福州高三第一次質(zhì)量檢測英語試題之詞匯銜接講義

詞匯銜接之福州2025屆高三第一次質(zhì)量檢測銜接（cohesion）和連貫（coherence）是語篇的兩個重要特征。語篇銜接手段分為語法銜接和詞匯銜接。詞匯銜接指語篇中出現(xiàn)的一部分詞匯相互之前存在語義上的聯(lián)系，或反復(fù)，或由其他同義詞語替代，或共同出現(xiàn)（胡壯麟，2018）。詞匯銜接指通過詞的重復(fù)、同義、反義、上下義、互補、整體與部分等關(guān)系，來使語篇語義連貫（黃國文，1988）。詞匯銜接訓(xùn)練一方面能夠有效避免教師忽視語篇主題、孤立地講解詞匯和語法現(xiàn)象；另一方面能夠促使學(xué)生圍繞主題，根據(jù)上下文語境，通過推理、判斷等思維活動來解讀文本，有助于形成語篇銜接的意識，掌握語篇銜接的手段，發(fā)展邏輯思維。BWhenmyeditorsaskedmetoreportonforestbathing,Ipackedaswimsuit.Iassumeditmustinvolvegettinginthewater.Itturnsout,myinterpretationwastooliteral.ImetcertifiedForestTherapy(治療)guideMelanieChoukasBradleyatanurbanforestinWashington,D.C.Here,Ibegantogetit.Forestbathingisn’tabathorahike.Wedidwalktheforesttrails,butwewanderedwithnoparticulardestinationinmind.Theaimofforestbathing,ChoukasBradleyexplained,istoslowdownandthrowoneselfinthenaturalenvironment.Shehelpedusbeawareofthesmells,tastesandsightsoftheforest.Wetookinoursurroundingsbyusingalloursenses.Aswepassedthroughastandoftrees,wetouchedthetrunks.Wesmelledtheblackwalnuts,whichgiveoffalovelyfragrance(香氣).Wegotalittleshowerofripemulberries,too.“Closeyoureyesandjustbreathe.”ChoukasBradleytoldus.AfterIopenedmyeyes,thegreenlookedalotgreener.AndIbegantoseethingsIhadn’tnoticedbefore.“Aforestguidehelpsusbehere,notthere,”saysAmosClifford,thefounderoftheAssociationofNature&ForestTherapy,theorganizationthatcertifiestheguides.Theysupportwhattheforestscouldofferus,invitingusintopracticesthatdeepenphysicalpresence,pleasure,andpartnershipwithnature.Whenweconnectwithnatureinthisway,weareconnectingwithourselves.Clifford’sgoalistoencouragehealthcareproyiderstointegrateforesttherapyasastressreductionstrategy.IntheUnitedStates,workrelatedstressaccountsforupto$190billioninhealthcarecostseachyear.“It’smyhopethatthehealthcaresystemwillincludeforesttherapyintotherangeofservices,”Cliffordsays.4.Whatisforestbathing?A.Ahikeupthemountain.B.Anadventureinthewoods.C.Aswimminginopenwater.D.Aguidednaturehealingpractice.該題中的詞匯銜接手段體現(xiàn)為：heal,healthcare是therapy同義詞5.Howcanwebenefitfromforestbathing?A.Byimprovingourawareness.B.Bydoingintensetraining.CByexperiencingnaturemindfully.D.Bycarryingouteyesighttests.該題中的詞匯銜接手段體現(xiàn)為：nature，naturalenvironment，surroundings是forest同義詞。slowdown，throwoneself，Beawareof，alloursenses，smell，eyes是mindfully同義詞，描述了森林浴時有意識地慢下來，專注于當(dāng)前，全面感受自然環(huán)境的過程。6.Whatcanaguidehelpforestbathersdo?A.Locateandpickripefruits.B.Putexerciseplansintoaction.C.Identifydifferenttreesandbirds.D.Concentrateonthesurroundingnature.該題中的詞匯銜接手段體現(xiàn)為：behere，physicalpresence，partnershipwithnature，connectwithnature是Concentrateonthesurroundingnature同義詞7.WhatcanwelearnfromClifford’swordsinthelastparagraph?A.Healthcaresystemneedsupdating.B.Naturebasedtherapycoststoomuch.C.Stressrelateddiseasesaremonlyseen.D.Foresttherapycouldbeanalternativetreatment.該題中的詞匯銜接手段體現(xiàn)為：healthcare，therapy，strategy是treatment同義詞CFloatingpiecesofArcticseaicerolledintoplicatedpatternsasoceancurrentscarriedthemsouthalongGreenland’seastcoastinspring2024.TheMODIS(光譜儀)onNASA’sTerrasatelliteseizedamomentofthisdizzyingjourneyonJune4,2024.Muchoftheicehaslikelyflowedagreatdistancetogettothispoint.TheFramStrait,connectingtheArcticOceanwiththeGreenlandSea,servesastheprimaryrouteforseaiceoutoftheArctic.Alongtheway,itbreaksintosmallerpiecesandstartstomeltinwarmeroceanwaters.“Thesmallerthefloatingice,themore‘wispy’thepatterns,”saidWaltMeier,aseaicescientist.Thesmallicepiecesmayonlybemetersacross—toosmalltodistinguishinMODISimagery.Theirgatheringformsthesmokelikecloudsrisingfromthewatersurface.Asthesummerwearson,icewillcontinuetobecarriedoutoftheArctic.Butinrecentyears,moreoftheArcticOcean’sseaicehasbeetooyoungandthintomakethejourneysouth,notedAngelaBliss,aseaicescientistatNASA’sGoddardSpaceFlightCenter.“Historically,whenmoreoftheArcticseaicewouldsurvivethesummermeltseason,growingthickerandolder,alargervolumeofseaicewouldbetransportedthroughtheFramStrait,”shesaid.Someclimatescientistsarewatchingthisdecreasedflowclosely.ThemovementofseaiceandfreshwateroutoftheArcticisaponentofoceancirculation(洋流)patternsthatdistributeheataroundtheplanet.The“globaloceanconveyorbelt”transportscoldwatersouthandwarmwaternorth,contributingtoclimateconditionsworldwide.“Lessiceandfreshwatertransporthavebigimpactsonoceanproductivity,aswellaswarmingupperoceantemperatures,intheregion,”saidBliss.A2023studylookingattwodecadesofrelatedobservationsfoundthattheEastGreenlandCurrentismovinglessseaicethroughtheFramStrait,primarilyduetoseaicethinning.TheresearchersobservedthatsummertimesurfacewatertemperaturesoffGreenlandhaverisen,inpartduetotheincreasedpresenceofheatabsorbingopenwater.8.WhatdoestheNASAimagemainlyshow?A.Thelengthofthecoastline.B.ThejourneytotheArctic.C.Asceneofseaicemovement.D.ApatternoftheArcticice.該題中的詞匯銜接手段體現(xiàn)為：carriedthemsouth，journey，flowedagreatdistance，primaryroute，outoftheArctic，Alongtheway，makethejourneysouth，betransportedthroughtheFramStrait，Themovementofseaice，movinglessseaicethroughtheFramStrait。這篇文章講得就是冰的移動及其相關(guān)的環(huán)境影響。9.Whatdoestheunderlined“wispy”possiblymean?A.Typical.B.Delicate.C.Evident.D.Similar.該題中的詞匯銜接手段體現(xiàn)為：small，melt，smaller，toosmalltodistinguish是delicate同義詞。傳達(dá)了冰塊的越來越小和脆弱的狀態(tài)。10.Whyareclimatescientistsmonitoringthereducedflow?A.Itaffectsthebalanceofglobalheat.B.ItencouragesArcticoceandiversity.C.Itleadstothepollutionoffreshwater.D.Itspeedsupthe“oceanconveyorbelt”.該題中的詞匯銜接手段體現(xiàn)為：distributeheat，cold，warm，climateconditions，warmingupperoceantemperatures是globalheat同義詞。文章整體上討論了海冰和淡水流動對全球洋流和氣候條件的影響。11.Whatcanweknowaboutthechangingseaiceinthelastparagraph?A.Itstheoreticalbasis.B.Itseconomicpromise.C.ItsimpactontheFramStrait.D.Itslinkwithclimatesystem.11和10都是考察對氣候的影響。在以上詞匯銜接上，我們可以再加上：surfacewatertemperatures，heatabsorbing，都是圍繞氣候變暖在進(jìn)行詞匯銜接。DInadigital,globalworldwherethinkingcriticallyandgeneratingnewideascount,acradletocareerapproachtoeducatingchildrenmustbemindfulofhowchildrenlearntolearn,notjustwhattheylearn.TheIntellectualLivesofChildrenallowsreaderstolookintothemindsofkidsastheyexploreandlearnineverydaymoments,emphasizingwhatconstitutesreallearning.Childrenarebornwithplayfulcuriosity.Theyaskquestionsabouteverything—Whydoesatreehaveleaves?WhydoestheSuneup?Thesequestionshelpchildrendiscoverthecausalrelationshipsamongthings—allwiththeguidanceofadults.Yetexplorationstaketime.AsEngelwrites,“whenchildrenareallowedtodiveintoatopicthoroughly,theyconnectunrelatedfactsandgeneratenewideas.”Therealmentalworktakesplaceastheyplay—whenachildbuildsaplatformofchairstogetcookiesfromanoutofreachcookiebox.Hiddeninthesemomentsarestrengthenedcuriosityandinnovation.Hurriedparentsoftenlacktheabilitytoallowthattime,fearingthattheirchildrenmightbelatefortheirnextscheduledactivity.“ItbeesclearthattheeducationalsysteminU.S.doesnotconcernitselfwithchildren’sintellectuallives,”warnsEngelinthebook.Instead,shehopestoreimagineschoolsas“ideafactories”builtoninspiringcuriosity:“Imagineassessingstudentsprogressundersomenewheadings:posesinterestingquestions,...andspendstimesolvingthem.Inonelovelyexample,Engeldescribesateacherwhochallengedherstudentstoconstructarecordbreakingstrawchainmeasuring3.8miles.“Winningwouldbefun,butthecognitive(認(rèn)知的)benefitswouldbefarreaching,”explainstheteacher,whosegoalwastohelpthechildrenbetterunderstandthedepthoftheMarianaTrench.Withscientificinsightandvividexamples,Engel’sbookofferstipsforhowtomakethelearningmoreapparent.Sheencouragesparentstoseechildrenasactivethinkersandsuggeststhatbyaskingopenendedquestionsandlettingthemexplore,childrenwillbebetterpreparedforaplexandeverchangingworld.12.Howwillchildren’splayfulcuriositybeereallearning?A.Bygivingkidsatimelimit.B.Byplanningoutextraactivities.C.Byrememberingcasualfacts.D.Byallowingkidstofullyexplore.該題中的詞匯銜接手段體現(xiàn)為：taketime，play，diveintoatopicthoroughly，allowthattime，belate是fullyexplore同義詞。hurriedparents是反義詞。13.What’sEngel’sattitudetowardAmericaneducationalsystem?A.Critical.B.Unclear.C.Unconcerned.D.Tolerant.14.WhatisspecialaboutEngel’sbook?A.Itpresentsaplicatedworld.B.Itpromotesscheduledactivities.C.Itbinesscienceandpractice.D.Itfeaturesopenendedquestions.該題中的詞匯銜接手段體現(xiàn)為：scientificinsight是science同義詞，vividexamples是practice同義詞。15.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.FunInspiresKids’CuriosityB.PlayDevelopsBetterThinkersC.LearningFeedsYoungMindsD.HurriedParentsTeachKidsWellWeareallcreaturesofhabit.Wetendtowakeupatthesametimeeachday,brushourteeth,havemorningcoffeeandtraveltowork,followingthesamepatternseveryday.____16____Behavioralscientistswhostudyhabitformationsaythatmanyofustrytocreatehealthyhabitsthewrongway.____17____Herearetwotips,backedbyresearch,forformingnewhealthyhabits.____18____Formanyofus,ourmorningroutineisthestrongest,sothat’sagreatplacetobuildanewhabit.Whilebrushingyourteeth,youmightstandononefoottopracticebalance.Manyofusfallintoendofthedaypatternsaswell.DoyoutendtosinkintothesofaafterworkandturnontheTV?Thatmightbeagoodtimetodoasingledailyyogapose.____19____Wendy