中國(guó)文化概況chapter-1

Chapter1AnOverviewAGlimpseofChineseCulture

本章教學(xué)的目的1.中國(guó)標(biāo)志的基本了解;2.中國(guó)地理、歷史、人口、民族、政治體制、經(jīng)濟(jì)的基本概況;3.學(xué)生介紹自己的家鄉(xiāng)。本章教學(xué)的重難點(diǎn)1.中國(guó)標(biāo)志（國(guó)旗、國(guó)徽、國(guó)歌、首都）；2.中國(guó)地理位置、地形、人口、民族、經(jīng)濟(jì)改革；3.學(xué)生家鄉(xiāng)的自我介紹。本章教學(xué)的時(shí)間安排教師課堂講解（80minutes）

1.BriefintroductiontoChinesesymbols(20minutes)

2.Geography(15minutes)3.Anoutlinehistory(10minutes)4.Administrativedivisions(5minutes)5.Population(5minutes)6.DistributionoftheEthnicgroups(10minutes)7.ThepoliticalSystem(5minutes)8.EconomicDevelopmentandReform(10minutes)學(xué)生介紹(20minutes)BriefintroductiontoChineseSymbolsNationalDayNationalEmblemNationalAnthemNationalCapitalChinesecelebrateOctober1asNationalDayinhonourofthefoundingofthePeople’sRepublicofChina(PRC)onOctober1,1949.NationalDayNationalFlagTheredcoloroftheflagsymbolizesrevolutionandtheyellowcolorofthestarsthegoldenbrilliantraysradiatingfromthevastredland.ThedesignofthefoursmallerstarssurroundingabiggeronesignifiestheunityoftheChinesepeopleundertheleadershipoftheCommunistPartyofChina.NationalEmblemComposedofpatternsofthenationalflag,theTian’anmenRostrum,awheelgearandearsofwheat,itsymbolizestheNew-DemocraticRevolutionoftheChinesepeoplesincetheMay4thMovementin1919andthebirthofNewChina.NationalAnthemMarchoftheVolunteerswaswrittenin1935andwasofficiallyadoptedasthenationalanthemofthePRConDecember4,1982.ThelyricsofMarchoftheVolunteersgoesasfollow:Arise,yewhorefusetobeslaves;

LetusamountourfleshandbloodtowardsournewGreatWall!

TheChinesenationfacesitsgreatestperil,

Thethunderingroarofourpeoplewillbeheard!Arise!Arise!Arise!

Wearemany,butourheartsbeatasone!

Selflesslybravingtheenemy’sgunfire,marchon!

Selflesslybravingtheenemy’sgunfire,marchon!

Marchon!Marchon!on!NationalCapitalOnSeptember27,1949,BeiPingwasrenamedasBeijingandbecamecapitalofthePRC.Beijingisnotonlythenation’spoliticalcentre,butalsoservesastiseconomic,scientificamdculturalheart.Geography(15minutes)LocationandBoundaryTopographyRiversandLakesClimateLocationandBoundary

What’sthelocationofChinaintheMap?LocatedintheeastoftheAsiancontinent,onthewesternshoreofthePacificocean,thePRChasalandareaofabout9.6millionsqkm,andisthethirdlargestcountryintheworld,nextonlytoRussiaandCanada.TopographyWhatarethefeaturesofChinesetopography?Chinaisacountryofvariedtopographicalfeatureswithhighlandsinthewestandplainsintheeast.Takingabird’s-eyeviewofChina,theterraindescendsfromthewesttoeastlikeafour-staircase:Qinghai-TibetPlateauinSouthwestChina;(above4000m)InnerMongoliaPlateau,theLoessPlateau,theYunnan-GuizhouPlateau,theTarimBain,theJunggarBasinandSichuanBasin;(1000m-2000m)TheNortheastPlain,theNorthChinaPlainandtheMiddle-LowerYangtzePlain;(500-1000m)ThecontinentalshelfRiversandLakesMorethan1,500riverseachdrain1,000sqkmorlargerareasRichinwater-powerresourcesExteriorandinteriorriversystemsTheYangtzeRiverandtheYellowRiver24,800naturallakesTheGrandCanalWhat’syourimpressionoftheYangtzeRiver?TheYangtzeRiveristhelongestriverinChina;(6,300km)Itflowsthrough11provinces,autonomousregionsandmunicipalities.ItisoneofthemainarteryofwatertransportationbetweeneasternandwesternChina.What’syourimpressionoftheYellowRiver?TheYellowRiverisChina’ssecondlongestriver;(5,464km)Themostheavilysilt-ladenriverintheworld.TheYellowrivercatchmentareaisanimportantbaseforgrainsinChina.AnythingabouttheGrandCanal?TheGrandCanalisalsocalledJinghangCanal(1,801km)Thecanalwasopentonavigationover1,000yearsago.Itpassesthroughonecity,fourprovincesandlinksfivemajorrivers.ClimateAwarmclimateanddistinctseasonsContinentalmonsoonclimateinChina:1)coldanddrywinters;2)warmandhumidsummers;Anoutlinehistory(10minutes)YuanmouManandPekingManTheAncientPeriodTheModernTimesYuanmouManandPekingManThefirstprimitivemanknowntohaveexistedinChinaisYuanmouMan,wholived1.7millionyearsago.PekingMan,whoexistedmorethan400,000yearsago,couldwalkupright,makeandusesimpletools,andmakeuseoffire.TheAncientPeriodWhyarewecalled“thedescendantsofYanandHuang(炎黃子孫)”?Chinesehistorybeganwithtwolegendaryfigures—EmperorHuangandEmperorYan,who,togetherwiththeirtribes,inhabitedthedrainageareaalongthemiddlereachesoftheYellowRiver.BythetimeofXiaDynasty,aftercenturiesoflivingsidebyside,thesetwotribeshadgraduallymergedintoone.Consequently,theChinesepeopleusuallythemsfelf“thedescendantsofYanandHuang”.YuconqueringthefloodYuinspiredpeopletodigditchestodivertwaterinsteadofbuildingdams.Heworkedceaselesslyfor13yearsandsucceededincontrollingthefloods.

TheFirstEmperorofQin

HeunifiedtheLanguage,themeasurementsystemandthecurrency,setuptheprefecturesandcountiessystem,constructedthefamousGreatWallandbuiltextravagantpalacesandmausoleums.AdministrativeDivisions(5minutes)Three-tiersystem(三級(jí)建制),dividingthenationintoprovinces,countiesandtownships；AtpresentChinahas23provinces,5autonomousregions,4municipalitiesandtwospecialadministrativeregions(SAR：特別行政區(qū))Population(5minutes)MorerecentdatausingsamplingbytheNationalBureauofStatisticsannouncedthatattheendof2005,thepopulationofChinawas1,307.56million.Whatis“onechildpolicy”?Itisapolicyoffamilyplanning,hopingtocontrolthepopulationincrease,improvepopulationquality.DistributionoftheEthnicgroups

(10minutes)56ethnicgroups(Han,91.59%)Accordingtothefifthnationalcensusconductedin2000,thepopulationofallthe55minorityethnicgroupstotaled106,43million,accountingfor8.41percentofthetotalpopulationofChina.WhatistheethnicpolicyinChina?Equality,unity,mutualassistanceandcommonprosperityarethebasicprinciplesoftheChinesegovernmentinhandlingtherelationsbetweenethnicgroups.Guesswhatethnicgrouparetheyfrom?DongYiTujiaLiMiaoThePoliticalSystem(5minutes)TheConstitutionofthePeople’sRepublicofChinaisthefundamentallawofthestate.TheNPCisthehighestorganofstatepower.TheCommunistPartyisthesolepartyinpowerinChina.Apartfromit,thereareeightdemocraticpartiesinChina.TheStateCouncil,ortheCentralPeople’sGovernment,ofthePeople’sRepublicofChinaistheexecutivebodyofthehighestorganofstatepowerandthehighestorganofstatea