浙江省Lambda聯(lián)盟高三下學(xué)期三模英語(yǔ)試題2

浙江省Lambda聯(lián)盟2024年5月高三模擬考試英語(yǔ)試題卷考生須知：本試卷共8頁(yè)，24小題。滿分150分，考試用時(shí)120分鐘。1.考生答題前，務(wù)必將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)用黑色字跡的簽字筆或鋼筆填寫(xiě)在答題紙上。2.選擇題的作答：每小題選出答案后，用2B鉛筆把答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)黑。寫(xiě)在試卷、草稿紙和答題卡上的非答題區(qū)域均無(wú)效。3.非選擇題的作答：用黑色簽字筆直接答在答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)的答題區(qū)域內(nèi)。寫(xiě)在試卷、草稿紙和答題卡上的非答題區(qū)域均無(wú)效。4.考試結(jié)束后，請(qǐng)將本試卷和答題卡一并上交。第一部分聽(tīng)力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)做題時(shí)，先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時(shí)間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分)聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽(tīng)完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.￡19.15B.￡9.18C.￡9.15答案是C。1.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】Whenwillthemanarriveattheparty?A.At7:30. B.At8:00. C.At8:30.2.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】Whatdoesthewomanwanttodrink?A.Orangejuice. B.Coffee. C.Hotchocolate.3.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】WhatdidthemanplantodoonMarch1st?A.Applyforsomeclasses. B.Callthetravelagent. C.Gotothemountains.4.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】Whatarethespeakersprobablydoing?A.Unpackingabox. B.Loadingacar. C.Buyingasuitcase.5.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】Whatrelationisthemantothewoman?A.Hercustomer.

???? B.Hercoworker.?? C.Herboss.第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分)聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有10秒鐘的時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘;聽(tīng)完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽(tīng)下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】6.Whatdoweknowabouttheman?A.Heishardworking.B.Helikesmakingthings.C.Hepaid$50forthebookcase.7.Whatdidthemandointheend?A.Hetoldajoke.B.Hemadeafutureplan.C.Heaskedthewomanforhelp.聽(tīng)下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】8.Whatcouldthemanbe?A.Asupermarketmanager. B.Apoliceman. C.Ahotelclerk.9.Wheredoesthewomanthinkshelosthercellphone?A.Inataxi. B.Inasupermarket. C.Inapark.聽(tīng)下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】10.WhatwasProf.Stone’sgrandfatherafraidof?A.Leavinghishome.B.Partingfromhisson.C.Takingearlyretirement.11.WhatdoesoldagemeantomanyelderlyAmericans?A.Lackofmoralsupport.B.Lossofselfworth.C.Changeoflivinghabits.12.WhatwillProf.Stonetalkaboutnextconcerningelderlypeople?APublicservicestheyaskfor.B.Healthcareavailabletothem.C.Contributionstheycanmake.聽(tīng)下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】13.Whatdoesthewomangivethemanfirst?AHerpassport. B.Herticket. C.Hername.14.Wheredoesthewomanasktosit?A.Infirstclass. B.Bythewashroom. C.Nearthewalkway.15.Whattimeisitnow?A.9:20. B.9:30. C.9:40.16.Howdoesthewomanfeelintheend?A.Rushed. B.Grateful. C.Confused.聽(tīng)下面一段獨(dú)白，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】17.Whatpositivenewsdothescientistsreportregardinglowcarbontechnologies?A.Theusageoflowcarbontechnologieshasincreased.B.Thecostsofmanykeylowcarbontechnologieshavefallendramatically.C.Theefficiencyoflowcarbontechnologieshasimprovedsignificantly.18.Whatisamajorconcernhighlightedbyobserversregardingthereport?A.Therelianceonexistingtechnologies.B.Thelackofgovernmentpolicies.C.Thedependencyonnewtechnologiestoremovecarbondioxidefromtheatmosphere.19.Howdothesuggestedpersonalactionsforreducingemissionsalsobenefitindividualhealthaccordingtothereport?A.Theypromotehealthierlifestylechoices.B.Theyreducerelianceonpharmaceuticals.C.Theyincreaseawarenessofenvironmentalissues.20.Whyistherelianceonnewcarbondioxideremovaltechnologiesconsideredproblematic?A.Theyarenotwidelyacceptedbythescientificmunity.B.Theyarestillveryexpensiveandatanearlystageofdevelopment.C.Theyhaveanegativeimpactontheenvironment.第二部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AFacebook’sBigOutage—UnderstandingtheInternet’splexMachineryAt15:51UTC,wedetectedasignificantissue:“FacebookDNSlookupreturningSERVFAIL.”ThiserrorsuggestedthatourDNSresolver,,mightbemalfunctioning.However,thesituationwasmoreseriousthanweinitiallythought.Socialmediawasabuzzwithactivity,andourengineersconfirmedthatFacebook,WhatsApp,andInstagramwereallexperiencinganoutage.ItappearedasiftheseplatformshadbeenabruptlydisconnectedfromtheInternet.ThiswasnotasimpleDNSproblem;itwasasignofamuchlargerissue.Facebooklaterrevealedthatachangeintheirinternalconfigurationhadcausedawidespreaddisruption,affectingnotjusttheirservicesbutalsotheabilityoftheirstafftorestorenormaloperations.DelvingintoBGPBGP,orBorderGatewayProtocol,isacriticalponentoftheInternet’sinfrastructure.It’sthesystemthatallowstheInternet’srouterstomunicateanddeterminethemostefficientroutesfordatatotravel.Essentially,BGPistheInternet’sGPS,guidingdatapacketstotheirdestinations.IfanetworklikeFacebookstopsusingBGPtoannounceitspresence,itbeesinvisibleandunreachableontheInternet.TheRippleEffectAt15:58UTC,weobservedthatFacebookhadceasedannouncingitsDNSroutes.ThismeantthatDNSresolvers,whicharetheInternet’sdirectoryassistance,couldnolongerfindtheIPaddressesforFacebook’sservices.Asaresult,attemptstoaccessFacebook.andsimilardomainsfailed.Thisfailuretriggeredachainreaction.Withnoresolutionpossible,DNSresolversworldwidebegantoexperienceanunprecedentedsurgeinqueries,asbothautomatedsystemsandusersrepeatedlytriedtoaccessthenowunavailableservices.ThissurgenotonlystrainedtheDNSinfrastructurebutalsoaffectedotheronlineplatformsasuserssoughtinformationandalternatives.TheInterconnectedWebTheday’seventsunderscoredtheInternet’splexityandthedelicatebalanceofsystemsandprotocolsthatkeepitrunning.It’savast,interconnectedecosystemthatreliesonmutualtrust,standardization,andcollaborationamongitsvariousponentstoservenearlyfivebillionusersglobally.TheResolutionandBeyondBy21:00UTC,webegantoseesignsofrecoveryasBGPactivityfromFacebook’snetworkresumed.Thisactivitypeakedat21:17UTC,indicatingthatFacebookwasactivelyworkingtorestoreitsservices.By21:20UTC,theDNSfor“facebook.”wasonceagainavailableonourresolver,,andby21:28UTC,itappearedthatFacebookwasbackonline,withDNSfunctioningnormally.WhileFacebook,WhatsApp,andInstagrammayhavetakensometimetoreturntofulloperation,theincidentservedasastarkreminderoftheInternet’sinterdependenceandtheimportanceofrobustinfrastructure.21.WhatwastheinitialindicationofaproblemwithFacebook’sservices?A.AdecreaseinuseractivityonsocialmediaplatformsB.TheappearanceofaerrorinDNSlookupsforFacebookC.AsuddenincreaseintraffictopetingsocialmediasitesD.ReportsofphysicaldamagetoFacebook’sdatacenters22.WhatroledoesBGPplayinthefunctioningoftheInternet?A.ItmanagesthedistributionofInternetcontenttousersB.ItprovidessecurityforonlinetransactionsC.IthelpsroutersfindthemostefficientpathfordatatotravelD.ItregulatesthespeedofInternetconnectionsworldwide23.WhydidtheoutageatFacebookleadtoasignificantincreaseinDNStraffic?A.BecauseuserswereattemptingtoaccessFacebook’spetitors,whichresultedinanelevatednumberofDNSqueriesforthoseplatforms.B.BecauseDNSresolverscouldnotresolveFacebook’sdomainnames,leadingtorepeatedqueriesC.BecauseacyberattackspecificallytargetedtheDNSinfrastructure,whichincreasedthevolumeofrequeststoDNSresolversforresolution.D.BecausetheFacebookoutageindirectlycausedphysicaldamagetotheglobalDNSnetwork,necessitatingahighernumberofqueriestoDNSresolverstofindalternativeroutes.BFiftyyearsafterLilianaCavani’sfilmTheNightPorterwasreleasedtowidespreadcriticaldisgust,howhaveviewsofitchanged?“TowriteapoemafterAuschwitzisbarbaric,”wrotetheGermantheoristTheodorAdorno,suggestinginhis1949essayCulturalCriticismandSocietythatartisticexpressionhadbeenrenderedinadequateasatooltounderstandrealityaftertheHolocaust.Inher1974filmTheNightPorter,ItaliandirectorLilianaCavanichallengedthistheory,takingittoitslogicalextreme.SheusedaconcentrationcampasthesettingtoexploreacrazedsexualbondbetweenanadolescentprisonerandanSSmandant,andhow,yearslater,thispsychologicalpoisonhaspervadedtheirsouls.Amidthefuroreafteritsrelease—whichincludedintenselynegativereviewsandanattemptedbanbytheItalianratingsboard—withtypicalnonchalance,CavanitoldTheNewYorkTimes:“Thisisnothingparedtothenumberlesscoupleswhoteareachotherapartpsychologically.”Halfacenturyon,however,doesTheNightPorterstillseemlikeaprovocationthatplumbsthedepthsofbadtaste?Withthefilm’srecentrestorationandrereleases,aswellasrenewedconversationsaroundcinematicdepictionsoftheHolocaust,manyhaverevisitedthefilmandremainunimpressedbyitscontent.OthersareperhapsseeingthefilmmoreasLilianaCavanioriginallyintended:asanartisticreflectionofhowsexualobsessioncanbefascisticinitstunnelvisionedferocity.Cavaniherselfputitmoresimply:“l(fā)oveesalwayswithapricetopay.”TheNightPorterissetinViennain1957,whereaformerNazimandant,Max(DirkBogarde),worksinanupmarkethotel.There,heclasheswithformerSScolleagueswhoaredeterminedtopurgethemselvesofanyshameabouttheirrolesintheFinalSolutionandeliminateanysurvivingwitnesses.Max,however,wouldratherforgethispastandmoveon,livinghislifequietly,hesays,“asachurchmouse.”HiscarefulworldisupendedwhenLucia(CharlotteRampling),nowmarriedtoanAmericanposer,walksintohishotellobby—theverywomanhesexuallyabusedwhileshewasaprisonerinhiscamp,andwithwhomheenteredintoasadomasochisticrelationship.Reunitedoncemore,theirtwistedfolieadeuxresumesandaferventdebasementbegins—now,onbothsides.24.Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestreflectstheauthor’sperspectiveonthefilm’sportrayaloftheHolocaust?A.ThefilmisadisrespectfulandexploitativerepresentationoftheHolocaust.B.ThefilmisaplexandabstractexplorationofNaziideologyandsexualtaboos.C.ThefilmisastraightforwardhistoricalaccountoftheHolocaust.D.ThefilmisaromanticizeddepictionofloveduringtheHolocaust.25.Inthecontextofthearticle,whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheterm“sadomasochistic”?A.Aformofpsychologicaltherapy.B.Atypeofartisticexpression.C.Arelationshipdynamiccharacterizedbytheexchangeofpainandpleasure.D.AhistoricalaccountofeventsduringWorldWarII.26.Whatisthemainargumentofthosewhodefendthefilm’sartisticmerit?AThefilmprovidesarealisticportrayaloftheHolocaust.B.Thefilm’scontroversialnaturegeneratesimportantdiscussions.C.Thefilmisasuccessfulexampleofthe“Nazisploitation”genre.D.Thefilm’splotandcharacterdevelopmentarehighlyoriginal.27.Whatisthemostappropriatetitleforthearticle?A.“TheNightPorter:ACinematicControversy”B.“LilianaCavani:TheDirectorWhoChallengedArt”C.“LoveandEvil:TheplexThemesofTheNightPorter”D.“TheHolocaustonFilm:AHistoryofCinematicPortrayals”CHowcanonepersonenjoygoodhealth,whileanotherpersonlooksoldbeforehertime?Humanshavebeenaskingthisquestionforthousandsofyears,andrecently,it’sbeingclearerandclearertoscientiststhatthedifferencesbetweenpeople’sratesofaginglieintheplexinteractionsamonggenes,socialrelationships,environmentsandlifestyles.Eventhoughyouwerebornwithaparticularsetofgenes,thewayyoulivecaninfluencehowtheyexpressthemselves.Somelifestylefactorsmayeventurngenesonorshutthemoff.Deepwithinthegeneticheartofallourcellsaretelomeres,orrepeatingsegmentsofnoncodingDNAthatliveattheendsofthechromosomes(染色體).Theyformcapsattheendsofthechromosomesandkeepthegeneticmaterialtogether.Shorteningwitheachcelldivision,theyhelpdeterminehowfastacellages.Whentheybeetooshort,thecellstopsdividingaltogether.Thisisn’ttheonlyreasonacellcanage—thereareotherstressesoncellswedon’tyetunderstandverywell—butshorttelomeresareoneofthemajorreasonshumancellsgrowold.We’vedevotedmostofourcareerstostudyingtelomeres,andoneextraordinarydiscoveryfromourlabsisthattelomerescanactuallylengthen.Scientistshavelearnedthatseveralthoughtpatternsappeartobeunhealthyfortelomeres,andoneofthemiscynicalhostility.Cynicalhostilityisdefinedbyhighangerandfrequentthoughtsthatotherpeoplecannotbetrusted.Someonewithhostilitydoesn’tjustthink,“Ihatetostandinlonglines”;theythink,“Othersdeliberatelyspedupandbeatmetomyrightfulpositionintheline!”—andthengetviolentlyagitated.Peoplewhoscorehighonmeasuresofcynicalhostilitytendtogetmoreheartdisease,metabolicdiseaseandoftendieatyoungerages.Theyalsohaveshortertelomeres.InastudyofBritishcivilservants,menwhoscoredhighonmeasuresofcynicalhostilityhadshortertelomeresthanmenwhosehostilityscoreswerelow.Themosthostilemenwere30%morelikelytohaveshorttelomeres.Whatthismeans:agingisadynamicprocessthatcouldpossiblybeacceleratedorslowed—and,insomeaspects,evenreversed.Toanextent,ithassurprisedusandtherestofthescientificmunitythattelomeresdonotsimplycarryoutthemandsissuedbyyourgeneticcode.Yourtelomeresarelisteningtoyou.Thefoodsyoueat,yourresponsetochallenges,theamountofexerciseyouget,andmanyotherfactorsappeartoinfluenceyourtelomeresandcanpreventprematureagingatthecellularlevel.Oneofthekeystoenjoyinggoodhealthissimplydoingyourparttofosterhealthycellrenewal.28.Whyaresomelifestylefactorsconsideredextremelyimportant?ATheymaydeterminehowgenesfunction.B.Theymayshortentheprocessofcelldivision.C.Theymayaffectthelifespanoftelomeres.D.Theymayaccountforthestressesoncells.29.Whathavetheauthorandhiscolleaguesdiscoveredabouttelomeres?A.Theirnumberaffectsthegrowthofcells.BTheirlengthdeterminesthequalityoflife.C.Theirshorteningprocesscanbereversed.D.Theirhealthimpactsthedivisionofcells.30.Whathavescientistslearnedaboutcynicalhostility?A.Itmayleadtoconfrontationalthoughtpatterns.B.Itmaycausepeopletolosetheirtemperfrequently.C.Itmayproduceanadverseeffectontelomeres.D.Itmaystirupagitationamongthoseinlonglines.31.Whatdowelearnfromthelastparagraphabouttheprocessofaging?A.Itmayvaryfromindividualtoindividual.B.Itchallengesscientiststoexplorefurther.C.Itdependsonone’sgeneticcode.D.Itmaybecontrolledtoadegree.DInthelatenineteenthcentury,artcriticsregardedseventeenthcenturyDutchpaintingsasdirectreflectionsofreality.Thepaintingswerediscussedasanindexofthedemocracyofasocietythatchosetorepresentitsclass,action,andoccupationsexactlyastheywere,widerangingrealismwasseenasthegreatacplishmentofDutchart.However,theachievementofmorerecentstudyofDutcharthasbeentherecoveryofthefactthatsuchpaintingsaretobetakenassymbolizingmortality,therenaissanceofearthlylife,andthepowerofGod,andasmessagethatrangefromthemildlymoralizingtothefirmlydidactic.Howexplicitandconsistentthesymbolizingprocesswasintendedtobeisamuchthorniermatter,butanyonewhohasmorefamiliaritythanapassingacquaintancewithDutchliteratureorwiththekindsofimagesusedinillustratedbooks(aboveallemblembooks)willknowhowmuchlesspervasivewasthehabitofinvestingordinaryobjectsthanofinvestingsceneswithmeaningthatgobeyondtheirsurfaceandoutwardappearance.Inthemid1960s,EddydeJonghpublishedanextraordinaryarrayofmaterial—especiallyfromtheemblembooksandvernacularliterature—thatconfirmedtheunreliabilityoftakingDutchpicturesatsurfacevaluealone.Themajordifficulty,however,withthefindingsofcriticssuchasdeJonghisthatitisnoteasytoassessthemultiplicityoflevelsinwhichDutchviewersinterpretedthesepictures.DeJongh’sfollowerstypicallyregardthepicturesaspurelysymbolic.NoteveryobjectwithinDutchpaintingsneedbeinterpretedintermsoftheglossgiventoitsequivalentrepresentationintheemblembooks.NoteveryfootwarmeristobeinterpretedintermsofthefootwarmerinRowmerVisscher’sSinnepoppenof1614,noteverybridleisanemblemofrestraint(thoughmanywereindeedjustthat).TomaintainasBrowndoes,thatthetwochildreninNetscher’spaintingALadyTeachingaChildtoReadstandforindustryandidlenessistofailtounderstandthatthepaintinghasavarietyofpossiblemeanings,eventhoughthepictureundoubtedlycarriersunmistakablesymbolicmeanings,too.ModernArthistoriansmaywellfindthediscoveryofparallelsbetweenapaintingandaspecificemblemexciting,theymay,likeseventeenthcenturyviewers,searchforthedoublethatliebehindmanypaintings.Butseventeenthcenturyresponsecanhardlybereducedtothelevelofformula.TosuggestotherwiseistoimplyalaboriousnessofmentalprocessthatmaywellcharacterizemoderninterpretationsofseventeenthcenturyDutchArt,butthatwas,forthemostpart,notcharacteristicintheseventeenthcentury.32.Thepassageisprimarilyconcernedwithwhichofthefollowing?A.Reconcilingtwodifferentpointsofviewabouthowartreflects.B.Criticizingatraditionalmethodofinterpretation.C.Describingandevaluatingarecentcriticalapproach.D.Describingalongstandingcontroversyandhowitwasresolved.33.Theauthorofthepassagementionsbridlesinthehighlightedportionofthepassagemostlikelyinorderto______.A.SuggestthatrestraintwasonlyoneofthemanysymbolicmeaningsattachedtobridlesB.Provideanexampleofaneveryday,physicalobjectthatwasnotendowedwithsymbolicmeaningC.ProvideanexampleofanobjectthatmoderncriticshaveendowedwithsymbolicmeaningdifferentfromthemeaningassigneditbyseventeenthcenturyDutchartistsD.Provideanexampleofanobjectwithsymbolicmeaningthatwasnotalwaysusedasasymbol34.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthefunctionofthelastparagraphofthepassage?A.Itprovidesspecificapplicationsofthecriticalapproachintroducedintheprecedingparagraph.B.Itpresentacaveataboutthecriticalapproachdiscussedintheprecedingparagraph.C.Itpresentstheresearchonwhichatheorypresentedintheprecedingparagraphisbased.D.Itrefutesatheorypresentedintheprecedingparagraphandadvocatesareturntoamoretraditionalapproach.35.ThepassagesuggestswhichofthefollowingaboutemblembooksinseventeenthcenturyHolland?A.TheyconfirmthatseventeenthcenturyDutchpaintingdepictsomeobjectsandscenesrarelyfoundindailylife.B.TheyaremoreusefulthanvernacularliteratureinprovidinginformationaboutthesymboliccontentofseventeenthcenturyDutchpainting.C.Theyhavebeenmisinterpretedbyartcritics,suchasdeJongh,whoclaimseventeenthcenturyDutchpaintingscontainsymbolicmeaning.D.TheycontainmaterialthatchallengestheassumptionsofthenineteenthcenturycriticsaboutseventeenthcenturyDutchpainting.第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。CanWeStopFoodLongingThroughImaginaryEating?Areyoufightinganurgetoreachforchocolate?Then,letitmeltinyourmind,notinyourmouth.Accordingtotherecentresearch,imaginingeatingaspecificfoodreducesyourinterestinthatfood,soyoueatlessofit.Thisreactiontorepeatedexposuretofood—beinglessinterestedinsomethingbecauseyou’veexperiencedittoomuch—iscalledhabituation._____36_____Theresearchisthefirsttoshowthathabituationcanoccurthroughthepowerofthemind.“Ifyoujustthinkaboutthefooditself—howittastesandsmells—thatwillincreaseyourappetite,”saidCareyMorewedge,awellknownpsychologist.“Itmightbebettertoforceyourselftorepeatedlythinkaboutchewingandswallowingthefoodinordertoreduceyourlonging._____37_____Visualizingyourselfeatingchocolatewouldn’tpreventyoufromeatinglotsofcheese,”headded.Morewedgeconductedaninterestingexperiment.51subjectsweredividedintothreegroups.Onegroupwasaskedtoimagineputting30coinsintoalaundrymachineandtheneatingthreechocolates._____38_____Anothergroupwasaskedtoimagineputtingthreecoinsintoalaundrymachineandtheneating30chocolates.Lastly,acontrolgroupimaginedjustputting33coinsintothemachine—withnochocolates._____39_____Whentheysaidtheyhadfinished,theseweretakenawayandweighed.Theresultsshowedthegroupthathadimaginedeating30chocolateseachatefewerofthechocolatesthantheothergroups._____40_____Physicalsignals—thatfullstomachfeeling—areonlypartofwhattellsuswe’vefinishedameal.Theresearchsuggeststhatpsychologicaleffects,suchashabituation,alsoinfluencehowmuchapersoneats.Itmayleadtonewbehavioraltechniquesforpeoplelookingtoeatmorehealthily,orhavecontroloverotherhabits.A.What’smore,thisonlyworkswiththespecificfoodyou’veimagined.B.Peoplewereadvisedtotrydifferentmethodstoperformtheexperiment.C.Forexample,atenthbiteisdesiredlessthanthefirstbite,accordingtothestudy.D.Allofthemthenatefreelyfrombowlscontainingthesameamountofchocolateeach.E.Itmeantthosewhorepeatedlyimaginedeatingwouldconcernaboutsomespecificfood.F.Thisrequiresthesamemotorskillsaseatingsmallchocolatesfromapacket,thestudysays.G.Thisstudyispartoftheresearchlookingintowhatmakesuseatmorethanweactuallyneed.第三部分語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。Heisbetteratwords.Sheisbetteratsentences.Gamestheyliketoplayinvolvetheformer,andhewinsthevastmajorityofthemthevastmajorityofthetime.Debatestheyfindthemselvesininvolvethelatter,andtherehasn’tbeenanoccasion(onrecord)ofhimwinningoneformany,manyyears.Crosswords,Scrabble,thatnewgamewithgreenandyellowsquares,heexcelsat.Givensixtriestoguessafiveletterword,heisquickertorecallwordswithoutrealvowels(shedoesn’tsupporttheideathat“Y”isavowel),andhehasthenervetoguesswordswithtripleletters,like“fluff,”onthesecondtry.Ofcourse,sheknowswhatfluffis.It’seither____41____orthestuffingthatesoutofcheaptoys.Butit’snotawordshewouldhaveguessed.Indefenseof“Y”‘svowelness,heasks,Whatabout“l(fā)ynx”?Lynx?shereplies,incredulous.Whenhaveyoueverusedthataloud?Oh,look,overthere,thatlynxisabouttopounceand____42____outmyheart!Sheiscertainthatanypersoninsuchascenariowouldusetheword“bobcat.”Whatmostinfuriatesheristhepresumptionthatshemustbeawhizatwordsgivenher____43____asawriterofbooks.Sheisgiftedcalendarcrosswordpuzzles(yes,threehundredandsixtyfivetinycrosswords,onesheetforeachday)everyDecember,andisoftendraggedintolongboutsofWordswithFriends.Inonegame,hescoresmorethanseventypointswithawellplaced“Q.”Shelosesthatgamesoonenoughandtextshim,You’realwaysdoingstufflikethat,____44____thevalueofeachword.Butthat’showyouplay—thosearetherules,hereplies.Shecallsintoquestiontheserules:isthepointsystemforlettersreallybasedonfrequency,orisitsomelargerinstitutional____45____ofmindcontrol?Herepeats,butthosearetherules.Onherdarkestofwritingdays,shetakesthelastsentenceshewroteand____46____itupforpoints.Sheisimmenselydisappointed.Thenshestaresatthosecrosswordcalendars,andtheystareback.Thefiveshewasgiftedthisholidayseason,plusseveralfromlastyear.Theysitalloverherdesklikeblindcats.Hundredsifnotthousandsofempty____47____.Sheoftenfindsherself____48____whetherherwritingskillsactuallytranslatetosuccessingamesthatdemandlexicalagility.Despiteher____49____,shefindsthesegamesfrustratingand____50____.It’snotjustaboutknowingwords,shethinks,butaboutusingthem____51____.Herbrother,ontheotherhand,seemsto____52____thesenuancesnaturally,pickingtheperfectmomentstodrophistripleletterbombs.Oneevening,shedecidestochallengehimtoagameof____53____,determinedtoprovethatherskillscanextendbeyondthepage.Thegamestartsoffwellforher,witheachplayertradingclever,highscoringwords.Butsoon,hebeginstopullahead,____54____advantageofeverydoublewordscorespace,whileshestrugglestomakethemostofher____55____.41.A.nonsense B.rubbish C.fluff D.trash42.A.pull B.rip C.tear D.drag43.A.hobby B.profession C.occupation D.job44.A.guessing B.calculating C.estimating D.evaluating45.A.measure B.metric C.method D.calculation46.A.counts B.scores C.sums D.adds47.A.blocks B.grids C.squares D.letters48.A.wondering B.doubting C.guessing D.knowing49.A.expertise B.confusion C.frustration D.anger50.A.demoralizing B.exciting C.boring D.enlightening51.A.strategically B.forcefully C.literally D.randomly52.A.ignore B.miss C.grasp D.avoid53.A.Boggle B.Scrabble C.Chess D.Checkers54.A.taking B.finding C.losing D.giving55.A.letters B.skills C.resources D.options第二節(jié)(共10小題;每小題1.5分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。“Thedangerousthingaboutlyingispeopledon’tunderstandhowtheactchangesus,”saysDanAriely,behaviouralpsychologistatDukeUniversity.Psychologistshavedocumentedchildrenlyingasearlyastheageoftwo.Lyingisevenconsidered_____56_____developmentalmilestone,likecrawlingandwalking,withsophisticatedplanningandattention_____57_____(require).But,formostpeople,lyinggetsincreasinglylimitedaswedevelopasenseofmoralityandtheabilitytoselfregulate.AccordingtoAriely,lyingtakeswork.Instudies,hegavesubjectsachancetodeceiveformonetarygainswhileexaminingtheirbrainsinafunctionalMRImachine.Somepeopletoldthetruthinstantly.Butothersoptedtolie,andtheyshowedincreasedactivityintheirfrontalparietal(顱腔壁的)controlnetwork,whichisinvolvedinplexthinking.Itsuggestedthattheyweredecidingbetweentruthanddishonesty,andafterthinkingaboutit,_____58_____(choose)thelatter.Forafollowupanalysis,hefoundthatpeoplewhose