新高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)大題突破+限時集訓(xùn)專題04 閱讀理解議論文（解析版）

專題04閱讀理解議論文議論文閱讀理解一般作為全國卷閱理解中的CD篇，主要考查學(xué)生的圖輯思維能力。從文章中的細節(jié)、主旨以及寫作意圖等方面著手、學(xué)生能從中總結(jié)出一個論點出來。議論文是說理性的文章，通常由論點、論據(jù)、論證過程和結(jié)論組成。作者往往根據(jù)一些很普通的事實，通過嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)乃季S，縝密的推理得出一個具有普遍性或指導(dǎo)性的觀點。該類文章邏輯性強，命題往往從事實的有關(guān)細節(jié)以及文章的主旨或作者的表達意圖等方面著手，考查我們的思維能力和判斷能力。AcompanyinYancheng,Jiangsuprovince,reportedlyintroducedaninternaldocumentrequiringallemployeestostopusingiPhones.ThosewhocontinueusingiPhonescouldlosetheirjobswhilethosewhoswitchtoHuaweiwouldgetsubsidies,thedocumentsaid.Askedwhy,aseniorcompanyexecutivesaidthemovewastoensurethesecurityofinformationandcommercialsecrets,andtoencouragealltosupportdomesticbrands.Someenterprisesandagenciesmighthavesecurityconcerns,butforthecompanyinvolvedthatseemsunlikely,anditseemstobemoreofapublicityploy.Therehavebeeninstancesinthepast,too,ofotherprivatecompaniesforbiddingemployeesfromusingiPhonesandinsistingtheysupportChinesebrands.AtatimewhentheUnitedStatesgovernmentisforcingUScompaniestostopdoingbusinesswithHuawei,itisgoodtoseeChinesecompatriots(同胞)supportingChinesebrands.However,itisn’tApplethatisstoppingsupplyingchipsandotherhigh-techpartstoHuawei.ItisUSpoliticians.ThepresidenthasalsoissuedexecutiveorderstoshutdownTikToksoastoforceittosellitsUSbusinessestoanAmericancompany.ThebestwaytosupportChinesecompaniesistospeakoutagainstthoseUSpoliticians.Itisadvisable,forexample,tocreateawarenessamongfriendsintheUSaboutthewaysinwhichthesepoliticiansareharmingbothChineseandUSinterests.BoycottingUSbrandssuchasAppleisnotatalladvisable.Itnotonlyviolates(侵犯)anindividual’spersonalrighttochoosewhatheorshelikes,italsocreatesalotofmisunderstanding.Ofcourse,organizationsthatdealwithcriticalinformationcanasktheiremployeestousedomesticbrands.Butthatmustbedonelegally.EvenHuaweifounderRenZhengfeisaidthatpatriotismshouldnotdecidewhetheronewantsaniPhoneoraHuawei.HesaidthathehadboughtApplecomputersforhisfamilyandthathiscompanymustlearnfromitscompetitors.1．Theunderlinedword“subsidies”inParagraph1probablymeans.A．jobsB．bonusC．punishmentD．compliment2．WhydidthecompanyrequireitsemployeestostopusingiPhonesaccordingtoitsleadership?A．Theythoughtthecompany’ssecretinformationmightbestolenbyiPhones.B．TheyfeltguiltandshameatusingiPhones.C．Theyhadtoobeytheorderofthelocalgovernment.D．TheythoughtusingiPhoneswasanactofshowingoff.3．AccordingtothepassageallthefollowingstatementsaretrueEXCEPTthat________.A．someenterprisesandindividualsdon’tuseiPhonestotaketheirpatrioticstandB．AppleisstoppingsupplyingchipstoHuaweiC．boycottingUSbrandsisnotatallwiseandappropriateD．RenZhengfeiandhisfamilyalsouseAppleproducts4．Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleofthepassage?A．WeNeedtoUniteAgainstUsingiPhonesB．OneCompanyPloyMatterstoOneCountry’sFutureC．Can’tForceHuaweitoBeAppleofOne’sEyeD．ChineseCompatriots-Let’sSwitchtoHuawei【語篇解讀】本文是議論文。文章報道國內(nèi)有些企業(yè)因為美國政府迫使美國的一些公司停止和華為的貿(mào)易往來而禁止員工使用蘋果手機，作者對這一觀點進行了駁斥，提出抵制蘋果等美國品牌根本不可取。這不僅侵犯了個人選擇的權(quán)利，也造成了很多誤解。當(dāng)然，處理關(guān)鍵信息的機構(gòu)可以要求員工使用國產(chǎn)品牌。但這必須是合法的。1．B【解析】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線詞所在句“ThosewhocontinueusingiPhonescouldlosetheirjobswhilethosewhoswitchtoHuaweiwouldgetsubsidies.(那些繼續(xù)使用蘋果手機的人可能會失去工作，而那些轉(zhuǎn)而使用華為的人將獲得subsidies)”中while可知，前后句是對比關(guān)系，“l(fā)osetheirjobs”與“getsubsidies”相對，結(jié)合選項可知，使用蘋果手機的人可能會失去工作，而使用華為的人將獲得“獎金”，劃線詞與bonus同義。故選B。2．A【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“aseniorcompanyexecutivesaidthemovewastoensurethesecurityofinformationandcommercialsecrets，andtoencouragealltosupportdomesticbrands．Someenterprisesandagenciesmighthavesecurityconcerns(該公司一位高管表示，此舉是為了確保信息和商業(yè)秘密的安全，并鼓勵所有人支持國產(chǎn)品牌。部分企業(yè)和機構(gòu)可能存在安全顧慮)”可知，領(lǐng)導(dǎo)層要求員工停止使用蘋果手機是因為他們認為公司的機密信息可能會被蘋果手機竊取。故選A。3．B【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“However,itisn’tApplethatisstoppingsupplyingchipsandotherhigh-techpartstoHuawei.ItisUSpoliticians.(然而，停止向華為供應(yīng)芯片和其他高科技零部件的并不是蘋果公司。而是美國政客)”可知，停止向華為供應(yīng)芯片和其他高科技零部的并不是蘋果公司，而是美國政客們的行為，所以B項錯誤。故選B。4．C【解析】主旨大意題。通讀全文，結(jié)合選項最后兩段中“BoycottingUSbrandssuchasAppleisnotatalladvisable.Itnotonlyviolates(侵犯)anindividual’spersonalrighttochoosewhatheorshelikes,italsocreatesalotofmisunderstanding.(抵制蘋果等美國品牌根本不可取。這不僅侵犯了個人選擇他或她喜歡的東西的權(quán)利，也造成了很多誤解)”和“EvenHuaweifounderRenZhengfeisaidthatpatriotismshouldnotdecidewhetheronewantsaniPhoneoraHuawei.(就連華為創(chuàng)始人任正非也表示，愛國主義不應(yīng)該決定一個人是想要蘋果還是華為)”可知，本文駁斥了有些企業(yè)禁止員工使用蘋果手機的作法，提出抵制蘋果等美國品牌根本不可取，任何人無論使用蘋果手機還是華為手機都是個人的喜好和權(quán)利，不能用“愛國主義”來綁架。由此推知C項“Can’tForceHuaweitoBeAppleofOne’sEye(不能強迫華為成為掌上明珠)”是本文要表達的觀點，即不能通過抵制的手段來迫使人們選擇使用華為手機。故選C。第一，抓論點、尋論據(jù)。閱讀議論文我們要抓住論題，即作者提出的觀點、給出的例證及最后得出的結(jié)論。抓住了論題，我們就把握了中心。第二，注重文章結(jié)構(gòu)，理清文章脈絡(luò)。把握文章結(jié)構(gòu)，有利于對文章大意的理解。從論證方法上講，常見的議論文結(jié)構(gòu)有以下兩類：1.Putforwardaquestion→Analyzethequestion→Solvethequestion這就是“提出問題、分析問題、解決問題”的過程。2.Argument/Idea→Evidence→Conclusion/Restatingtheidea這就是“由論點到論據(jù)到結(jié)論或者強調(diào)論點”的過程。第三，體會文章語言特點，把握作者寫作態(tài)度，準(zhǔn)確進行推理判斷。能否正確把握作者的觀點和態(tài)度是體現(xiàn)閱讀能力的重要方面。一般來說，對作者的總的態(tài)度和傾向，必須在通讀全文，掌握了論點和論據(jù)后，方能做出判斷。在判斷作者觀點態(tài)度時，我們應(yīng)注意，有時候作者的觀點和態(tài)度并不是明確地表達出來的，需要我們認真體察。做推理判斷時，一定要遵循邏輯規(guī)律，以事實為依據(jù)進行合理的推理。（一）、Mathandmusicaretwoentirelydifferentfieldsofstudy,butthereisastrongrelevancebetweenthem.Atsomepoint,theytendtooverlap,anditiscommonforpeoplegoodatmathtobegoodatmusic.Itmayseemillogicaltocomparethetwo,buttherearemoresimilaritiesbetweenmathandmusicthanyouwouldimagine.Numberscantellusmoreaboutmusic.Soundsstrangebutit’strue.Musicisdividedintosectionsthatarecalledmeasures,whereeachmeasurehasequalamountsofbeats.Thisiscomparabletomathematicaldivisionsoftime.Now,eachpieceofmusicwilltellushowmanybeatsthereareineachmeasure.Allthemusicnoteshavenumericalconnectionsandanumberofbeats.Itisimportanttounderstandthevalueoffractions(分?jǐn)?shù))andnotestocountthemusiccorrectly.Thebiggestsimilaritybetweenmathandmusicinpattern.Forexample,musichasrepeatingchoruseswhilemathusespatternstoexplaintheunknown.Youcanusedifferentmathematicalphenomenainmusic.Theseincludegeometry(幾何學(xué)),signalprocessing,etc.Infact,researchhasshownthatwhenmusicshowssomemathematicalstructure,ittendstobemorepopular.Inadditiontotheirsharedelements,mathandmusiccanbetaughtusingtheprinciplesofboth.Astudentwhoenjoysmathandmusiccanbenefitfromboth.Forexample,musiccamenhancecognitionandreasoningskills.Forinstance,Einsteinlistenedtomusicwhensolvingmathproblemstoincreaseclarity.Similarly,playingmusiccanimprovecognition,asitincreasescommunicationbetweenthetwobrains.Musicisagatewaytomanythings,anduntilnow,youprobablydidn’trealizethatit’sjustasdemanding,analytical,logicalandscientificasmath.Somethingassimpleaslearning“MaryHadaLittleLamb”onthepianoisactuallysettingyourchildupforbiggerandbetterthings;maybethey’llpickupPythagoras(畢達哥拉斯)inaflash,maybethey’llbeageniusinmath,perhapsthey’llonedaydiscovertheirowntheoryofrelativity.1．Whatdoestheauthorthinkaboutmathandmusic?A．Mathandmusicaredeeplyintertwined.B．Musicisatotallydifferentsubjectfrommath.C．Itsoundsreasonabletocomparemathandmusic.D．Peopleexpertatmathalltendtobemusiclovers.2．What’smainlyabouttheparagraph2?A．Measureisapieceofmusic. B．Mathhelpsinreadingmusic.C．Musicsoundappearsstrange. D．Musicbeatsequaltomathnumbers.3．Whatstatementwilltheauthorprobablyagreewith?A．Patternsarecommoninbothmathandmusic.B．Certainmusicskillsarepractisedviachoruses.C．Musicprincipleseemseasierthanmathematics.D．Reasoningskillsinmathchieflyrelyonmusic.4．Whatmessagedoesthelastparagraphconvey?A．Musicalinvolvementpromotestobeagenius.B．Musicallowskidstocombinemathwithpiano.C．Musicofferskidspotentialsuccessinmathematics.D．Musicmayenhancethemathematicsskillsofallkids.【語篇解讀】本文為一篇議論文。數(shù)學(xué)和音樂屬于兩個完全不同的研究領(lǐng)域，但是兩者間有著很強的相關(guān)性，數(shù)學(xué)引導(dǎo)人們理解音樂，而小時候?qū)W音樂也可能使人今后在數(shù)學(xué)方面取得成就。1．A【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Mathandmusicaretwoentirelydifferentfieldsofstudy,butthereisastrongrelevancebetweenthem.Atsomepoint,theytendtooverlap,anditiscommonforpeoplegoodatmathtobegoodatmusic.Itmayseemillogicaltocomparethetwo,buttherearemoresimilaritiesbetweenmathandmusicthanyouwouldimagine.(數(shù)學(xué)和音樂是兩個完全不同的研究領(lǐng)域，但它們之間有很強的相關(guān)性。在某些時候，它們往往會重疊，擅長數(shù)學(xué)的人擅長音樂是很常見的。比較兩者似乎不合邏輯，但數(shù)學(xué)和音樂之間的相似之處比你想象的要多。)”可知，音樂和數(shù)學(xué)之間有重疊，有很強的相關(guān)性，與A項“Mathandmusicaredeeplyintertwined(數(shù)學(xué)和音樂深深交織在一起)”意思相近，故選A。2．B【解析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段“Numberscantellusmoreaboutmusic.Soundsstrangebutit’strue.Musicisdividedintosectionsthatarecalledmeasures,whereeachmeasurehasequalamountsofbeats.Thisiscomparabletomathematicaldivisionsoftime.Now,eachpieceofmusicwilltellushowmanybeatsthereareineachmeasure.Allthemusicnoteshavenumericalconnectionsandanumberofbeats.Itisimportanttounderstandthevalueoffractions(分?jǐn)?shù))andnotestocountthemusiccorrectly.(數(shù)字可以告訴我們更多關(guān)于音樂的信息。聽起來很奇怪，但這是真的。音樂被分成幾個小節(jié)，每個小節(jié)都有等量的節(jié)拍。這與數(shù)學(xué)上的時間劃分相當(dāng)?，F(xiàn)在，每一段音樂都會告訴我們每個小節(jié)有多少拍。所有的音符都有數(shù)字連接和節(jié)拍數(shù)。理解分?jǐn)?shù)的價值和音符對正確計算音樂很重要)”可知，本段主要闡述數(shù)字能告訴我們音樂的信息，即：數(shù)字有助于我們理解音樂。故選B。3．A【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Thebiggestsimilaritybetweenmathandmusicinpattern.(數(shù)學(xué)和音樂最大的相似之處在于模式。)”可知，作者同意“模式在數(shù)學(xué)和音樂是共有的”這個說法。故選A。4．C【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Musicisagatewaytomanythings,anduntilnow,youprobablydidn’trealizethatit’sjustasdemanding,analytical,logicalandscientificasmath.Somethingassimpleaslearning‘MaryHadaLittleLamb’onthepianoisactuallysettingyourchildupforbiggerandbetterthings;maybethey’llpickupPythagoras(畢達哥拉斯)inaflash,maybethey’llbeageniusinmath,perhapsthey’llonedaydiscovertheirowntheoryofrelativity.(音樂是通往許多事物的大門，直到現(xiàn)在，你可能還沒有意識到它和數(shù)學(xué)一樣要求高、分析性強、邏輯性強、科學(xué)性強。像在鋼琴上學(xué)習(xí)《瑪麗有只小羊羔》這樣簡單的事情，實際上是在為你的孩子做更大更好的事情做準(zhǔn)備，也許他們會在一瞬間學(xué)會畢達哥拉斯（的數(shù)學(xué)），也許他們會成為數(shù)學(xué)天才，也許有一天他們會發(fā)現(xiàn)自己的相對論。)”可知，音樂有助于孩子獲取其他的知識，學(xué)習(xí)音樂的孩子將來可能會在數(shù)學(xué)方面取得成功。故選C。（二）、Neuroscientists(神經(jīng)科學(xué)家)nowknowthatbrainmaturation(成熟)occursfarlaterthanpreviouslythought.Greatchangesinbrainarestilltakingplaceduringyoungadulthood,especiallyintheregionsthatareimportantforplanningahead,expectingthefutureresultsofone’sdecisions,andcomparingriskandreward.Indeed,somebrainregionsdonotreachfullmaturityuntiltheearly20s.Shouldthisnewknowledgemakeusrethinkwherewedrawlegalboundariesbetweenkidsandadults?Maybe.Butit’snotassimpleasitseemsfortworeasons.First,differentbrainregionsmaturealongwithdifferenttimetables.Thereisnosingleageatwhichtheadolescentbrainbecomesanadultbrain.Systemsresponsibleforlogicalreasoningmaturewhenpeopleare16,butthoseinvolvedinself-regulationarestilldevelopinginyoungadulthood.Thisiswhy16-year-oldsarejustascapableasadultswhenitcomestopermittinginformedmedicalpapers,butarestillimmatureinwaysthatreducetheircriminalresponsibility,astheSupremeCourthasnotedinseveralrecentcases.Usingdifferentagesfordifferentlegalboundariesseemsstrange,butitwouldmakeneuro-scientificsenseifwediditreasonably.Second,sciencehasneverhadmuchinfluenceonthesedecisions.Ifitdid,wewouldn’thavelivedinasocietythatallowsteenagerstodrivebeforetheycanbuybeer.Ageboundariesaredrawnmainlyforpoliticalreasons,notscientificones.It’sapitythatNeurosciencewon’thavemuchofanimpactonpoliticsalthoughitisalwayscorrect.Childrenaresochangeableintheirgrowthandhowculturesunderstandchilddevelopmentissodifferent.Itispointlesstotrytodeterminethe“right”ageofmaturation.TheDutch,forexample,allowchildrentodrinkalcoholattheageof16butnottodriveuntiltheyare19.EvenifIfirmlybelievelegaldecisionsshouldrefertoNeuroscienceseriouslyandit’sagoodideatolowerthedrinkingageandraisethedrivingageintheUS,Irecognizethatthegovernmentmightneveracceptit.5．Whatcanwelearnaboutbrainmaturationaccordingtothepassage?A．Allthebrainareasbecomematureatthesametime.B．Scientists’brainmaturesmuchearlierthanpoliticians’.C．Theregioninchargeoflogicalreasoningisn’tmatureuntil18.D．Thetimeofbrainmaturationisnotasearlyasthoughtbefore.6．Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsNeuroscience?A．Favorable. B．Skeptical. C．Indifferent. D．Intolerant.7．Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A．It’sillegalforaDutchboytodriveattheageof16.B．ThecultureoftheDutchismuchbetterthantheUSA．C．It’sofgreatvaluetodeterminetherightageofmaturation.D．Theinfluenceofscienceonlawandpolicymakingisverybig.8．Whatcouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．ShouldChildrenLearnfromCapableAdults?B．CanNeuroscienceCreateMatureScientists?C．ShouldNeuroscienceAffectLawDecisions?D．CanChildrenDriveandDrinkBeerLikeAdults?【語篇解讀】本文是一篇議論文。本文主要議論了神經(jīng)科學(xué)家對人大腦的成熟有了新的認知，即大腦成熟的時間比以前認為的要晚一些，由此是否應(yīng)該讓我們重新思考孩子和成年人之間的法律界限，即神經(jīng)科學(xué)的結(jié)論能否影響法律決定的制定，但實際而言事情看上去并不是那么簡單，由此文章解釋了兩個原因，即對該問題進行了否定回答。5．D【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Neuroscientists(神經(jīng)科學(xué)家)nowknowthatbrainmaturation(成熟)occursfarlaterthanpreviouslythought.(神經(jīng)科學(xué)家現(xiàn)在知道，大腦成熟的時間比以前認為的要晚得多。)”可知，大腦成熟的時間并不像以前想象的那么早。故選D。6．A【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“It’sapitythatNeurosciencewon’thavemuchofanimpactonpoliticsalthoughitisalwayscorrect.(雖然神經(jīng)科學(xué)總是正確的，但遺憾的是它不會對政治產(chǎn)生太大的影響。)”以及最后一段“EvenifIfirmlybelievelegaldecisionsshouldrefertoNeuroscienceseriouslyandit’sagoodideatolowerthedrinkingageandraisethedrivingageintheUS(即使我堅信法律決定應(yīng)該認真參考神經(jīng)科學(xué)，在美國降低飲酒年齡和提高駕駛年齡是個好主意)”可知，作者認為神經(jīng)科學(xué)給出的結(jié)論是正確的，只是它沒有受到政治的關(guān)注，未對政治產(chǎn)生重大影響。由此推斷作者對神經(jīng)科學(xué)持有的是支持的態(tài)度。故選A。7．A【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“TheDutch,forexample,allowchildrentodrinkalcoholattheageof16butnottodriveuntiltheyare19.(例如，荷蘭允許16歲的孩子喝酒，但直到19歲才能開車。)”可知，荷蘭是允許16歲的孩子喝酒的，但是19歲才能開車即19歲以下開車是違法的。故選A。8．C【解析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Neuroscientists(神經(jīng)科學(xué)家)nowknowthatbrainmaturation(成熟)occursfarlaterthanpreviouslythought.(神經(jīng)科學(xué)家現(xiàn)在知道，大腦成熟的時間比以前認為的要晚得多。)”；以及本段中“Shouldthisnewknowledgemakeusrethinkwherewedrawlegalboundariesbetweenkidsandadults?(這一新知識是否會讓我們重新思考孩子和成年人之間的法律界限？)”以及第二段中“Maybe.Butit’snotassimpleasitseemsfortworeasons.(也許吧。但事情并不像看上去那么簡單，原因有二。)”可知，本文主要議論了神經(jīng)科學(xué)家對人大腦的成熟有了新的認知，即大腦成熟的時間比以前認為的要晚一些，由此是否應(yīng)該讓我們重新思考孩子和成年人之間的法律界限，即神經(jīng)科學(xué)的結(jié)論能否影響法律決定的制定，但實際而言事情看上去并不是那么簡單，由此文章解釋了兩個原因，即對該問題進行了否定回答。故C選項“ShouldNeuroscienceAffectLawDecisions?(神經(jīng)科學(xué)會影響法律決策嗎？)”符合文章標(biāo)題。故選C。一、（2022·河北·校聯(lián)考模擬預(yù)測）Themomentthegroundstopsshakingafteranearthquake,somepeoplemaywonderwhethertheirpets—orwildanimalsforthatmatter—knewthedisasterwascoming.Togettothebottomofthisquestion,HeikoWoith,ascientistattheGermanResearchCentreforGeosciences,andhiscolleaguesevaluatedmorethan700publishedreportsofunusualbehavioramong130species,includinginsects,birds,fish,cats,dogsandcattlefrom160earthquakes.Therecordsincludedallkindsofbehaviors,includingatigerthatreportedlygotdepressedbeforeanearthquake.Theresearchersfoundthat90percentofallreportedcaseshappenedwithin62milesoftheepicenter(震中)andwithin60daysofanearthquake.Then,theyexaminedwhenandwhereforeshockshadhappenedintheregionandconcludedthatitwashardtosaytheseanimalscouldpredicttheearthquakeitself.Theywerejustrespondingtoforeshocks.“Thespace-timepatternofanimalprecursors(預(yù)兆)andforeshocksisstrikinglysimilar,”Woithsaid.“Fromthis,weconcludedthattheabnormalanimalbehaviormightsimplyberelatedtoforeshocks.Theseanimalsarejustrespondingtoforeshocksratherthanpredictingtheearthquake.Theydon’thavesuperpower.”Despitethevastnumberofincidences,goodinformationwaslittleandscientificevidenceislacking.“Amajorsurpriseforuswasthatthelargemajorityofthepublishedclaimswerebuiltonpoorobservationaldata,whichdidnotstandasstatisticalscientificproof,”Woithsaid.Tobetterstudywhetheranimalscanpredictearthquakes,Woithandhiscolleaguessuggestedthatresearchersaskanumberofyes-or-noquestionsinanyupcomingexperiments,including“Istheexperimentalsetupandmonitoringprocedureclearlydescribedandreproducible?”and“Isitproventhattheanimalbehaviorisreallyunusual?”Meanwhile,humansareworkingontechnologiesthatcandetectearthquakessecondsbeforetheyhit.Hopefully,wewillhavesuchdevicestowarnpeoplethattheearthquakeiscoming.1．HowdidWoithconductthestudy?A．Byanalyzingformerreports.B．Byobservinganimals’behavior.C．Bycollectingdataintheearthquake.D．Bycomparinganimals’differentresponses.2．WhatisWoith’snewfinding?A．Tigersbecomedepressedeasily. B．Certainanimalshavesuperpower.C．Someanimalscanreacttoforeshocks. D．Animalsinthesameareaactsimilarly.3．Whatsurprisedthescientistsinthestudy?A．Allreportedcasestookplaceinthesamearea.B．Thereweretoomanyreportsaboutforeshocks.C．Someanimalsactstrangelybeforeearthquakes.D．Thepreviousreportslackaccuratedatasupport.4．Whatismainlytalkedaboutinthepassage?A．Howanimalsbehaveinearthquakes.B．Whetheranimalscanpredictearthquakes.C．Whatisthelinkbetweenanimalsandearthquakes.D．Whypeoplestudyanimals’behaviorinearthquakes.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇議論文。盡管每次地震過后總有動物異常行為的報道，然而動物能夠預(yù)測地震這種結(jié)論缺乏科學(xué)依據(jù)。動物的異常行為只能說明對前震有所反應(yīng)，并不能說明它們可以預(yù)測地震。1．A【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段話“Togettothebottomofthisquestion,HeikoWoith,ascientistattheGermanResearchCentreforGeosciences,andhiscolleaguesevaluatedmorethan700publishedreportsofunusualbehavioramong130species,includinginsects,birds,fish,cats,dogsandcattlefrom160earthquakes.Therecordsincludedallkindsofbehaviors,includingatigerthatreportedlygotdepressedbeforeanearthquake.(為了弄清這個問題的真相，德國地球科學(xué)研究中心(GermanResearchCentreforGeosciences)的科學(xué)家?？啤の炙?HeikoWoith)和他的同事們評估了超過700份已發(fā)表的關(guān)于130種物種異常行為的報告，其中包括160次地震中的昆蟲、鳥類、魚類、貓、狗和牛。這些記錄包括各種各樣的行為，包括一只老虎，據(jù)說它在地震前會感到沮喪。)”可知，Woith評估了很多動物異常行為的報告，從而去指導(dǎo)研究。故選A。2．C【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段話“Theresearchersfoundthat90percentofallreportedcaseshappenedwithin62milesoftheepicenter(震中)andwithin60daysofanearthquake.Then,theyexaminedwhenandwhereforeshockshadhappenedintheregionandconcludedthatitwashardtosaytheseanimalscouldpredicttheearthquakeitself.Theywerejustrespondingtoforeshocks.(研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，90%的報告病例發(fā)生在震中62英里和地震的60天內(nèi)。然后，他們研究了該地區(qū)發(fā)生前震的時間和地點，并得出結(jié)論，很難說這些動物能夠預(yù)測地震本身。它們只是對前震做出反應(yīng)。)”和第四段話“Fromthis,weconcludedthattheabnormalanimalbehaviormightsimplyberelatedtoforeshocks.Theseanimalsarejustrespondingtoforeshocksratherthanpredictingtheearthquake.Theydon’thavesuperpower.(由此，我們得出結(jié)論，動物的異常行為可能只是與前震有關(guān)。這些動物只是對前震做出反應(yīng)，而不是預(yù)測地震。他們沒有超能力)”可知，并沒有足夠的證據(jù)說明動物能夠預(yù)測地震，但是它們會對前震有反應(yīng)。故選C。3．D【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段話“Amajorsurpriseforuswasthatthelargemajorityofthepublishedclaimswerebuiltonpoorobservationaldata,whichdidnotstandasstatisticalscientificproof,(令我們驚訝的是，大多數(shù)發(fā)表的觀點都是建立在糟糕的觀察數(shù)據(jù)基礎(chǔ)上的，這些數(shù)據(jù)不能作為統(tǒng)計科學(xué)證據(jù)，)”可知，之前的觀點大多都是建立在觀察數(shù)據(jù)基礎(chǔ)之上的，不能作科學(xué)數(shù)據(jù)。故選D。4．B【解析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段話“Themomentthegroundstopsshakingafteranearthquake,somepeoplemaywonderwhethertheirpets—orwildanimalsforthatmatter—knewthedisasterwascoming.(地震發(fā)生后，當(dāng)?shù)孛嫱Ｖ够蝿拥哪且豢?，一些人可能會想，他們的寵物——或者野生動物——是否知道?zāi)難即將來臨。)”和最后一段話“Meanwhile,humansareworkingontechnologiesthatcandetectearthquakessecondsbeforetheyhit.Hopefully,wewillhavesuchdevicestowarnpeoplethattheearthquakeiscoming.(與此同時，人類正在研究能夠在地震發(fā)生前幾秒鐘檢測到地震的技術(shù)。希望我們會有這樣的設(shè)備來警告人們地震即將來臨。)”可知，文章在討論動物是否有預(yù)測地震的超能力。故選B。二、（2022·福建福州·統(tǒng)考三模）Climbing,Ioncethought,wasaverymanlyactivity,butasIfoundmywayintothisactivity,Icametoseethatsomethingquitedifferenthappensontherock.Likewildswimming,rockclimbinginvolvesyouintothelandscape.Ontherock,Iamfullypresent.Eyespaycloseattention.earsarealert(警覺的),andhandsmoveacrossthesurface.Unlikewalking,whereIcouldhappilywanderaboutabsent-mindedly,inclimbing,attentiveobservationisessential.AsanartsstudentstudyingEnglishliterature,Idiscoveredanewtypeofreadingfromoutdoorclimbing.Goingoutontothecrags(懸崖),Isawhowyoucanlearntoreadtherocksanddevelopavocabularyofphysicalmovements.Goodclimbersknewhowtomaptheirbodiesontothestone.Watchingthem,Iwantedtopossessthatskillfullanguage.MyleaphappenedwhenIworkedfortheCairngormsNationalParkAuthority.GuidingmyexplorationsintothisstrangenewlandscapewasNanShepherd.Unlikethegoal-directedmindsetofmanymountaineers,sheisnotconcernedwithpeaksorpersonalbeats.ShepherdseesthemountainasatotalenvironmentandshecelebratestheCaingormsasaplacealivewithplants,rocks,animalsandelements.Throughhergenerousspiritandmyownwanderings,Isawthatrockclimbingneednotbeaprocessoftestingyourselfagainstanything.Rather,theintensityoffocuscouldreleaseyouintoanotherwayofbeing.Spendingsomuchtimeinhighandstonyplaceshaschangedmyviewontheworldandourplaceinit.Ihavecomeintophysicalcontactwithprocessesthatgowaybeyondtheeveryday.Workingwithgravity,geology(地質(zhì)學(xué)),rhythmsofweatheranddeeptime,Igainanactualrelationshipwiththeearth.Thisconnectionliesattheheartofmypassionforrockclimbing.Ireturntotherocks,becausethisiswhereIfeelintouch—withourland.5．Whydoestheauthorlikeclimbing?A．Itchallengeshertocompetewithmen.B．Irallowsherauriqueattitudetowardrock.C．Itteachesherhowtopossessanewlanguage.D．Itmakesherfeelconnectedwiththeworld.6．Whatdoesthewriterfindimportantinclimbing?A．Balance. B．Concentration. C．Determination. D．Curiosity.7．WhatdoesthewriterlearnfromNanShepherd?A．Climbinggoestogetherwithnature.B．Everymountaintopiswithinreach.C．Thebestclimberistheonehavingfun.D．Youcannotachievehighunlessyouchange.8．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inparagrap5referto?A．Time. B．Contact. C．Theworld. D．Myview.【語篇解讀】這是一篇議論文，作者喜歡爬山，文章講述了作者對爬山的理解及從爬山得到的感悟。5．D【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Workingwithgravity,geology(地質(zhì)學(xué)),rhythmsofweatheranddeeptime,Igainanactualrelationshipwiththeearth.Thisconnectionliesattheheartofmypassionforrockclimbing.(通過研究重力、地質(zhì)、天氣節(jié)奏和深層時間，我獲得了與地球的真實關(guān)系。這種聯(lián)系正是我對攀巖的熱情所在)”可知，作者喜歡爬山是因為爬山可以與世界產(chǎn)生聯(lián)系。故選D。6．B【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中中“Ontherock,Iamfullypresent.Eyespaycloseattention,earsarealert(警覺的),andhandsmoveacrossthesurface.Unlikewalking,whereIcouldhappilywanderaboutabsent-mindedly,inclimbing,attentiveobservationisessential.(在巖石上，我完全存在于這里。眼睛密切關(guān)注，耳朵警覺，手在水面上移動。不像散步，我可以愉快地心不在焉地漫步，在爬山時，全神貫注的觀察是必不可少的)”可知，作者發(fā)現(xiàn)爬山時專注很重要。故選B。7．A【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中“ShepherdseesthemountainasatotalenvironmentandshecelebratestheCaingormsasaplacealivewithplants,rocks,animalsand.elements.(Shepherd把這座山視為一個完整的環(huán)境，她贊美Caingorms是一個充滿了植物，巖石，動物和各種元素的地方)”可知，作者從Shepherd身上學(xué)到爬山是與大自然融為一體。故選A。8．C【解析】指代猜測題。根據(jù)最后一段首句“Spendingsomuchtimeinhighandstonyplaceshaschangedmyviewontheworldandourplaceinit.(在高處多石的地方呆了這么長時間，改變了我對世界和我們在其中的地位的看法)”可知，此處指作者通過爬山改變了對世界和自身在世界中的地位的看法，it指代前文的“世界”。故選C。三、（2022·廣東·華南師大附中?？家荒＃㏎uantum(量子)computershavebeenonmymindalotlately.Afriendhasbeensendingmearticlesonhowquantumcomputersmighthelpsolvesomeofthebiggestchallengeswefaceashumans.I’vealsohadexchangeswithtwoquantum-computingexperts.OneiscomputerscientistChrisJohnsonwhoIseeassomeonewhohelpskeepthefieldhonest.TheotherisphysicistPhilipTaylor.Fordecades,quantumcomputinghasbeenlittlemorethanalaboratorycuriosity.Now,bigtechcompanieshaveinvestedinquantumcomputing,ashavemanysmallerones.AccordingtoBusinessWeekly,quantummachinescouldhelpus“curecancer,andeventakestepstotunclimatechangeintheoppositedirection.”Thisisthesortofhype(炒作)thatannoysJohnson.Heworriesthatresearchersaremakingpromisestheycan’tkeep."What’snew,”Johnsonwrote,“isthatmillionsofdollarsarenowpotentiallyavailabletoquantumcomputingresearchers.”Asquantumcomputingattractsmoreattentionandfunding,researchersmaymisleadinvestors,journalists,thepublicand,worstofall,themselvesabouttheirwork’spotential.Ifresearcherscan’t

keeptheirpromises,excitementmightgivewaytodoubt,disappointmentandanger,Johnsonwarns.Lotsofothertechnologieshavegonethroughstagesofexcitement.Butsomethingaboutquantum

computingmakesitespeciallypronetohype,Johnsonsuggests,perhapsbecause“quantum”standsforsomethingcoolyoushouldn’tbeabletounderstand.AndthatbringsmebacktoTaylor,whosuggestedthatIreadhisbookQforQuantum.AfterIreadthebook,Taylorpatientlyansweredmyquestionsaboutit.HealsoansweredmyquestionsaboutPyQuantum,thefirmheco-foundedin2016.TaylorsharesJohnson’sconcernsabouthype.buthesaysthoseconcernsdonotapplytoPyQuantum.Thecompany,hesays,iscloserthananyotherfirm“byaverylargemargin(幅度)”tobuildinga“useful”quantumcomputer,onethat“solvesanimpactfulproblemthatwewouldnothavebeenabletosolveotherwise.”Headds,“Peoplewillnaturallydiscountmyopinions,butIhavespentalotoftimequantitativelycomparingwhatwearedoingwithothers.”CouldPyQuantumreallybeleadingallthecompetition“byawidemargin”,asTaylorclaims?Idon’tknow.I’mcertainlynotgoingtoadvisemyfriendoranyoneelsetoinvestinquantumcomputers.ButItrustTaylor,justasItrustJohnson.9．HowdoestheauthorfeelsaboutTobnson’sconcerns?A．Approving. B．Unconcerned C．Doubtful. D．Excited.10．WhatleadstoTaylor’soptimismaboutquantumcomputing?A．Hisdominanceinphysics. B．Thecompetitioninthefield.C．HisconfidenceinPyQuantum. D．Theinvestmentoftechcompanies.11．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“prone”inParagraph3mostprobablymean?A．Open. B．Cool. C．Useful. D．Resistant.12．Whichwouldbethebesttideforthepassage?A．IsJohnsonMoreCompetentThanTaylor?B．IsQuantumComputingRedefiningTechnology?C．WillQuantumComputersEverComeintoBeing?D．WillQuantunComputingEverLiveUptoItsHype?【語篇解讀】本文是一篇議論文。主要論述了“量子計算真的會像它的宣傳那樣成功嗎？”，計算機科學(xué)家克里斯·約翰遜和物理學(xué)家菲利普·泰勒分別闡明了自己的觀點。9．A【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Asquantumcomputingattractsmoreattentionandfunding,researchersmaymisleadinvestors,journalists,thepublicand,worstofall,themselvesabouttheirwork’spotential.Ifresearcherscan’tkeeptheirpromises,excitementmightgivewaytodoubt,disappointmentandanger,Johnson