高考英語(yǔ)第二輪復(fù)習(xí)經(jīng)典語(yǔ)法講解及試題集

20XX年高考英語(yǔ)第二輪復(fù)習(xí)經(jīng)典語(yǔ)法講解及試題集（02）名詞▲一、考點(diǎn)聚焦1.可數(shù)名詞單、復(fù)數(shù)變化形式（1）規(guī)則變化。①單數(shù)名詞詞尾直接加-s。如：boy-boys,pen-pens。②以s、x、ch、sh結(jié)尾的單詞一般加-es。如：glass-glasses,box-boxes,watch-watches,brush-brushes。特例：stomach-stomachs③以"輔音字母+y"結(jié)尾的變"y"為"i"再加"-es"。如：baby-babies,lady-ladies,fly-flies。④以"o"結(jié)尾的多數(shù)加-es。如：tomato-tomatoes,potato-potatoes,hero-heroes。但以兩個(gè)元音字母結(jié)尾的名詞和部分外來(lái)詞中以o結(jié)尾的詞只加-s。如：radio-radios,zoo-zoos,photo-photos,piano-pianos,kilo-kilos,tobacco-tobaccos。

⑤以"f"或"fe"結(jié)尾的名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式變"f"或"fe"為"v"，之后再加-es。如：wife-wives,life-lives,knife-knives,wolf-wolves,self-selves,leaf-leaves等。特例：handkerchief-handkerchiefs,roof-roofs,chief-chiefs,gulf-gulfs,belief-beliefs,cliff-cliffs。⑥改變?cè)糇帜傅?。如：man-men,mouse-mice,foot-feet,woman-women,tooth-teeth,goose-geese,ox-oxen。特例：child-children。⑦復(fù)合名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。（A）在復(fù)合詞中最后名詞尾加-s。如：armchair-armchairs,bookcase-bookcases,bookstore-bookstores。（B）man和woman作定語(yǔ)修飾另一個(gè)名詞時(shí)，前后兩個(gè)名詞都要變成復(fù)數(shù)。如：mandoctor-mendoctors,womandriver-womendrivers。（C）與介詞或副詞一起構(gòu)成的復(fù)合名詞應(yīng)在主體名詞部分加-s。如：brother-in-law-brothers-in-law,passer-by-passers-by。

⑧有的名詞有兩種復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：zero-zeros、zeroes;penny的兩種復(fù)數(shù)形式含義有所不同：pence（便士的錢數(shù)），pennies(便士的枚數(shù))。（2）不規(guī)則變化。①單、復(fù)數(shù)同形。如：means,aircraft,deer,fish,Chinese,Japanese,sheep,works（工廠）,cattle。②合成名詞的復(fù)數(shù)。如：boy-friend-boy-friends,go-between-go-betweens(中間人)，grown-up-grown-ups。③有些名詞通常只用作復(fù)數(shù)。如：glasses眼鏡，clothes衣服，goods貨物，trousers褲子，belongings所有物,wages工資，riches財(cái)富,surroundings環(huán)境，ashes灰塵,compasses圓規(guī)，cattle家畜，congratulations祝賀，havewordswithsb.同某人吵架，inhighspirits以很高熱情地，giveone'sregardstosb.向某人問(wèn)侯，inrags衣衫破爛，Itisgoodmannerstodosth.有禮貌做某事。④集體名詞的數(shù)。有些集體名詞通常只用作復(fù)數(shù)，如：people,cattle,police;有些名詞只用作單數(shù)，如：machinery,furniture,mankind,jewellery;有些名詞既可用作單數(shù)又可用作復(fù)數(shù)，單數(shù)看做整體，復(fù)數(shù)看做集體的各個(gè)成員。如：Thecrewislarge.船員人數(shù)很多（指整體）；Thecrewarealltired.船員們都累壞了（個(gè)體）。2、不可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)（1）一般說(shuō)來(lái)抽象名詞為不可數(shù)名詞，但當(dāng)抽象名詞表示具體的東西時(shí)，可用作可數(shù)名詞且詞義發(fā)生變化，主要類型如下：①抽象名詞表示具有某種特性、狀態(tài)、感情情緒的人或事。如：抽象名詞（不可數(shù)）

具體化（個(gè)體名詞，可數(shù)名詞）insurprise驚訝地

asurprise一件令人驚訝的事winsuccess獲得成功

asuccess一個(gè)(件)成功的人(事)winhonor贏得榮譽(yù)

anhonor一個(gè)(件)引以為榮的(事)Failure(失敗)isthemotherofsuccess

失敗是成功之母。

afailure失敗者byexperience靠經(jīng)驗(yàn)

anexperience一次經(jīng)歷youth青春

ayouth一個(gè)青年人havepityonsb.憐憫某人

apity可惜的事情withpleasure樂意

apleasure樂事②抽象名詞與a(an)連用，淡化了抽象概念，轉(zhuǎn)化為似乎可以體驗(yàn)到的動(dòng)作、行為或類別。如：AknowledgeofEnglishisamustininternationaltrade.Wouldyouliketohaveawalk(swim,bath,talk)withme?Itiswasteoftimereadingsuchanovel.Shemadeanapologytohermotherforherwrongdoings.(2)物質(zhì)名詞是不可數(shù)名詞，但表示數(shù)量或種類之多時(shí)，可以用作可數(shù)名詞。如：①物質(zhì)名詞有形或數(shù)的相應(yīng)物體，有單、復(fù)數(shù)。如：somecoffee一些咖啡，acoffee一杯咖啡，threecoffees三杯咖啡，somedrink一些飲料,adrink一杯飲料，threedrinks三杯飲料，hishair他的頭發(fā)，afewgreyhairs幾根白發(fā)，glass玻璃，aglass一只玻璃杯。②物質(zhì)名詞有前置后置修飾時(shí)，前面要使用不定冠詞。havebreakfast

Theroadiscoveredwithsnow.haveawonderfulbreakfast

Theyhaveaheavysnoweveryyear.Timeandtidewaitfornoman.Wehadawonderfultimelastnight.(3)有復(fù)數(shù)形式的不可數(shù)名詞①有些抽象名詞往往以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)，起到一種豐富語(yǔ)言感情色彩或強(qiáng)調(diào)某種特殊狀態(tài)的作用。如：Useyourbrains,please.Theyhavesmoothedawaythedifficulties.Haveyoumadepreparationsfortomorrow'smeeting?Manythanksforyourkindness.Nopains,nogains.Aftermanyfailures,theyfinallysucceeded.②有些物質(zhì)名詞以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)，表示數(shù)量之多，范圍之廣。如：Theboyburstintotearsatthebadnews.Therisingwatersdidalotofharmtothecrops.Thestonebridgebrokedowninheavyrains.3.名詞所有格（1）"'s"所有格的特殊表示形式有：①用于表示時(shí)間、距離、價(jià)格、重量等的名詞后，如：today'snewspaper,fiveminutes'walk(drive),fivepounds'weight,tendollars'worthofcoffee

②用于表示國(guó)家、世界、城市等地方的名詞后。如：theearth'splanet,theword'spopulation,China'sindustry,NewYork'sparks。（2）"of"所有格的特殊表示方式有：①表示"部分"時(shí)，一般在所修飾的名詞前有一個(gè)表示數(shù)量的詞（a、two、several、some、no、many等），如：SomestudentsofMisterZhang'shavegonetocollege.張老師的一些學(xué)生已經(jīng)上大學(xué)了。②表示"其中之一，其中一部分"的意思時(shí)，用：afriendofTom's湯姆的一個(gè)朋友（許多朋友中的一位）。③表示贊揚(yáng)、批評(píng)或厭惡等感情色彩時(shí)，應(yīng)該用：that/this/these/those+名詞（單、復(fù)數(shù)）ofMary's/yours/his/hers。如：Thatinventionofhersbelongstotheworld.她的那項(xiàng)發(fā)明是屬于全世界的（表贊賞）。4、名詞作定語(yǔ)英語(yǔ)中有些名詞沒有其對(duì)應(yīng)的同根形容詞，這些名詞可以直接用來(lái)作定語(yǔ)修飾另一個(gè)名詞。（1）分類意義。airpollution空氣污染

boyfriend男朋友coffeecup咖啡杯

incometax所得稅tennisball網(wǎng)球

songwriter歌曲作家bodylanguage身體語(yǔ)言

roadaccident交通事故NobelPrize諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)

（2）時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、稱呼等。DoctorJack杰克醫(yī)生

ProfessorLi李教授eveningschool夜校

wintersleep冬眠streetdance街舞

countrymusic鄉(xiāng)村音樂villagepeople村民

schooleducation學(xué)校教育Chinaproblem中國(guó)問(wèn)題（3）表目的、手段、來(lái)源，所屬意義。receptiondesk接待臺(tái)

sportsfield田徑場(chǎng)stonetable石桌

colorTV彩電weatherreport天氣預(yù)報(bào)★二、精典名題導(dǎo)解選擇填空1.Itisgenerallybelievedthatteachingis___________itisascience.(NMET

2001)A.anartmuchas

B.muchanartasC.asanartmuchas

D.asmuchanartas解析：答案為D。當(dāng)名詞前有what、so、as、too、quite等詞修飾時(shí)，其形容詞被這些詞修飾，組成下列結(jié)構(gòu)，如：Whatanicebook!Thisistooheavyaboxformetocarry.HeisnotashonestaboyasMike.等，應(yīng)采取too/how+形容詞（副詞）+a(an)+名詞的形式。要記住一些類似的特殊結(jié)構(gòu)，并加以分析。2.Thepoliceareofferinga__________toanyonewhocangiveinformationaboutthelostkey.（NMET

1999）A.price

B.prize

C.reward

D.money解析：答案為C。price價(jià)格，價(jià)錢；prize獎(jiǎng)金。Ｄ項(xiàng)是錢，屬不可數(shù)名詞，題中所要填的是"酬金，報(bào)酬"。注意正確理解名詞的含義及其搭配是活用語(yǔ)言的基礎(chǔ)，在復(fù)習(xí)備考中要熟練掌握考綱中一些名詞的詞義、搭配、習(xí)慣等，才能更好辨析名詞，從而選擇最符合句意的選項(xiàng)。3.You'llfindthismapofgreat_____________inhelpingyoutogetroundLondon（NMET

1998）A.price

B.cost

C.value

D.usefulness解析：答案為C。本題考查特定語(yǔ)境中名詞的詞義及"beof+抽象名詞"結(jié)構(gòu)。Price(價(jià)格)，cost（價(jià)錢，費(fèi)用，成本）不符合題意，value作"qualityofbeingusefulordesirable"解時(shí)，常與of搭配，在句中作表語(yǔ)或補(bǔ)語(yǔ)，意為"有用，有價(jià)值"。故選擇value。注意名詞詞義辨異及慣用法表達(dá)，題中"of+抽象名詞"相當(dāng)于該名詞的形容詞形式。練習(xí).名詞1.The____oftheroomwerecoveredwith____.A.roofs,leafs

B.roofs,leaves

C.rooves,leafs

D.rooves,leaves2.Therearethree____inourfactory.A.womandoctors

B.womendoctors

C.womandoctor

D.womendoctor3.Whichdoyouprefer____or____?A.potatos,tomatos

B.potatos,tomatoesC.potatoes,tomatosD.potatoes,tomatoes4.Theyare____ofdifferentpresses(出版社).Nowtheyarehavingameetinginoneofthe____office.A.editor-in-chiefs,editors-in-chief's

B.editors-in-chief,editor-in-chief'sC.editors-in-chiefs,editor's-in-chief's

D.editors-in-chief,editors-in-chief's5.Theanthastwo____.

A.stomaches

B.stomacks

C.stomach

D.stomachs6.Hedoesn'tlike____forsupper.

A.chick

B.chickenC.chickensD.chicks7.Itwas____hotweatherthatmanyofuswentswimming.A.so

B.such

C.soas

D.sucha8.____wonderfulspacetheysawontheroom!A.How

B.Howa

C.What

D.Whata9.Weknow____travelsnotsofastaslight.A.sound

B.sounds

C.thesounds

D.asound10.Myfamilyraisealotof____,includingtwo____.A.cattle,cows

B.cows,cattle

C.cattles,cows

D.cow,cattles11.Anumberofsoldiers____athecampgate（軍營(yíng)門口）.A.havegathered

B.hasgathered

C.is

D.was12.TheBrownshavespentalarge____ofmoneyontheirnewcar.A.deal

B.amount

C.number

D.size13.____workhasbeendonetoimprovethepeople'slivingstandard.A.Many

B.Agreatmany

C.Agreatdealof

D.Anumberof14.MrLishook____warmlywithafriend.A.hand

B.ahand

C.hands

D.thehands15.Two____,please.A.coffee

B.coffees

C.cupofcoffee

D.cupscoffee16.Ican'tpayas____asheaskedfor.A.highpricea

B.highprice

C.ahighprice

D.highaprice17.____knowledgeofspacedevelopsrapidly.A.Man's

B.Men's

C.Mens'D.Person's18.Istayedat____.

A.XiaoWang'sB.Wang'shome

C.theWangs

D.homeofWang19.SisterCarrieworksina____factory.

A.shoes

B.shoses

C.shoe

D.shoe's20.Haveyoueverread____?A.todaynewspaper

B.newspapertoday

C.newspaperoftodayD.today'snewspaper21.Two____walkdidn'tmademetired.A.hour

B.hours

C.hour's

D.hours'22.Themotheroverthereis____mother.A.JuliaandMary

B.JuliaandMary's

C.Julia'sandMary'sD.Julia'sandMary23.LiMing'shandwritingisbetterthan____intheclass.A.anyone's

B.anyoneelse

C.anyone'selse's

D.anyoneelse's24.Thechildrenareplaying____onthe____.A.sand,sand

B.sands,sands

C.sand,sands

D.sands,sand25.Ifthesetrousersaretoobig,buyasmaller____.

A.setB.oneC.copyD.pair26.Tomusuallytakesa____inbusonrainydays.

A.walkB.rideC.tripD.travel27.Wehaveno____aboutwhereshehasgone.A.information

B.news

C.message

D.flash28.Foodand____aredailynecessities（需要）forthepeople.A.cloth

B.clothe

C.clothes

D.clothing29.My____ofhearingisnotsogoodasitusedtobe.

A.strength

B.sense

C.powerD.skill30.The____causedbycarelessness____yesterday.Manyworkerswerekilled.A.incident,washappened

B.matter,happened

C.event,wastakenplace

D.accident,tookplace31.Theroomwassoquietthatshecouldhearthe____ofherheart.A.beating

B.ways

C.knocking

D.striking32.____hasbeentoldnottothrowwastethingsanywhere.A.Thepublic

B.People

C.Women

D.Man33.Hewasan____inthegovernment____.A.office,official

B.official,office

C.officer,office

D.official,officer34.Thereareseveral____inthisnovelwhoaredifferentin____.A.character,characterB.characters,charactersC.character,charactersD.characters,character35.Wevisitedhim____whenhewasinhospital.A.everyotherdays

B.eachotherday

C.everyotherday

D.everytwoday36.Myfriendwillreturnin____.A.onedayortwo

B.adayortwo

C.onedayortwo

D.aortwodays37.____isalwaysdifficultforme.

A.Translation

B.Translate

C.Thetranslation

D.Atranslation38.____ofthisnovelisexcellent,quitetomysurprise.A.Translation

B.Translate

C.Thetranslation

D.Atranslation39.Thepolice____lookingintothematternow.

A.beB.is

C.areD.aregoingto40.TheChineseare____braveandhardworkingpeople.

A.the

B.a

C./

D.one41.Nonews____goodnews.

A.is

B.are

C.have

D.has42.Mathsstill____verydifficultforme,thoughIhavedonemybest.A.looks

B.seems

C.is

D.are43."Where____mytrousers?"theboyasked.

A.is

B.was

C.were

D.are44.Howhappytheyare!Obviously,theyare____.A.innicespirits

B.innicespirit

C.inhighspirits

D.inhighspirit45.Isawmany____seatedinthecornerreadingsomething.A.Japanese

B.Japaneses

C.ofJapanese

D.ofJapaneses46.Fatherwenttohisdoctorfor____abouthishearttrouble.A.anadvice

B.advice

C.advices

D.theadvices47.Weare____andtheyare____.

A.Englishmen,Germans

B.Englishmen,German

C.Englishmans,Germans

D.Englishmen,Germen48.____aremadeof____.A.Aglass,aglass

B.Glasses,glass

C.Theglass,theglassD.Glasses,glasses49.I'llhavetobuy____trousers.

A.a

B.two

C.apairof

D.acoupleof50.Therearetwo____inourclass.

A.Liu

B.Lius

C.Liu's

D.Lius'51.____isneededincoldcountries.A.Alotofclothes

B.Muchclothing

C.Manyacloth

D.Lotsofclothes52.Theyare____.

A.mathematicsstudent

B.mathematicstudentsC.studentsinmathematics

D.mathematicsstudents53.Thelaboratoryassistantrecordedthe____reactions（反應(yīng)）.A.mouses'

B.mice

C.mices'

D.mice's54.Thisletterwassentby____.A.myfatherfriend

B.myfatherfriend'sC.afriendofmyfather'sD.afriendofmyfather55.Tenyearshadpassed.Ifoundshehad____.A.alittlewhitehairB.somewhitehair

C.afewwhitehair

D.afewwhitehairs56.Ihavemade____withBilly.

A.friends

B.friend

C.afriend

D.thefriend57.ThepopulationofBeijingis____thanthatofXi'an.A.moreB.largerC.fewerD.small58.Therearethirty-two____inourschool.A.womanteacher

B.womenteacher

C.womenteachers

D.womanteachers59.Hehadtriedeverythingbutitmadelittle____.A.use

B.good

C.difference

D.result60.Youmustgettherewithinhalfanhour.Thereshouldbeno____insendingthebloodtothedyingman.A.wait

B.delay

C.time

D.hurry61.Enoughofit!Nobodyherethinkswhatyouaresayingshouldmakeany___.A.excuse

B.sense

C.use

D.value62.-Howdareyouplayonsuchthinice?-Playingoniceisnotmy___ofsparetime.A.idea

B.thought

C.mind

D.intention63.HelensaidshewouldliketogotoAtlantabyair,butIwonderifshehasenoughmoneytopayforthe____.A.travel

B.tourism

C.journey

D.course64.Onesplendidmountain____followedanotherduringourjourneyfromMieheelmoretoRurunz.A.view

B.glance

C.screen

D.scene65.Thenewlawwillcomeinto___onthedayitispassed.(1999上海)A.effect

B.use

C.service

D.existence66.Whenyouplay'football,what______doyouplay?A.situation

B.place

C.part

D.position67.It'simportantforustoemployawordoraphraseaccordingtothe______inlanguagestudies.A.situation

B.expression

C.condition

D.translation68.Iwrotehimalettertoshowmy______ofhisthoughtfulness.A.achievement

B.agreement

C.view

D.appreciation69.Oneoftheadvantagesoflivingonthetopfloorofahigh-riseisthatyoucangetagood______.A.sight

B.scene

C.view

D.look70.Nowadaysnaturalgas,windandotherformsof______arewidelyusedinthecountry.A.energy

B.force

C.power

D.materials71.______withforeigncountriescanbringusmuchinformationabouttheworld.A.Contrast

B.Competition

C.Contact

D.Combination72.Weallknowthat______speaklouderthanwords.A.movements

B.performancesC.operations

D.actions73.Wehaveworkedouttheplanandnowwemustputitinto___.(NMET199738)A.fact

B.reality

C.practice

D.deed74.We'vemissedthelastbus.I'mafraidwehaveno____buttotakeataxi.(Met1993,33)A.way

B.choice

C.possibility

D.selection75.Hedroppedthe___andbrokeit.(Met1993,38)A.cupofcoffeeB.coffee'scupC.cupforcoffeeD.coffeecup76.Here'smycard.Let'skeepin____.(NMET1994,33)A.touch

B.relation

C.connectionD.friendship77.Hegainedhis___byprinting___offamouswriters.(NMET1995,40)A.wealth;work

B.wealths;worksC.wealths;workD.wealth;works78.I'lllookintothematterassoonaspossible,justhavealittle___.(MET1996,10)A.wait

B.time

C.patience

D.rest79.Ifbyanychancesomeonecomestoseeme,askthemtoleavea____.(NMET1997,18)A.message

B.letter

C.sentence

D.notice80.Thesefootballplayershadnostrict___untiltheyjoinedourclub.(1997.上海20)A.practiceB.education

C.exercise

D.training81.Manycountriesareincreasingtheiruseofnaturalgas,windandotherformsof___.(1996.上海.15)A.energy

B.source

C.power

D.material82.You'llfindthismapofgreat__inhelpingyoutogetroundLondon.(NMET199821)A.price

B.cost

C.value

D.usefulness83.Weallknowthat___speaklouderthanwords.(1999.上海24)A.movements

B.performancesC.operations

D.actions84.Myparentsalwaysletmehavemyown____ofliving.(1999.上海25)A.way

B.method

C.manner

D.fashionKey:1~5BBDDD

6~10BBCAA

11~15ABCCB

16~20DAACD

21~25DBDCD

26~30BADBD

31~35AABDC

36~40BACCB

41~45ABDCA

46~50BABCB

51~55BDDCD

56~60ABCCB

61~65BACAA

66~70DADCA

71~75CDCBD76~80ADCAD

81~84ACDA2006全國(guó)各省市高考試卷中的名詞試題:1．(全國(guó)卷2)11.Itisno_______arguingwithBillbecausehewillnevercha