zhǎng)而出現(xiàn)后置，也可以看作是插入現(xiàn)象。“Theresultsareprettyexciting—stronglevelsofreductions—butthereclearlyaregoingtobethingstobelearnedfromtheareaswherethereductionsarenotasgreat.”saidPennStateUniversityprofessorElizabethMcGraw.提醒：分析長(zhǎng)難句時(shí)務(wù)必注意這些非限制性修飾成分，它們打斷了原來(lái)的行文邏輯，插入補(bǔ)充了一些額外的信息。3．成分省略或倒裝在英語(yǔ)句子中，用詞簡(jiǎn)潔是一條重要的修辭原則。省略主要是為了避免重復(fù)，突出關(guān)鍵詞并使上下文緊密連接。有時(shí)為了強(qiáng)調(diào)句子表達(dá)的重心，對(duì)句子進(jìn)行倒裝。Bytheendofthecentury,ifnotsooner,theworld'soceanswillbebluerandgreenerthankstoawarmingclimate,accordingtoanewstudy.分析：此句正常語(yǔ)序?yàn)椋築ytheendofthecentury,ifitisnotsooner,theworld'soceanswillbebluerandgreenerthankstoawarmingclimate,accordingtoanewstudy.二、長(zhǎng)難句突破策略通過(guò)語(yǔ)法分析，迅速弄清句子的結(jié)構(gòu)，把握句子的基本框架的基本步驟是：首先，判斷該句是簡(jiǎn)單句、并列句還是復(fù)合句；然后，找出句子的核心成分，分清主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)，再分清句子的附屬成分。方法一：較復(fù)雜單句的處理方法——找主謂語(yǔ)，即找主干成分較復(fù)雜單句在高考試卷中經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)，所以應(yīng)引起同學(xué)們的足夠重視。(2020·浙江1月高考閱讀C)Akeyskillsetforsuccessispersistence(毅力),acharacteristicthatresearcherssayisheavilyinfluencedbyfathers.分析：主語(yǔ)是Akeyskill，謂語(yǔ)是is，表語(yǔ)是persistence,acharacteristic是同位語(yǔ)，解釋說(shuō)明persistence。that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句，解釋名詞characteristic。方法二：并列復(fù)合句的處理方法——找并列連詞Therewasabitofmethatdidn'twanttolovethiswheneveryoneelseontheplanetdid,butthehorrorstoryisbrilliant.分析：句中的but是并列連詞，連接兩個(gè)并列單句。方法三：主從復(fù)合句的處理方法——找從屬連詞(2020·浙江1月高考閱讀C)Akeyfindingisthatovertime,childrenraisedbyanauthoritativefatherweresignificantlymorelikelytodeveloppersistence,whichleadstobetteroutcomesinschool.分析：該句主語(yǔ)是Akeyfinding,that引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句，從句中含有which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，修飾名詞persistence。方法四：并列和主從復(fù)合句并存的處理方法——先讀懂并列復(fù)合句，再看主從復(fù)合句(2019·北京高考閱讀)“It'llbeawhilebeforewecanstatisticallyshowthatthechangesarehappeningbecauseofclimatechange，”Dutkiewiczsaid,“butthechangeinthecoloroftheoceanwillbeoneoftheearlywarningsignalsthatwereallyhavechangedourplanet.”分析：but引導(dǎo)兩個(gè)并列的主從復(fù)合句，but前的主從復(fù)合句中是before引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，該從句中show后是that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句；but后的主從復(fù)合句中，主語(yǔ)是thechange，謂語(yǔ)是willbe,that引導(dǎo)的同位語(yǔ)從句，解釋說(shuō)明名詞signals的內(nèi)容?！緳z測(cè)訓(xùn)練】一、單項(xiàng)選擇1.Theoldmanwaspuzzledbythefactthat________medicinehetook,________heseemedtobe.A.theless,thebetter B.themost,theworstC.little,well D.themore,andtheworst2.Toenjoythescenery,Iwouldrather________morehoursonthetrainthantravelbyair.A.spend B.tospend C.spending D.spent3.________isnodoubtthattheRioOlympicswereagreatsuccess.A.There B.It C.When D.If4.Astheywereeducatedbythesameteacher,________wasnowonderthattheyshoulddotheworkinasimilarway.A.this B.that C.there D.it5.Workharder,Jim.__________youpractice,__________youcanunderstand.A.Themost;thebest B.Themore;thebetterC.Theless;thebetter D.Theleast;theworst6.---Howwasyourweekend,Bella?---Awful!ItwasthefirsttimeI________aloneathome,boredtodeath.A.hasleft B.hadleft C.hasbeenleft D.hadbeenleft7.Itwasthefirsttimethatshe______suchaheavyrain.A.hadwitnessed B.haswitnessed C.shouldwitness D.witnessed8.Thisiswhymanyyoungpeoplesufferanidentitytrouble___itcomestobeauty.A.when B.how C.that D.where9.—Theweatherforecastsaysit’sgoingtoraintomorrow.—Well,Iprefer___________ratherthan___________onarainyday.A.goingout;stayingathomeB.tostayathome;gooutC.goingout;stayathomeD.stayingathome;togoout10.Youlookrathertired.____________stoptohavearest?A.Howabout B.Whatabout C.Whynot D.Whydon’t11.Wewereheatedlyarguingaboutthefinancialmatter_______thetelephonerangunexpectedly.A.while B.as C.assoonas D.when12.--Iwillneverforgettheday______Icametothenewcampusforthefirsttime.---______.Onsettingfootonthecampus,Iwasimpressed______thebeautyofit.A.which;SowillI;by B.that;NeitherIwill;withC.when;NeitherwillI;by D.when;NeitherwillI;on13.Electricityplays__________partinourlifethatitisunimaginabletolivewithoutit.A.suchimportant B.soimportant C.suchimportanta D.soimportanta14.Thatwasnotthefirsttimehe______us.Ithinkit’shightimewe______strongactionsagainsthim.A.hadbetrayed;take B.hadbetrayed;tookC.hasbetrayed;took D.hasbetrayed;take15.___________isrequiredthatundernocircumstances_______hebetrayhismotherlandeveniftherearetemptationslikemoneyorbeauty.A.What;can B.It;could C.It;should D.What;could二、完成句子16.努力減少生產(chǎn)產(chǎn)量并降低我們制作和購(gòu)買的東西的數(shù)量是我們的義務(wù)。(cutbackon)________productionandreducethenumberofthings________.17.我們的地球已經(jīng)遭到嚴(yán)重污染了，因此是時(shí)候采取措施來(lái)改變這種糟糕的狀況了。Sinceourearthhasbeenpollutedterribly,______________________________thatwetookactiontochangethebadcondition.18.——你對(duì)考試成績(jī)滿意嗎？——非常滿意。這是我最好的成績(jī)了?！狝reyoucontentwiththeresultoftheexam?—Notalittle.I________one.（“否定詞+比較級(jí)”表示最高級(jí)含義）19.如果方便的話，請(qǐng)幫我在面包房買點(diǎn)面包。_________________,pleasehelptobuysomebreadformeinthebakery.20.鮑勃經(jīng)常在健身房運(yùn)動(dòng)。難怪他身材那么好。Boboftenworksoutinthegym.____________________.21.如果你不懂中國(guó)的餐桌禮儀你有可能使你的朋友感到尷尬。（likely)_________youmakeyourfriendsfeelembarrassedifyoudon'tknowChina'stablemanners.22.It________________methatIhadleftmyumbrellaupstairs.我突然想起我把傘忘在樓上了。23.我正要給他打電話，這時(shí)他突然來(lái)訪。I________________________ringhimup________hedroppedin.24.如果你能就如何學(xué)好英語(yǔ)給我提供一些建議我將不勝感激。I____________________________________youcouldgivemesomeadviceonhowtolearnEnglishwell.25.WheninRome，doastheRomansdo.Soyou’dbettertryto_________________________.入鄉(xiāng)隨俗，因此你得適應(yīng)那樣去做。26._________________________________________toprotecttheenvironment.該是我們采取措施保護(hù)環(huán)境的時(shí)候了。27.我正要準(zhǔn)備放棄搜索時(shí)突然注意到灌木叢中有什么東西。Iwas________________________________givingupthesearchwhensomethingcaughtmyeyeinthebushes。28._________________LincolnisoneofthegreatestpresidentsinAmerica.林肯被公認(rèn)為美國(guó)最偉大的總統(tǒng)之一。29._____________shelearns._____________________shewantstolearn.她越學(xué)越想學(xué)。30.她立刻想到這些是暴風(fēng)雨到來(lái)的信號(hào)。________________herthatthereweresignsofanapproachingstorm.31.他寧愿在家里看電視，也不愿去音樂(lè)會(huì)。HepreferredtostayathomewatchingTV_________________________.32.他是否想和我一起去看電影都沒(méi)關(guān)系。Itdoesn’tmatter_________________________________________.33.我正要離開(kāi)學(xué)校圖書(shū)館，突然發(fā)現(xiàn)我的筆記本不見(jiàn)了。I________________________________Ifoundmynotebookmissing.34.________thedisabledpeople.(it作形式主語(yǔ))開(kāi)殘疾人的玩笑是不禮貌的。35.事實(shí)上，我們已經(jīng)習(xí)慣了它們的存在，甚至可能把它們視為理所當(dāng)然，卻沒(méi)有意識(shí)到它們給了我們多少靈感。Infact,weare___________________________________wemayeventakethemforgrantedwithoutrealisinghowmuchinspirationtheyhavegivenus.36.雖然這次考試成績(jī)并沒(méi)有你預(yù)期的那樣好，但是你不能對(duì)自己失去信心。Althoughtheresultofthisexamis________________youexpected,youcan'tlosefaithinyourself.37.Theobjectoftheseexperimentswastofindtheconnection,__________________,betweenthetwophenomena.這些實(shí)驗(yàn)的目的就是探索這兩種現(xiàn)象之間的聯(lián)系，如果存在著任何聯(lián)系的話。38.Myparentswereveryanxiousaboutme,because__________________thatIhadlivedabroadalone.我的父母很擔(dān)心我,因?yàn)槟鞘俏业谝淮为?dú)自住在國(guó)外。39.TheAmericansandtheBritishnotonlyspeakthesamelanguage____________________.英國(guó)人和美國(guó)人不但語(yǔ)言相同，而且有很多相同的風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣。(notonly…butalso…)40.Bodylanguageissaidto_______up55%ofafirstimpressionwhilewhatyousayjust7%.據(jù)說(shuō)身體語(yǔ)言占第一印象的55%而你卻說(shuō)只有7%。.41.無(wú)疑，他的計(jì)劃聽(tīng)起來(lái)不錯(cuò)。_____________________________________________hisplansoundsverygood.42.我曾經(jīng)有段時(shí)間非常討厭英語(yǔ)。_____________________________________________IwastiredofEnglish.43.Inorderto________________________thewomanteacherraisedhervoice.為了讓自己被聽(tīng)到，那位女老師提高了嗓門。（make+賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)）44.If